1
|
Qiu Y, Xu D, Lei P, Li S, Xu H. Engineering functional homopolymeric amino acids: from biosynthesis to design. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:310-325. [PMID: 37775417 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Homopolymeric amino acids (HPAs) are a class of microbial polymers that can be classified into two categories: anionic and cationic HPAs. Notable examples include γ-poly-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) and ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) that have wide-ranging applications in medicine, food, and agriculture. The primary method of manufacture is through microbial synthesis. In recent decades significant efforts have been made to enhance the production of HPAs, specifically focusing on γ-PGA and ε-PL. We comprehensively review current advances in understanding the synthetic mechanisms as well as metabolic engineering and fermentation process techniques to improve the production of HPAs. In addition, we discuss the major challenges and solutions associated with desired structure regulation of HPAs and the development of novel structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Delei Xu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 99 South Third Ring Road, Changshu 215500, PR China
| | - Peng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China; Nanjing Shineking Biotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210061, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elbanna K, Alsulami FS, Neyaz LA, Abulreesh HH. Poly (γ) glutamic acid: a unique microbial biopolymer with diverse commercial applicability. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1348411. [PMID: 38414762 PMCID: PMC10897055 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1348411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial biopolymers have emerged as promising solutions for environmental pollution-related human health issues. Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), a natural anionic polymeric compound, is composed of highly viscous homo-polyamide of D and L-glutamic acid units. The extracellular water solubility of PGA biopolymer facilitates its complete biodegradation and makes it safe for humans. The unique properties have enabled its applications in healthcare, pharmaceuticals, water treatment, foods, and other domains. It is applied as a thickener, taste-masking agent, stabilizer, texture modifier, moisturizer, bitterness-reducing agent, probiotics cryoprotectant, and protein crystallization agent in food industries. γ-PGA is employed as a biological adhesive, drug carrier, and non-viral vector for safe gene delivery in tissue engineering, pharmaceuticals, and medicine. It is also used as a moisturizer to improve the quality of hair care and skincare cosmetic products. In agriculture, it serves as an ideal stabilizer, environment-friendly fertilizer synergist, plant-growth promoter, metal biosorbent in soil washing, and animal feed additive to reduce body fat and enhance egg-shell strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Elbanna
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Fatimah S Alsulami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena A Neyaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein H Abulreesh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tamura M, Watanabe J, Noguchi T, Nishikawa T. High poly-γ-glutamic acid-containing natto improves lipid metabolism and alters intestinal microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2024; 74:47-56. [PMID: 38292115 PMCID: PMC10822762 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Several beneficial effects of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) have been reported. To test whether natto, a fermented soy food rich in γ-PGA, can improve intestinal microbiota content and lipid metabolism in a high-fat diet, we compared the intestinal microbiota content, plasma, liver, and fecal contents, and changes in gene expression in the livers and large intestines of a group of mice fed a high-fat diet supplemented with cooked soybeans (SC group) and a group fed a high-fat diet supplemented with natto (NA group) for 42 days; high-fat diet-fed mice were used as a control (Con group). Hepatic lipid levels were significantly lower, the fecal bile acid and lipid levels were significantly greater, and the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio was significantly higher in the SC and NA groups as compared to Con group. Additionally, plasma glucose and triglyceride levels, the expression of liver fatty acid synthase, and the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae was significantly higher in the NA group than in the Con group. Although both natto and cooked soybeans impacted the metabolic response to a high-fat diet, the addition of natto had a greater effect on glucose and lipid metabolism. γ-PGA may play an important role in natto functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Tamura
- Food Research Institute of National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Jun Watanabe
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Tomotsugu Noguchi
- Industrial Technology Innovation Center of Ibaraki Prefecture, 3781-1 Nagaoka, Ibaraki-machi, Ibaraki 311-3195, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang W, Shen H, Li Y, Yang K, Lei P, Gu Y, Sun L, Xu H, Wang R. Preparation of Type-A Gelatin/Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Nanoparticles for Enhancing the Stability and Bioavailability of (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091748. [PMID: 37174287 PMCID: PMC10178256 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has gained considerable attention owing to its beneficial properties. However, its application as a functional food is restricted due to its instability and low bioavailability. In the present study, a food-derived nanoparticle system based on type A gelatin/γ-PGA was developed to preserve and deliver EGCG. The EGCG/gelatin/γ-PGA nanoparticles had a particle size of 155.1 ± 7.3 nm with a zeta potential of -23.9 ± 0.9 mV. Moreover, the EGCG/gelatin/γ-PGA nanoparticles enhanced the long-term storage stability and sustained antioxidant activity of EGCG compared to EGCG/gelatin nanoparticles. The nanoparticles protected EGCG in simulated gastric fluid containing pepsin while releasing it in simulated intestinal fluid. Additionally, the amount of EGCG transported in the Caco-2 monolayers treated with EGCG/gelatin/γ-PGA nanoparticles was three times higher than that of free EGCG, which might be related to the paracellular pathway and endocytosis. These results suggest that EGCG/gelatin/γ-PGA nanoparticles might be an effective delivery vehicle for EGCG, enhancing its potential applications in the functional food field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Huangchen Shen
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Peng Lei
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yian Gu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Liang Sun
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cho SH, Shin KK, Kim SY, Cho MY, Oh DB, Lim YT. In Situ-Forming Collagen/poly-γ-glutamic Acid Hydrogel System with Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 for Bone Tissue Regeneration in a Mouse Calvarial Bone Defect Model. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:1099-1111. [PMID: 35460494 PMCID: PMC9477999 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) have been studied for bone repair because they have regenerative potential to differentiate into osteoblasts. The development of injectable and in situ three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to proliferate and differentiate BMSCs and deliver BMP-2 is a crucial technology in BMSC-based tissue engineering. METHODS The proliferation of mouse BMSCs (mBMSCs) in collagen/poly-γ-glutamic acid (Col/γ-PGA) hydrogel was evaluated using LIVE/DEAD and acridine orange and propidium iodide assays. In vitro osteogenic differentiation and the gene expression level of Col/γ-PGA(mBMSC/BMP-2) were assessed by alizarin red S staining and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The bone regeneration effect of Col/γ-PGA(mBMSC/BMP-2) was evaluated in a mouse calvarial bone defect model. The cranial bones of the mice were monitored by micro-computed tomography and histological analysis. RESULTS The developed Col/γ-PGA hydrogel showed low viscosity below ambient temperature, while it provided a high elastic modulus and viscous modulus at body temperature. After gelation, the Col/γ-PGA hydrogel showed a 3D and interconnected porous structure, which helped the effective proliferation of BMSCs with BMP-2. The Col/γ-PGA (mBMSC/BMP-2) expressed more osteogenic genes and showed effective orthotopic bone formation in a mouse model with a critical-sized bone defect in only 3-4 weeks. CONCLUSION The Col/γ-PGA(mBMSC/BMP-2) hydrogel was suggested to be a promising platform by combining collagen as a major component of the extracellular matrix and γ-PGA as a viscosity reducer for easy handling at room temperature in BMSC-based bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hee Cho
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Koo Shin
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Cho
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Byoung Oh
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Taik Lim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nano Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tamura M, Watanabe J, Hori S, Inose A, Kubo Y, Noguchi T, Nishikawa T, Ikezawa M, Araki R, Kobori M. Effects of a high-γ-polyglutamic acid-containing natto diet on liver lipids and cecal microbiota of adult female mice. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2021; 40:176-185. [PMID: 34631329 PMCID: PMC8484009 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2020-061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Natto is a traditional Japanese fermented soy product high in γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA), whose beneficial effects have been reported. We prepared high-γ-PGA natto and compared the dietary influence on liver lipids and cecal microbiota in mice fed a diet containing it or a standard diet. The mice were served a 30% high-γ-PGA natto diet (PGA group) or standard diet (Con group) for 28 days. Liver lipids, fecal lipids, and fecal bile acids were quantified. Cecal microbiota were analyzed by PCR amplification of the V3 and V4 regions of 16S rRNA genes and sequenced using a MiSeq System. Additionally, the cecal short-chain fatty acid profile was assessed. The results revealed that the liver lipid and triglyceride contents were significantly lower (p<0.01) and amounts of bile acids and lipids in the feces were significantly higher in the PGA group than in the Con group. The cecal butyric acid concentration was observed to be significantly higher in the PGA group than in the Con group. Principal component analysis of the cecal microbiota revealed that the PGA and Con groups were distinct. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was found to be significantly low in the PGA mice. The results revealed a significantly higher relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae (p<0.05) and significantly lower relative abundance of Coriobacteriaceae (p<0.01) in the PGA group. Analysis of the correlation between bacterial abundance and liver lipids, cecal short-chain fatty acids, fecal lipids, and fecal bile acids suggested that intestinal microbiota can be categorized into different types based on lipid metabolism. Hepatic lipid accumulation typically facilitates the onset of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our findings suggest that high-γ-PGA natto is a beneficial dietary component for the prevention of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Tamura
- Food Research Institute of the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Jun Watanabe
- Food Research Institute of the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.,Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Sachiko Hori
- Food Research Institute of the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Atsuko Inose
- Food Research Institute of the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Yuji Kubo
- Industrial Technology Innovation Center of Ibaraki Prefecture, 3781-1 Nagaoka, Ibaraki-machi, Higashi-ibaraki-gun, Ibaraki 311-3116, Japan
| | - Tomotsugu Noguchi
- Industrial Technology Innovation Center of Ibaraki Prefecture, 3781-1 Nagaoka, Ibaraki-machi, Higashi-ibaraki-gun, Ibaraki 311-3116, Japan
| | | | - Masaya Ikezawa
- Takanofoods Co., Ltd., 1542 Noda, Omitama, Ibaraki 311-3411, Japan
| | - Risa Araki
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Masuko Kobori
- Food Research Institute of the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang C, Liu J, He X, Sheng Y, Yang C, Li H, Xu J, Xu W, Huang K. Caulis Spatholobi Ameliorates Obesity through Activating Brown Adipose Tissue and Modulating the Composition of Gut Microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205150. [PMID: 31627416 PMCID: PMC6829277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with disrupted energy homeostasis and intestinal dysbiosis. Caulis Spatholobi, traditional Chinese medicine for herbal therapy, contains a wide range of bioactive compounds and has a specific pharmacological function. However, its effects on obesity and related metabolic disorder have remained largely unexplored. In this study, we showed that the water extract of Caulis Spatholobi (WECS) has a significant effect in inhibiting body weight gain, decreasing adiposity, maintaining glucose homeostasis, reducing insulin resistance and improving hepatic steatosis in diet-introduced obesity (DIO) mice. Besides, the administration of WECS significantly increased the expression levels of genes involved in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and thermogenesis in DIO mice. Also, the activation of BAT treated with WECS was also confirmed in BAT primary cells. Mechanisms, the improvement of glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance may be related to the upregulated MAPK and AMPK pathways in white adipose tissue (WAT) and BAT. Notably, WECS also improved the obesity-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, which induced an increase of anti-obesity and anti-diabetes related bacteria genus. In conclusion, Caulis Spatholobi can ameliorate obesity through activating brown adipose tissue and modulating the composition of gut microbiota. Our findings provide a novel perspective on Chinese medicine applications and provide a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhai Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modifed Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Junyu Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modifed Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modifed Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yao Sheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modifed Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Cui Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modifed Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Haoyu Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modifed Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jia Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modifed Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Wentao Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modifed Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modifed Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu T, Yang R, Ma X, Chen W, Liu S, Liu X, Cai X, Xu H, Chi B. Bionic Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds for Preventing Hypertrophic Scars. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900123. [PMID: 30972958 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scarring (HS) remains a great challenge in wound dressing. Although various bionic extracellular matrix (ECM) biomaterials have been designed towards HS treatment, not all biomaterials can synergize biological functions and application functions in wound repair. Bionic scar-inhibiting scaffolds, loaded with biomolecules or drugs, become promising strategies for scarless skin regeneration. In this work, inspired by the physicochemical environment of ECM, a versatile fabrication of poly(γ-glutamic acid) based on electrospun photocrosslinkable hydrogel fibrous scaffolds incorporated with ginsenoside Rg3 (GS-Rg3) is developed for tissue repair and wound therapy. Decorated with adhesive peptide, bionic fibrous scaffolds can accelerate fibroblasts to sprout and grow, forming organized space-filling basement that gradually fills a depression before wound close up in the early stage. Additionally, by sustained release of GS-Rg3 in late stage, fibrous scaffolds promote scarless wound healing in vivo as evidenced by the promotion of cell communication and skin regeneration, as well as the subsequent decrease of angiogenesis and collagen accumulation. These ECM-inspired fibrous scaffolds, therefore, offer new perspectives on accelerated wound healing and tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical EngineeringCollege of Food Science and Light IndustryNanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Rong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical EngineeringCollege of Food Science and Light IndustryNanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Xuebin Ma
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical EngineeringCollege of Food Science and Light IndustryNanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical EngineeringCollege of Food Science and Light IndustryNanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Xiaojun Cai
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical EngineeringCollege of Food Science and Light IndustryNanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Bo Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical EngineeringCollege of Food Science and Light IndustryNanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ikeuchi-Takahashi Y, Shiokawa Y, Sekita K, Yonemochi E, Onishi H. Development of microparticles coated with poly-γ-glutamic acid to improve oral absorption of a poorly water-soluble drug. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 24:992-1001. [PMID: 31107609 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1621898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Novel microparticles coated with poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA) were developed to improve the oral absorption of indomethacin (IM), a poorly water-soluble drug. Microparticles containing γ-IM (IMbulk-PGA) or crystal polymorph α-IM (IMpolymorph-PGA) were prepared. Additionally, microparticles were prepared containing α-IM without PGA (IMpolymorph without PGA). IMbulk-PGA and IMpolymorph-PGA exhibited better drug retention properties on mucin disks. Drug release rates from IMpolymorph-PGA and IMpolymorph without PGA were higher than from IM bulk powder, and drug release from IMbulk-PGA was also improved. Drug release from IMbulk-PGA could be improved with the use of Tween 80. In addition, PGA may influence the ionization of IM or affect specific molecular interactions. After the microparticles were administered orally to mice, IMbulk-PGA and IMpolymorph-PGA increased the plasma drug concentration more rapidly compared with IM bulk powder, but IMpolymorph without PGA did not increase the plasma drug concentration. It was considered that IMbulk-PGA and IMpolymorph-PGA rapidly reached the intestinal membrane through the mucus layer and IM was absorbed quickly. Because IMbulk-PGA and IMpolymorph-PGA showed a rapid increase in plasma drug concentration, IMbulk-PGA and IMpolymorph-PGA could be useful preparations to improve the gastrointestinal absorption of IM. Furthermore, IMbulk-PGA may maintain higher plasma drug concentrations than IMpolymorph-PGA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Ikeuchi-Takahashi
- a School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hoshi University , Shinagawa City , Japan
| | - Yudai Shiokawa
- a School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hoshi University , Shinagawa City , Japan
| | - Kazuki Sekita
- a School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hoshi University , Shinagawa City , Japan
| | - Etsuo Yonemochi
- a School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hoshi University , Shinagawa City , Japan
| | - Hiraku Onishi
- a School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hoshi University , Shinagawa City , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ratha P, Jhon DY. Factors increasing poly-γ-glutamic acid content of cheongguk-jang fermented by Bacillus subtilis 168. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 28:103-110. [PMID: 30815300 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cheongguk-jang is a Korean traditional food produced by natural fermentation of boiled soybean. In cheongguk-jang, bacilli are dominant bacteria and produce highly viscous poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), which improves human health functions. The purpose of this experiment was to find maximum production condition for the γ-PGA content during fermentation of cheongguk-jang with Bacillus subtilis 168. The most viscous cheongguk-jang was produced when soybean was cooked at 121 °C for 60 min in the presence of 50%(w/w) added water, followed by fermentation at 40 °C for 2 days. Additional conditions for maximum production of γ-PGA were the addition of 0.1%(w/w) FeCl3·6H2O, 3.0%(w/w) lactose and 3.0%(w/w) yeast extract as nutrients of inorganic salts, carbon source and nitrogen source, respectively. The three conditions did not show cumulative effect on the γ-PGA production and the addition of iron salt induced the most γ-PGA (0.97 ± 0.05%(w/w)), which corresponded to 2.7 times of the content in control cheongguk-jang.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pov Ratha
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, 77, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Young Jhon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, 77, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Effects of poly-gamma-glutamic acid on inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in sleep-restricted rats. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-018-0170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
12
|
Ahn H, Kang SG, Yoon SI, Kim PH, Kim D, Lee GS. Poly-gamma-glutamic acid from Bacillus subtilis upregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines while inhibiting NLRP3, NLRC4 and AIM2 inflammasome activation. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:111-119. [PMID: 27133472 PMCID: PMC5811673 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a natural, edible and non-toxic polymer synthesized by Bacillus subtilis and is suggested as a safe biomaterial for the use in hydrogels and vaccine adjuvants. However, the effect of γ-PGA on inflammasome activation has not yet been studied in macrophages. Inflammasomes, which are intracellular multi-protein complexes, promote acute and chronic inflammation via interleukin-1β or interleukin-18 maturation, and they are known targets for metabolic syndromes and cancer. In this study, we observed that γ-PGA attenuated NLRP3, NLRC4 and AIM2 inflammasome activation, whereas it upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in human and murine macrophages. Although γ-PGA had conflicting effects on cytokine production and maturation, it clearly alleviated the severity of lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxin shock in an animal model. Thus, we suggest γ-PGA as a candidate to control inflammasome-mediated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijeong Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Goo Kang
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-il Yoon
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyeung-Hyeun Kim
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Shik Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cho SH, Kim A, Shin W, Heo MB, Noh HJ, Hong KS, Cho JH, Lim YT. Photothermal-modulated drug delivery and magnetic relaxation based on collagen/poly(γ-glutamic acid) hydrogel. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:2607-2620. [PMID: 28408827 PMCID: PMC5383084 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s133078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Injectable and stimuli-responsive hydrogels have attracted attention in molecular imaging and drug delivery because encapsulated diagnostic or therapeutic components in the hydrogel can be used to image or change the microenvironment of the injection site by controlling various stimuli such as enzymes, temperature, pH, and photonic energy. In this study, we developed a novel injectable and photoresponsive composite hydrogel composed of anticancer drugs, imaging contrast agents, bio-derived collagen, and multifaceted anionic polypeptide, poly (γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA). By the introduction of γ-PGA, the intrinsic temperature-dependent phase transition behavior of collagen was modified to a low viscous sol state at room temperature and nonflowing gel state around body temperature. The modified temperature-dependent phase transition behavior of collagen/γ-PGA hydrogels was also evaluated after loading of near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore, indocyanine green (ICG), which could transform absorbed NIR photonic energy into thermal energy. By taking advantage of the abundant carboxylate groups in γ-PGA, cationic-charged doxorubicin (Dox) and hydrophobic MnFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles were also incorporated successfully into the collagen/γ-PGA hydrogels. By illumination of NIR light on the collagen/γ-PGA/Dox/ICG/MnFe2O4 hydrogels, the release kinetics of Dox and magnetic relaxation of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles could be modulated. The experimental results suggest that the novel injectable and NIR-responsive collagen/γ-PGA hydrogels developed in this study can be used as a theranostic platform after loading of various molecular imaging probes and therapeutic components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hee Cho
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)
| | - Ahreum Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)
| | - Woojung Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon
| | - Min Beom Heo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)
| | | | - Kwan Soo Hong
- Bioimaging Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju.,Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Cho
- Bioimaging Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju.,Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Taik Lim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT).,School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cho SH, Noh JR, Cho MY, Go MJ, Kim YH, Kang ES, Kim YH, Lee CH, Lim YT. An injectable collagen/poly(γ-glutamic acid) hydrogel as a scaffold of stem cells and α-lipoic acid for enhanced protection against renal dysfunction. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:285-294. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00711b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a collagen/γ-PGA hydrogel as an injectable scaffold for use in MSC-based therapy against renal dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hee Cho
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ran Noh
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)
- Daejeon 305-806
- Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Cho
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Go
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)
- Daejeon 305-806
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)
- Daejeon 305-806
- Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sung Kang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)
- Daejeon 305-806
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Taik Lim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cho SH, Hong JH, Noh YW, Lee E, Lee CS, Lim YT. Raspberry-like poly(γ-glutamic acid) hydrogel particles for pH-dependent cell membrane passage and controlled cytosolic delivery of antitumor drugs. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5621-5632. [PMID: 27822040 PMCID: PMC5089826 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s117862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, we synthesized bioderived poly(amino acid) hydrogel particles that showed pH-dependent membrane-disrupting properties and controlled cytosolic delivery of antitumor drugs. Poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) that has been produced extensively using bacteria, especially those of Bacillus subtilis species, was modified with cholesterol (γ-PGA/Chol), and the γ-PGA/Chol conjugates were used to form polymeric nanoparticles the size of 21.0±1.1 nm in aqueous solution. When the polymeric nanoparticles were mixed with doxorubicin (Dox), raspberry-like hydrogel particles (RBHPs) were formed by the electrostatic interaction between the cationically charged Dox and the anionically charged nanoparticles. The average size and surface charge of the RBHPs in aqueous solution were 444.9±122.5 nm and -56.44 mV, respectively. The loaded amount of Dox was approximately 63.9 μg/mg of RBHPs. The RBHPs showed controlled drug release behavior in both in vitro and ex vivo cell-based experiments. Through fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, the cellular uptake of RBHPs into human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) was analyzed. The cytotoxic effect, evaluated by the methyl tetrazolium salt assay, was dependent on both the concentration of RBHPs and the treatment time. The pH-dependent membrane-disrupting properties of the RBHPs and the subsequent cytosolic delivery of Dox were evaluated using a standard hemolysis assay. Upon an increase in hydrophobicity at the lysosomal acidic pH, RBHPs could easily interact, penetrate cell membranes, and destabilize them. Taken together, the data suggested that RBHPs could be used as drug delivery carriers after loading with other therapeutic drugs, such as proteins or small interfering RNA for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hee Cho
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do
| | - Ji Hyeon Hong
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University
| | - Young-Woock Noh
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do
| | - Eunji Lee
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University
| | - Chang-Soo Lee
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Taik Lim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Choi JH, Pichiah PBT, Kim MJ, Cha YS. Cheonggukjang, a soybean paste fermented with B. licheniformis-67 prevents weight gain and improves glycemic control in high fat diet induced obese mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 59:31-8. [PMID: 27499576 PMCID: PMC4933689 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of soybean paste—Cheonggukjang, fermented with poly gamma glutamic acid producing Bacillus licheniformis-67 in diet induced obese C57BL/6J mice. Forty male C57BL/6J mice aged 4 weeks were divided into four dietary groups; normal diet control, high fat diet control, high fat diet containing 30% of unfermented soybean and high fat diet containing 30% Cheonggukjang fermented with Bacillus licheniformis-67. After 13 weeks of dietary intervention the mice were sacrificed; serum and tissue samples were examined. Serum and hepatic lipid profile, blood glucose, insulin, leptin level were lower (<0.05) along with the body weight and epididymal fat pad weight in the 30% Cheonggukjang supplemented group compared with the high fat diet control group. The expression level of lipid anabolic gene was significantly decreased; whereas the expression level of lipid catabolic genes were significantly increased in the 30% Cheonggukjang supplemented group compared to the high fat diet control group. Collectively, these results suggested that intake of Cheonggukjang fermented with Bacillus licheniformis-67 significantly prevents obesity related parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hee Choi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Duckjin-dong, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea
| | - P B Tirupathi Pichiah
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Duckjin-dong, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62 Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Duckjin-dong, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu T, Yin J, Zhang G, Long H, Zheng X. Mulberry and cherry anthocyanin consumption prevents oxidative stress and inflammation in diet-induced obese mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:687-94. [PMID: 26627062 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE This study aimed to determine whether cherry anthocyanin (CA) and mulberry anthocyanin (MA) can alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation associated with developing obesity in mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS AND RESULTS CA and MA were added in the daily food of mice throughout the experiment. Sixty mice were randomly divided into two groups: a low-fat diet (LFD, n = 12) group and HFD (n = 48) group. Mice in the HFD group were supplied with a HFD for 8 wks to induce obesity. The HFD-fed mice were then divided into four subgroups for another 8-wk experiment. The subgroups included the control group, HFD plus Orlistat group, and HFD plus CA or MA group, with each group consisting of 12 mice. Consumption of CA and MA at 200 mg/kg food reduced bodyweight gain by 29.6 and 32.7%, respectively, in HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice. CA and MA supplementation could effectively improve the lipid profiles, decrease serum glucose and leptin levels, reduce MDA production, increase SOD and GPX activities, and down-regulate the expression of the TNFα, IL-6, iNOS, and NF-кB genes. CONCLUSION Therefore, MA and CA can potentially alter bodyweight by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation in diet-induced obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, PR China.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hairong Long
- National Engineering Laboratory of Southwest Endangered Medicinal Resources Development, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang J, Shimada M, Kato Y, Kusada M, Nagaoka S. Cholesterol-lowering effect of rice bran protein containing bile acid-binding proteins. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:456-61. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.978260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Dietary plant protein is well known to reduce serum cholesterol levels. Rice bran is a by-product of rice milling and is a good source of protein. The present study examined whether feeding rats a high-cholesterol diet containing 10% rice bran protein (RBP) for 10 d affected cholesterol metabolism. Rats fed dietary RBP had lower serum total cholesterol levels and increased excretion of fecal steroids, such as cholesterol and bile acids, than those fed dietary casein. In vitro assays showed that RBP strongly bound to taurocholate, and inhibited the micellar solubility of cholesterol, compared with casein. Moreover, the bile acid-binding proteins of the RBP were eluted by a chromatographic column conjugated with cholic acid, and one of them was identified as hypothetical protein OsJ_13801 (NCBI accession No. EAZ29742) using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis. These results suggest that the hypocholesterolemic action of the RBP may be caused by the bile acid-binding proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jilite Wang
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masaya Shimada
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukina Kato
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mio Kusada
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagaoka
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|