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Rutter LA, Cope H, MacKay MJ, Herranz R, Das S, Ponomarev SA, Costes SV, Paul AM, Barker R, Taylor DM, Bezdan D, Szewczyk NJ, Muratani M, Mason CE, Giacomello S. Astronaut omics and the impact of space on the human body at scale. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4952. [PMID: 38862505 PMCID: PMC11166943 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Future multi-year crewed planetary missions will motivate advances in aerospace nutrition and telehealth. On Earth, the Human Cell Atlas project aims to spatially map all cell types in the human body. Here, we propose that a parallel Human Cell Space Atlas could serve as an openly available, global resource for space life science research. As humanity becomes increasingly spacefaring, high-resolution omics on orbit could permit an advent of precision spaceflight healthcare. Alongside the scientific potential, we consider the complex ethical, cultural, and legal challenges intrinsic to the human space omics discipline, and how philosophical frameworks may benefit from international perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Rutter
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 305-8575, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 305-8575, Tsukuba, Japan
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Henry Cope
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Matthew J MacKay
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Raúl Herranz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas" (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Saswati Das
- Department of Biochemistry, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences & Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Sergey A Ponomarev
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for the Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sylvain V Costes
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Amber M Paul
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology, Daytona Beach, FL, 32114, USA
| | - Richard Barker
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Deanne M Taylor
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniela Bezdan
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- yuri GmbH, Meckenbeuren, 88074, Germany
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 305-8575, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 305-8575, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Jogdand A, Landolina M, Chen Y. Organs in orbit: how tissue chip technology benefits from microgravity, a perspective. FRONTIERS IN LAB ON A CHIP TECHNOLOGIES 2024; 3:1356688. [PMID: 38915901 PMCID: PMC11195915 DOI: 10.3389/frlct.2024.1356688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Tissue chips have become one of the most potent research tools in the biomedical field. In contrast to conventional research methods, such as 2D cell culture and animal models, tissue chips more directly represent human physiological systems. This allows researchers to study therapeutic outcomes to a high degree of similarity to actual human subjects. Additionally, as rocket technology has advanced and become more accessible, researchers are using the unique properties offered by microgravity to meet specific challenges of modeling tissues on Earth; these include large organoids with sophisticated structures and models to better study aging and disease. This perspective explores the manufacturing and research applications of microgravity tissue chip technology, specifically investigating the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Jogdand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Maxwell Landolina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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Toto E, Lambertini L, Laurenzi S, Santonicola MG. Recent Advances and Challenges in Polymer-Based Materials for Space Radiation Shielding. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:382. [PMID: 38337271 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Space exploration requires the use of suitable materials to protect astronauts and structures from the hazardous effects of radiation, in particular, ionizing radiation, which is ubiquitous in the hostile space environment. In this scenario, polymer-based materials and composites play a crucial role in achieving effective radiation shielding while providing low-weight and tailored mechanical properties to spacecraft components. This work provides an overview of the latest developments and challenges in polymer-based materials designed for radiation-shielding applications in space. Recent advances in terms of both experimental and numerical studies are discussed. Different approaches to enhancing the radiation-shielding performance are reported, such as integrating various types of nanofillers within polymer matrices and optimizing the materials design. Furthermore, this review explores the challenges in developing multifunctional materials that are able to provide radiation protection. By summarizing the state-of-the-art research and identifying emerging trends, this review aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts to identify polymer materials and composites that are most useful to protect human health and spacecraft performance in the harsh radiation conditions that are typically found during missions in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Toto
- Department of Astronautical, Electrical and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Salaria 851-881, 00138 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Lambertini
- Department of Astronautical, Electrical and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Salaria 851-881, 00138 Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Laurenzi
- Department of Astronautical, Electrical and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Salaria 851-881, 00138 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Santonicola
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Kongdin M, Chumanee S, Sansenya S. Gamma Irradiation Promotes the Growth Rate of Thai Pigmented Rice As Well As Inducing the Accumulation of Bioactive Compounds and Carbohydrate Hydrolyzing Enzymes Inhibitors (α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase) under Salt Conditions. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:463-470. [PMID: 38188088 PMCID: PMC10764221 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.4.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice contains many bioactive compounds that perform various biological activities. Some of these compounds have been identified as α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors, including guaiacol, vanillin, methyl vanillate, vanillic acid, syringic acid, and 2-pentyl furan. In this study, we assessed the growth rate, photosynthetic pigment content, phenolic content, and flavonoid content of gamma-irradiated Thai pigmented rice. Bioactive components of gamma-irradiated rice that had been subjected to salt treatment were also investigated. The findings showed that production of photosynthetic pigments, which are associated with plant growth, was induced by low gamma exposure. Phenolic and flavonoid content of rice was increased after gamma irradiation at 5 to 1,000 Gy. Both gamma irradiation and the salt conditions changed the quantity of vanillin, methyl vanillate, and vanillic acid in the rice. However, at a salt concentration of 40 mM, the salt stress had more of an effect than the gamma dosage. However, the high concentrations of methyl vanillate and vanillic acid detected in the rice under salt conditions were ameliorated by gamma irradiation. Guaiacol served as the substrate of guaiacol peroxidase for catalyzed reactive oxygen species, as evidenced by the observation that the guaiacol content of rice decreased between increased gamma dosages. A gamma dose of 40 to 1,000 Gy resulted in the production of syringic acid. Under salt stress, syringic acid buildup was also seen to be ameliorated by gamma irradiation. In comparison to salt conditions, particularly for 20 mM salt, gamma irradiation had less of an impact on the 2-pentyl furan in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manatchanok Kongdin
- Division of Crop Production, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - Saowapa Chumanee
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phetchabun Rajabhat University, Phetchabun 67000, Thailand
| | - Sompong Sansenya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
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Meng X, Bai H, Ma Q, Zhang P, Ma H, Deng Y. Screening of small molecular biomarker candidates using untargeted metabolomics strategy in peripheral blood from rats with neuroinflammatory injury induced by whole-brain irradiation. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5464. [PMID: 35899750 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory injury is one of the typical brain injuries after the body is exposed to radiation. It is mainly characterized by the release of inflammatory factors by activated microglia and peripherally invading lymphocytes. To provide early warning for nerve injury and early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, it is of great significance to explore the biomarker candidates of neuroinflammatory injury. This study focused on the screening of small molecular biomarker candidates in peripheral blood from rats with neuroinflammatory injury induced by whole-brain irradiation. Rats were exposed to 0, 10, 10×3 and 30 Gy of cobalt-60 γ rays. Serum was collected on the 30th day after exposure and analyzed using RPLC and HILIC coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry based upon untargeted metabolomics. Biomarker candidates were investigated by comparing the 0 Gy group and three irradiation groups using univariate statistical analysis, PCA and OPLS-DA. Eleven biomarker candidates were putatively identified and four major altered metabolic pathways were found. The screened small molecular biomarker candidates could be used as a useful supplement to traditional biomacromolecule markers, and may be valuable for radiation protection, target therapy of inflammatory injury, and discovery of new target drugs for the prevention and cure of related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianshuang Meng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Ma
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Arora S, Puri S, Bhambri N. "A designer diet layout for astronauts using a microbiome mediated approach.". FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6604380. [PMID: 35675219 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Astronauts undergo space travel to bring scientific information to benefit humanity under various missions of space agencies such as NASA, European Space Agency, Indian Space Research Organization etc. During space missions, they encounter several stressors namely microgravity, fluid shifts, cosmic radiation, sleep deprivation and alteration in the circadian rhythm perturbing the quality of sleep. In addition, confined spaces makes pathogen interaction more likely if a pathobiont gets introduced into spacecraft. Microbiota is the first line оf resistаnсe tо vаriоus disorders and diseаses. It direсtly influenсes the biосhemiсаl, рhysiоlоgiсаl, аnd immunоlоgiсаl раthwаys. 'Gut microbiota' is essential for maintenance of healthy gut barrier functions. 'Dysbiosis' refers to perturbation of microbiota which is correlated with several metabolic and psychological disorders. Microbial metabolites are implicated in maintenance of human health. Investigations conducted on astronauts in international space missions and on analog terrestrial models have indicated a 'dysbiosis' of the gut microbiota associated with spaceflights. 'Dysbiosis' of the gut microbiome observed in astronauts has been implicated in immune dysregulation and a probiotic enriched diet is proposed to restore immune homeostasis. This article not just summarizes the state of art research on dysbiosis of the gut microbiome of astronauts, but also a diet mediated correction plan to restore their health especially during long term space missions. A characterization of microbial metabolites of the gut to enable administration of astronaut specific probiotic, postbiotic or synbiotic to alleviate space associated dysbiosis is proposed. It is also recommended that astronauts maintain a balanced nutritious diet throughout life to promote a resilient microbiota that is not perturbed by space missions. Further, a bioregenerative life support system wherein a probiotic may be produced in space station is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Arora
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Energy Acres Building, Bidholi Dehradun, 248007 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Samikshha Puri
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Energy Acres Building, Bidholi Dehradun, 248007 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nitika Bhambri
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Energy Acres Building, Bidholi Dehradun, 248007 Uttarakhand, India
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Magenis ML, Damiani AP, Franca IB, de Marcos PS, Effting PS, Muller AP, de Bem Silveira G, Borges Correa MEA, Medeiros EB, Silveira PCL, Budni J, Boeck CR, de Andrade VM. Behavioral, genetic and biochemical changes in the brain of the offspring of female mice treated with caffeine during pregnancy and lactation. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 112:119-135. [PMID: 35868513 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The intrauterine environment is a critical location for exposure to exogenous and endogenous factors that trigger metabolic changes through fetal programming. Among the external factors, chemical compounds stand out, which include caffeine, since its consumption is common among women, including during pregnancy. Thereby, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the behavioral, genetic, and biochemical parameters in the offspring of female mice treated with caffeine during pregnancy and lactation. Swiss female mice (60 days old) received tap water or caffeine at 0.3 or 1.0 mg/mL during copulation (7 days), pregnancy (21 days) and lactation (21 days). After the end of the lactation period, the offspring were divided into groups (water, caffeine 0.3 or 1.0 mg/mL) with 20 animals (10 animals aged 30 days and 10 animals aged 60 days per group per sex). Initially, the offspring were submitted to behavioral tasks and then euthanized for genetic and biochemical analysis in the brain (cortex, striatum, and hippocampus). Behavioral changes in memory, depression, and anxiety were observed in the offspring: 30-day-old female offspring at 1.0 mg /mL dose presented anxiogenic behavior and male offspring the 0.3 mg/mL dose at 30 days of age did not alter long-term memory. Furthermore, an increase in DNA damage and oxidative stress in the brain were observed in the offspring of both sexes. Furthermore, there were changes in Ape-1, BAX, and Bcl-2 in the female offspring hippocampus at 30 days of life. Thus, with this study, we can suggest genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and behavioral changes caused by caffeine during pregnancy and lactation in the offspring that were not treated directly, but received through their mothers; thus, it is important to raise awareness regarding caffeine consumption among pregnant and lactating females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lummertz Magenis
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina - UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Adriani Paganini Damiani
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina - UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Ive Bahia Franca
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina - UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Pamela Souza de Marcos
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina - UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Pauline Souza Effting
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina - UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Pastoris Muller
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina - UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo de Bem Silveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina - UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Anastácio Borges Correa
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina - UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Behenck Medeiros
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina - UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Lock Silveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina - UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Josiane Budni
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina - UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Carina Rodrigues Boeck
- Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Franciscan University Center - UNIFRA, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Moraes de Andrade
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina - UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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D'Auria Vieira de Godoy PR, Nakamura A, Khavari AP, Sangsuwan T, Haghdoost S. Effect of dose and dose rate of gamma irradiation on the formation of micronuclei in bone marrow cells isolated from whole-body-irradiated mice. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2021; 62:422-427. [PMID: 34296472 DOI: 10.1002/em.22453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that the cytotoxicity and mutagenic effects of high dose rate (HDR) ionizing radiation (IR) are increased by increasing the dose but less is known about the effects of chronic low dose rate (LDR). In vitro, we have shown that in addition to the immediate interaction of IR with DNA (the direct and indirect effects), low doses and chronic LDR exposure induce endogenous oxidative stress. During elevated oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) react with DNA modifying its structure. Here, BL6 mice were exposed to IR at LDR and HDR and were then sacrificed 3 hours and 3 weeks after exposure to examine early and late effects of IR. The levels of micronuclei, MN, were determined in bone marrow cells. Our data indicate that the effects of 200 mGy on MN-induction are transient, but 500 and 1000 mGy (both HDR and LDR) lead to increased levels of MN up to 3 weeks after the exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayumi Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Pour Khavari
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Traimate Sangsuwan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- University of Caen Normandy, ARIA-CIMAP Laboratory, Campus Jules Horowitz, Caen, France
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An easy-to-use function to assess deep space radiation in human brains. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11687. [PMID: 34083566 PMCID: PMC8175378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90695-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Health risks from radiation exposure in space are an important factor for astronauts’ safety as they venture on long-duration missions to the Moon or Mars. It is important to assess the radiation level inside the human brain to evaluate the possible hazardous effects on the central nervous system especially during solar energetic particle (SEP) events. We use a realistic model of the head/brain structure and calculate the radiation deposit therein by realistic SEP events, also under various shielding scenarios. We then determine the relation between the radiation dose deposited in different parts of the brain and the properties of the SEP events and obtain some simple and ready-to-use functions which can be used to quickly and reliably forecast the event dose in the brain. Such a novel tool can be used from fast nowcasting of the consequences of SEP events to optimization of shielding systems and other mitigation strategies of astronauts in space.
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Ritter GS, Nikolin VP, Popova NA, Proskurina AS, Kisaretova PE, Taranov OS, Dubatolova TD, E V Dolgova EV, Potter EA, Kirikovich SS, Efremov YR, Bayborodin SI, Romanenko MV, Meschaninova MI, Venyaminova AG, Kolchanov NA, Bogachev SS. [Characteristic of the active substance of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae preparation having radioprotective properties]. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 24:643-652. [PMID: 33659850 PMCID: PMC7716560 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper describes some biological features of the radioprotective effect of double-stranded RNA preparation. It was found that yeast RNA preparation has a prolonged radioprotective effect after irradiation by a lethal dose of 9.4 Gy. 100 % of animals survive on the 70th day of observation when irradiated 1 hour or 4 days after 7 mg RNA preparation injection, 60 % animals survive when irradiated on day 8 or 12. Time parameters of repair of double-stranded breaks induced by gamma rays were estimated. It was found that the injection of the RNA preparation at the time of maximum number of double-stranded breaks, 1 hour after irradiation, reduces the efficacy of radioprotective action compared with the injection 1 hour before irradiation and 4 hours after irradiation. A comparison of the radioprotective effect of the standard radioprotector B-190 and the RNA preparation was made in one experiment. It has been established that the total RNA preparation is more efficacious than B-190. Survival on the 40th day after irradiation was 78 % for the group of mice treated with the RNA preparation and 67 % for those treated with B-190. In the course of analytical studies of the total yeast RNA preparation, it was found that the preparation is a mixture of single-stranded and double-stranded RNA. It was shown that only double-stranded RNA has radioprotective properties. Injection of 160 μg double-stranded RNA protects 100 % of the experimental animals from an absolutely lethal dose of gamma radiation, 9.4 Gy. It was established that the radioprotective effect of double-stranded RNA does not depend on sequence, but depends on its double-stranded form and the presence of "open" ends of the molecule. It is supposed that the radioprotective effect of double-stranded RNA is associated with the participation of RNA molecules in the correct repair of radiation-damaged chromatin in blood stem cells. The hematopoietic pluripotent cells that have survived migrate to the periphery, reach the spleen and actively proliferate. The newly formed cell population restores the hematopoietic and immune systems, which determines the survival of lethally irradiated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Ritter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V P Nikolin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N A Popova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A S Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - P E Kisaretova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - O S Taranov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - T D Dubatolova
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E V E V Dolgova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E A Potter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S S Kirikovich
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Y R Efremov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S I Bayborodin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - M I Meschaninova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A G Venyaminova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N A Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S S Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Du Y, Sun H, Lux F, Xie Y, Du L, Xu C, Zhang H, He N, Wang J, Liu Y, Leduc G, Doussineau T, Ji K, Wang Q, Lin Z, Wang Y, Liu Q, Tillement O. Radiosensitization Effect of AGuIX, a Gadolinium-Based Nanoparticle, in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:56874-56885. [PMID: 33326207 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the main treatment for cancer patients. A major concern in radiotherapy is the radiation resistance of some tumors, such as human nonsmall cell lung cancer. However, the radiation dose delivered to the tumors is often limited by the possibility of collateral damage to surrounding healthy tissues. A new and efficient gadolinium-based nanoparticle, AGuIX, has recently been developed for magnetic resonance imaging-guided radiotherapy and has been proven to act as an efficient radiosensitizer. The amplified radiation effects of AGuIX nanoparticles appear to be due to the emission of low-energy photoelectrons and Auger electron interactions. We demonstrated that AGuIX nanoparticles exacerbated radiation-induced DNA double-strand break damage and reduced DNA repair in the H1299 nonsmall cell lung cancer cell line. Furthermore, we observed a significant improvement in tumor cell damage and growth suppression, under radiation therapy, with the AGuIX nanoparticles in a H1299 mouse xenograft model. This study paves the way for research into the radiosensitization mechanism of AGuIX nanoparticles and provides a scientific basis for the use of AGuIX nanoparticles as radiosensitizing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Du
- Institute of Radiation Medicine& Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300192 Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 300011 Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Institute of Radiation Medicine& Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300192 Tianjin, China
| | - François Lux
- Institute Light and Mater, UMR5306, Lyon1 University-CNRS, Lyon University, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- NH TherAguix, NH TherAguix SAS, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yi Xie
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Liqing Du
- Institute of Radiation Medicine& Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300192 Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine& Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300192 Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Ningning He
- Institute of Radiation Medicine& Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300192 Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine& Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300192 Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine& Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300192 Tianjin, China
| | | | | | - Kaihua Ji
- Institute of Radiation Medicine& Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300192 Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine& Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300192 Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- NH TherAguix, NH TherAguix SAS, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine& Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300192 Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine& Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300192 Tianjin, China
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Institute Light and Mater, UMR5306, Lyon1 University-CNRS, Lyon University, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- NH TherAguix, NH TherAguix SAS, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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12
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Liu G, Zeng Y, Lv T, Mao T, Wei Y, Jia S, Gou Y, Tao L. High-throughput preparation of radioprotective polymers via Hantzsch's reaction for in vivo X-ray damage determination. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6214. [PMID: 33277480 PMCID: PMC7718248 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioprotectors for acute injuries caused by large doses of ionizing radiation are vital to national security, public health and future development of humankind. Here, we develop a strategy to explore safe and efficient radioprotectors by combining Hantzsch's reaction, high-throughput methods and polymer chemistry. A water-soluble polymer with low-cytotoxicity and an excellent anti-radiation capability has been achieved. In in vivo experiments, this polymer is even better than amifostine, which is the only approved radioprotector for clinical applications, in effectively protecting zebrafish embryos from fatally large doses of ionizing radiation (80 Gy X-ray). A mechanistic study also reveals that the radioprotective ability of this polymer originates from its ability to efficiently prevent DNA damage due to high doses of radiation. This is an initial attempt to explore polymer radioprotectors via a multi-component reaction. It allows exploiting functional polymers and provides the underlying insights to guide the design of radioprotective polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tengfei Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Yen Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shunji Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanzi Gou
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Lei Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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13
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Ritter GS, Nikolin VP, Popova NA, Proskurina AS, Kisaretova PE, Taranov OS, Dubatolova TD, Dolgova EV, Potter EA, Kirikovich SS, Efremov YR, Bayborodin SI, Romanenko MV, Meschaninova MI, Venyaminova AG, Kolchanov NA, Shurdov MA, Bogachev SS. Characterization of biological peculiarities of the radioprotective activity of double-stranded RNA isolated from Saccharomyces сerevisiae. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1173-1191. [PMID: 32658564 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1793020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
THE PURPOSE OF THE ARTICLE Protection from ionizing radiation is the most important component in the curing malignant neoplasms, servicing atomic reactors, and resolving the situations associated with uncontrolled radioactive pollutions. In this regard, discovering new effective radioprotectors as well as novel principles of protecting living organisms from high-dose radiation is the most important factor, determining the new approaches in medical and technical usage of radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental animals were irradiated on the γ-emitter (Cs137) with a dose of 9.4 Gy. Radioprotective properties of several agents (total RNA, single-stranded RNA, double-stranded RNA and B-190) were estimated by the survival/death rates of experimental animals within 30-90 d. Pathomorphological examination of internal organs end electron microscope assay was done on days 9-12 after irradiation. Cloning and other molecular procedures were performed accordingly to commonly accepted protocols. For assessment of the internalization of labeled nucleic acid, bone marrow cells were incubated with double-stranded RNA labeled with 6-FAM fluorescent dye. Cells with internalized double-stranded RNA were assayed using Axio Imager M1 microscope. In the other experiment, bone marrow cells after incubation with double-stranded RNA were stained with Cy5-labeled anti-CD34 antibodies and assayed using Axioskop 2 microscope. RESULTS In this study, several biological features of the radioprotective action of double-stranded RNA are characterized. It was shown that 160 µg of the double-stranded RNA per mouse protect experimental animals from the absolutely lethal dose of γ-radiation of 9.4 Gy. In different experiments, 80-100% of irradiated animals survive and live until their natural death. Radioprotective properties of double-stranded RNA were found to be independent on its sequence, but strictly dependent on its double-stranded form. Moreover, double-stranded RNA must have 'open' ends of the molecule to exert its radioprotective activity. CONCLUSIONS Experiments indicate that radioprotective effect of double-stranded RNA is tightly bound to its internalization into hematopoietic stem cells, which further repopulate the spleen parenchyma of irradiated mice. Actively proliferating progenitors form the splenic colonies, which further serve as the basis for restoration of hematopoiesis and immune function and determine the survival of animals received the lethal dose of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genrikh S Ritter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valeriy P Nikolin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nelly A Popova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia S Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Polina E Kisaretova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg S Taranov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Tatiana D Dubatolova
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenia V Dolgova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Potter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana S Kirikovich
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yaroslav R Efremov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey I Bayborodin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Maria I Meschaninova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Aliya G Venyaminova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Sergey S Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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14
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Godoy PRDV, Pour Khavari A, Rizzo M, Sakamoto-Hojo ET, Haghdoost S. Targeting NRF2, Regulator of Antioxidant System, to Sensitize Glioblastoma Neurosphere Cells to Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2534643. [PMID: 32617133 PMCID: PMC7315280 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2534643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs), which are enriched in neurospheres, may be connected to the radioresistance of glioblastoma (GBM) due to their enhanced antioxidant defense and elevated DNA repair capacity. The aim was to evaluate the responses to different radiation qualities and to reduce radioresistance of U87MG cells, a GBM cell line. U87MG cells were cultured in a 3D model and irradiated with low (24 mGy/h) and high (0.39 Gy/min) dose rates of low LET gamma and high LET carbon ions (1-2 Gy/min). Thereafter, expression of proteins related to oxidative stress response, extracellular 8-oxo-dG, and neurospheres were determined. LD50 for carbon ions was significantly lower compared to LD50 of high and low dose rate gamma radiation. A significantly higher level of 8-oxo-dG was detected in the media of cells exposed to a low dose rate as compared to a high dose rate of gamma or carbon ions. A downregulation of oxidative stress proteins was also observed (NRF2, hMTH1, and SOD1). The NRF2 gene was knocked down by CRISPR/Cas9 in neurosphere cells, resulting in less self-renewal, more differentiated cells, and less proliferation capacity after irradiation with low and high dose rate gamma rays. Overall, U87MG glioma neurospheres presented differential responses to distinct radiation qualities and NRF2 plays an important role in cellular sensitivity to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R. D. V. Godoy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C, Zip Code: 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Zip Code: 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ali Pour Khavari
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C, Zip Code: 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marzia Rizzo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C, Zip Code: 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elza T. Sakamoto-Hojo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Zip Code: 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Zip Code: 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C, Zip Code: 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- University of Caen Normandy, UMR6252 CIMAP/LARIA team, Zip Code: 14076 Caen, France
- Advanced Resource Center for HADrontherapy in Europe (ARCHADE), Zip Code: 14000 Caen, France
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15
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Xu H, Liu Y, Li Y, Diao L, Xun Z, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Li D. RadAtlas 1.0: a knowledgebase focusing on radiation-associated genes. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:980-987. [PMID: 32338561 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1761567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Ionizing radiation has very complex biological effects, such as inducing damage to DNA and proteins, ionizing water molecules to produce toxic free radicals, and triggering genetic and somatic effects. Understanding the biomolecular response mechanism of radiation is very important for the prevention and treatment of radiation diseases. However, function information of these radiation-associated genes is hidden in numbers of scientific papers and databases, making it difficult to understand the response mechanism of ionizing radiation.Materials and methods: We collected radiation-associated genes by literature and database mining. Literature and database mining was performed on the basis of biomedical literature from PubMed and gene expression datasets from GEO respectively.Results: We built an ionizing radiation related knowledgebase RadAtlas 1.0 (http://biokb.ncpsb.org/radatlas), which contains 598 radiation-associated genes compiled from literature mining, and 611 potential radiation-associated genes collected from gene expression datasets by differential gene expression analysis. We also provide a user-friendly web interface that offers multiple search methods.Conclusions: RadAtlas collected a large amount of information about genes, biological processes, and pathways related to ionizing radiation. It is the first attempt to provide a comprehensive catalog of radiation-associated genes with literature evidence and potential radiation-associated genes with differential expression evidence. We believe that RadAtlas would be a helpful tool to understand the response mechanism to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyu Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
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16
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Murray V, Hardie ME, Gautam SD. Comparison of Different Methods to Determine the DNA Sequence Preference of Ionising Radiation-Induced DNA Damage. Genes (Basel) 2019; 11:genes11010008. [PMID: 31861886 PMCID: PMC7016695 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionising radiation (IR) is known to induce a wide variety of lesions in DNA. In this review, we compared three different techniques that examined the DNA sequence preference of IR-induced DNA damage at nucleotide resolution. These three techniques were: the linear amplification/polymerase stop assay, the end-labelling procedure, and Illumina next-generation genome-wide sequencing. The DNA sequence preference of IR-induced DNA damage was compared in purified DNA sequences including human genomic DNA. It was found that the DNA sequence preference of IR-induced DNA damage identified by the end-labelling procedure (that mainly detected single-strand breaks) and Illumina next-generation genome-wide sequencing (that mainly detected double-strand breaks) was at C nucleotides, while the linear amplification/polymerase stop assay (that mainly detected base damage) was at G nucleotides. A consensus sequence at the IR-induced DNA damage was found to be 5′-AGGC*C for the end-labelling technique, 5′-GGC*MH (where * is the cleavage site, M is A or C, H is any nucleotide except G) for the genome-wide technique, and 5′-GG* for the linear amplification/polymerase stop procedure. These three different approaches are important because they provide a deeper insight into the mechanism of action of IR-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Murray
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9385-2028; Fax: +61-2-9385-1483
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17
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Blagojevic D, Lee Y, Brede DA, Lind OC, Yakovlev I, Solhaug KA, Fossdal CG, Salbu B, Olsen JE. Comparative sensitivity to gamma radiation at the organismal, cell and DNA level in young plants of Norway spruce, Scots pine and Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTA 2019; 250:1567-1590. [PMID: 31372744 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Persistent DNA damage in gamma-exposed Norway spruce, Scots pine and Arabidopsis thaliana, but persistent adverse effects at the organismal and cellular level in the conifers only. Gamma radiation emitted from natural and anthropogenic sources may have strong negative impact on plants, especially at high dose rates. Although previous studies implied different sensitivity among species, information from comparative studies under standardized conditions is scarce. In this study, sensitivity to gamma radiation was compared in young seedlings of the conifers Scots pine and Norway spruce and the herbaceous Arabidopsis thaliana by exposure to 60Co gamma dose rates of 1-540 mGy h-1 for 144 h, as well as 360 h for A. thaliana. Consistent with slightly less prominent shoot apical meristem, in the conifers growth was significantly inhibited with increasing dose rate ≥ 40 mGy h-1. Post-irradiation, the conifers showed dose-rate-dependent inhibition of needle and root development consistent with increasingly disorganized apical meristems with increasing dose rate, visible damage and mortality after exposure to ≥ 40 mGy h-1. Regardless of gamma duration, A. thaliana showed no visible or histological damage or mortality, only delayed lateral root development after ≥ 100 mGy h-1 and slightly, but transiently delayed post-irradiation reproductive development after ≥ 400 mGy h-1. In all species dose-rate-dependent DNA damage occurred following ≥ 1-10 mGy h-1 and was still at a similar level at day 44 post-irradiation. In conclusion, the persistent DNA damage (possible genomic instability) following gamma exposure in all species may suggest that DNA repair is not necessarily mobilized more extensively in A. thaliana than in Norway spruce and Scots pine, and the far higher sensitivity at the organismal and cellular level in the conifers indicates lower tolerance to DNA damage than in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Blagojevic
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
- Centre of Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - YeonKyeong Lee
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
- Centre of Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Dag A Brede
- Centre of Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Ole Christian Lind
- Centre of Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Igor Yakovlev
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Asbjørn Solhaug
- Centre of Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Brit Salbu
- Centre of Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Jorunn E Olsen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway.
- Centre of Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway.
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18
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Klein S, Smuda M, Harreiß C, Menter C, Distel LVR, Kryschi C. Bifunctional Au-Fe 3O 4 Nanoheterodimers Acting as X-ray Protector in Healthy Cells and as X-ray Enhancer in Tumor Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:39613-39623. [PMID: 31613607 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bifunctional Au-Fe3O4 nanoheterodimers were synthesized by thermally decomposing Fe(III)oleate on gold nanoparticles followed by functionalizing with tiron, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, or caffeic acid. These catechol derivatives are antioxidative and thus are predicted to function as superoxide scavengers. In particular, caffeic acid lost its antioxidant capacity, although it was covalently linked through its carboxyl moiety to the Fe3O4 surface. Tiron was shown to bind via its catechol group to the Au-Fe3O4 nanoheterodimers, and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic was just physisorbed between the oleic acid surface structures. Caffeic-acid stabilized Au-Fe3O4 nanoheterodimers turned out to act as X-ray protector in healthy cells but as X-ray enhancing agents in cancer cells. Furthermore, these functionalized Au-Fe3O4 nanoheterodimers were found to inhibit the migratory capacity of the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Klein
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Physical Chemistry I and ICMM , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen , Egerlandstraße 3 , D-91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Matthias Smuda
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Physical Chemistry I and ICMM , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen , Egerlandstraße 3 , D-91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Christina Harreiß
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Physical Chemistry I and ICMM , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen , Egerlandstraße 3 , D-91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Christina Menter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Physical Chemistry I and ICMM , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen , Egerlandstraße 3 , D-91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Luitpold V R Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen , Universitätsstraße 27 , D-91054 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Carola Kryschi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Physical Chemistry I and ICMM , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen , Egerlandstraße 3 , D-91058 Erlangen , Germany
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19
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Hardie ME, Murray V. The sequence preference of gamma radiation-induced DNA damage as determined by a polymerase stop assay. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1613-1626. [PMID: 31498026 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1665216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this paper was to investigate the sequence preference of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA damage as assessed by a linear amplification/polymerase stop (LA/PS) assay. The LA/PS assay is able to detect a wide range of IR-induced DNA lesions and this technique was utilized to quantitatively determine the preferential sites of gamma irradiation-induced DNA lesions in three different DNA sequences.Materials and methods: This analysis was performed on an automated DNA sequencer with capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence detection.Results: The main outcome of this study was that G nucleotides were preferentially found at IR-induced polymerase stop sites. The individual nucleotides at the IR-induced DNA damage sites were analyzed and a consensus sequence of 5'-GG* (where * indicates the damaged nucleotide) was observed. In a separate method of analysis, the dinucleotides and trinucleotides at the IR-induced DNA damage sites were examined and 5'-GG* and 5'-G*G dinucleotides and 5'-GG*G trinucleotides were found to be the most prevalent. The use of the LA/PS assay permits a large number of IR-induced DNA lesions to be detected in the one procedure including: double- and single-strand breaks, apurinic/apyrimidinic sites and base damage.Conclusions: It was concluded that 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (Fapy-G) and the degradation products of 8-oxoG were possibly the main lesions detected. To our knowledge, this is the first occasion that the DNA sequence preference of IR-induced DNA damage as detected by a LA/PS assay has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Hardie
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vincent Murray
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Sustained DDB-2 and TRX transcriptional response of quercetin-treated lymphocytes exposed to Co-60 radiation. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Dini V, Belli M, Tabocchini MA. Targeting cancer stem cells: protons versus photons. Br J Radiol 2019; 93:20190225. [PMID: 31432694 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on cancer stem cells revealed they are tumorigenic and able to recapitulate the characteristics of the tumour from which they derive, so that it was suggested that elimination of this population is essential to prevent recurrences after any treatment. However, there is evidence that cancer stem cells are inherently resistant to conventional (photon) radiotherapy. Since the use of proton beam therapy in cancer treatment is growing rapidly worldwide, mainly because of their excellent dosimetric properties, the possibility could be considered that they also have biological advantages through preferential elimination of cancer stem cells.Indeed, a review of preclinical data suggest that protons and photons differ in their biological effects on cancer stem cells, with protons offering potential advantages, although the heterogeneity of cancer stem cells and the different proton irradiation modalities make the comparison of the results not so easy. Further research to understand the mechanisms underlying such effects is important for their possible exploitation in clinics and to perform proton beam therapy optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Dini
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS) and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Belli
- Independent researcher, Italy (formerly Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy)
| | - Maria Antonella Tabocchini
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS) and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Roma 1, Rome, Italy
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22
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Yao X, Zhai M, Zhou L, Yang L. Protective effects of SND1 in retinal photoreceptor cell damage induced by ionizing radiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:919-925. [PMID: 31084926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1 (SND1) has multiple functions in a variety of cellular processes. Here, we assessed the effects of SND1 in cellular DNA damage after ionizing radiation (IR). Knocking down SND1 in the mouse-derived photoreceptor 661 W cell line markedly inhibited cell proliferation and increased apoptosis after IR treatment. After DNA damage, SND1 induced Ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) signaling to launch DNA repair. Defects of SND1 were associated with missing response to DNA damage signal to cell cycle checkpoints or DNA repair. The current findings reveal SND1 as a new regulatory factor in DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengying Zhai
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingyi Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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23
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Hardie ME, Gautam SD, Murray V. The genome-wide sequence preference of ionising radiation-induced cleavage in human DNA. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3731-3745. [PMID: 31037547 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
For ionising radiation (IR)-induced cellular toxicity, DNA cleavage is thought to be a crucial step. In this paper, the genome-wide DNA sequence preference of gamma radiation-induced cleavage was investigated in purified human DNA. We utilised Illumina short read technology and over 80 million double-strand breaks (DSBs) were analysed in this study. The frequency of occurrence of individual nucleotides at the 50,000 most frequently cleaved sites was calculated and C nucleotides were found to be most prevalent at the cleavage site, followed by G and T, with A being the least prevalent. 5'-C*C and 5'-CC* dinucleotides (where * is the cleavage site) were found to be the present at the highest frequency at the cleavage site; while it was 5'-CC*C for trinucleotides and 5'-GCC*C and 5'-CC*CC for tetranucleotides. The frequency of occurrence of individual nucleotides at the most frequently cleaved sites was determined and the nucleotides in the sequence 5'-GGC*MH (where M is A or C, H is any nucleotide except G) were found to occur most frequently for DNA that was treated with endonuclease IV (to remove blocking 3'-phosphoglycolate termini); and 5'-GSC*MH (where S is G or C) for non-endonuclease IV-treated DNA. It was concluded that GC-rich sequences were preferentially targeted for cleavage by gamma irradiation. This was the first occasion that an extensive examination of the genome-wide DNA sequence preference of IR-induced DSBs has been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Hardie
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shweta D Gautam
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Vincent Murray
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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24
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Rodriguez C, Carpano M, Curotto P, Thorp S, Casal M, Juvenal G, Pisarev M, Dagrosa MA. In vitro studies of DNA damage and repair mechanisms induced by BNCT in a poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma cell line. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2018; 57:143-152. [PMID: 29453554 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-017-0729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for aggressive tumors is based on nuclear reaction [10B (n, α) 7Li]. Previously, we demonstrated that BNCT could be applied for the treatment of undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma. The aim of the present study was to describe the DNA damage pattern and the repair pathways that are activated by BNCT in thyroid cells. We analyzed γH2AX foci and the expression of Ku70, Rad51 and Rad54, main effector enzymes of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathways, respectively, in thyroid follicular carcinoma cells. The studied groups were: (1) C [no irradiation], (2) gamma [60Co source], (3) N [neutron beam alone], (4) BNCT [neutron beam plus 10 µg 10B/ml of boronphenylalanine (10BPA)]. The total absorbed dose was always 3 Gy. The results showed that the number of nuclear γH2AX foci was higher in the gamma group than in the N and BNCT groups (30 min-24 h) (p < 0.001). However, the focus size was significantly larger in BNCT compared to other groups (p < 0.01). The analysis of repair enzymes showed a significant increase in Rad51 and Rad54 mRNA at 4 and 6 h, respectively; in both N and BNCT groups and the expression of Ku70 did not show significant differences between groups. These findings are consistent with an activation of HRR mechanism in thyroid cells. A melanoma cell line showed different DNA damage pattern and activation of both repair pathways. These results will allow us to evaluate different blocking points, to potentiate the damage induced by BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rodriguez
- Radiobiology Department (CAC, CNEA), 1499 Gral Paz Av, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Carpano
- Radiobiology Department (CAC, CNEA), 1499 Gral Paz Av, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Curotto
- RA-3-Investigation and Production Reactors (CAE, CNEA), 15 Presbítero González y Aragón Rd, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Thorp
- Instrumentation and Control Department (CAE, CNEA), 15 Presbítero González y Aragón Rd, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Casal
- Oncology Institute "Ángel H. Roffo"-University of Buenos Aires, 5481 San Martín Av, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Juvenal
- Radiobiology Department (CAC, CNEA), 1499 Gral Paz Av, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Scientific and Technical Research National Council (CONICET), 1917 Rivadavia St, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Pisarev
- Radiobiology Department (CAC, CNEA), 1499 Gral Paz Av, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Scientific and Technical Research National Council (CONICET), 1917 Rivadavia St, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M A Dagrosa
- Radiobiology Department (CAC, CNEA), 1499 Gral Paz Av, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Scientific and Technical Research National Council (CONICET), 1917 Rivadavia St, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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25
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Cortese F, Klokov D, Osipov A, Stefaniak J, Moskalev A, Schastnaya J, Cantor C, Aliper A, Mamoshina P, Ushakov I, Sapetsky A, Vanhaelen Q, Alchinova I, Karganov M, Kovalchuk O, Wilkins R, Shtemberg A, Moreels M, Baatout S, Izumchenko E, de Magalhães JP, Artemov AV, Costes SV, Beheshti A, Mao XW, Pecaut MJ, Kaminskiy D, Ozerov IV, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Zhavoronkov A. Vive la radiorésistance!: converging research in radiobiology and biogerontology to enhance human radioresistance for deep space exploration and colonization. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14692-14722. [PMID: 29581875 PMCID: PMC5865701 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While many efforts have been made to pave the way toward human space colonization, little consideration has been given to the methods of protecting spacefarers against harsh cosmic and local radioactive environments and the high costs associated with protection from the deleterious physiological effects of exposure to high-Linear energy transfer (high-LET) radiation. Herein, we lay the foundations of a roadmap toward enhancing human radioresistance for the purposes of deep space colonization and exploration. We outline future research directions toward the goal of enhancing human radioresistance, including upregulation of endogenous repair and radioprotective mechanisms, possible leeways into gene therapy in order to enhance radioresistance via the translation of exogenous and engineered DNA repair and radioprotective mechanisms, the substitution of organic molecules with fortified isoforms, and methods of slowing metabolic activity while preserving cognitive function. We conclude by presenting the known associations between radioresistance and longevity, and articulating the position that enhancing human radioresistance is likely to extend the healthspan of human spacefarers as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cortese
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dmitry Klokov
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreyan Osipov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Jakub Stefaniak
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology and Gerontology, Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jane Schastnaya
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles Cantor
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Aliper
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, D. Rogachev Federal Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Mamoshina
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Computer Science Department, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Igor Ushakov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alex Sapetsky
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Quentin Vanhaelen
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Irina Alchinova
- Laboratory of Physicochemical and Ecological Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute for Space Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Karganov
- Laboratory of Physicochemical and Ecological Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Canada Cancer and Aging Research Laboratories, Ltd., Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ruth Wilkins
- Environmental and Radiation and Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrey Shtemberg
- Laboratory of Extreme Physiology, Institute of Medical and Biological Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marjan Moreels
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Artem V. Artemov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Afshin Beheshti
- Wyle Laboratories, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiao Wen Mao
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Michael J. Pecaut
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Dmitry Kaminskiy
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Deep Knowledge Life Sciences, London, UK
| | - Ivan V. Ozerov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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26
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Gautam SD, Hardie ME, Murray V. The Sequence Preference of Gamma-Radiation-Induced Damage in End-Labeled DNA after Heat Treatment. Radiat Res 2017; 189:238-250. [PMID: 29286256 DOI: 10.1667/rr14886.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we examined the DNA sequence preference of gamma-radiation-induced DNA damage in purified DNA sequences after heat treatment. DNA was fluorescently end-labeled and gamma-radiation-induced DNA cleavage was examined using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Our findings provide evidence that gamma-radiation-induced DNA damage to end-labeled DNA is nonrandom and has a sequence preference. The degree of cleavage was quantified at each nucleotide, and we observed that preferential cleavage occurred at C nucleotides with lesser cleavage at G nucleotides, while being very low at T nucleotides. The differences in percentage cleavage at individual nucleotides ranged up to sixfold. The DNA sequences surrounding the most intense radiation-induced DNA cleavage sites were examined and a consensus sequence 5'-AGGC*C (where C* is the cleavage site) was found. The highest intensity gamma-radiation-induced DNA cleavage sites were found at the dinucleotides, 5'-GG*, 5'-GC*, 5'-C*C and 5'-G*G and at the trinucleotides, 5'-GG*C, 5'-TC*A, 5'-GG*G and 5'-GC*C. These findings have implications for our understanding of ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta D Gautam
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Megan E Hardie
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Vincent Murray
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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27
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Ribeiro HL, Maia ARS, de Oliveira RTG, Costa MB, Farias IR, de Paula Borges D, de Sousa JC, Magalhães SMM, Pinheiro RF. DNA repair gene expressions are related to bone marrow cellularity in myelodysplastic syndrome. J Clin Pathol 2017; 70:970-980. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate the expression of genes related to nuclear excision (ERCC8, XPA and XPC), homologous recombination and non-homologous end-joining (ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2 and LIG4) repair mechanisms, using quantitative PCR methodologies, and it relation with bone marrow cellularity in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).Methods and resultsA total of 51 adult de novo patients with MDS (3 refractory anaemia (RA), 11 refractory anaemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS), 28 refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD), 3 refractory anaemia with excess blasts type I (RAEB-I), 5 refractory anaemia with excess blasts type II (RAEB-II), and 1 chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) were evaluated. For karyotype, 16.2% patients were defined as very low prognosis, 59.5% low risk, 8.1% intermediate risk, 5.4% high risk and 10.8% very high risk. For bone marrow cellularity, 17.6%, 17.6% and 64.7% presented as hypocellular, normocellular and hypercellular, respectively. Patients with hypocellular MDS had significantly decreased expression of ATM (p=0.000), BRCA1 (p=0.014), BRCA2 (p=0.003), LIG4 (p=0.004) and ERCC8 (p=0.000) than those with normocellular/hypercellular bone marrow, whereas XPA (p=0.049) and XPC (p=0.000) genes were increased. In patients with hypoplastic MDS, a low expression of ATM (p=0.0268), LIG4 (p=0.0199) and ERCC8 (p=0.0493) was significantly associated with the presence of chromosomal abnormalities. We detected positive correlations between BRCA1 and BRCA2 (r=0.416; p=0.007), ATM and LIG4 (r=0.472; p=0.001), LIG4 and BRCA1 (r=0.333; p=0.026), LIG4 and BRCA2 (r=0.334; p=0.025), ATM and XPA (r=0.377; p=0.008), ATM and XPC (r=0.287; p=0.046), LIG4 and XPC (r=0.371; p=0.007) and XPA and XPC genes (r=0.895; p=0.0000). We also found among all patients evaluated that correlation with LIG4 occurred most often.ConclusionsThese correlations demonstrate the important intrinsic relations between single and double DNA strand breaks genes in MDS, emphasising that these genes are related to MDS pathogenesis.
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28
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Influence of functional polymorphisms in DNA repair genes of myelodysplastic syndrome. Leuk Res 2016; 48:62-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Štefančíková L, Lacombe S, Salado D, Porcel E, Pagáčová E, Tillement O, Lux F, Depeš D, Kozubek S, Falk M. Effect of gadolinium-based nanoparticles on nuclear DNA damage and repair in glioblastoma tumor cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:63. [PMID: 27464501 PMCID: PMC4964094 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor targeting of radiotherapy represents a great challenge. The addition of multimodal nanoparticles, such as 3 nm gadolinium-based nanoparticles (GdBNs), has been proposed as a promising strategy to amplify the effects of radiation in tumors and improve diagnostics using the same agents. This singular property named theranostic is a unique advantage of GdBNs. It has been established that the amplification of radiation effects by GdBNs appears due to fast electronic processes. However, the influence of these nanoparticles on cells is not yet understood. In particular, it remains dubious how nanoparticles activated by ionizing radiation interact with cells and their constituents. A crucial question remains open of whether damage to the nucleus is necessary for the radiosensitization exerted by GdBNs (and other nanoparticles). Methods We studied the effect of GdBNs on the induction and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the nuclear DNA of U87 tumor cells irradiated with γ-rays. For this purpose, we used currently the most sensitive method of DSBs detection based on high-resolution confocal fluorescence microscopy coupled with immunodetection of two independent DSBs markers. Results We show that, in the conditions where GdBNs amplify radiation effects, they remain localized in the cytoplasm, i.e. do not penetrate into the nucleus. In addition, the presence of GdBNs in the cytoplasm neither increases induction of DSBs by γ-rays in the nuclear DNA nor affects their consequent repair. Conclusions Our results suggest that the radiosensitization mediated by GdBNs is a cytoplasmic event that is independent of the nuclear DNA breakage, a phenomenon commonly accepted as the explanation of biological radiation effects. Considering our earlier recognized colocalization of GdBNs with the lysosomes and endosomes, we revolutionary hypothesize here about these organelles as potential targets for (some) nanoparticles. If confirmed, this finding of cytoplasmically determined radiosensitization opens new perspectives of using nano-radioenhancers to improve radiotherapy without escalating the risk of pathologies related to genetic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Štefančíková
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Institute des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris Sud 11, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Bât 351, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France.
| | - Sandrine Lacombe
- Institute des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris Sud 11, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Bât 351, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Daniela Salado
- Institute des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris Sud 11, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Bât 351, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Erika Porcel
- Institute des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris Sud 11, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Bât 351, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Eva Pagáčová
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - François Lux
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Depeš
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kozubek
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Falk
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic.
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30
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Delp MD, Charvat JM, Limoli CL, Globus RK, Ghosh P. Apollo Lunar Astronauts Show Higher Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: Possible Deep Space Radiation Effects on the Vascular Endothelium. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29901. [PMID: 27467019 PMCID: PMC4964660 DOI: 10.1038/srep29901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As multiple spacefaring nations contemplate extended manned missions to Mars and the Moon, health risks could be elevated as travel goes beyond the Earth's protective magnetosphere into the more intense deep space radiation environment. The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether mortality rates due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, accidents and all other causes of death differ in (1) astronauts who never flew orbital missions in space, (2) astronauts who flew only in low Earth orbit (LEO), and (3) Apollo lunar astronauts, the only humans to have traveled beyond Earth's magnetosphere. Results show there were no differences in CVD mortality rate between non-flight (9%) and LEO (11%) astronauts. However, the CVD mortality rate among Apollo lunar astronauts (43%) was 4-5 times higher than in non-flight and LEO astronauts. To test a possible mechanistic basis for these findings, a secondary purpose was to determine the long-term effects of simulated weightlessness and space-relevant total-body irradiation on vascular responsiveness in mice. The results demonstrate that space-relevant irradiation induces a sustained vascular endothelial cell dysfunction. Such impairment is known to lead to occlusive artery disease, and may be an important risk factor for CVD among astronauts exposed to deep space radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Delp
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jacqueline M. Charvat
- Wyle Science, Technology and Engineering Group, Johnson Space Center, Houston TX 77058, USA
| | - Charles L. Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ruth K. Globus
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Payal Ghosh
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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31
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Manu K, Leyon P, Kuttan G. Studies on the Protective Effects of Boerhaavia diffusa L. Against Gamma Radiation—Induced Damage in Mice. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 6:381-8. [DOI: 10.1177/1534735407309743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The radioprotective effect of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Boerhaavia diffusa was studied using the in vivo mice model. The sublethally irradiated mice (600 rads, single dose) were treated intraperitoneally with 20 mg/kg of the extract. The animals were sacrificed at different time periods after the whole-body radiation. The most affected tissues—bone marrow and intestine—were considerably protected by the intraperitoneal administration of B. diffusa as estimated by bone marrow cellularity, maturing monocytes, and intestinal glutathione. Total white blood cell count was lowered drastically after radiation exposure (ninth day, 1500 ± 500 cells/ mm3). When the animals were exposed to radiation and treated with B. diffusa, the total white blood cell count was lowered only to 4000 ± 400 cells/mm3 on the third day, and it reached an almost normal level (6250 ± 470 cells/mm 3) by the ninth day. The elevated level of serum and liver alkaline phosphatase after radiation exposure was reduced in the B. diffusa—treated group. The serum and liver glutamate pyruvate transferase, which were elevated after radiation exposure, were also reduced by treatment with B. diffusa compared to the control. The lipid peroxidation level also increased in the irradiated animals both in the liver and serum, but in B. diffusa —treated animals, there was a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation levels. The agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA isolated from bone marrow of mice exposed to gamma radiation showed heavy damage that was reduced by treatment with B. diffusa. These results are indicative of the radioprotective effect of the whole-plant extract of B. diffusa.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.A. Manu
- Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Kerala State, India
| | - P.V. Leyon
- Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Kerala State, India
| | - Girija Kuttan
- Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Kerala State, India,
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Fan B, Li FQ, Song JY, Chen X, Li GY. Inhibition of mTOR signaling protects photoreceptor cells against serum deprivation by reducing oxidative stress and inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3771-8. [PMID: 27035647 PMCID: PMC4838145 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a crucial cellular signaling hub, which integrates internal and external cues to modulate the cell cycle, protein synthesis and metabolism. The present study hypothesized that inhibiting mTOR signaling may induce cells to enter lower and more stable bioenergetic states, in which neurons have greater resistance to various insults. Neurotrophin withdrawal from photoreceptor cells (661W cells) was mimicked using serum deprivation, and the neuroprotective mechanisms were studied following suppression of the mTOR pathway. Treatment with an mTOR specific inhibitor, rapamycin, reduced intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species, suppressed oxidative stress, and attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, inhibiting mTOR signaling induced a G2/M cell cycle arrest, thus providing an opportunity to repair damaged DNA and block the cell death cascade. These results suggested that inhibition of mTOR had a neuroprotective effect on serum-deprived 661W cells. In conclusion, the mTOR pathway is a critical molecular signal for cell cycle regulation and energy metabolism, and inhibiting the mTOR pathway may attenuate neurotrophin withdrawal-induced damage. These observations may provide evidence for the treatment of retinal degenerative disease, since inducing neurons into a lower and more stable bioenergetic state by blocking mTOR signaling may slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Qaing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Yao Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Yu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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Ghosh P, Behnke BJ, Stabley JN, Kilar CR, Park Y, Narayanan A, Alwood JS, Shirazi-Fard Y, Schreurs AS, Globus RK, Delp MD. Effects of High-LET Radiation Exposure and Hindlimb Unloading on Skeletal Muscle Resistance Artery Vasomotor Properties and Cancellous Bone Microarchitecture in Mice. Radiat Res 2016; 185:257-66. [PMID: 26930379 DOI: 10.1667/rr4308.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Weightlessness during spaceflight leads to functional changes in resistance arteries and loss of cancellous bone, which may be potentiated by radiation exposure. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of hindlimb unloading (HU) and total-body irradiation (TBI) on the vasomotor responses of skeletal muscle arteries. Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to control, HU (13-16 days), TBI (1 Gy (56)Fe, 600 MeV, 10 cGy/min) and HU-TBI groups. Gastrocnemius muscle feed arteries were isolated for in vitro study. Endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and -independent (Dea-NONOate) vasodilator and vasoconstrictor (KCl, phenylephrine and myogenic) responses were evaluated. Arterial endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and xanthine oxidase (XO) protein content and tibial cancellous bone microarchitecture were quantified. Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilator responses were impaired in all groups relative to control, and acetylcholine-induced vasodilation was lower in the HU-TBI group relative to that in the HU and TBI groups. Reductions in endothelium-dependent vasodilation correlated with a lower cancellous bone volume fraction. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition abolished all group differences in endothelium-dependent vasodilation. HU and HU-TBI resulted in decreases in eNOS protein levels, while TBI and HU-TBI produced lower SOD-1 and higher XO protein content. Vasoconstrictor responses were not altered. Reductions in NO bioavailability (eNOS), lower anti-oxidant capacity (SOD-1) and higher pro-oxidant capacity (XO) may contribute to the deficits in NOS signaling in skeletal muscle resistance arteries. These findings suggest that the combination of insults experienced in spaceflight leads to impairment of vasodilator function in resistance arteries that is mediated through deficits in NOS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Ghosh
- a Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
| | - Brad J Behnke
- b Department of Kinesiology and the Johnson Cancer Research Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - John N Stabley
- c Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Cody R Kilar
- d Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Yoonjung Park
- e Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - Anand Narayanan
- f Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas 77807; and
| | - Joshua S Alwood
- g Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035
| | - Yasaman Shirazi-Fard
- g Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035
| | - Ann-Sofie Schreurs
- g Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035
| | - Ruth K Globus
- g Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035
| | - Michael D Delp
- a Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
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Jang WH, Shim S, Wang T, Yoon Y, Jang WS, Myung JK, Park S, Kim KH. In vivo characterization of early-stage radiation skin injury in a mouse model by two-photon microscopy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19216. [PMID: 26755422 PMCID: PMC4709756 DOI: 10.1038/srep19216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) injury is tissue damage caused by high energy electromagnetic waves such as X-ray and gamma ray. Diagnosis and treatment of IR injury are difficult due to its characteristics of clinically latent post-irradiation periods and the following successive and unpredictable inflammatory bursts. Skin is one of the many sensitive organs to IR and bears local injury upon exposure. Early-stage diagnosis of IR skin injury is essential in order to maximize treatment efficiency and to prevent the aggravation of IR injury. In this study, early-stage changes of the IR injured skin at the cellular level were characterized in an in vivo mouse model by two-photon microscopy (TPM). Various IR doses were applied to the mouse hind limbs and the injured skin regions were imaged daily for 6 days after IR irradiation. Changes in the morphology and distribution of the epidermal cells and damage of the sebaceous glands were observed before clinical symptoms. These results showed that TPM is sensitive to early-stage changes of IR skin injury and may be useful for its diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Hyuk Jang
- Divison of Integrative Biosciences &Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea
| | - Sehwan Shim
- National Radiation Emergency Medical Centre, Korea Cancer Centre Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological &Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Rep. of Korea
| | - Taejun Wang
- Divison of Integrative Biosciences &Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea
| | - Yeoreum Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea
| | - Won-Suk Jang
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Korea Cancer Centre Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological &Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Rep. of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Myung
- National Radiation Emergency Medical Centre, Korea Cancer Centre Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological &Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Rep. of Korea.,Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Korea Cancer Centre Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological &Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Rep. of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Centre Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological &Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Rep. of Korea
| | - Sunhoo Park
- National Radiation Emergency Medical Centre, Korea Cancer Centre Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological &Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Rep. of Korea.,Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Korea Cancer Centre Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological &Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Rep. of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Centre Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological &Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Rep. of Korea
| | - Ki Hean Kim
- Divison of Integrative Biosciences &Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea
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Kuroda S, Tam J, Roth JA, Sokolov K, Ramesh R. EGFR-targeted plasmonic magnetic nanoparticles suppress lung tumor growth by abrogating G2/M cell-cycle arrest and inducing DNA damage. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:3825-39. [PMID: 25143731 PMCID: PMC4134185 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s65990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously demonstrated the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted hybrid plasmonic magnetic nanoparticles (225-NP) produce a therapeutic effect in human lung cancer cell lines in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of 225-NP-mediated antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo using the EGFR-mutant HCC827 cell line. Methods The growth inhibitory effect of 225-NP on lung tumor cells was determined by cell viability and cell-cycle analysis. Protein expression related to autophagy, apoptosis, and DNA-damage were determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. An in vivo efficacy study was conducted using a human lung tumor xenograft mouse model. Results The 225-NP treatment markedly reduced tumor cell viability at 72 hours compared with the cell viability in control treatment groups. Cell-cycle analysis showed the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase was reduced when treated with 225-NP, with a concomitant increase in the number of cells in Sub-G1 phase, indicative of cell death. Western blotting showed LC3B and PARP cleavage, indicating 225-NP-treatment activated both autophagy- and apoptosis-mediated cell death. The 225-NP strongly induced γH2AX and phosphorylated histone H3, markers indicative of DNA damage and mitosis, respectively. Additionally, significant γH2AX foci formation was observed in 225-NP-treated cells compared with control treatment groups, suggesting 225-NP induced cell death by triggering DNA damage. The 225-NP-mediated DNA damage involved abrogation of the G2/M checkpoint by inhibiting BRCA1, Chk1, and phospho-Cdc2/CDK1 protein expression. In vivo therapy studies showed 225-NP treatment reduced EGFR phosphorylation, increased γH2AX foci, and induced tumor cell apoptosis, resulting in suppression of tumor growth. Conclusion The 225-NP treatment induces DNA damage and abrogates G2/M phase of the cell cycle, leading to cellular apoptosis and suppression of lung tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings provide a rationale for combining 225-NP with other DNA-damaging agents for achieving enhanced anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kuroda
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justina Tam
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack A Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Konstantin Sokolov
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA ; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA ; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Hwang JE, Ahn JW, Kwon SJ, Kim JB, Kim SH, Kang SY, Kim DS. Selection and molecular characterization of a high tocopherol accumulation rice mutant line induced by gamma irradiation. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:7671-81. [PMID: 25098603 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tocopherols are micronutrients with antioxidant properties. They are synthesized by photosynthetic bacteria and plants, and play important roles in animal and human nutrition. In this study, we isolated a new rice mutant line with elevated tocopherol content (MRXII) from an in vitro mutagenized population induced by gamma irradiation. The mutant exhibited greater seed longevity than the control, indicating a crucial role for tocopherols in maintaining viability during quiescence, and displayed faster seedling growth during the early growth stage. To study the molecular mechanism underlying vitamin E biosynthesis, we examined the expression patterns of seven rice genes encoding vitamin E biosynthetic enzymes. Accumulation levels of the OsVTE2 transcript and OsVTE2 protein in the MRXII mutant were significantly higher than in the control. Sequence analysis revealed that the MRXII mutant harbored a point mutation in the OsVTE2 promoter region, which resulted in the generation of MYB transcription factor-binding cis-element. These results help identify the promoter regions that regulate OsVTE2 transcription, and offer insights into the regulation of tocopherol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Hwang
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1266 Sinjeong, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 580-185, Republic of Korea
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Xu W, Yang F, Shen X, Fan S, Liu Q, Wang D. Polysaccharide isolated from Parmelia tinctorum ameliorates ionizing irradiation-induced damage in mice. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2014; 55:641-647. [PMID: 24722682 PMCID: PMC4099985 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrt224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, WPT-A, a type of water-soluble homogeneous lichen polysaccharide, was isolated and purified from Parmelia tinctorum. We investigated whether WPT-A has radioprotective effects when administered before total-body irradiation (TBI). Mice were treated with WPT-A via intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) once per day for three consecutive days prior to 7, 7.5, 8.5, 10 or 10.5-Gy TBI. Our results indicated that the survival rate was enhanced at a range of levels of TBI. The calculated dose reduction factor (DRF) was 1.2. White blood cell (WBC) counts, spleen colony forming units (CFU-S) and bone marrow nucleated cell (BMNC) counts were used to investigate the radioprotective effects of WPT-A on the hematopoietic system. The treatment groups received WPT-A at 20, 50 and 80 mg/kg b.w. doses before 6.5-Gy TBI and showed significantly higher BMNC and WBC counts compared with the radiation-only group. The groups administered 50 and 80 mg/kg b.w. WPT-A showed a significant increase in CFU-S compared with the radiation-only group. We also carried out a single cell gel electrophoresis assay to explore the radioprotective effects of WPT-A on DNA damage. The results from single-cell gel electrophoresis of peripheral blood leukocytes showed that WPT-A attenuated radiation-induced DNA damage. These results indicate a potential use for WPT-A as a radioprotector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Fujun Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xiu Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Dezhi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
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Stickel S, Gomes N, Su TT. The Role of Translational Regulation in Survival after Radiation Damage; an Opportunity for Proteomics Analysis. Proteomes 2014; 2:272-290. [PMID: 26269784 PMCID: PMC4530795 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes2020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we will summarize the data from different model systems that illustrate the need for proteome-wide analyses of the biological consequences of ionizing radiation (IR). IR remains one of three main therapy choices for oncology, the others being surgery and chemotherapy. Understanding how cells and tissues respond to IR is essential for improving therapeutic regimes against cancer. Numerous studies demonstrating the changes in the transcriptome following exposure to IR, in diverse systems, can be found in the scientific literature. However, the limitation of our knowledge is illustrated by the fact that the number of transcripts that change after IR exposure is approximately an order of magnitude lower than the number of transcripts that re-localize to or from ribosomes under similar conditions. Furthermore, changes in the post-translational modifications of proteins (phosphorylation, acetylation as well as degradation) are profoundly important for the cellular response to IR. These considerations make proteomics a highly suitable tool for mechanistic studies of the effect of IR. Strikingly such studies remain outnumbered by those utilizing proteomics for diagnostic purposes such as the identification of biomarkers for the outcome of radiation therapy. Here we will discuss the role of the ribosome and translational regulation in the survival and preservation of cells and tissues after exposure to ionizing radiation. In doing so we hope to provide a strong incentive for the study of proteome-wide changes following IR exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Stickel
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; E-Mails: (S.S.); (N.G.)
| | - Nathan Gomes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; E-Mails: (S.S.); (N.G.)
- SuviCa, Inc. P O Box 3131, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Tin Tin Su
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; E-Mails: (S.S.); (N.G.)
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Hwang JE, Hwang SG, Kim SH, Lee KJ, Jang CS, Kim JB, Kim SH, Ha BK, Ahn JW, Kang SY, Kim DS. Transcriptome profiling in response to different types of ionizing radiation and identification of multiple radio marker genes in rice. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 150:604-19. [PMID: 24164326 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) affects gene expression from plant genomes. To monitor the genome-wide transcriptional changes induced by three types of IR, we used the rice Affymetrix GeneChip microarray to identify genes that are up- or down-regulated by gamma rays (GAs), cosmic rays (CRs) and ion beams (IBs). The overall expression patterns in rice seedlings generated from seeds exposed to GAs and IBs were similar but differed for CRs exposure. Expression profiles of genes involved in metabolic pathways and cellular response were identified using MapMan analysis. This result revealed that IRs induced gene expression related to sucrose-starch metabolisms; sugar and starch accumulation was significantly increased in response to three types of IR in rice. In addition, we compared the genes commonly up- or down-regulated by exposure to three types of IR and identified 53 candidate radio marker genes (RMGs) that were differentially regulated by radiation exposure but not by other stresses. Among these genes, we selected six RMGs commonly applicable to different types of IR by specific coexpression networks using the algorithm for the reconstruction of accurate cellular networks (aracne) and confirmed the expression of these genes by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Our results provided insight into the mechanisms of the responses to different types of IR and identified multiple marker genes to predict sensitivity to three types of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Hwang
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1266 Sinjeong, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea
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Hu Y, Hellweg CE, Baumstark-Khan C, Reitz G, Lau P. Cell cycle delay in murine pre-osteoblasts is more pronounced after exposure to high-LET compared to low-LET radiation. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2014; 53:73-81. [PMID: 24240273 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-013-0499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Space radiation contains a complex mixture of particles comprised primarily of protons and high-energy heavy ions. Radiation risk is considered one of the major health risks for astronauts who embark on both orbital and interplanetary space missions. Ionizing radiation dose-dependently kills cells, damages genetic material, and disturbs cell differentiation and function. The immediate response to ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage is stimulation of DNA repair machinery and activation of cell cycle regulatory checkpoints. To date, little is known about cell cycle regulation after exposure to space-relevant radiation, especially regarding bone-forming osteoblasts. Here, we assessed cell cycle regulation in the osteoblastic cell line OCT-1 after exposure to various types of space-relevant radiation. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of ionizing radiation was investigated regarding the biological endpoint of cellular survival ability. Cell cycle progression was examined following radiation exposure resulting in different RBE values calculated for a cellular survival level of 1 %. Our findings indicate that radiation with a linear energy transfer (LET) of 150 keV/μm was most effective in inducing reproductive cell killing by causing cell cycle arrest. Expression analyses indicated that cells exposed to ionizing radiation exhibited significantly up-regulated p21(CDKN1A) gene expression. In conclusion, our findings suggest that cell cycle regulation is more sensitive to high-LET radiation than cell survival, which is not solely regulated through elevated CDKN1A expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyuan Hu
- Division of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Hoehe, 51147, Cologne, Germany
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Jones JW, Scott AJ, Tudor G, Xu PT, Jackson IL, Vujaskovic Z, Booth C, MacVittie TJ, Ernst RK, Kane MA. Identification and quantitation of biomarkers for radiation-induced injury via mass spectrometry. HEALTH PHYSICS 2014; 106:106-19. [PMID: 24276554 PMCID: PMC3843144 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e3182a4ed3b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Biomarker identification and validation for radiation exposure is a rapidly expanding field encompassing the need for well defined animal models and advanced analytical techniques. The resources within the consortium, Medical Countermeasures Against Radiological Threats (MCART), provide a unique opportunity for accessing well defined animal models that simulate the key sequelae of the acute radiation syndrome and the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure. Likewise, the use of mass spectrometry-based analytical techniques for biomarker discovery and validation enables a robust analytical platform that is amenable to a variety of sample matrices and considered the benchmark for biomolecular identification and quantitation. Herein, the authors demonstrate the use of two targeted mass spectrometry approaches to link established MCART animal models to identified metabolite biomarkers. Circulating citrulline concentration was correlated to gross histological gastrointestinal tissue damage, and retinoic acid production in lung tissue was established to be reduced at early and late time points post high dose irradiation. Going forward, the use of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics coupled to well defined animal models provides the unique opportunity for comprehensive biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jace W. Jones
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alison J. Scott
- University of Maryland, School of Dentistry, Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Pu-Ting Xu
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Isabel L. Jackson
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zeljko Vujaskovic
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Thomas J. MacVittie
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- University of Maryland, School of Dentistry, Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Baltimore, MD
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD
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Godoy P, Mello S, Magalhães D, Donaires F, Nicolucci P, Donadi E, Passos G, Sakamoto-Hojo E. Ionizing radiation-induced gene expression changes in TP53 proficient and deficient glioblastoma cell lines. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 756:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Zhang M, Zhu R, Zhang M, Gao B, Sun D, Wang S. High-energy pulse-electron-beam-induced molecular and cellular damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Res Microbiol 2013; 164:100-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2012.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kalpana KB, Vishwanathan P, Thayalan K, Menon VP. Protective effect of dendrodoine analog, an aminothiazole derivative against X-radiation induced hepatocellular damage in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:832-840. [PMID: 23127424 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the radioprotective effect of dendrodoine analog (DA) against radiation-induced damage in the liver of mice. The study was divided into two phases; in the first phase, the effective concentration of DA was fixed by performing a survival study. In the second phase, the fixed effective concentration of DA was orally administered to mice to evaluate its radioprotective efficacy by performing various assays. The results indicated that the radiation-induced decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and comet parameters were altered by pre-administration with the effective concentration of DA which restored the antioxidant status to near normal and decreased the level of the TBARS and comet parameters. The histopathological examinations further confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of DA in mice. Thus, the current study showed DA to be an effective radioprotector against radiation induced damage in the liver of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Kalpana
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ramachandran L, Nair CKK. Prevention of γ-radiation induced cellular genotoxicity by tempol: protection of hematopoietic system. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:253-262. [PMID: 22609778 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tempol (TPL) under in vitro conditions reduced the extent of gamma radiation induced membrane lipid peroxidation and disappearance of covalently closed circular form of plasmid pBR322. TPL protected cellular DNA from radiation-induced damage in various tissues under ex vivo and in vivo conditions as evidenced by comet assay. TPL also prevented radiation induced micronuclei formation (in peripheral blood leucocytes) and chromosomal aberrations (in bone marrow cells) in whole body irradiated mice. TPL enhanced the rate of repair of cellular DNA (blood leucocytes and bone marrow cells) damage when administered immediately after radiation exposure as revealed from the increased Cellular DNA Repair Index (CRI). The studies thus provided compelling evidence to reveal the effectiveness of TPL to protect hematopoietic system from radiation injury.
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Chatterjee A, Diordieva I, Yumoto K, Globus RK, Bhattacharya S. Protein array profiling of mouse serum, six months post whole body radiation with (56)Fe. J Toxicol Sci 2012; 37:215-7. [PMID: 22293426 DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
To determine the chronic effects of heavy ion irradiation, an antibody based proteomic microarray technology was applied to monitor alterations in the serum proteome, six months after whole body irradiation of adult male C57Bl/6 mice with 0.5 Gray of (56)Fe. Out of 507 proteins, irradiation reduced expression of 25 proteins and enhanced expression of 12 proteins in serum (> 5% change relative to sham-irradiated controls). Of the 25 proteins found to be down-regulated, Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase (PARP) was 13% lower in the 0.5Gy mice and among the up-regulated proteins, beta-Tubulin was found to be 10% higher in the 0.5Gy group compared to the sham-irradiated 0Gy controls. Thus, irradiation with a relatively low dose of heavy ions caused persistent and selective changes in serum levels of proteins that are typically intracellular, suggesting chronic genotoxic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuran Chatterjee
- Space Biosciences Research Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffen Field, CA 94035, USA
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Beck M, Tabury K, Moreels M, Jacquet P, Van Oostveldt P, De Vos WH, Baatout S. Simulated microgravity decreases apoptosis in fetal fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:309-13. [PMID: 22614095 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Space travel is a major challenge for human beings. Especially, the mechanisms through which space conditions might alter animal development have been questioned for a long time. The two major physical stress factors that are of relevance in this context are space radiation and weightlessness. While it has been extensively shown that high doses of ionizing radiation induce deleterious effects on embryonic development, so far, little is known about the potential harmful effects of radiation in combination with microgravity on the developing organism. In the present study, we investigated the effects of simulated microgravity on irradiated STO mouse fetal fibroblast cells using a random positioning machine (RPM). Radiation-induced cell cycle changes were not affected when cells were subjected to simulated microgravity for 24 h. Moreover, no morphological differences were observed in irradiated samples exposed to simulated microgravity compared to cells that were exclusively irradiated. However, microgravity simulation significantly decreased the level of apoptosis at all doses as measured by caspase-3 activity and it prevented cells from undergoing radiation-induced size increase up to 1 Gy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Beck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
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Rana S, Kumar R, Sultana S, Sharma RK. Radiation-induced biomarkers for the detection and assessment of absorbed radiation doses. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2011; 2:189-96. [PMID: 21829314 PMCID: PMC3148623 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.68500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation incident involving living organisms is an uncommon but a very serious situation. The first step in medical management including triage is high-throughput assessment of the radiation dose received. Radiation exposure levels can be assessed from viability of cells, cellular organelles such as chromosome and different intermediate metabolites. Oxidative damages by ionizing radiation result in carcinogenesis, lowering of the immune response and, ultimately, damage to the hematopoietic system, gastrointestinal system and central nervous system. Biodosimetry is based on the measurement of the radiation-induced changes, which can correlate them with the absorbed dose. Radiation biomarkers such as chromosome aberration are most widely used. Serum enzymes such as serum amylase and diamine oxidase are the most promising biodosimeters. The level of gene expression and protein are also good biomarkers of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Rana
- Division of CBRN Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi - 110 054, India
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Ristić-Fira A, Todorović D, Zakula J, Keta O, Cirrone P, Cuttone G, Petrović I. Response of human HTB140 melanoma cells to conventional radiation and hadrons. Physiol Res 2011; 60:S129-35. [PMID: 21777021 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional radiotherapy with X- and gamma-rays is one of the common and effective treatments of cancer. High energy hadrons, i.e., charged particles like protons and (12)C ions, due to their specific physics and radiobiological advantages are increasingly used. In this study, effectiveness of different radiation types is evaluated on the radio-resistant human HTB140 melanoma cells. The cells were irradiated with gamma-rays, the 62 MeV protons at the Bragg peak and in the middle of the spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP), as well as with the 62 MeV/u (12)C ions. The doses ranged from 2 to 24 Gy. Cell survival and proliferation were assessed 7 days after irradiation, whereas apoptosis was evaluated after 48 h. The acquired results confirmed the high radio-resistance of cells, showing better effectiveness of protons than gamma-rays. The best efficiency was obtained with (12)C ions due to higher linear energy transfer. All analyzed radiation qualities reduced cell proliferation. The highest proliferation was detected for (12)C ions because of their large killing capacity followed by small induction of reparable lesions. This enabled unharmed cells to preserve proliferative activity. Irradiations with protons and (12)C ions revealed similar moderate pro-apoptotic ability that is in agreement with the level of cellular radio-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ristić-Fira
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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50
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Ramachandran L, Krishnan CV, Nair CKK. Radioprotection by α-Lipoic Acid Palladium Complex Formulation (POLY-MVA) in Mice. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2010; 25:395-9. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2009.0744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chirakkal V. Krishnan
- Garnett McKeen Laboratory Inc., Bohemia, New York
- Department of Chemistry, University at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York
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