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Abishev Z, Ruslanova B, Apbassova S, Shabdarbayeva D, Chaizhunussova N, Dyusupov A, Azhimkhanov A, Zhumadilov K, Stepanenko V, Ivanov S, Shegay P, Kaprin A, Hoshi M, Fujimoto N. Effects of Radioactive 56MnO 2 Particle Inhalation on Mouse Lungs: A Comparison between C57BL and BALB/c. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17605. [PMID: 38139433 PMCID: PMC10743477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of residual radiation from atomic bombs have been considered to be minimal because of its low levels of external radioactivity. However, studies involving atomic bomb survivors exposed to only residual radiation in Hiroshima and Nagasaki have indicated possible adverse health effects. Thus, we investigated the biological effects of radioactive dust of manganese dioxide 56 (56MnO2), a major radioisotope formed in soil by neutron beams from a bomb. Previously, we investigated C57BL mice exposed to 56MnO2 and found pulmonary gene expression changes despite low radiation doses. In this study, we examined the effects in a radiation-sensitive strain of mice, BALB/c, and compared them with those in C57BL mice. The animals were exposed to 56MnO2 particles at two radioactivity levels and examined 3 and 65 days after exposure. The mRNA expression of pulmonary pathophysiology markers, including Aqp1, Aqp5, and Smad7, and radiation-sensitive genes, including Bax, Phlda3, and Faim3, was determined in the lungs. The radiation doses absorbed in the lungs ranged from 110 to 380 mGy; no significant difference was observed between the two strains. No exposure-related pathological changes were observed in the lungs of any group. However, the mRNA expression of Aqp1 was significantly elevated in C57BL mice but not in BALB/c mice 65 days after exposure, whereas no changes were observed in external γ-rays (2 Gy) in either strain. In contrast, Faim3, a radiation-dependently downregulated gene, was reduced by 56MnO2 exposure in BALB/c mice but not in C57BL mice. These data demonstrate that inhalation exposure to 56MnO2 affected the expression of pulmonary genes at doses <380 mGy, which is comparable to 2 Gy of external γ-irradiation, whereas the responses differed between the two mouse strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaslan Abishev
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan; (Z.A.); (B.R.); (S.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Bakhyt Ruslanova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan; (Z.A.); (B.R.); (S.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Saulesh Apbassova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan; (Z.A.); (B.R.); (S.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Dariya Shabdarbayeva
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan; (Z.A.); (B.R.); (S.A.); (D.S.)
| | | | - Altai Dyusupov
- Rector’s Office, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan;
| | - Almas Azhimkhanov
- National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kurchatov 071100, Kazakhstan;
| | - Kassym Zhumadilov
- Department of Nuclear Physics, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Valeriy Stepanenko
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre—Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia; (V.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre—Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia; (V.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Peter Shegay
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia; (P.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Andrey Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia; (P.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Masaharu Hoshi
- The Center for Peace, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 730-0053, Japan;
| | - Nariaki Fujimoto
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan
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2
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Abishev Z, Ruslanova B, Apbassova S, Chaizhunussova N, Shabdarbayeva D, Azimkhanov A, Zhumadilov K, Stepanenko V, Ivanov S, Shegay P, Hoshi M, Fujimoto N. Effects of Internal Exposure of Radioactive 56MnO2 Particles on the Lung in C57BL Mice. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3208-3218. [PMID: 37185733 PMCID: PMC10137078 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the radiation effects of the atomic bombing in Hiroshima and Nagasaki has revealed concerns about the impact of the residual radioactive dust produced in the soil. Manganese-56 is one of the major radioisotopes produced by neutrons from the bomb; hence, we previously examined the biological effects of manganese dioxide-56 (56MnO2) in Wistar rats, in which significant changes were found in the lung. In the present study, ten-week-old male C57BL mice were exposed to three doses of radioactive 56MnO2, stable MnO2 particles, or external γ-rays (2 Gy) to further examine the effects of 56MnO2 in a different species. The estimated absorbed radiation doses from 56MnO2 were 26, 96, and 250 mGy in the lung. The animals were examined at 3, 14, and 70 days post exposure. Histologically, no exposure-related changes were found in the lungs of any group. However, pulmonary mRNA expression of aquaporin 1, which is a useful marker for lung pathophysiology, was significantly elevated at 14 and 70 days, although no such changes were found in the mice exposed to external γ-rays (2 Gy). These data indicated that the inhalation exposure to 56MnO2 particles, with <250 mGy of organ doses, produced significant biological responses in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaslan Abishev
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
| | - Bakhyt Ruslanova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
| | - Saulesh Apbassova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Dariya Shabdarbayeva
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
| | - Almas Azimkhanov
- National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kurchatov 071100, Kazakhstan
| | - Kassym Zhumadilov
- Department of Nuclear Physics, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Valeriy Stepanenko
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center—National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center—National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Peter Shegay
- National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Masaharu Hoshi
- The Center for Peace, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 730-0053, Japan
| | - Nariaki Fujimoto
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan
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Zhao X, Liu G, Yu X, Yang X, Gao W, Zhao Z, Ma T, Ma J. Ablation of AQP5 gene in mice leads to olfactory dysfunction caused by hyposecretion of Bowman's gland. Chem Senses 2023; 48:bjad030. [PMID: 37586060 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Smell detection depends on nasal airflow, which can make absorption of odors to the olfactory epithelium by diffusion through the mucus layer. The odors then act on the chemo-sensitive epithelium of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Therefore, any pathological changes in the olfactory area, for instance, dry nose caused by Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) may interfere with olfactory function. SS is an autoimmune disease in which aquaporin (AQP) 5 autoantibodies have been detected in the serum. However, the expression of AQP5 in olfactory mucosa and its function in olfaction is still unknown. Based on the study of the expression characteristics of AQP5 protein in the nasal mucosa, the olfaction dysfunction in AQP5 knockout (KO) mice was found by olfactory behavior analysis, which was accompanied by reduced secretion volume of Bowman's gland by using in vitro secretion measure system, and the change of acid mucin in nasal mucus layer was identified. By excluding the possibility that olfactory disturbance was caused by changes in OSNs, the result indicated that AQP5 contributes to olfactory functions by regulating the volume and composition of OE mucus layer, which is the medium for the dissolution of odor molecules. Our results indicate that AQP5 can affect the olfactory functions by regulating the water supply of BGs and the mucus layer upper the OE that can explain the olfactory loss in the patients of SS, and AQP5 KO mice might be used as an ideal model to study the olfactory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnan Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Yu
- The High School Attached to Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Morphology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenting Gao
- Institute of Genome Engineered Animal Models for Human Disease, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zinan Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tonghui Ma
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianmei Ma
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Dehmel S, Weiss KJ, El-Merhie N, Callegari J, Konrad B, Mutze K, Eickelberg O, Königshoff M, Krauss-Etschmann S. microRNA Expression Profile of Purified Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1420. [PMID: 36011331 PMCID: PMC9407429 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar type II (ATII) cells are essential for the maintenance of the alveolar homeostasis. However, knowledge of the expression of the miRNAs and miRNA-regulated networks which control homeostasis and coordinate diverse functions of murine ATII cells is limited. Therefore, we asked how miRNAs expressed in ATII cells might contribute to the regulation of signaling pathways. We purified "untouched by antibodies" ATII cells using a flow cytometric sorting method with a highly autofluorescent population of lung cells. TaqMan® miRNA low-density arrays were performed on sorted cells and intersected with miRNA profiles of ATII cells isolated according to a previously published protocol. Of 293 miRNAs expressed in both ATII preparations, 111 showed equal abundances. The target mRNAs of bona fide ATII miRNAs were used for pathway enrichment analysis. This analysis identified nine signaling pathways with known functions in fibrosis and/or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In particular, a subset of 19 miRNAs was found to target 21 components of the TGF-β signaling pathway. Three of these miRNAs (miR-16-5p, -17-5p and -30c-5p) were down-modulated by TGF-β1 stimulation in human A549 cells, and concomitant up-regulation of associated mRNA targets (BMPR2, JUN, RUNX2) was observed. These results suggest an important role for miRNAs in maintaining the homeostasis of the TGF-β signaling pathway in ATII cells under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dehmel
- Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Ludwig-Maximilians University Hospital Munich, Asklepios Clinic Gauting and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department Strategy, Programs, Resources, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katharina J. Weiss
- Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Ludwig-Maximilians University Hospital Munich, Asklepios Clinic Gauting and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Natalia El-Merhie
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Airway Research Center North (ARCN), 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Jens Callegari
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Lung Repair and Regeneration, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bergisch Gladbach, Ferrenbergstraße, 51465 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Birte Konrad
- Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Ludwig-Maximilians University Hospital Munich, Asklepios Clinic Gauting and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Mutze
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Lung Repair and Regeneration, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Lung Repair and Regeneration, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Airway Research Center North (ARCN), 23845 Borstel, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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5
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Bystrup M, Login FH, Edamana S, Borgquist S, Tramm T, Kwon TH, Nejsum LN. Aquaporin-5 in breast cancer. APMIS 2022; 130:253-260. [PMID: 35114014 PMCID: PMC9314690 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The water channel aquaporin‐5 (AQP5) is essential in transepithelial water transport in secretory glands. AQP5 is ectopically overexpressed in breast cancer, where expression is associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. Besides the role in water transport, AQP5 has been found to play a role in cancer metastasis, migration, and proliferation. AQP5 has also been shown to be involved in the dysregulation of epithelial cell–cell adhesion; frequently observed in cancers. Insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms of how AQP5 contributes to cancer development and progression is essential for potentially implementing AQP5 as a prognostic biomarker and to develop targeted intervention strategies for the treatment of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Bystrup
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Frédéric H Login
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Sarannya Edamana
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Signe Borgquist
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Trine Tramm
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Tae-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | - Lene N Nejsum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Debbarma S, Ludri A, Saini S, Devi P, Kumar G. Expression of AQP1, AQP3, AQP4 and AQP5 in upper respiratory tract of buffaloes during different seasons. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.2007329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushanta Debbarma
- Division of Physiology, Icar- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Ashutosh Ludri
- Division of Physiology, Icar- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Sudha Saini
- Division of Physiology, Icar- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Pooja Devi
- Division of Physiology, Icar- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Division of Physiology, Icar- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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WAKAYAMA Y, HIRAKO S, OHTAKI H, ARATA S, JIMI T, HONDA K. Histopathological and aquaporin7 mRNA expression analyzes in the skeletal and cardiac muscles of obese db/db mice. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1155-1160. [PMID: 34053976 PMCID: PMC8349804 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine 1) muscle fiber type composition, 2) myofiber diameter, and 3) aquaporin (AQP) 7 and AQP 9 mRNA expressions by quantitative PCR in muscles of obese db/db mice. The myofiber type composition of skeletal muscle was not statistically significantly different between db/db mice and control mice; while the average myofiber diameter ratio showed a decrease in db/db mice. The expression of AQP7 but not AQP9 mRNA in the skeletal and cardiac muscles was significantly upregulated in db/db mice. Thus this study revealed quantitatively that type 2 myofiber atrophy was shown in the skeletal muscles of db/db mice. AQP7 mRNA expression was upregulated in the skeletal and cardiac muscles of db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro WAKAYAMA
- Wakayama Clinic, 2-3-18 Kanai, Machida-shi, Tokyo 195-0072, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi HIRAKO
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, 1288 Magome, Iwatsuki-shi, Saitama 339-8539,
Japan
| | - Hirokazu OHTAKI
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Satoru ARATA
- Center for Biotechnology, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
- Center for Laboratory Animal Science, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Showa University, 4562 Kamiyoshida, Fujiyoshida-shi, Yamanashi 403-0005,
Japan
| | - Takahiro JIMI
- Division of Neurology, Machida Keisen Hospital, 2-1-47 Minamimachida, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-005, Japan
| | - Kazuho HONDA
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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Exploring the role of Aquaporins (AQPs) in LPS induced systemic inflammation and the ameliorative effect of Garcinia in male Wistar rat. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:801-823. [PMID: 34106384 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Aquaporins (AQPs) could prove to be striking targets of inflammation. The aim of this study was to study the involvement of AQPs and explore the anti-inflammatory activity of Garcinia extract in LPS induced acute systemic inflammation in Wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats (n = 6) were pretreated with Garcinia orally twice for 7 days, followed by a single intraperitoneal dose (5.5 mg/kgbw) of LPS. Serum ALT, AST, ALP, Creatinine, Urea and BUN, nitric oxide, prostaglandin, cytokine and chemokine levels were measured. LC-MS analysis of Garcinia was performed to identify the phytoconstituents present. The iNOS and COX enzyme activity were determined in the target tissues. qPCR analysis of inos, cox-2 and aqps was performed. Relative protein expression of AQPs was studied by Western blot analysis. Molecular docking studies were performed to study the interaction of garcinol and hydroxycitric acid, the two important phytoconstituents of Garcinia with AQP. The qPCR analysis showed tissue-specific up-regulation of aqp1, aqp3, aqp4 and aqp8 in LPS induced rats. Garcinia extract treatment effectively lowered the mRNA expression of these AQPs. Garcinia extract significantly inhibited the LPS-induced NO, prostaglandin, cytokine and chemokine production in serum and also decreased tissue-specific transcript level of inos and cox-2, thus suggesting the anti-inflammatory role of Garcinia. Also, docking studies revealed interactions of garcinol and hydroxycitric acid with AQP1, 3, 4 and 8. Therefore, the present study suggests the possible involvement of AQP1, 3, 4 and 8 in inflammation and the efficacy of Garcinia extract as an anti-inflammatory agent. Therefore, AQPs can act as prognostic markers of inflammation and can be targeted with Garcinia extract.
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9
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Yoshie S, Nakamura R, Kobayashi D, Miyake M, Omori K, Hazama A. Functional characterization of various channel-expressing central airway epithelial cells from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15951-15962. [PMID: 30714154 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Functional central airway epithelial cells (CAECs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are an attractive potential cell source for central airway regeneration. The central airway epithelium, such as the tracheal epithelium, is composed of ciliated cells, goblet cells, and basal cells and has physiologically important functions such as the regulation of water volume on the airway surface by Cl- and water channels and the elimination of particles inhaled from the external environment by ciliary movement. Previous work from our group and from other research groups has reported the generation of airway epithelial cells from iPSCs. However, it remains unclear whether iPSC-derived CAECs express the various channels that are required for the regulation of water volume on the airway surface and whether these channels function properly. In this study, we generated CAECs from iPSCs supplemented with activin and bFGF using air-liquid interface culture. We then evaluated the physiological functioning of the iPSC-derived CAECs by examining the gene expression and transport functions of Cl - channels using a halide ion-sensitive yellow fluorescent protein and ciliary movement. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry indicated that various channel markers such as cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and aquaporin (AQP) were present in iPSC-derived CAECs. Furthermore, the transport functions of Cl - channels and CFTR were successfully confirmed. Finally, ciliary movement was measured, and a ciliary beating frequency (CBF) of approximately 10 Hz was observed. These results demonstrate that CAECs generated by our method have physiological functions similar to those of native CAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Yoshie
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakamura
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masao Miyake
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hazama
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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10
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Xu C, Jiang L, Zou Y, Xing J, Sun H, Zhu B, Zhang H, Wang J, Zhang J. Involvement of water channel Aquaporin 5 in H 2S-induced pulmonary edema. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 49:202-211. [PMID: 28088675 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) poses a significant threat to life, and the lung is one of the primary target organs of H2S. However, the mechanisms involved in H2S-induced acute pulmonary edema are poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the effects of H2S on the expression of water channel aquaporin 5 (AQP5) and to elucidate the signaling pathways involved in AQP5 regulation. In an in vivo study, C57BL6 mice were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of inhaled H2S, and histological injury of the lungs and ultrastructure injury of the epithelial cells were evaluated. With real-time PCR and western blot assays, we found that H2S exposure contributed to a significant decrease in AQP5 expression both in murine lung tissue and the A549 cell line, and the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways were demonstrated to be implicated in AQP5 regulation. Therefore, adjusting AQP5 protein levels could be considered a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of APE induced by H2S and other hazardous gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yuxia Zou
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education. Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jingjing Xing
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Department of Occupational Disease Prophylactic-Therapeutic Institution, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 122 Heban Cun, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
| | - Hengdong Zhang
- Department of Occupational Disease Prophylactic-Therapeutic Institution, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 122 Heban Cun, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education. Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
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Hongyan L, Suling W, Weina Z, Yajie Z, Jie R. Antihyperuricemic effect of liquiritigenin in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1930-1936. [PMID: 27863839 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim is to investigate the anti-hyperuricemic and renal protective effects of liquiritigenin in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rats. Hyperuricemia in rats was induced were induced with potassium oxonate (250mg/kg) intragastrically for 7 days, and liquiritigenin (20, 40mg/kg) and allopurinol (5mg/kg) were daily administrated to the rats orally 1h after the potassium oxonate exposure. Liquiritigenin significantly reversed the elevated productions of uric acid in serum and urine and pro-inflammation cytokines in serum and kidney, which shown that liquiritigenin has renal protective effects. Histological study shows that liquiritigenin inhibited severe necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in potassium oxonate-treated rats. Furthermore, liquiritigenin mediated the activities of aquaporins 4 (AQP4), and regulated the activation of NF-κB p65 and the degradation of IκBα. Finally, significant increases of nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein adaptor (ASC) adaptor and cleaved caspased-1 were restored by liquiritigenin. Therefore, liquiritigenin might improve renal inflammation by suppressing renal AQP4/NF-κB/IκBα and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in hyperuricemic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Hongyan
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Wu Suling
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001, China.
| | - Zhu Weina
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Zhang Yajie
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Ruan Jie
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001, China
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Zhang Y, Tian K, Wang Y, Zhang R, Shang J, Jiang W, Wang A. The Effects of Aquaporin-1 in Pulmonary Edema Induced by Fat Embolism Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071183. [PMID: 27455237 PMCID: PMC4964552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the role of aquaporin1 (AQP1) in the pathologic process of pulmonary edema induced by fat embolism syndrome (FES) and the effects of a free fatty acid (FFA) mixture on AQP1 expression in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs). In vivo, edema was more serious in FES mice compared with the control group. The expression of AQP1 and the wet-to-dry lung weight ratio (W/D) in the FES group were significantly increased compared with the control group. At the same time, inhibition of AQP1 decreased the pathological damage resulting from pulmonary edema. Then we performed a study in vitro to investigate whether AQP1 was induced by FFA release in FES. The mRNA and protein level of AQP1 were increased by FFAs in a dose- and time-dependent manner in PMVECs. In addition, the up-regulation of AQP1 was blocked by the inhibitor of p38 kinase, implicating the p38 MAPK pathway as involved in the FFA-induced AQP1 up-regulation in PMVECs. Our results demonstrate that AQP1 may play important roles in pulmonary edema induced by FES and can be regarded as a new therapy target for treatment of pulmonary edema induced by FES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Kun Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Jiawei Shang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Aizhong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
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13
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although aquaporins (AQPs) are known to play critical roles as the basis for water and solute transport in water homeostasis, AQPs in normal human middle ear epithelium (NHMEE) has not previously been investigated. OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To investigate the expressions of AQP water channels in NHMEE in situ, in proliferating epithelial cell cultures in vitro. METHODS AQP 0-12 expressions by cultured NHMEE cells in situ were assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Normal middle ear epithelial tissue was harvested and investigated for expressions of AQPs (1, 3, 4, and 5) by immunohistochemistry. Expression screening was also carried out on the differentiated NHMEE cells. RESULTS Transcripts for AQP 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 11 were expressed consistently in cultured NHMEE cells; however, AQP 0, 7, 9, and 12 subtypes were not expressed. Immunochemistry confirmed the expressions of AQP 1, 3, and 5 at the protein level. AQP 1 was localized at capillary endothelial cells and fibroblasts in lamina propria mucosae; AQP 3 was present solely at the basolateral membrane of ciliated cells, whereas AQP 5 was on the apical surface of ciliated cells. AQP 3 and 5 were intensely expressed in both cultured NHMEE cells in situ and NHMEE tissue in vitro. CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate that AQPs are expressed by human middle ear epithelium in situ and in vitro, suggesting a potential role in otitis media with effusion. Our study suggests that the presence of AQP 1, 3, and 5 in the middle ear cavity may be to have an important role for water transportation.
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Sun Y, Sun L, Liu S, Song J, Cheng J, Liu J. Effect of emodin on Aquaporin 5 expression in rats with sepsis-induced acute lung injury. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2016; 35:679-84. [PMID: 26742314 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(15)30159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of emodin on aquaporin 5 (AQP5) expression in rats with sepsis-induced acute lung injury. METHODS We divided 60 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 200-230 g, into four groups: control, sham surgery, model and emodin groups (n = 15 for each). We created a sepsis model with cecal ligation and puncture; the sham surgery group had their cecums replaced after exposure outside the abdominal cavity. Each group was further divided into three subgroups (n = 5 for each) and expressions of AQP5 mRNA and proteins in lung tissue were measured by real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction and western blot at 6,12 and 24 h after surgery. RESULTS AQP5 expression did not change over time in the control group and sham surgery group, but decreased over time in the model group. The lowest expression was found in 12-h subgroup, which significantly differed from the 6-h subgroup (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, AQP5 expression in the emodin group was significantly higher in all the subgroups (all P < 0.01). Expressions in the 12-h subgroup were the highest, and significantly differed from the other subgroups. We found that lung tissue damage, such as pulmonary edema, alveolar damage and the exudation of red blood cells in pulmonary interstitium and alveolar, was significantly milder in the emodin group under light microscope than the model group. CONCLUSION AQP5 expression was significantly down-regulated in rats with sepsis-induced acute lung injury induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Early prophylactic use of emodin can significantly enhance the AQP5 expression, thus effectively reducing the degree of pulmonary edema in septic rats.
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Matsuzaki T, Yaguchi T, Shimizu K, Kita A, Ishibashi K, Takata K. The distribution and function of aquaporins in the kidney: resolved and unresolved questions. Anat Sci Int 2016; 92:187-199. [PMID: 26798062 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-016-0325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The membrane water channel aquaporin (AQP) family is composed of 13 isoforms in mammals, eight of which are reportedly expressed in the kidney: AQP1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 11. These isoforms are differentially expressed along the renal tubules and collecting ducts. AQP1 and 7 are distributed in the proximal tubules, whereas AQP2, 3, and 4 occur in the collecting duct system. They play important roles in the reabsorption of water and some solutes across the plasma membrane. In contrast to other aquaporins found in the kidney, AQP6, 8, and 11 are localized to the cytoplasm rather than to the apical or basolateral membranes. It is therefore doubtful that these isoforms are directly involved in water or solute reabsorption. AQP6 is localized in acid-secreting type A intercalated cells of the collecting duct. AQP8 has been found in the proximal tubule but its cellular location has not yet been defined by immunohistochemistry. AQP11 seems to be localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of proximal tubule cells. Interestingly, polycystic kidneys develop in AQP11-null mice. Many vacuole-like structures are seen in proximal tubule cells in kidneys of newborn AQP11-null mice. Subsequently, cysts are generated, and most of the mice die within a month due to severe renal failure. Although ER stress and impairment of polycystin-1, the product of the gene mutated in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease, are possible causes of cystogenesis in AQP11-null mice, the exact mechanism of pathogenesis and the physiological function of AQP11 are yet to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Yaguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kinue Shimizu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Aoi Kita
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ishibashi
- Department of Medical Physiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Takata
- Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences, 323-1 Kamioki-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0052, Japan
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Zhang J, Gong L, Hasan B, Wang J, Luo J, Ma H, Li F. Use of aquaporins 1 and 5 levels as a diagnostic marker in mild-to-moderate adult-onset asthma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:14206-14213. [PMID: 26823734 PMCID: PMC4713520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Characteristic features of asthma include airway inflammation and hyperactivity, mucus hypersecretion, mucosal edema, and airway remodeling. These features could be due to pathological water transport across pulmonary epithelia and aquaporins (AQPs) have recently been isolated as key proteins in fluid transportation in the human respiratory tract. We aimed to evaluate the role of aquaporins in the pathogenesis of asthma and their possible use a diagnostic marker of the disease. A total of 110 hospitalized and outpatients with mild to moderate adult-onset asthma were invited to participate in this study and 34 submitted an induced sputum sample adequate for analysis. The amount of AQP1, AQP5 and MUC5AC were measured with ELISA assay. The amount of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 in both serum and sputum were measured with Cytometry Bead Array (CBA kit). Our results suggest that sputum AQP5, AQP1 and MUC5AC are all in a good correlation (r=0.498 between AQP5 and AQP1, r=0.529 and r=0.661 between MUC5AC and AQP5 or AQP1, respectively, all P<0.05). The AUC value for AQP1 and AQP5 to diagnose asthma were 0.729 and 0.745, respectively. In conclusion, water homeostasis plays an important role in maintaining adequate fluid transportation within the lung and is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Our results suggest that AQP may influence pulmonary physiology that their dysfunction can contribute to pulmonary pathogenesis, such as asthma. Moreover, their quantification could serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830000, China
| | - Li Gong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830000, China
| | - Bilal Hasan
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830000, China
| | - Jianjiang Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830000, China
| | - Huan Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830000, China
| | - Fengsen Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830000, China
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Ampawong S, Chaisri U, Viriyavejakul P, Prapansilp P, Grau GE, Turner GDH, Pongponratn E. A potential role for interleukin-33 and γ-epithelium sodium channel in the pathogenesis of human malaria associated lung injury. Malar J 2015; 14:389. [PMID: 26437894 PMCID: PMC4595310 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of pulmonary oedema (PE) in patients with severe malaria is still unclear. It has been hypothesized that lung injury depends, in addition to microvascular obstruction, on an increased pulmonary capillary pressure and altered alveolar-capillary membrane permeability, causing pulmonary fluid accumulation. Methods This study compared the histopathological features of lung injury in Southeast Asian patients (n = 43) who died from severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria, and correlated these with clinical history in groups with or without PE. To investigate the expression of mediators that may influence fluid accumulation in PE, immunohistochemistry and image analysis were performed on controls and sub-sets of patient with or without PE. Results The expression of leukocyte sub-set antigens, bronchial interleukin (IL)-33, γ-epithelium sodium channel (ENaC), aquaporin (AQP)-1 and -5, and control cytokeratin staining was quantified in the lung tissue of severe malaria patients. Bronchial IL-33 expression was significantly increased in severe malaria patients with PE. Malaria patients with shock showed significantly increased bronchial IL-33 compare to other clinical manifestations. Bronchial IL-33 levels were positively correlated with CD68+ monocyte and elastase + neutrophil, septal congestion and hyaline membrane formation. Moreover, the expression of both vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and bronchial γ-ENaC significantly decreased in severe malaria patients with PE. Both VSMC and bronchial γ-ENaC were negatively correlated with the degree of parasitized erythrocyte sequestration, alveolar thickness, alveolar expansion score, septal congestion score, and malarial pigment score. In contrast AQP-1 and -5 and pan cytokeratin levels were similar between groups. Conclusions The results suggest that IL-33 may play a role in lung injury during severe malaria and lead to PE. Both VSMC and bronchial γ-ENaC downregulation may explain pulmonary fluid disturbances and participate in PE pathogenesis in severe malaria patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Urai Chaisri
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Parnpen Viriyavejakul
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Panote Prapansilp
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Georges E Grau
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Parramatta Road, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Gareth D H Turner
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
| | - Emsri Pongponratn
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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18
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Han G, Ma L, Guo Y, Li L, Li D, Liu H. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy palliates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats by upregulating AQP1 and AQP5 expression. Exp Lung Res 2015; 41:444-9. [PMID: 26317897 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2015.1064189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has been suggested to palliate acute lung injury (ALI), but the mechanisms involved are not well understood. This study is to elucidate the involvement of AQP1 and AQP5 in the HBO related ALI therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administrated into SD rats to obtain ALI models. Pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in arterial blood and oxygenation index in rats after LPS and HBO treatments were determined. Pathological changes of the lungs were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Alteration of TNF-α level during LPS and HBO treatments was evaluated with ELISA analysis. Western blot was employed to assess the expression of AQP1 and AQP5. RESULTS Blood gas indexes were largely decreased by LPS administration, which responded to HBO. Pathological examination showed that the inflammation symptoms in lungs induced by LPS were also palliated after HBO preconditioning. LPS induced the expression of TNF-α at a high level which could be downregulated by HBO and TNF-α antagonist treatments. Results of AQP1 and AQP5 determination found that HBO and TNF-α antagonist would upregulate the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 which was inhibited in rats with ALI. CONCLUSIONS HBO therapy palliated LPS-induced ALI in rats by downregulating TNF-α expression. HBO also upregulated AQP1 and AQP5 expression. These results could serve as guidelines for the full understanding of ALI therapy by HBO, thus achieving maximized therapeutic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Han
- a Department of Anesthesia , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , China
| | - Ling Ma
- a Department of Anesthesia , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , China
| | - Yao Guo
- a Department of Anesthesia , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , China
| | - Lu Li
- a Department of Anesthesia , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , China
| | - Dan Li
- a Department of Anesthesia , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- a Department of Anesthesia , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , China
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Lee J, Park S, Roh S. Transdifferentiation of mouse adipose-derived stromal cells into acinar cells of the submandibular gland using a co-culture system. Exp Cell Res 2015; 334:160-72. [PMID: 25801455 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A loss of salivary gland function often occurs after radiation therapy in head and neck tumors, though secretion of saliva by the salivary glands is essential for the health and maintenance of the oral environment. Transplantation of salivary acinar cells (ACs), in part, may overcome the side effects of therapy. Here we directly differentiated mouse adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) into ACs using a co-culture system. Multipotent ADSCs can be easily collected from stromal vascular fractions of adipose tissues. The isolated ADSCs showed positive expression of markers such as integrin beta-1 (CD29), cell surface glycoprotein (CD44), endoglin (CD105), and Nanog. The cells were able to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and neural-like cells after 14 days in culture. ADSCs at passage 2 were co-cultured with mouse ACs in AC culture medium using the double-chamber (co-culture system) to avoid mixing the cell types. The ADSCs in this co-culture system expressed markers of ACs, such as α-amylases and aquaporin5, in both mRNA and protein. ADSCs cultured in AC-conditioned medium also expressed AC markers. Cellular proliferation and senescence analyses demonstrated that cells in the co-culture group showed lower senescence and a higher proliferation rate than the AC-conditioned medium group at Days 14 and 21. The results above imply direct conversion of ADSCs into ACs under the co-culture system; therefore, ADSCs may be a stem cell source for the therapy for salivary gland damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingu Lee
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, South Korea
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, South Korea
| | - Sangho Roh
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, South Korea.
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Frauenfelder C, Woods C, Hussey D, Ooi E, Klebe S, Carney AS. Aquaporin expression profiles in normal sinonasal mucosa and chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2014; 4:901-8. [PMID: 25243928 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thickened secretions, mucosal edema, and polyp formation are pathological features in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) that could theoretically be caused by aberrant water flow through sinonasal mucosa. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of proteins with roles in water transport, with tissue-specific expression profiles. This study aims to determine if AQP expression in sinonasal mucosa is different between normal controls and patients with CRS, either with (CRSwNP) or without (CRSsNP) nasal polyps. METHODS During endoscopic sinus surgery or transsphenoidal surgery, sinonasal tissue was collected and classified as CRSwNP (n = 13), CRSsNP (n = 10), or normal (n = 10). Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of human AQP0 to AQP12b was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cellular localization of AQP1, AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, AQP7, and AQP11 was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS mRNA of AQP0 to AQP11 was identified in all samples. AQP12b mRNA was not detected. Significant differences in the mRNA expression levels of AQP4 and AQP11 were identified between normal and CRSwNP patients (p < 0.05). Differences in the cellular localization of AQPs were observed in both CRSsNP and CRSwNP patients vs normal controls. More intense localization to the cell cytoplasm was observed for AQP5 in glandular epithelium (CRSwNP; p < 0.05) and surface epithelium (CRSsNP; p < 0.05), and AQP4 in glandular epithelium (CRSsNP; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study characterized AQP mRNA expression and protein localization in normal human sinonasal tissue. Significant differences in mRNA expression were found for AQP4 and AQP11 in CRSwNP and differences in protein localization patterns of AQP4 and AQP5 were identified in both types of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Frauenfelder
- Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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21
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Sakai H, Sato K, Kai Y, Shoji T, Hasegawa S, Nishizaki M, Sagara A, Yamashita A, Narita M. Distribution of aquaporin genes and selection of individual reference genes for quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis in multiple tissues of the mouse. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:789-96. [PMID: 25188728 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of water-transporting proteins that are selectively expressed in epithelial, endothelial, and many other cell types of various tissues, where they play important physiological functions. However, the accurate distribution of AQP gene expression has not yet been examined in various tissues of the mouse. We first evaluated the tissue distribution of AQP gene expression using tongue, nasal epithelium, bronchus, trachea, lung, esophagus, stomach, ileum, transverse colon, liver, pancreas, whole blood, thigh muscle, spinal cord, brain, thoracic aorta, heart, kidney, thymus, spleen, skin, eye, and testis of the mouse. Furthermore, for a quantitative analysis, we selected appropriate reference genes for normalized qRT-PCR data in various tissues. The stability of the reference genes was assessed using NormFinder. The stably expressed genes identified in the present study were 18s rRNA. When 18s rRNA was used, as the best reference gene in the present study, the genes for AQPs 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, and 12 were notably expressed in the eye, lung, testis, eye, spinal cord, trachea, kidney, testis, testis, testis, testis, and pancreas. These results, regarding the distribution of AQPs, suggest that AQPs may be involved in various physiological and pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Sakai
- a Division of Pharmacy Professional Development & Research, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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22
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Hasan B, Li FS, Siyit A, Tuyghun E, Luo JH, Upur H, Ablimit A. Expression of aquaporins in the lungs of mice with acute injury caused by LPS treatment. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2014; 200:40-5. [PMID: 24879973 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and AQP5 in the lungs of mice with acute injury induced by LPS treatment. In the study, the concentrations of cytokines were all significantly increased in the BALF of mice received LPS at 12h and 24h (P<0.001). The lung wet/dry weight ratios (W/D) and total protein content in BALF were also increased in the mice treated with LPS (P<0.001). Interestingly the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 was significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared with these in the control mice, while TUNEL positive cells were increased. However, the AQP5 expression was significantly higher at 24h that it at 12h in the control mice. Our results showed that decreased AQP expression was associated with the increased inflammatory factors, as well as apoptotic cells. The increased expression of AQP5 at 24h in control mice might be due to its regulation in transcellular water reabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Hasan
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Physiology and Pathology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital affiliated with Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China; Postdoctoral Research Station of Clinical Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Feng-sen Li
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Physiology and Pathology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital affiliated with Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Adila Siyit
- Departments of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Ehbal Tuyghun
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Physiology and Pathology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital affiliated with Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jing-hua Luo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Halmurat Upur
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Clinical Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Abduxukur Ablimit
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Clinical Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
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Wakayama Y, Hirako S, Ogawa T, Jimi T, Shioda S. Upregulated Expression of AQP 7 in the Skeletal Muscles of Obese ob/ob Mice. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2014; 47:27-33. [PMID: 24761047 PMCID: PMC3972427 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin (AQP) is suggested to be regulated by leptin through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. AQP7 and AQP9 are membrane proteins with water and glycerol channels, the latter of which is essential for triglyceride synthesis. We conjectured that the expression of AQP7 and AQP9 would be altered in the skeletal myofibers in obese leptin deficient ob/ob mice as compared with that of wild mice. RNA and protein levels were studied in the quadriceps femoris muscles of ob/ob and wild mice. Real time quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that mouse AQP7 mRNA levels in skeletal muscles were significantly higher in ob/ob mice than in wild mice (P<0.01), whereas mouse AQP9 mRNA level was not different between the two groups (P>0.05). Histologically the type 1 myofibers of ob/ob mice contained numerous lipid droplets in oil red O stain samples. Immunohistochemical staining of ob/ob mouse muscles revealed enhanced expression of AQP7 at myofiber surface membranes, while AQP9 expression appeared to be similar to that of wild mice. The findings suggest that the upregulated expression of AQP7 in ob/ob mouse muscles facilitates the secretion of glycerol from myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Wakayama
- Wakayama Clinic
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Satoshi Hirako
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Tetsuo Ogawa
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine
| | | | - Seiji Shioda
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine
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Endeward V, Al-Samir S, Itel F, Gros G. How does carbon dioxide permeate cell membranes? A discussion of concepts, results and methods. Front Physiol 2014; 4:382. [PMID: 24409149 PMCID: PMC3884148 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We review briefly how the thinking about the permeation of gases, especially CO2, across cell and artificial lipid membranes has evolved during the last 100 years. We then describe how the recent finding of a drastic effect of cholesterol on CO2 permeability of both biological and artificial membranes fundamentally alters the long-standing idea that CO2—as well as other gases—permeates all membranes with great ease. This requires revision of the widely accepted paradigm that membranes never offer a serious diffusion resistance to CO2 or other gases. Earlier observations of “CO2-impermeable membranes” can now be explained by the high cholesterol content of some membranes. Thus, cholesterol is a membrane component that nature can use to adapt membrane CO2 permeability to the functional needs of the cell. Since cholesterol serves many other cellular functions, it cannot be reduced indefinitely. We show, however, that cells that possess a high metabolic rate and/or a high rate of O2 and CO2 exchange, do require very high CO2 permeabilities that may not be achievable merely by reduction of membrane cholesterol. The article then discusses the alternative possibility of raising the CO2 permeability of a membrane by incorporating protein CO2 channels. The highly controversial issue of gas and CO2 channels is systematically and critically reviewed. It is concluded that a majority of the results considered to be reliable, is in favor of the concept of existence and functional relevance of protein gas channels. The effect of intracellular carbonic anhydrase, which has recently been proposed as an alternative mechanism to a membrane CO2 channel, is analysed quantitatively and the idea considered untenable. After a brief review of the knowledge on permeation of O2 and NO through membranes, we present a summary of the 18O method used to measure the CO2 permeability of membranes and discuss quantitatively critical questions that may be addressed to this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Endeward
- Zentrum Physiologie, Vegetative Physiologie 4220, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover Hannover, Germany
| | - Samer Al-Samir
- Zentrum Physiologie, Vegetative Physiologie 4220, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover Hannover, Germany
| | - Fabian Itel
- Departement Chemie, Universität Basel Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerolf Gros
- Zentrum Physiologie, Vegetative Physiologie 4220, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover Hannover, Germany
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Susa T, Sawai N, Aoki T, Iizuka-Kogo A, Kogo H, Negishi A, Yokoo S, Takata K, Matsuzaki T. Effects of repeated administration of pilocarpine and isoproterenol on aquaporin-5 expression in rat salivary glands. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2013; 46:187-97. [PMID: 24610966 PMCID: PMC3929617 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are water channel proteins which enable rapid water movement across the plasma membrane. Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is the major aquaporin and is expressed on the apical membrane of salivary gland acinar cells. We examined the effects of repeated administration of pilocarpine, a clinically useful stimulant for salivary fluid secretion, and isoproterenol (IPR), a stimulant for salivary protein secretion, on the abundance of AQP5 protein in rat salivary glands by immunofluorescence microscopy and semi-quantitative immunoblotting. Unexpectedly AQP5 was decreased in pilocarpine-administered salivary glands, in which fluid secretion must be highly stimulated, implying that AQP5 might not be required for fluid secretion at least in pilocarpine-administered state. The abundance of AQP5, on the other hand, was found to be significantly increased in IPR-administered submandibular and parotid glands. To address the possible mechanism of the elevation of AQP5 abundance in IPR-administered animals, changes of AQP5 level in fasting animals, in which the exocytotic events are reduced, were examined. AQP5 was found to be decreased in fasting animals as expected. These results suggested that the elevation of cAMP and/or frequent exocytotic events could increase AQP5 protein. AQP5 expression seems to be easily changed by salivary stimulants, although these changes do not always reflect the ability in salivary fluid secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taketo Susa
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Nobuhiko Sawai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takeo Aoki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akiko Iizuka-Kogo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Kogo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akihide Negishi
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Satoshi Yokoo
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kuniaki Takata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toshiyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
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She J, Bi J, Tong L, Song Y, Bai C. New insights of aquaporin 5 in the pathogenesis of high altitude pulmonary edema. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:193. [PMID: 24274330 PMCID: PMC3937216 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) affects individuals and is characterized by alveolar flooding with protein-rich edema as a consequence of blood-gas barrier disruption. In this study, we hypothesized that aquaporin 5 (AQP5) which is one kind of water channels may play a role in preservation of alveolar epithelial barrier integrity in high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). Methods Therefore, we established a model in Wildtype mice and AQP5 −/− mice were assingned to normoxic rest (NR), hypoxic rest (HR) and hypoxic exercise (HE) group. Mice were produced by training to walk at treadmill for exercising and chamber pressure was reduced to simulate climbing an altitude of 5000 m for 48 hours. Studies using BAL in HAPE mice to demonstrated that edema is caused leakage of albumin proteins and red cells across the alveolarcapillary barrier in the absence of any evidence of inflammation. Results In this study, the Lung wet/dry weight ratio and broncholalveolar lavage protein concentrations were slightly increased in HE AQP5 −/− mice compared to wildtype mice. And histologic evidence of hemorrhagic pulmonary edema was distinctly shown in HE group. The lung Evan’s blue permeability of HE group was showed slightly increased compare to the wildtype groups, and HR group was showed a medium situation from normal to HAPE development compared with NR and HE group. Conclusions Deletion of AQP5 slightly increased lung edema and lung injury compared to wildtype mice during HAPE development, which suggested that the AQP5 plays an important role in HAPE formation induced by high altitude simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chunxue Bai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, NO,180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Abstract
Aquaporins are a group of proteins with high-selective permeability for water. A subgroup called aquaglyceroporins is also permeable to glycerol, urea and a few other solutes. Aquaporin function has mainly been studied in the brain, kidney, glands and skeletal muscle, while the information about aquaporins in the heart is still scarce. The current review explores the recent advances in this field, bringing aquaporins into focus in the context of myocardial ischemia, reperfusion, and blood osmolarity disturbances. Since the amount of data on aquaporins in the heart is still limited, examples and comparisons from better-studied areas of aquaporin biology have been used. The human heart expresses aquaporin-1, -3, -4 and -7 at the protein level. The potential roles of aquaporins in the heart are discussed, and some general phenomena that the myocardial aquaporins share with aquaporins in other organs are elaborated. Cardiac aquaporin-1 is mostly distributed in the microvasculature. Its main role is transcellular water flux across the endothelial membranes. Aquaporin-4 is expressed in myocytes, both in cardiac and in skeletal muscle. In addition to water flux, its function is connected to the calcium signaling machinery. It may play a role in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Aquaglyceroporins, especially aquaporin-7, may serve as a novel pathway for nutrient delivery into the heart. They also mediate toxicity of various poisons. Aquaporins cannot influence permeability by gating, therefore, their function is regulated by changes of expression-on the levels of transcription, translation (by microRNAs), post-translational modification, membrane trafficking, ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Studies using mice genetically deficient for aquaporins have shown rather modest changes in the heart. However, they might still prove to be attractive targets for therapy directed to reduce myocardial edema and injury caused by ischemia and reperfusion.
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Ablimit A, Hasan B, Lu W, Qin W, Wushouer Q, Zhong N, Upur H. Changes in water channel aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 5 in the small airways and the alveoli in a rat asthma model. Micron 2012. [PMID: 23199524 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine changes in aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and aquaporin 5 (AQP5) in the small airways and alveoli in a rat asthma model. METHOD Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group and an ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization asthma model group. The distribution and expression of AQP1 and AQP5 in lung tissues were analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantified the staining intensity by assessing integrated optical densities (IOD), and Western blotting (WB). RESULTS IHC showed AQP1 was mainly distributed in sub-epithelial microvascular endothelial cells (MECs) and red blood cells. IOD values showed, in the asthma model group, the expression of AQP1 in alveolar MECs was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05); However, AQP1 expression in small airways sub-epithelial was higher than in the control group (P<0.05). The WB indicated that AQP1 expression in the asthma model group was 57% lower than in the control group (P<0.05). AQP5 was mainly distributed in the non-ciliated epithelial cells of the small airways and the apical membranes of type I and type II epithelial cells. IOD values showed, in asthma model group, the expression of AQP5 increased in small airways epithelium (P<0.05), and decreased in alveolar epithelium (P<0.05). The WB showed a 36% reduction in AQP5 expression compared with the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION AQP1 and AQP5 increased in small airways in rats with experimentally induced asthma, indicating that they may be involved in the formation of submucosal edema and mucus hypersecretion. Decreased AQP1 and AQP5 in pulmonary alveoli may be related to increased alveolar liquid viscosity and the formation of mucus plugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abduxukur Ablimit
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
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Aquaporin Changes in Compound 48/80 Induced Inflammatory Sublaryngeal Edema in Rat. J Voice 2012; 26:815.e17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Matsuzaki T, Susa T, Shimizu K, Sawai N, Suzuki T, Aoki T, Yokoo S, Takata K. Function of the membrane water channel aquaporin-5 in the salivary gland. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2012; 45:251-9. [PMID: 23209334 PMCID: PMC3496861 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of saliva production in the salivary glands requires transepithelial water transfer from the interstitium to the acinar lumen. There are two transepithelial pathways: the transcellular and paracellular. In the transcellular pathway, the aquaporin water channels induce passive water diffusion across the membrane lipid bilayer. It is well known that aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is expressed in the salivary glands, in which it is mainly localized at the apical membrane of the acinar cells. This suggests the physiological importance of AQP5 in transcellular water transfer. Reduced saliva secretion under pilocarpine stimulation in AQP5-null mice compared with normal mice further indicates the importance of AQP5 in this process, at least in stimulated saliva secretion. Questions remain therefore regarding the role and importance of AQP5 in basal saliva secretion. It has been speculated that there would be some short-term regulation of AQP5 such as a trafficking mechanism to regulate saliva secretion. However, no histochemical evidence of AQP5-trafficking has been found, although some of biochemical analyses suggested that it may occur. There are no reports of human disease caused by AQP5 mutations, but some studies have revealed an abnormal subcellular distribution of AQP5 in patients or animals with xerostomia caused by Sjögren’s syndrome and X-irradiation. These findings suggest the possible pathophysiological importance of AQP5 in the salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Taketo Susa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kinue Shimizu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Nobuhiko Sawai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takeo Aoki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Satoshi Yokoo
- Department of Stomatology and Oral Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Stomatology and Oral Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kuniaki Takata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to investigate the expression of aquaporin 1 in capillary endothelial cells of rats with experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) and to explore its pathogenic role in capillary leak. METHODS Sixty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control (n = 32) and ANP groups (n = 32). Eight rats in each group were killed at 3, 6, 12, and 18 hours after induction of experimental models. Quantity of ascites and levels of serum amylases were measured. Capillary permeability in pancreas, lung, and intestinal tissue was detected by Evans blue extravasation method. Aquaporin 1 expression in pancreas, lung, and intestinal tissue was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical staining, and Western blot. RESULTS Serum amylase level was significantly higher in ANP group than in controls (P < 0.05). Evans blue concentration in tissues in the ANP group was significantly higher than that in controls (P < 0.05). Aquaporin 1 mRNA and protein expressions in tissues were significantly less in the ANP group than in the controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The expression of aquaporin 1 was down-regulated in the pancreas, lung, and intestinal tissue of ANP rats, which could play an important role in the pathogenesis of capillary leak syndrome.
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Aoki T, Suzuki T, Hagiwara H, Kuwahara M, Sasaki S, Takata K, Matsuzaki T. Close association of aquaporin-2 internalization with caveolin-1. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2012; 45:139-46. [PMID: 22685356 PMCID: PMC3365305 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 2 (AQP2) is a membrane water channel protein that traffics between the intracellular membrane compartment and the plasma membrane in a vasopressin-dependent manner in the renal collecting duct cell to control the amount of water reabsorption. We examined the relation between AQP2 internalization from the plasma membrane and caveolin-1, which is a major protein in membrane microdomain caveolae, in Mardin-Darby canine kidney cells expressing human AQP2 (MDCK-hAQP2 cells). Double-immunofluorescence microscopy showed that AQP2 is colocalized with caveolin-1 in the apical plasma membrane by stimulating the intracellular signaling cascade of vasopressin with forskolin. After washing forskolin, both AQP2 and caveolin-1 were internalized to early endosomes and then separately went back to their individual compartments, which are subapical compartments and the apical membrane, respectively. Double-immunogold electron microscopy in ultrathin cryosections confirmed the colocalization of AQP2 with caveolin-1 at caveolar structures on the apical plasma membrane of forskolin-treated cells and the colocalization within the same intracellular vesicles after washing forskolin. A co-immunoprecipitation experiment showed the close interaction between AQP2 and caveolin-1 in forskolin-treated cells and in cells after washing forskolin. These results suggest that a caveolin-1-dependent and possibly caveolar-dependent pathway is a candidate for AQP2 internalization in MDCK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Aoki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Haruo Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Anatomy, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | | | - Sei Sasaki
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School
| | - Kuniaki Takata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toshiyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
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Ahmed MER, Bando H, Hirota R, Sakaguchi H, Koike S, El-Adawy AASN, Kotby MN, Hisa Y. Localization and regulation of aquaporins in the murine larynx. Acta Otolaryngol 2012; 132:439-46. [PMID: 22235909 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2011.644253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Expression of aquaporins (AQPs) in the vocal folds and the parasympathetic regulation of AQPs in the laryngeal glands may be important for controlling laryngeal secretion and vocal fold hydration. These findings are thought to be an initial step towards understanding potential mechanisms of water flow through the vocal fold surface. OBJECTIVES Lubrication of the vocal folds is important for phonation and laryngeal defense. However, the system of water transport in the laryngeal epithelium has not yet been clarified. We investigated the expression of AQP water channnels (AQP1-9) in the murine larynx and examined the neural regulating mechanisms of these subtypes. METHODS The distribution of AQPs (AQP1-9) in the murine larynx was examined by immunohistochemistry. Next, the neural mechanism regulating AQPs in the larynx was investigated using unilaterally vagotomized mice. RESULTS AQP1, 4, and 5 were expressed in the laryngeal epithelium including the vocal folds. Vocal fold AQP expression was minimal at the vocal process. AQP2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8 were localized to the submucosal glands. Expression of AQPs in the vagotomized region was significantly decreased compared with the contralateral intact side. The expression in the laryngeal glands was also decreased in the aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona El-Rabie Ahmed
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
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Cutler CP, Maciver B, Cramb G, Zeidel M. Aquaporin 4 is a Ubiquitously Expressed Isoform in the Dogfish (Squalus acanthias) Shark. Front Physiol 2012; 2:107. [PMID: 22291652 PMCID: PMC3254168 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2011.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The dogfish ortholog of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) was amplified from cDNA using degenerate PCR followed by cloning and sequencing. The complete coding region was then obtained using 5' and 3' RACE techniques. Alignment of the sequence with AQP4 amino acid sequences from other species showed that dogfish AQP4 has high levels (up to 65.3%) of homology with higher vertebrate sequences but lower levels of homology to Agnathan (38.2%) or teleost (57.5%) fish sequences. Northern blotting indicated that the dogfish mRNA was approximately 3.2 kb and was highly expressed in the rectal gland (a shark fluid secretory organ). Semi-quantitative PCR further indicates that AQP4 is ubiquitous, being expressed in all tissues measured but at low levels in certain tissues, where the level in liver > gill > intestine. Manipulation of the external environmental salinity of groups of dogfish showed that when fish were acclimated in stages to 120% seawater (SW) or 75% SW, there was no change in AQP4 mRNA expression in either rectal gland, kidney, or esophagus/cardiac stomach. Whereas quantitative PCR experiments using the RNA samples from the same experiment, showed a significant 63.1% lower abundance of gill AQP4 mRNA expression in 120% SW-acclimated dogfish. The function of dogfish AQP4 was also determined by measuring the effect of the AQP4 expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Dogfish AQP4 expressing-oocytes, exhibited significantly increased osmotic water permeability (P(f)) compared to controls, and this was invariant with pH. Permeability was not significantly reduced by treatment of oocytes with mercury chloride, as is also the case with AQP4 in other species. Similarly AQP4 expressing-oocytes did not exhibit enhanced urea or glycerol permeability, which is also consistent with the water-selective property of AQP4 in other species.
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Matsuzaki T, Inahata Y, Sawai N, Yang CY, Kobayashi M, Takata K, Ozawa H. Immunohistochemical Localization of the Water Channels AQP4 and AQP5 in the Rat Pituitary Gland. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2011; 44:259-66. [PMID: 22282586 PMCID: PMC3263858 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.11031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pituitary gland is composed of the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. The adenohypophysis contains endocrine cells, folliculo-stellate (FS) cells, and marginal layer cells, whereas the neurohypophysis mainly comprises axons and pituicytes. To understand the molecular nature of water transfer in the pituitary gland, we examined the immunohistochemical localization of the membrane water channels aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and AQP5 in rat tissue. Double immunofluorescence analysis of AQP4 and S100 protein, a known marker for FS cells, marginal layer cells, and pituicytes, clearly revealed that FS cells and marginal layer cells in the adenohypophysis and the pituicytes in pars nervosa are positive for AQP4. AQP5 was found to be localized at the apical membrane in some marginal layer cells surrounding the Rathke’s residual pouch, in which AQP4 was observed to be localized on the basolateral membranes. These results suggest the following possibilities: 1) FS cells especially require water for their functions and 2) transepithelial water transfer could occur between the lumen of Rathke’s residual pouch and the interstitial fluid in the adenohypophysis through the AQP4 and AQP5 channels in the marginal layer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yuki Inahata
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
- Department of Biology, Division of Natural Sciences, International Christian University
| | - Nobuhiko Sawai
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Chun-Ying Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Makito Kobayashi
- Department of Biology, Division of Natural Sciences, International Christian University
| | - Kuniaki Takata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hitoshi Ozawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
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Lee MH, Lin L, Equilibrina I, Uchiyama S, Matsunaga S, Fukui K. ASURA (PHB2) Is Required for Kinetochore Assembly and Subsequent Chromosome Congression. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2011; 44:247-58. [PMID: 22282585 PMCID: PMC3263857 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.11033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
ASURA (PHB2) knockdown has been known to cause premature loss of sister chromatid cohesion, and disrupt the localization of several outer plate proteins to the kinetochore. As a result, cells are arrested at mitotic phase and chromosomes fail to congress to the metaphase plate. In this study, we further clarified the mechanism underlying ASURA function on chromosome congression. Interestingly, ASURA is not specifically localized at the kinetochore during mitotic phase, unlike other kinetochore proteins which construct the kinetochore. Electron microscopy (EM) observation showed that ASURA is required for proper kinetochore formation. By the partial depletion of ASURA, kinetochore maturation is impaired, and kinetochores showing fibrillar balls without a well-defined outer plates are often observed. Moreover, even when the outer plates of kinetochores are constructed, most showed structures stretched and/or distended from the centromere, which resembled premature kinetochores at prometaphase, indicating that the constructed kinetochore plates are less rigid against tension derived from kinetochore microtubule pulling forces. We concluded that ASURA is an essential protein for complete kinetochore development, although ASURA is not being integrated to the kinetochore. These results highlight the uniqueness of ASURA as a kinetochore protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hann Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Linyen Lin
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University
| | - Ilma Equilibrina
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Susumu Uchiyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Sachihiro Matsunaga
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
- Present address: Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Kiichi Fukui
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
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Histochemical analyses and quantum dot imaging of microvascular blood flow with pulmonary edema in living mouse lungs by "in vivo cryotechnique". Histochem Cell Biol 2011; 137:137-51. [PMID: 22124864 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-011-0892-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Light microscopic imaging of blood vessels and distribution of serum proteins is essential to analyze hemodynamics in living animal lungs under normal respiration or respiratory diseases. In this study, to demonstrate dynamically changing morphology and immunohistochemical images of their living states, "in vivo cryotechnique" (IVCT) combined with freeze-substitution fixation was applied to anesthetized mouse lungs. By hematoxylin-eosin staining, morphological features, such as shapes of alveolar septum and sizes of alveolar lumen, reflected their respiratory conditions in vivo, and alveolar capillaries were filled with variously shaped erythrocytes. Albumin was usually immunolocalized in the capillaries, which was confirmed by double-immunostaining for aquaporin-1 of endothelium. To capture accurate time-courses of blood flow in peripheral pulmonary alveoli, glutathione-coated quantum dots (QDs) were injected into right ventricles, and then IVCT was performed at different time-points after the QD injection. QDs were localized in most arterioles and some alveolar capillaries at 1 s, and later in venules at 2 s, reflecting a typical blood flow direction in vivo. Three-dimensional QD images of microvascular networks were reconstructed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. It was also applied to lungs of acute pulmonary hypertension mouse model. Erythrocytes were crammed in blood vessels, and some serum components leaked into alveolar lumens, as confirmed by mouse albumin immunostaining. Some separated collagen fibers and connecting elastic fibers were still detected in edematous tunica adventitia near terminal bronchioles. Thus, IVCT combined with histochemical approaches enabled us to capture native images of dynamically changing structures and microvascular hemodynamics of living mouse lungs.
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Hara H, Wakayama Y, Kojima H, Inoue M, Jimi T, Iijima S, Masaki H. Aquaporin 4 Expression in the mdx Mouse Diaphragm. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2011; 44:175-82. [PMID: 21927516 PMCID: PMC3168763 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.11005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of aquaporin (AQP) 4 in the surface membranes of skeletal myofibers is well established; however, its functional significance is still unknown. The alterations of AQP4 expressions in dystrophic muscles at RNA and protein levels have been reported in various dystrophic muscles such as dystrophinopathy, dysferlinopathy, and sarcoglycanopathy. We are interested in the relationship between the severity of dystrophic muscle degeneration and the expression of AQP4. Here we compared the AQP4 expression of the limb muscles with that of diaphragms in both mdx and control mice. The dystrophic muscle degeneration, such as rounding profile of cross sectional myofiber shape, dense eosin staining, central nuclei, and endomysial fibrosis in mdx mice, were more marked in diaphragms than in limb muscles. The decrease of AQP4 expression at protein level was more marked in diaphragms than in the limb muscles of mdx mice. However, the expression of AQP4 mRNA in the diaphragms of mdx mice was not reduced in comparison with limb muscles of mdx mice. The present study revealed that AQP4 expression at protein level was correlated with the severity of dystrophic changes in muscle tissues of mdx mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Hara
- Department of Neurology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital
| | | | - Hiroko Kojima
- Department of Neurology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital
| | - Masahiko Inoue
- Department of Neurology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital
| | - Takahiro Jimi
- Department of Neurology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital
| | - Shoji Iijima
- Department of Neurology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital
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Lin X, Song JX, Shaw PC, Ng TB, Wong RNS, Sze SCW, Tong Y, Lee KF, Zhang KY. An autoimmunized mouse model recapitulates key features in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome. Int Immunol 2011; 23:613-24. [PMID: 21846814 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxr066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is poorly understood. To evaluate an autoimmunization-induced experimental SS model, we firstly observed the phenotype of lymphocyte infiltration in the enlarged submandibular gland (SG). Furthermore, significant activation of caspase-3 and a high ratio of Bax-to-Bcl-2 were detected, indicating the inflammatory apoptosis associated with developmental foci. Meanwhile, the dysregulated cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α, IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression, were found to be over-expressed. A progressive decrease of aquaporin 5 and its subcellular translocation from apical to basal membrane in SG was found to be associated with the abnormally expressed M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. This pattern was found to be similar to that seen in human SS and possibly contributed to the saliva secretion deficiency. Thus, this autoimmunization-induced model recapitulates the key features of human SS and may have potential for studying the pathogenesis of human SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
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40
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Mac Sweeney R, Fischer H, McAuley DF. Nasal potential difference to detect Na+ channel dysfunction in acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010; 300:L305-18. [PMID: 21112943 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00223.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fluid clearance is regulated by the active transport of Na(+) and Cl(-) through respiratory epithelial ion channels. Ion channel dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of various pulmonary fluid disorders including high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Nasal potential difference (NPD) measurement allows an in vivo investigation of the functionality of these channels. This technique has been used for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, the archetypal respiratory ion channel disorder, for over a quarter of a century. NPD measurements in HAPE and RDS suggest constitutive and acquired dysfunction of respiratory epithelial Na(+) channels. Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by pulmonary edema due to alveolar epithelial-interstitial-endothelial injury. NPD measurement may enable identification of critically ill ALI patients with a susceptible phenotype of dysfunctional respiratory Na(+) channels and allow targeted therapy toward Na(+) channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mac Sweeney
- Respiratory Medicine Research Programme, Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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