1
|
Akhlaq S, Aziz A. Black stone poisoning with a unique complication of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/6/e240851. [PMID: 34162602 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-240851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 25-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with difficulty in breathing, within 12 hours of intentional black stone ingestion, that is, para-phenylenediamine (p-PD), a chemical component of hair dye. Video laryngoscopy was done which showed laryngeal oedema and got intubated immediately to prevent respiratory failure. She got admitted to the intensive care unit and rigorous fluid resuscitation was done due to acute kidney injury secondary to rhabdomyolysis. On the 5th day, she got extubated after a successful spontaneous breathing trial, and step down to the high dependency unit, where she had four episodes of seizures in a day. After antiepileptic medication initiation, seizures were settled, brain imaging done to rule out stroke showed a finding suggestive of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Adequate intravenous fluid resuscitation was performed and blood pressure monitored closely. She remained vitally stable and clinically better hence discharge home with clinic follow-up on the 9th day of hospitalisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safia Akhlaq
- Internal Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Adil Aziz
- Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Safdar M, Afzal KI, Smith Z, Ali F, Zarif P, Baig ZF. Suicide by poisoning in Pakistan: review of regional trends, toxicity and management of commonly used agents in the past three decades. BJPsych Open 2021; 7:e114. [PMID: 34134811 PMCID: PMC8240123 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2021.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is one of the leading mental health crises and takes one life every 40 seconds. Four out of every five suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries. Despite religion being a protective factor against suicide, the estimated number of suicides is rapidly increasing in Pakistan. AIMS Our review focuses on the trends of suicide and means of self-poisoning in the past three decades, and the management of commonly used poisons. METHOD We searched two electronic databases (PubMed and PakMediNet) for published English-language studies describing agents used for suicide in different regions of Pakistan. A total of 46 out of 85 papers (N = 54 747 cases) met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS Suicidal behaviour was more common among individuals younger than 30 years. Females comprised 60% of those who attempted suicide in our study sample, although the ratio of completed suicides favoured males. There were regional trends in the choice of agent for overdose. Organophosphate poisoning was reported across the nation, with a predominance of cases from the agricultural belt of South Punjab and interior Sindh. Aluminium phosphide ('wheat pills') was a preferred agent in North Punjab, whereas paraphenylenediamine ('kala pathar') was implicated in deaths by suicide from South Punjab. Urban areas had other means for suicide, including household chemicals, benzodiazepines, kerosene oil and rat poison. CONCLUSIONS Urgent steps are needed, including psychoeducational campaigns on mental health and suicide, staff training, medical resources for prompt treatment of self-poisoning and updated governmental policy to regulate pesticide sales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Safdar
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Imran Afzal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zoe Smith
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University, Illinois, USA
| | - Filza Ali
- Department of Forensic Medicine, CMH Multan Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Pervaiz Zarif
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Farooq Baig
- Department of Medicine, CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Then EO, Grantham T, Lopez M, Reddy M, Gaduputi V. Esophagitis Dissecans Superficialis (EDS) Secondary to Hair Dye Ingestion: Case Report and Literature Review. Clin Pract 2021; 11:185-189. [PMID: 33805260 PMCID: PMC8103253 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract11020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophagitis dissecans superficialis (EDS) is a rare and underdiagnosed esophageal lesion characterized by sloughing of the esophageal mucosa that has been associated with medications, various autoimmune disorders, and exposure to some chemical irritants. Anatomically, EDS is most commonly seen in the middle and distal thirds of the esophagus. When present, EDS is best treated by discontinuing the offending agent and initiating pharmacologic therapy with proton pump inhibitors. Steroids may also be effective if the etiology is autoimmune in nature. Our case highlights a 65-year-old female diagnosed with EDS after incidental ingestion of hair dye containing resorcinol and para-phenylenediamine (PPD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Omar Then
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Clinical Affiliate of The Mount Sinai Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA;
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, SBH Health System, Bronx, NY 10457, USA; (M.L.); (V.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(917)-544-9015
| | - Tyler Grantham
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. George’s University School of Medicine, West Indies, Grenada;
| | - Michell Lopez
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, SBH Health System, Bronx, NY 10457, USA; (M.L.); (V.G.)
| | - Madhavi Reddy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Clinical Affiliate of The Mount Sinai Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA;
| | - Vinaya Gaduputi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, SBH Health System, Bronx, NY 10457, USA; (M.L.); (V.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khan NH, Ullah F, Khan TA, Zafar U, Farhan Ali Khan M, Mustaqeem M, Shah SS, Wu DD, Ji XY. Personal-Care Cosmetic Practices in Pakistan: Current Perspectives and Management. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:9-21. [PMID: 33442283 PMCID: PMC7800457 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s270667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
To look superior and acceptable in society, people from all over the world use various types of cosmetic products to enhance or alter their facial appearance and body texture. In recent times, an exponential surge in cosmetic use has been observed in Pakistan, and hence spending money on personal-care products is high. However, there are many reported facts about high loads of lead, mercury, copper, and others hazardous and cancerous elements in local Pakistani cosmetic brands. Consumers of these brands are at high risk of many clinical issues, including cancer. As such, it is a necessity to make people aware of the devastating harmful effects related to cosmetic use. The aim of this study was to provide information for stakeholders and raise awareness in the general public about the use of these local unauthorized personal-care cosmetic products, along with government strategies to stop this cosmetic blight on human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazeer Hussain Khan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Henan 475001, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Faiz Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Taskin Aman Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Ujala Zafar
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Mustaqeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha Sub-Campus, Bhakkar 30000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Sakhawat Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Henan 475001, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University College of Medicine, Henan 475001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Henan 475001, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mishra V, Sharma U, Rawat D, Benson D, Singh M, Sharma RS. Fast-changing life-styles and ecotoxicity of hair dyes drive the emergence of hidden toxicants threatening environmental sustainability in Asia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 184:109253. [PMID: 32145548 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The practice of hair dyeing is a rapidly expanding industry on a global scale; however, it has become a major concern for Asian countries because they have been undergoing rapid transformations of their environment and lifestyles. While the socio-economic benefits and impacts of this globalization trend are widely understood, the environmental effects are largely unknown. In particular, commonly available oxidative dyes potentially pose specific environmental risks due to their use of a toxic aromatic amine p-Phenylenediamine (PPD). In investigating the environmental impacts of PPD chemicals, we first provide context to the study by setting out the socio-psychological drivers to industrial expansion in Asian countries along with an overview of research into its effects, to show that its environmental impacts are under-researched. We then investigate the environmental toxicity of PPD by focusing on the role of microbes in metabolizing waste products. Results show that Acinetobacter baumannii EB1 isolated from dye effluent prevents autoxidation of PPD under oxygen-enriched (shaking) or oxygen-deficient (static) conditions representing different environmental settings. Microbes transformed PPD into more toxic metabolites, which then significantly reduced plant growth, thereby having a direct bearing on ecosystem services. Based on the findings, we argue that stricter regulatory controls on hair dye wastewater are necessary, particularly in newly industrialising Asian countries where the expansion of commercial practice is most prevalent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Mishra
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Udita Sharma
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Deepak Rawat
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - David Benson
- Environment and Sustainability Institute and Department of Politics, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Mrinalini Singh
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Radhey Shyam Sharma
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oliveira ACX, Leão A, Balzuweit K, Siman L, Mesquita ON, Ladeira LO, Cury LA. Fluorescence of a Natural Fluorophore as a Key to Improve Fingerprint Contrast Image. J Forensic Sci 2019; 64:1867-1872. [PMID: 31116421 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The optical and morphological properties of resveratrol were investigated. This nontoxic fluorescent natural material, emitting in the visible blue light, was used as an optical marker, enabling the enhancement of the image contrast coming from relief pictures marked on challenging surfaces. By applying appropriated imaging softwares, this marker was verified to be very useful in the latent fingerprint recognition deposited on different wood surface types, mainly those with high level of roughness, where conventional forensic materials do not allow effective fingerprint image visualization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Leão
- Escola de Belas Artes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karla Balzuweit
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Livia Siman
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Oscar Nassif Mesquita
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Orlando Ladeira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Cury
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Senthilkumaran S, Jena NN, Thirumalaikolundusubramanian P. Super Vasmol Poisoning: Dangers of Darker Shade. Indian J Crit Care Med 2019; 23:S287-S289. [PMID: 32021006 PMCID: PMC6996661 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
How to cite this article: Senthilkumaran S, Jena NN, Thirumalaikolundusubramanian P. Super Vasmol Poisoning: Dangers of Darker Shade. Indian J Crit Care Med 2019;23(Suppl 4):S287-S289.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Narendra N Jena
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Meenakshi Mission Hospital and Research Centre, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | |
Collapse
|