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Birg A, van der Horn HJ, Ryman SG, Branzoli F, Deelchand DK, Quinn DK, Mayer AR, Lin HC, Erhardt EB, Caprihan A, Zotev V, Parada AN, Wick TV, Matos YL, Barnhart KA, Nitschke SR, Shaff NA, Julio KR, Prather HE, Vakhtin AA. Diffusion magnetic resonance spectroscopy captures microglial reactivity related to gut-derived systemic lipopolysaccharide: A preliminary study. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 122:345-352. [PMID: 39163909 PMCID: PMC11418836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key component underlying multiple neurological disorders, yet non-invasive and cost-effective assessment of in vivo neuroinflammatory processes in the central nervous system remains challenging. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy (dMRS) has shown promise in addressing these challenges by measuring diffusivity properties of different neurometabolites, which can reflect cell-specific morphologies. Prior work has demonstrated dMRS utility in capturing microglial reactivity in the context of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenges and serious neurological disorders, detected as changes of microglial metabolite diffusivity properties. However, the extent to which such dMRS metrics are capable of detecting subtler and more nuanced levels of neuroinflammation in populations without overt neuropathology is unknown. Here we examined the relationship between intrinsic, gut-derived levels of systemic LPS and dMRS-based apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) of choline, creatine, and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in two brain regions: the thalamus and the corona radiata. Higher plasma LPS concentrations were significantly associated with increased ADC of choline and NAA in the thalamic region, with no such relationships observed in the corona radiata for any of the metabolites examined. As such, dMRS may have the sensitivity to measure microglial reactivity across populations with highly variable levels of neuroinflammation, and holds promising potential for widespread applications in both research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Birg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Harm J van der Horn
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute
| | - Sephira G Ryman
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute; Nene and Jamie Koch Comprehensive Movement Disorder Center, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Francesca Branzoli
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, The Paris Brain Institute, Paris, France
| | - Dinesh K Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Davin K Quinn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Andrew R Mayer
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute
| | - Henry C Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Erik B Erhardt
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Arvind Caprihan
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute
| | - Vadim Zotev
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute
| | - Alisha N Parada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Tracey V Wick
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute
| | - Yvette L Matos
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute
| | - Kimberly A Barnhart
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute
| | - Stephanie R Nitschke
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute
| | - Nicholas A Shaff
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute
| | - Kayla R Julio
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute
| | - Haley E Prather
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute
| | - Andrei A Vakhtin
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute.
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Joshi S, Pham K, Moe L, McNees R. Exploring the Microbial Diversity and Composition of Three Cigar Product Categories. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2024; 87:107. [PMID: 39162854 PMCID: PMC11335948 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Cigars and cigarillos are emerging as popular tobacco alternatives to cigarettes. However, these products may be equally harmful to human health than cigarettes and are associated with similar adverse health effects. We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to extensively characterize the microbial diversity and investigate differences in microbial composition across 23 different products representing three different cigar product categories: filtered cigar, cigarillo, and large cigar. High throughput sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region of the 16 s rRNA gene revealed 2124 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). Our findings showed that the three categories of cigars differed significantly in observed richness and Shannon diversity, with filtered cigars exhibiting lower diversity compared to large cigars and cigarillos. We also found a shared and unique microbiota among different product types. Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum in all product categories, followed by Actinobacteria. Among the 16 genera shared across all product types were Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Pantoea. Nine genera were exclusively shared by large cigars and cigarillos and an additional thirteen genera were exclusive to filtered cigars. Analysis of individual cigar products showed consistent microbial composition across replicates for most large cigars and cigarillos while filtered cigars showed more inter-product variability. These findings provide important insights into the microbial diversity of the different cigar product types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Joshi
- Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center (KTRDC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Kent Pham
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Luke Moe
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Ruth McNees
- Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center (KTRDC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA.
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3
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Azoicai A, Lupu A, Alexoae MM, Starcea IM, Mocanu A, Lupu VV, Mitrofan EC, Nedelcu AH, Tepordei RT, Munteanu D, Mitrofan C, Salaru DL, Ioniuc I. Lung microbiome: new insights into bronchiectasis' outcome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1405399. [PMID: 38895737 PMCID: PMC11183332 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1405399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The present treatments for bronchiectasis, which is defined by pathological dilatation of the airways, are confined to symptom relief and minimizing exacerbations. The condition is becoming more common worldwide. Since the disease's pathophysiology is not entirely well understood, developing novel treatments is critically important. The interplay of chronic infection, inflammation, and compromised mucociliary clearance, which results in structural alterations and the emergence of new infection, is most likely responsible for the progression of bronchiectasis. Other than treating bronchiectasis caused by cystic fibrosis, there are no approved treatments. Understanding the involvement of the microbiome in this disease is crucial, the microbiome is defined as the collective genetic material of all bacteria in an environment. In clinical practice, bacteria in the lungs have been studied using cultures; however, in recent years, researchers use next-generation sequencing methods, such as 16S rRNA sequencing. Although the microbiome in bronchiectasis has not been entirely investigated, what is known about it suggests that Haemophilus, Pseudomonas and Streptococcus dominate the lung bacterial ecosystems, they present significant intraindividual stability and interindividual heterogeneity. Pseudomonas and Haemophilus-dominated microbiomes have been linked to more severe diseases and frequent exacerbations, however additional research is required to fully comprehend the role of microbiome in the evolution of bronchiectasis. This review discusses recent findings on the lung microbiota and its association with bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Azoicai
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Monica Mihaela Alexoae
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Iuliana Magdalena Starcea
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Adriana Mocanu
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Alin Horatiu Nedelcu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Razvan Tudor Tepordei
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragos Munteanu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Costica Mitrofan
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Delia Lidia Salaru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ileana Ioniuc
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
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Tao L, Chiarelli MP, Pavlova S, Kolokythas A, Schwartz J, DeFrancesco J, Salameh B, Green SJ, Adami G. Enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolizing microorganisms on the oral mucosa of tobacco users. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16626. [PMID: 38188172 PMCID: PMC10771095 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Certain soil microbes resist and metabolize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The same is true for a subset of skin microbes. In the human mouth, oral microbes have the potential to oxidize tobacco PAHs, thereby increasing these chemicals' ability to cause cancer of adjacent epithelium. We hypothesized that we could identify, in smokers, the oral mucosal microbes that can metabolize PAH. We isolated bacteria and fungi that survived long-term in minimal media with PAHs as the sole carbon source, under aerobic conditions, from the oral mucosa in 17 of 26 smokers and two of 14 nonsmokers. Of bacteria genera that survived harsh PAH exposure in vitro, most were found at trace levels, except for Staphylococcus, Actinomyces, and Kingella, which were more abundant. Two PAH-resistant strains of Candida albicans (C. albicans) were isolated from smokers. C. albicans was a prime candidate to contribute to carcinogenesis in tobacco users as it is found orally at high levels in tobacco users on the mucosa, and some Candida species can metabolize PAHs. However, when C. albicans isolates were tested for metabolism of two model PAH substrates, pyrene and phenanthrene, they were not capable, suggesting they cannot metabolize PAH under the conditions used. In conclusion, evidence for large scale microbial degradation of tobacco PAHs under aerobic conditions on the oral mucosa remains lacking, though nonabundant PAH metabolizers are certainly present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tao
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - M Paul Chiarelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Sylvia Pavlova
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Antonia Kolokythas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - James DeFrancesco
- Forensic Science Program — Department of Criminal Justice, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Salameh
- Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Stefan J. Green
- DNA Sequencing Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Guy Adami
- Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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Souza VGP, Forder A, Pewarchuk ME, Telkar N, de Araujo RP, Stewart GL, Vieira J, Reis PP, Lam WL. The Complex Role of the Microbiome in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Development and Progression. Cells 2023; 12:2801. [PMID: 38132121 PMCID: PMC10741843 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the relationship between microorganisms in the surrounding environment and cancer cells. While the tumor microenvironment predominantly comprises cancer cells, stromal cells, and immune cells, emerging research highlights the significant contributions of microbial cells to tumor development and progression. Although the impact of the gut microbiome on treatment response in lung cancer is well established, recent investigations indicate complex roles of lung microbiota in lung cancer. This article focuses on recent findings on the human lung microbiome and its impacts in cancer development and progression. We delve into the characteristics of the lung microbiome and its influence on lung cancer development. Additionally, we explore the characteristics of the intratumoral microbiome, the metabolic interactions between lung tumor cells, and how microorganism-produced metabolites can contribute to cancer progression. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive review of the current literature on the lung microbiome and its implications for the metastatic potential of tumor cells. Additionally, this review discusses the potential for therapeutic modulation of the microbiome to establish lung cancer prevention strategies and optimize lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa G. P. Souza
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Experimental Research Unit, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil (P.P.R.)
| | - Aisling Forder
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | | | - Nikita Telkar
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Rachel Paes de Araujo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Experimental Research Unit, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil (P.P.R.)
| | - Greg L. Stewart
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Juliana Vieira
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Patricia P. Reis
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Experimental Research Unit, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil (P.P.R.)
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Wan L. Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
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Stanfill SB, Hecht SS, Joerger AC, González PJ, Maia LB, Rivas MG, Moura JJG, Gupta AK, Le Brun NE, Crack JC, Hainaut P, Sparacino-Watkins C, Tyx RE, Pillai SD, Zaatari GS, Henley SJ, Blount BC, Watson CH, Kaina B, Mehrotra R. From cultivation to cancer: formation of N-nitrosamines and other carcinogens in smokeless tobacco and their mutagenic implications. Crit Rev Toxicol 2023; 53:658-701. [PMID: 38050998 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2264327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use is a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality globally. Tobacco products, including smokeless tobacco (ST), generally contain tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs), such as N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanone (NNK), which are potent carcinogens that cause mutations in critical genes in human DNA. This review covers the series of biochemical and chemical transformations, related to TSNAs, leading from tobacco cultivation to cancer initiation. A key aim of this review is to provide a greater understanding of TSNAs: their precursors, the microbial and chemical mechanisms that contribute to their formation in ST, their mutagenicity leading to cancer due to ST use, and potential means of lowering TSNA levels in tobacco products. TSNAs are not present in harvested tobacco but can form due to nitrosating agents reacting with tobacco alkaloids present in tobacco during certain types of curing. TSNAs can also form during or following ST production when certain microorganisms perform nitrate metabolism, with dissimilatory nitrate reductases converting nitrate to nitrite that is then released into tobacco and reacts chemically with tobacco alkaloids. When ST usage occurs, TSNAs are absorbed and metabolized to reactive compounds that form DNA adducts leading to mutations in critical target genes, including the RAS oncogenes and the p53 tumor suppressor gene. DNA repair mechanisms remove most adducts induced by carcinogens, thus preventing many but not all mutations. Lastly, because TSNAs and other agents cause cancer, previously documented strategies for lowering their levels in ST products are discussed, including using tobacco with lower nornicotine levels, pasteurization and other means of eliminating microorganisms, omitting fermentation and fire-curing, refrigerating ST products, and including nitrite scavenging chemicals as ST ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Stanfill
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andreas C Joerger
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pablo J González
- Department of Physics, Universidad Nacional Litoral, and CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luisa B Maia
- Department of Chemistry, LAQV, REQUIMTE, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria G Rivas
- Department of Physics, Universidad Nacional Litoral, and CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - José J G Moura
- Department of Chemistry, LAQV, REQUIMTE, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), Caparica, Portugal
| | | | - Nick E Le Brun
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Jason C Crack
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Pierre Hainaut
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Courtney Sparacino-Watkins
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, PA, USA
| | - Robert E Tyx
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suresh D Pillai
- Department of Food Science & Technology, National Center for Electron Beam Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ghazi S Zaatari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - S Jane Henley
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin C Blount
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Clifford H Watson
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Centre for Health, Innovation and Policy Foundation, Noida, India
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Paulo AC, Lança J, Almeida ST, Hilty M, Sá-Leão R. The upper respiratory tract microbiota of healthy adults is affected by Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage, smoking habits, and contact with children. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:199. [PMID: 37658443 PMCID: PMC10474643 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiota of the upper respiratory tract is increasingly recognized as a gatekeeper of respiratory health. Despite this, the microbiota of healthy adults remains understudied. To address this gap, we investigated the composition of the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal microbiota of healthy adults, focusing on the effect of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage, smoking habits, and contact with children. RESULTS Differential abundance analysis indicated that the microbiota of the oropharynx was significantly different from that of the nasopharynx (P < 0.001) and highly discriminated by a balance between the classes Negativicutes and Bacilli (AUC of 0.979). Moreover, the oropharynx was associated with a more homogeneous microbiota across individuals, with just two vs. five clusters identified in the nasopharynx. We observed a shift in the nasopharyngeal microbiota of carriers vs. noncarriers with an increased relative abundance of Streptococcus, which summed up to 30% vs. 10% in noncarriers and was not mirrored in the oropharynx. The oropharyngeal microbiota of smokers had a lower diversity than the microbiota of nonsmokers, while no differences were observed in the nasopharyngeal microbiota. In particular, the microbiota of smokers, compared with nonsmokers, was enriched (on average 16-fold) in potential pathogenic taxa involved in periodontal diseases of the genera Bacillus and Burkholderia previously identified in metagenomic studies of cigarettes. The microbiota of adults with contact with children resembled the microbiota of children. Specifically, the nasopharyngeal microbiota of these adults had, on average, an eightfold increase in relative abundance in Streptococcus sp., Moraxella catarrhalis, and Haemophilus influenzae, pathobionts known to colonize the children's upper respiratory tract, and a fourfold decrease in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus lugdunensis. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that, in adults, the presence of S. pneumoniae in the nasopharynx is associated with a shift in the microbiota and dominance of the Streptococcus genus. Furthermore, we observed that smoking habits are associated with an increase in bacterial genera commonly linked to periodontal diseases. Interestingly, our research also revealed that adults who have regular contact with children have a microbiota enriched in pathobionts frequently carried by children. These findings collectively contribute to a deeper understanding of how various factors influence the upper respiratory tract microbiota in adults. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cristina Paulo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química E Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - João Lança
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química E Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sónia T Almeida
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química E Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Markus Hilty
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raquel Sá-Leão
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química E Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
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Konecna E, Videnska P, Buresova L, Urik M, Smetanova S, Smatana S, Prokes R, Lanickova B, Budinska E, Klanova J, Borilova Linhartova P. Enrichment of human nasopharyngeal bacteriome with bacteria from dust after short-term exposure to indoor environment: a pilot study. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:202. [PMID: 37525095 PMCID: PMC10391871 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoor dust particles are an everyday source of human exposure to microorganisms and their inhalation may directly affect the microbiota of the respiratory tract. We aimed to characterize the changes in human nasopharyngeal bacteriome after short-term exposure to indoor (workplace) environments. METHODS In this pilot study, nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from 22 participants in the morning and after 8 h of their presence at the workplace. At the same time points, indoor dust samples were collected from the participants' households (16 from flats and 6 from houses) and workplaces (8 from a maternity hospital - NEO, 6 from a pediatric hospital - ENT, and 8 from a research center - RCX). 16S rRNA sequencing analysis was performed on these human and environmental matrices. RESULTS Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium were the most abundant genera in both indoor dust and nasopharyngeal samples. The analysis indicated lower bacterial diversity in indoor dust samples from flats compared to houses, NEO, ENT, and RCX (p < 0.05). Participants working in the NEO had the highest nasopharyngeal bacterial diversity of all groups (p < 0.05). After 8 h of exposure to the workplace environment, enrichment of the nasopharynx with several new bacterial genera present in the indoor dust was observed in 76% of study participants; however, no significant changes were observed at the level of the nasopharyngeal bacterial diversity (p > 0.05, Shannon index). These "enriching" bacterial genera overlapped between the hospital workplaces - NEO and ENT but differed from those in the research center - RCX. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that although the composition of nasopharyngeal bacteriome is relatively stable during the day. Short-term exposure to the indoor environment can result in the enrichment of the nasopharynx with bacterial DNA from indoor dust; the bacterial composition, however, varies by the indoor workplace environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Konecna
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Videnska
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Buresova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Urik
- Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Brno, Černopolní 9, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Smetanova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Smatana
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Prokes
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara Lanickova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Brno, Obilni Trh 526/11, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Budinska
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klanova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
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Klimkaite L, Liveikis T, Kaspute G, Armalyte J, Aldonyte R. Air pollution-associated shifts in the human airway microbiome and exposure-associated molecular events. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:607-623. [PMID: 37477532 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Publications addressing air pollution-induced human respiratory microbiome shifts are reviewed in this article. The healthy respiratory microbiota is characterized by a low density of bacteria, fungi and viruses with high diversity, and usually consists of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, viruses and fungi. The air's microbiome is highly dependent on air pollution levels and is directly reflected within the human respiratory microbiome. In addition, pollutants indirectly modify the local environment in human respiratory organs by reducing antioxidant capacity, misbalancing proteolysis and modulating inflammation, all of which regulate local microbiomes. Improving air quality leads to more diverse and healthy microbiomes of the local air and, subsequently, residents' airways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Greta Kaspute
- State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Ruta Aldonyte
- State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Chattopadhyay S, Ramachandran P, Malayil L, Mongodin EF, Sapkota AR. Conventional tobacco products harbor unique and heterogenous microbiomes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 220:115205. [PMID: 36592812 PMCID: PMC9898174 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
While an increasing number of studies have evaluated tobacco microbiomes, comparative microbiome analyses across diverse tobacco products are non-existent. Moreover, to our knowledge, no previous studies have characterized the metabolically-active (live) fraction of tobacco bacterial communities and compared them across products. To address these knowledge gaps, we compared bacterial communities across four commercial products (cigarettes, little cigars, cigarillos and hookah) and one research cigarette product. After total DNA extraction (n = 414) from all samples, the V3V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq platform. To identify metabolically-active bacterial communities within these products, we applied a coupled 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine labeling and sequencing approach to a subset of samples (n = 56). Each tobacco product was characterized by its signature microbiome, along with a shared microbiome across all tobacco products consisting of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. putida, P. alcaligenes, Bacillus subtilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Comparing across products (using Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe)), a significantly higher (p < 0.05) relative abundance of Klebsiella and Acinetobacter was observed in commercial cigarettes, while a higher relative abundance of Pseudomonas and Pantoea was observed in research cigarettes. Methylorubrum and Paenibacillus were higher in hookah, and Brevibacillus, Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Lysinibacillus, and Staphylococcus were higher in little cigars and cigarillos. Across all products, the majority of the metabolically-active bacterial communities belonged to the genus Pseudomonas, followed by several genera within the Firmicutes phylum (Bacillus, Terribacillus, and Oceanobacillus). Identification of some metabolically-active pathogens such as Bacillus cereus and Haemophilus parainfluenzae in commercial products is of concern because of the potential for these microorganisms to be transferred to users' respiratory tracts via mainstream smoke. Future work is warranted to evaluate the potential impact of these tobacco bacterial communities on users' oral and lung microbiomes, which play such an important role on the spectrum from health to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhana Chattopadhyay
- Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Padmini Ramachandran
- Food and Drug Administration, Office of Regulatory Science, Division of Microbiology, HFS-712, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Leena Malayil
- Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuel F Mongodin
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy R Sapkota
- Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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11
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Hristeva T, Nikolov N, Nikolova V, Peeva S. Microbiome status of unregulated raw tobacco blends for hand-rolling cigarettes (RYO tobaccos). BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20235801022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The research was conducted on 18 samples of RYO tobacco. The density (CFU/g a.d.s.) of three heterotrophic groups of microorganisms and some physical-chemical indicators were determined. The analyses were performed according to classic methods. Quantitative and qualitative changes at the microbiome as a result of disruption of homeostasis in microbial communities and development of secondary succession in the direction of intensive mineralization processes were found. Statistically significant correlation dependences with the physical-chemical parameters were registered. In addition to a potential risk in term of sanitary-hygiene and health aspects, the changes also have a negative impact on the consumer qualities of tobacco blends.
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12
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Raudoniute J, Bironaite D, Bagdonas E, Kulvinskiene I, Jonaityte B, Danila E, Aldonyte R. Human airway and lung microbiome at the crossroad of health and disease (Review). Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:18. [PMID: 36561630 PMCID: PMC9748710 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolving field of the microbiome and microbiota has become a popular research topic. The human microbiome is defined as a new organ and is considered a living community of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms within a certain body space. The term 'microbiome' is used to define the entire genome of the microbiota. Bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae and small protists are all members of the microbiota, followed by phages, viruses, plasmids and mobile genetic elements. The composition, heterogeneity and dynamics of microbiomes in time and space, their stability and resistance, essential characteristics and key participants, as well as interactions within the microbiome and with the host, are crucial lines of investigation for the development of successful future diagnostics and therapies. Standardization of microbiome studies and harmonized comparable methodologies are required for the transfer of knowledge from fundamental science into the clinic. Human health is dependent on microbiomes and achieved by nurturing beneficial resident microorganisms and their interplay with the host. The present study reviewed scientific knowledge on the major components of the human respiratory microbiome, i.e. bacteria, viruses and fungi, their symbiotic and parasitic roles, and, also, major diseases of the human respiratory tract and their microbial etiology. Bidirectional relationships regulate microbial ecosystems and host susceptibility. Moreover, environmental insults render host tissues and microbiota disease-prone. The human respiratory microbiome reflects the ambient air microbiome. By understanding the human respiratory microbiome, potential therapeutic strategies may be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovile Raudoniute
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius LT-0840, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Bironaite
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius LT-0840, Lithuania
| | - Edvardas Bagdonas
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius LT-0840, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Kulvinskiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius LT-0840, Lithuania
| | - Brigita Jonaityte
- Center of Pulmonology and Allergology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinic, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania
| | - Edvardas Danila
- Center of Pulmonology and Allergology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinic, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania
| | - Ruta Aldonyte
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius LT-0840, Lithuania
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13
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Yuan X, Wang Z, Li C, Lv K, Tian G, Tang M, Ji L, Yang J. Bacterial biomarkers capable of identifying recurrence or metastasis carry disease severity information for lung cancer. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1007831. [PMID: 36187983 PMCID: PMC9523266 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1007831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Local recurrence and distant metastasis are the main causes of death in patients with lung cancer. Multiple studies have described the recurrence or metastasis of lung cancer at the genetic level. However, association between the microbiome of lung cancer tissue and recurrence or metastasis remains to be discovered. Here, we aimed to identify the bacterial biomarkers capable of distinguishing patients with lung cancer from recurrence or metastasis, and how it related to the severity of patients with lung cancer. Methods We applied microbiome pipeline to bacterial communities of 134 non-recurrence and non-metastasis (non-RM) and 174 recurrence or metastasis (RM) samples downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Co-occurrence network was built to explore the bacterial interactions in lung cancer tissue of RM and non-RM. Finally, the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate the association between bacterial biomarkers and patient survival. Results Compared with non-RM, the bacterial community of RM had lower richness and higher Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index. Interestingly, the co-occurrence network of non-RM was more complex than RM. The top 500 genera in relative abundance obtained an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72 when discriminating between RM and non-RM. There were significant differences in the relative abundances of Acidovorax, Clostridioides, Succinimonas, and Shewanella, and so on between RM and non-RM. These biomarkers played a role in predicting the survival of lung cancer patients and were significantly associated with lung cancer stage. Conclusion This study provides the first evidence for the prediction of lung cancer recurrence or metastasis by bacteria in lung cancer tissue. Our results highlights that bacterial biomarkers that distinguish RM and non-RM are also associated with patient survival and disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Yuan
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhina Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changjun Li
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Changjun Li,
| | - Kebo Lv
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
- Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
- Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao, China
- Lei Ji,
| | - Jialiang Yang
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
- Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao, China
- Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
- Jialiang Yang,
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14
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Malayil L, Chattopadhyay S, Bui A, Panse M, Cagle R, Mongodin EF, Sapkota AR. Viable bacteria abundant in cigarettes are aerosolized in mainstream smoke. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113462. [PMID: 35580667 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple studies have demonstrated that cigarettes harbor bacterial pathogens. Yet, to our knowledge, there are no published data to date on whether or not these microorganisms can be aerosolized and transmitted to the respiratory tract of users. To address this knowledge gap, we characterized cigarette bacterial communities and evaluated whether or not they could be aerosolized in mainstream smoke. Filtered and unfiltered cigarettes were tested. Non-smoked tobacco leaf, enriched non-smoked tobacco leaf extract and enriched mainstream smoke extract samples (n = 144) were incubated on trypticase soy agar, and resulting bacterial colonies were sequenced. Total DNA was also extracted, followed by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, sequencing and analysis using UCHIME, QIIME and R packages. The predominant bacterial genera cultured from the mainstream smoke of unfiltered cigarettes were Bacillus, Terribacillus, Paenibacillus and Desulfotomaculum. Culturable bacteria were not recovered from the smoke of filtered products. However, sequencing data demonstrated no significant differences in bacterial community diversity in the smoke of filtered versus unfiltered cigarettes, suggesting that other non-culturable bacteria may be aerosolized in mainstream smoke as well. Our study provides novel evidence that tobacco-associated bacterial communities are viable, can be aerosolized in mainstream smoke, and could potentially be transferred to the oral cavity and respiratory tract of smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Malayil
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Suhana Chattopadhyay
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Anthony Bui
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Mansi Panse
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Robin Cagle
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuel F Mongodin
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy R Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
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15
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Apatzidou DA. The role of cigarette smoking in periodontal disease and treatment outcomes of dental implant therapy. Periodontol 2000 2022; 90:45-61. [PMID: 35950749 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking has been implicated in periodontal pathology through various mechanisms, including perturbations of the inflammatory and host responses to putative periodontal pathogens, alterations in the subgingival microbial communities, and a compromised healing potential of the tissues leading to imbalance of tissue homeostasis. This review provides the evidence for the relationship between cigarette smoking and periodontal disease in an attempt to explain possible mechanisms of how tobacco smoking may exert its negative effects on the periodontal tissues via systemic and localized pathways. Early and more recent studies explore cigarette smoking-induced changes in periodontal clinical indices; in subgingival microbial flora by employing traditional detection methods for selected microorganisms, in addition to modern techniques such as deep sequencing and bioinformatics analyses that are able to fully characterize the microbial communities; and in inflammatory and immune responses critically appraising study limitations and differences in study protocol designs. Periodontal treatment outcomes and implant therapy outcomes are reviewed in an attempt to shed light on possible mechanisms for the inferior treatment outcome noted in smokers. The potential harmful effects of passive smoking are also reviewed, providing evidence for the advantages of smoking cessation. Quitting cigarette smoking should be recommended by the dentist, and effort should be made to inform smokers about the negative effects of smoking on the periodontal status and implant therapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae Anastasia Apatzidou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
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16
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Bacterial communities of hookah tobacco products are diverse and differ across brands and flavors. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5785-5795. [PMID: 35927334 PMCID: PMC9361917 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Young adults are increasingly using non-cigarette products, such as hookahs, since they are perceived as healthier alternatives to cigarette smoking. However, hookah users are exposed to not only carcinogenic compounds but also microorganisms that may play an active role in the development of both infectious and chronic diseases among users. Nevertheless, existing hookah research in this area has focused only on microorganisms that may be transferred to users through the smoking apparatus and not on bacterial communities associated with hookah tobacco. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted time-series experiments on commercially available hookah brands (Al Fakher (flavors: two apple, mint, and watermelon) and Fumari (flavors: white gummy bear, ambrosia, and mint chocolate chill)) stored under three different temperature and relative humidity conditions over 14 days. To characterize bacterial communities, the total DNA was extracted on days 0, 5, 9, and 14, PCR-amplified for the V3V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq platform, and analyzed using R. Diversity (alpha and beta) analyses revealed that the microbiotas of Fumari and Al Fakher products differed significantly and that flavor had a significant effect on the hookah microbiota. Overall, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Sphingomonas, and Methylobacterium were the predominant bacterial taxa across all products. Additionally, we observed compositional differences between hookah brands across the 14-day incubation. These data suggest that the bacterial communities of hookah tobacco are diverse and differ across brands and flavors, which may have critical implications regarding exposures to specific bacteria among hookah users. Key points • Commercial hookah products harbor diverse bacterial communities. • Brands and flavors impact the diversity of these communities. • Research on their viability and transmission to users’ respiratory tracts is needed. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-12079-7.
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17
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Liu X, Sun W, Ma W, Wang H, Xu K, Zhao L, He Y. Smoking related environmental microbes affecting the pulmonary microbiome in Chinese population. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154652. [PMID: 35307427 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a serious public health problem that affects human health conditions. Although there is evidence that microorganisms are associated with smoking-related lung diseases, the relationship between the rich lung microbiome of upper respiratory tract groups and smoking has not been studied. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the effects of smoking on environmental microbes and lung microbiome in the Chinese population and provided clues for the role of smoking in the development of respiratory disease. METHODS Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected from 55 individuals with a history of smoking. Microbial gene sequencing was carried out through NGS technology. We analyzed and compared the diversity, community structure, and species abundance of bronchoalveolar lavage microbiome between smokers and nonsmokers, to speculate the effects of smoking on the lung microbiome. RESULTS Smoking hardly affected the α diversity of microbial groups of bronchoalveolar lavage, but it had a huge influence on the microbiome composition. The relative abundance of Rothia, Actinomycetes, Haemophilus, Porphyrins, Neisseria, Acinetobacter, and Streptococcus genera had a remarkable increase in the smoking group. On the other hand, the relative abundance of Plusella and Veronella decreased significantly. CONCLUSION Smoking may change the environmental microbes and then alter the structure of the lung microbiome, which may lead to smoking-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Liu
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenwen Sun
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weiqi Ma
- SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kandi Xu
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lishu Zhao
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yayi He
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Herremans KM, Riner AN, Cameron ME, McKinley KL, Triplett EW, Hughes SJ, Trevino JG. The oral microbiome, pancreatic cancer and human diversity in the age of precision medicine. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:93. [PMID: 35701831 PMCID: PMC9199224 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease with limited diagnostic and treatment options. Not all populations are affected equally, as disparities exist in pancreatic cancer prevalence, treatment and outcomes. Recently, next-generation sequencing has facilitated a more comprehensive analysis of the human oral microbiome creating opportunity for its application in precision medicine. Oral microbial shifts occur in patients with pancreatic cancer, which may be appreciated years prior to their diagnosis. In addition, pathogenic bacteria common in the oral cavity have been found within pancreatic tumors. Despite these findings, much remains unknown about how or why the oral microbiome differs in patients with pancreatic cancer. As individuals develop, their oral microbiome reflects both their genotype and environmental influences. Genetics, race/ethnicity, smoking, socioeconomics and age affect the composition of the oral microbiota, which may ultimately play a role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed to explain the oral dysbiosis found in patients with pancreatic cancer though they have yet to be confirmed. With a better understanding of the interplay between the oral microbiome and pancreatic cancer, improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches may be implemented to reduce healthcare disparities. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Herremans
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100286, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Andrea N. Riner
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100286, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Miles E. Cameron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100286, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Kelley L. McKinley
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110700, Gainesville, FL 32611-0700 USA
| | - Eric W. Triplett
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110700, Gainesville, FL 32611-0700 USA
| | - Steven J. Hughes
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100286, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Jose G. Trevino
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1200 E Broad St, Richmond, VA 23298-0645 USA
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Simpson S, Mclellan R, Wellmeyer E, Matalon F, George O. Drugs and Bugs: The Gut-Brain Axis and Substance Use Disorders. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2022; 17:33-61. [PMID: 34694571 PMCID: PMC9074906 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) represent a significant public health crisis. Worldwide, 5.4% of the global disease burden is attributed to SUDs and alcohol use, and many more use psychoactive substances recreationally. Often associated with comorbidities, SUDs result in changes to both brain function and physiological responses. Mounting evidence calls for a precision approach for the treatment and diagnosis of SUDs, and the gut microbiome is emerging as a contributor to such disorders. Over the last few centuries, modern lifestyles, diets, and medical care have altered the health of the microbes that live in and on our bodies; as we develop, our diets and lifestyle dictate which microbes flourish and which microbes vanish. An increase in antibiotic treatments, with many antibiotic interventions occurring early in life during the microbiome's normal development, transforms developing microbial communities. Links have been made between the microbiome and SUDs, and the microbiome and conditions that are often comorbid with SUDs such as anxiety, depression, pain, and stress. A better understanding of the mechanisms influencing behavioral changes and drug use is critical in developing novel treatments for SUDSs. Targeting the microbiome as a therapeutic and diagnostic tool is a promising avenue of exploration. This review will provide an overview of the role of the gut-brain axis in a wide range of SUDs, discuss host and microbe pathways that mediate changes in the brain's response to drugs, and the microbes and related metabolites that impact behavior and health within the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, US.
| | - Rio Mclellan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, US
| | - Emma Wellmeyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, US
| | - Frederic Matalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, US
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, US
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Tyx RE, Rivera AJ, Satten GA, Keong LM, Kuklenyik P, Lee GE, Lawler TS, Kimbrell JB, Stanfill SB, Valentin-Blasini L, Watson CH. Associations between microbial communities and key chemical constituents in U.S. domestic moist snuff. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267104. [PMID: 35507593 PMCID: PMC9067656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smokeless tobacco (ST) products are widely used throughout the world and contribute to morbidity and mortality in users through an increased risk of cancers and oral diseases. Bacterial populations in ST contribute to taste, but their presence can also create carcinogenic, Tobacco-Specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs). Previous studies of microbial communities in tobacco products lacked chemistry data (e.g. nicotine, TSNAs) to characterize the products and identify associations between carcinogen levels and taxonomic groups. This study uses statistical analysis to identify potential associations between microbial and chemical constituents in moist snuff products. METHODS We quantitatively analyzed 38 smokeless tobacco products for TSNAs using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and nicotine using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Moisture content determinations (by weight loss on drying), and pH measurements were also performed. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the microbial composition, and additionally measured total 16S bacterial counts using a quantitative PCR assay. RESULTS Our findings link chemical constituents to their associated bacterial populations. We found core taxonomic groups often varied between manufacturers. When manufacturer and flavor were controlled for as confounding variables, the genus Lactobacillus was found to be positively associated with TSNAs. while the genera Enteractinococcus and Brevibacterium were negatively associated. Three genera (Corynebacterium, Brachybacterium, and Xanthomonas) were found to be negatively associated with nicotine concentrations. Associations were also investigated separately for products from each manufacturer. Products from one manufacturer had a positive association between TSNAs and bacteria in the genus Marinilactibacillus. Additionally, we found that TSNA levels in many products were lower compared with previously published chemical surveys. Finally, we observed consistent results when either relative or absolute abundance data were analyzed, while results from analyses of log-ratio-transformed abundances were divergent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Tyx
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Angel J. Rivera
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Glen A. Satten
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Keong
- Battelle Analytical Services, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Peter Kuklenyik
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Grace E. Lee
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tameka S. Lawler
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jacob B. Kimbrell
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Stephen B. Stanfill
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Liza Valentin-Blasini
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Clifford H. Watson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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21
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Yang HT, Xiu WJ, Liu JK, Yang Y, Zhang YJ, Zheng YY, Wu TT, Hou XG, Wu CX, Ma YT, Xie X. Characteristics of the Intestinal Microorganisms in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients: Effects of Smoking. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1628-1638. [PMID: 35071858 PMCID: PMC8771693 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Smoking affects the occurrence and development of many diseases. We attempt to study the structure of intestinal flora in the middle-aged and elderly population as well as how smoking affects the intestinal flora. Methods: We collected population information, biochemical indicators, and patient feces from 188 middle-aged and elderly male patients, and their feces were tested for the 16S rRNA gene of intestinal flora. Results: We performed a cluster analysis on the intestinal structure of the included population and found that there was a significant difference in the number of smokers between each group (p = 0.011). Subsequently, the microbiological diversity analysis of current smokers and nonsmokers was carried out. The results indicated that there was a significant difference in species composition between the two groups (p = 0.029). Through the analysis on LEfSe differential bacteria, it was found that in current smoking patients, the abundances of the genus Bifidobacterium and the genus Coprobacillus were less, while the abundances of the genera Shigella, Paraprevotella, Burkholderia, Sutterella, Megamonas, and p-75-a5 under the family level of Erysipelotrichaceae were slightly high. We analyzed the correlation between the abundances of these eight different bacteria and clinical indicators. The results revealed the following: the abundance of the genus Bifidobacterium was negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose (r = -0.198, p = 0.006) and positively correlated with uric acid (r = 0.207, p = 0.004) and total bilirubin (r = 0.175, p = 0.017); Shigella bacteria were positively correlated with fasting blood glucose (r = 0.160, p = 0.028) and uric acid (r = 0.153, p = 0.036) levels; the genus Paraprevotella and BMI (r = -0.172, p = 0.018) are negatively correlated; the abundance of the genus Burkholderia was positively correlated with γ-glutamyltransferase (r = 0.146, p = 0.045) levels; Sutterella was correlated with fasting blood glucose (r = 0.143, p = 0.05) and creatinine level (r = -0.16, p = 0.027), which was positively correlated with fasting blood glucose and negatively correlated with creatinine. Conclusions: In middle-aged and elderly patients with cardiovascular disease, smoking can reduce the abundance of Bifidobacterium, while the abundances of some negative bacteria such as Burkholderia, Sutterella, and Megamonas increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Yang
- Department
of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital
of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Wen-Juan Xiu
- Department
of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital
of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jing-Kun Liu
- Department
of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of
Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department
of Cardiology Fourth Ward, Xinjiang Medical
University Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yan-jun Zhang
- Department
of Clinical Research Center, People’s
Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zheng
- Department
of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital
of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair
of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- Department
of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital
of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xian-Geng Hou
- Department
of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital
of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Cheng-Xin Wu
- Department
of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital
of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- Department
of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital
of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xiang Xie
- Department
of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital
of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
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22
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Ye J, Ding Y, Qi X, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang Z. Geographic and position-based variations in phyllospheric bacterial communities present on flue-cured tobacco. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:9297-9308. [PMID: 34792639 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although tobacco leaves (TLs) contain abundant bacteria, how the geography and leaf position of TLs affect these bacteria is unclear. Here, TLs at different positions from Henan (HN, strong flavor style) and Yunnan (YN, fresh flavor style) provinces were collected, and the bacteria were characterized by Illumina sequencing at harvest and 1 year of storage. Bacterial communities were very different between TLs originating from different geographical areas and positions, and beta diversity analysis showed that leaf position was the most important factor for phyllospheric bacterial communities, followed by geographical area and storage time. At the genus level, Subdoligranulum, Thermus, and Acinetobacter were obviously more abundant in HN than in YN, while Blautia and Ruminococcus were significantly more abundant in YN. These differences in bacterial communities decreased after 1 year of storage, indicating that the microbiota tends to become similar during tobacco processing. Storage time also affected the phyllospheric bacteria of TLs, as the bacterial communities shifted significantly on both HN and YN TLs after 1 year of storage. Significant differences in the predicted genes were also observed between the different geographic locations and leaf positions. Potential human pathogens, including Acinetobacter, Methylobacterium, and Escherichia-Shigella, were greatly different between TLs originating from different areas and positions. These data suggested that geographic variations and positions were associated with phyllospheric bacterial communities on TLs, which may be related to not only the flavor style and quality of TLs but also the potential health risks to humans. KEY POINTS: • Tobacco leaf position and tobacco growth location affected bacterial communities. • Microbial communities of TLs shifted significantly after one year of storage. • Potential human pathogens differed at different leaf positions and growth locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Translational Tumor Medicine in Fujian Province, Putian University, Putian City, 351100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yilang Ding
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaona Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Tumor Medicine in Fujian Province, Putian University, Putian City, 351100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xuepeng Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China.
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Techonology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd.,, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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23
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Hu X, Fan Y, Li H, Zhou R, Zhao X, Sun Y, Zhang S. Impacts of Cigarette Smoking Status on Metabolomic and Gut Microbiota Profile in Male Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Multi-Omics Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:766739. [PMID: 34778417 PMCID: PMC8581230 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.766739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cigarette smoking has been considered a modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Changes in gut microbiota and microbe-derived metabolites have been shown to influence atherosclerotic pathogenesis. However, the effect of cigarette smoking on the gut microbiome and serum metabolites in CAD remains unclear. Method: We profiled the gut microbiota and serum metabolites of 113 male participants with diagnosed CAD including 46 current smokers, 34 former smokers, and 33 never smokers by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics study. A follow-up study was conducted. PICRUSt2 was used for metagenomic functional prediction of important bacterial taxa. Results: In the analysis of the microbial composition, the current smokers were characterized with depleted Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Akkermansia muciniphila, and enriched Enterococcus faecium, Haemophilus parainfluenzae compared with the former and never smokers. In the untargeted serum metabolomic study, we observed and annotated 304 discriminant metabolites, uniquely including ceramides, acyl carnitines, and glycerophospholipids. Pathway analysis revealed a significantly changed sphingolipids metabolism related to cigarette smoking. However, the change of the majority of the discriminant metabolites is possibly reversible after smoking cessation. While performing PICRUSt2 metagenomic prediction, several key enzymes (wbpA, nadM) were identified to possibly explain the cross talk between gut microbiota and metabolomic changes associated with smoking. Moreover, the multi-omics analysis revealed that specific changes in bacterial taxa were associated with disease severity or outcomes by mediating metabolites such as glycerophospholipids. Conclusions: Our results indicated that both the gut microbiota composition and metabolomic profile of current smokers are different from that of never smokers. The present study may provide new insights into understanding the heterogenic influences of cigarette smoking on atherosclerotic pathogenesis by modulating gut microbiota as well as circulating metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Hu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Fan
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hanyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruilin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yueshen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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24
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Morrow JD, Castaldi PJ, Chase RP, Yun JH, Lee S, Liu YY, Hersh CP. Peripheral blood microbial signatures in current and former smokers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19875. [PMID: 34615932 PMCID: PMC8494912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome has a role in the development of multiple diseases. Individual microbiome profiles are highly personalized, though many species are shared. Understanding the relationship between the human microbiome and disease may inform future individualized treatments. We hypothesize the blood microbiome signature may be a surrogate for some lung microbial characteristics. We sought associations between the blood microbiome signature and lung-relevant host factors. Based on reads not mapped to the human genome, we detected microbial nucleic acids through secondary use of peripheral blood RNA-sequencing from 2,590 current and former smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from the COPDGene study. We used the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) microbial pipeline PathSeq to infer microbial profiles. We tested associations between the inferred profiles and lung disease relevant phenotypes and examined links to host gene expression pathways. We replicated our analyses using a second independent set of blood RNA-seq data from 1,065 COPDGene study subjects and performed a meta-analysis across the two studies. The four phyla with highest abundance across all subjects were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. In our meta-analysis, we observed associations (q-value < 0.05) between Acinetobacter, Serratia, Streptococcus and Bacillus inferred abundances and Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea score. Current smoking status was associated (q < 0.05) with Acinetobacter, Serratia and Cutibacterium abundance. All 12 taxa investigated were associated with at least one white blood cell distribution variable. Abundance for nine of the 12 taxa was associated with sex, and seven of the 12 taxa were associated with race. Host-microbiome interaction analysis revealed clustering of genera associated with mMRC dyspnea score and smoking status, through shared links to several host pathways. This study is the first to identify a bacterial microbiome signature in the peripheral blood of current and former smokers. Understanding the relationships between systemic microbial signatures and lung-related phenotypes may inform novel interventions and aid understanding of the systemic effects of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrett D Morrow
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Peter J Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Robert P Chase
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jeong H Yun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sool Lee
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yang-Yu Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Craig P Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Elgamal Z, Singh P, Geraghty P. The Upper Airway Microbiota, Environmental Exposures, Inflammation, and Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57080823. [PMID: 34441029 PMCID: PMC8402057 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Along with playing vital roles in pathogen exclusion and immune system priming, the upper airways (UAs) and their microbiota are essential for myriad physiological functions such as conditioning and transferring inhaled air. Dysbiosis, a microbial imbalance, is linked with various diseases and significantly impedes the quality of one’s life. Daily inhaled exposures and/or underlying conditions contribute to adverse changes to the UA microbiota. Such variations in the microbial community exacerbate UA and pulmonary disorders via modulating inflammatory and immune pathways. Hence, exploring the UA microbiota’s role in maintaining homeostasis is imperative. The microbial composition and subsequent relationship with airborne exposures, inflammation, and disease are crucial for strategizing innovating UA diagnostics and therapeutics. The development of a healthy UA microbiota early in life contributes to normal respiratory development and function in the succeeding years. Although different UA cavities present a unique microbial profile, geriatrics have similar microbes across their UAs. This lost community segregation may contribute to inflammation and disease, as it stimulates disadvantageous microbial–microbial and microbial–host interactions. Varying inflammatory profiles are associated with specific microbial compositions, while the same is true for many disease conditions and environmental exposures. A shift in the microbial composition is also detected upon the administration of numerous therapeutics, highlighting other beneficial and adverse side effects. This review examines the role of the UA microbiota in achieving homeostasis, and the impact on the UAs of environmental airborne pollutants, inflammation, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyad Elgamal
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Centre, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Pratyush Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada;
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Centre, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-718-270-3141
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26
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Sinclair RG, Somsamouth K, Sahar D, Englert R, Singh P. Microbial contamination in the communal-use Lao tobacco waterpipe. Int Health 2021; 13:344-349. [PMID: 33049758 PMCID: PMC7665567 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaa078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of the Asian tobacco waterpipe (TWP) in the Lao People's Democratic Republic represents a potential communal source of infectious disease. This practice of smoking can lead to weakened defences of a smoker's respiratory epithelium, making the smoker vulnerable to respiratory diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019, tuberculosis and others. METHODS This study evaluated the water quality and hygiene factors among 43 smokers of five villages in rural Luang Namtha Province. Water samples were collected from participant's TWPs and assessed for the presence of Escherichia coli, coliforms and aerobic plate count (APC) bacteria using the 3M Petrifilm. RESULTS The microbial indicator testing results were 95% positive for the APC, 38% positive for coliforms and 17% positive for the E. coli indicator. The concentrations were highest for the APC, with an average of 106 colony forming units (cfu)/ml, followed by coliforms with <100 cfu/ml and lowest for E. coli with <10 cfu/ml. Most TWPs were infrequently cleaned, heavily used and contained a warm, brown-coloured water. CONCLUSIONS The warm, dark and moist internal water container may facilitate microbial survival and growth. The use of a TWP adds several unstudied modes of transmission to a complex and common biobehavioural and environmental pathogen exposure. Future TWP cessation activities should be tailored to consider risks of infectious disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G Sinclair
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, 24951 N. Circle Drive, Nichol Hall 2014, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Khamphithoun Somsamouth
- Centre of Information and Education for Health, Ministry of Health, Simuang Road, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR
| | - Demetria Sahar
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, 24951 N. Circle Drive, Nichol Hall 2014, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Robyn Englert
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, 24951 N. Circle Drive, Nichol Hall 2014, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Pramil Singh
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, 24951 N. Circle Drive, Nichol Hall 2014, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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27
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Losol P, Choi JP, Kim SH, Chang YS. The Role of Upper Airway Microbiome in the Development of Adult Asthma. Immune Netw 2021; 21:e19. [PMID: 34277109 PMCID: PMC8263217 DOI: 10.4110/in.2021.21.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and molecular phenotypes of asthma are complex. The main phenotypes of adult asthma are characterized by eosinophil and/or neutrophil cell dominant airway inflammation that represent distinct clinical features. Upper and lower airways constitute a unique system and their interaction shows functional complementarity. Although human upper airway contains various indigenous commensals and opportunistic pathogenic microbiome, imbalance of this interactions lead to pathogen overgrowth and increased inflammation and airway remodeling. Competition for epithelial cell attachment, different susceptibilities to host defense molecules and antimicrobial peptides, and the production of proinflammatory cytokine and pattern recognition receptors possibly determine the pattern of this inflammation. Exposure to environmental factors, including infection, air pollution, smoking is commonly associated with asthma comorbidity, severity, exacerbation and resistance to anti-microbial and steroid treatment, and these effects may also be modulated by host and microbial genetics. Administration of probiotic, antibiotic and corticosteroid treatment for asthma may modify the composition of resident microbiota and clinical features. This review summarizes the effect of some environmental factors on the upper respiratory microbiome, the interaction between host-microbiome, and potential impact of asthma treatment on the composition of the upper airway microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purevsuren Losol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Council, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Pyo Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Council, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Council, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Rivera AJ, Tyx RE. Microbiology of the American Smokeless Tobacco. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4843-4853. [PMID: 34110473 PMCID: PMC8190171 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11382-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco products (STP) contain diverse microbial communities that contribute to the formation of harmful chemical byproducts. This is concerning since 300 million individuals around the globe are users of smokeless tobacco. Significant evidence has shown that microbial metabolic activities mediate the formation of carcinogens during manufacturing. In recent years, studies have revealed a series of additional health impacts that include lesions and inflammation of the oral mucosa and the gastrointestinal tract, as well as alterations of the endogenous microbiota. These findings are due to recent developments in molecular technologies that allowed researchers to better examine the microbial component of these products. This new information illustrates the scale of the STP microbiota and its diversity in the finished product that is sold for consumption. Additionally, the application of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics has provided the tools to look at phylogenies across bacterial, viral, and eukaryotic groups, their functional capacities, and viability. Here we present key examples of tobacco microbiology research that utilizes newer approaches and strategies to define the microbial component of smokeless tobacco products. We also highlight challenges in these approaches, the knowledge gaps being filled, and those gaps that warrant further study. A better understanding of the microbiology of STP brings vast public health benefits. It will provide important information for the product consumer, impact manufacturing practices, and provide support for the development of attainable and more meaningful regulatory goals. KEY POINTS: Newer technologies allowed quicker and more comprehensive identification of microbes in tobacco samples, encapsulating microorganisms difficult or impossible to culture. Current research in smokeless tobacco microbiology is filling knowledge gaps previously unfilled due to the lack of suitable approaches. The microbial ecology of smokeless tobacco presents a clearer picture of diversity and variability not considered before.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Rivera
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE M.S. S110-03, Atlanta, GA, 30341-3717, USA.
| | - R E Tyx
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE M.S. S110-03, Atlanta, GA, 30341-3717, USA
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29
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Prakash A, Peters BA, Cobbs E, Beggs D, Choi H, Li H, Hayes RB, Ahn J. Tobacco Smoking and the Fecal Microbiome in a Large, Multi-ethnic Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1328-1335. [PMID: 34020999 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that tobacco smoking, a well-known driver of carcinogenesis, influences the gut microbiome; however, these relationships remain understudied in diverse populations. Thus, we performed an analysis of smoking and the gut microbiome in a subset of 803 adults from the multi-ethnic NYU FAMiLI study. METHODS We assessed fecal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and clustered samples into Amplicon Sequence Variants using QIIME2. We evaluated inferred microbial pathway abundance using PICRUSt. We compared population β-diversity, and relative taxonomic and functional pathway abundance, between never smokers, former smokers, and current smokers. RESULTS We found that the overall composition of the fecal microbiome in former and current smokers differs significantly from that of never smokers. The taxa Prevotella and Veillonellaceae were enriched in current and former smokers, whereas the taxa Lachnospira and Tenericutes were depleted, relative to never smokers. These shifts were consistent across racial and ethnic subgroups. Relative to never smokers, the abundance of taxa enriched in current smokers were positively correlated with the imputed abundance of pathways involving smoking-associated toxin breakdown and response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest common mechanisms of smoking associated microbial change across racial subgroups, regardless of initial microbiome composition. The correlation of these differentials with ROS exposure pathways may suggest a role for these taxa in the known association between smoking, ROS and carcinogenesis. IMPACT Smoking shifts in the microbiome may be independent of initial composition, stimulating further studies on the microbiome in carcinogenesis and cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Prakash
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.,Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Brandilyn A Peters
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Emilia Cobbs
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Dia Beggs
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Heesun Choi
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.,Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jiyoung Ahn
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York. .,Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
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30
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Axelrod T, Eltzov E, Lerman M, Harpaz D, Marks RS. Cigarette smoke toxicity modes of action estimated by a bioluminescent bioreporter bacterial panel. Talanta 2021; 226:122076. [PMID: 33676644 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is considered to be a risk factor for several chronic diseases and even premature death. However, despite the importance of this detrimental habit, little seems known in terms of the overall toxicity potential of its ingredients in humans. In this study, a panel of genetically modified bioluminescent bioreporter bacteria was used to evaluate its usefulness in estimating the cigarette smoke's complex molecular mixture on a bacterial toxicity-bioreporter panel, both filtered or unfiltered. This work enabled to confirm the usefulness of cigarette filters, with better protection found in higher priced brands despite both having genotoxic and cytotoxic attributes. Quorum sensing interference was also shown, which may explain why cigarette smokers are at greater risk for pulmonary infections. Moreover, the findings of this study support the fact that the filter is a dominating contributor to reducing the harm caused by cigarette smoke. Increased efforts should be conducted to reduce the harmful effects of cigarette smoke, via increasingly effective filters. To conclude, the panel of bioreporter bacteria was found to be useful in the evaluation of the general effect of the toxic mixture found in cigarette smoke and therefore has the potential to be used in cigarette research, helping researchers pinpoint the reduction of toxicity when working with filter improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Axelrod
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Evgeni Eltzov
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Merav Lerman
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Dorin Harpaz
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel; Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Robert S Marks
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel; The Ilse Katz Center for Meso and Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel.
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Chattopadhyay S, Malayil L, Mongodin EF, Sapkota AR. A roadmap from unknowns to knowns: Advancing our understanding of the microbiomes of commercially available tobacco products. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2633-2645. [PMID: 33704513 PMCID: PMC7948171 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is still the leading cause of preventable diseases and death in the USA and throughout the globe. Under Section 904(a)(3) of the US Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, tobacco manufacturing companies need to report on quantities of harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) in all tobacco products. While the extensive HPHC list of 2012 includes 93 chemicals, which are categorized as carcinogenic, respiratory, cardiovascular, or reproductive toxicants or addictive compounds, it fails to include microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) that have been shown to contribute to adverse health outcomes among tobacco users. Nevertheless, over the last 50 years, researchers have studied microorganisms in a variety of tobacco products using both culture-based and culture-independent techniques. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of this body of research, detailing the bacterial and fungal microbiomes residing in commercial tobacco products. Overall, studies have characterized over 89 unique bacterial genera and 19 fungal genera in cigarettes, cigars, cigarillos, hookah, and smokeless tobacco. The most predominant bacterial genera are Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus. Fungal genera identified have included Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Streptomyces, and Candida, to name a few. While some of the identified microorganisms are known human pathogens, others are potential opportunistic pathogens. Given the vast array of microorganisms that are present across diverse types of tobacco products, future research should be focused on the viability of these microorganisms, as well as their ability to transfer to the user's respiratory tract, potentially contributing to adverse health outcomes. KEY POINTS: • Commercial tobacco products harbor diverse bacterial and fungal communities. • Some of these microorganisms are known or opportunistic human pathogens. • Research on their viability and transmission to users' respiratory tracts is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhana Chattopadhyay
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Leena Malayil
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Emmanuel F Mongodin
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy R Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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Crosstalk Between Lung and Extrapulmonary Organs in Infection and Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:333-350. [PMID: 33788201 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic lung inflammation is a risk factor for various diseases involving lungs and extrapulmonary organs. Intercellular and interorgan networks, including crosstalk between lung and brain, intestine, heart, liver, and kidney, coordinate host immunity against infection, protect tissue, and maintain homeostasis. However, this interaction may be counterproductive and cause acute or chronic comorbidities due to dysregulated inflammation in the lung. In this chapter, we review the relationship of the lung with other key organs during normal cell processes and disease development. We focus on how pneumonia may lead to a systemic pathophysiological response to acute lung injury and chronic lung disease through organ interactions, which can facilitate the development of undesirable and even deleterious extrapulmonary sequelae.
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Sublette MG, Cross TWL, Korcarz CE, Hansen KM, Murga-Garrido SM, Hazen SL, Wang Z, Oguss MK, Rey FE, Stein JH. Effects of Smoking and Smoking Cessation on the Intestinal Microbiota. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092963. [PMID: 32937839 PMCID: PMC7564179 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated associations of smoking heaviness markers and the effects of smoking cessation on the intestinal microbiota and cardiovascular disease risk factors in current smokers undertaking a quit attempt. Participants were current smokers enrolled in a prospective randomized clinical trial of smoking cessation therapies with visits at baseline, 2, and 12 weeks. Genomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis using the QIIME2 software workflow. Relative abundances of bacterial taxa and alpha- and beta-diversity measures were used for comparisons. The 36 smokers were (mean (standard deviation)) 51.5 (11.1) years old (42% male) and smoked 15.1 (6.4) cigarettes per day for 22.7 (11.9) pack-years. Relative abundances of the phylum Actinobacteria correlated with pack-years (rho = −0.44, p = 0.008) and Cyanobacteria correlated with CO levels (rho = 0.39, p = 0.021). After 12 weeks, relative abundances of the phylum Bacteroidetes increased (pANCOVA = 0.048) and Firmicutes decreased (pANCOVA = 0.036) among abstainers compared to continuing smokers. Increases in alpha-diversity were associated with heart rates (rho = −0.59, p = 0.037), systolic blood pressures (rho = −0.58, p = 0.043), and C-reactive protein (rho = −0.60, p = 0.034). Smoking cessation led to minor changes in the intestinal microbiota. It is unclear if the proven health benefits of smoking cessation lead to salutary changes in the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus G. Sublette
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (M.G.S.); (C.E.K.); (K.M.H.); (M.K.O.)
| | - Tzu-Wen L. Cross
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA;
| | - Claudia E. Korcarz
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (M.G.S.); (C.E.K.); (K.M.H.); (M.K.O.)
| | - Kristin M. Hansen
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (M.G.S.); (C.E.K.); (K.M.H.); (M.K.O.)
| | - Sofia M. Murga-Garrido
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (S.M.M.-G.); (S.L.H.); (F.E.R.)
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (S.M.M.-G.); (S.L.H.); (F.E.R.)
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Madeline K. Oguss
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (M.G.S.); (C.E.K.); (K.M.H.); (M.K.O.)
| | - Federico E. Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (S.M.M.-G.); (S.L.H.); (F.E.R.)
| | - James H. Stein
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (M.G.S.); (C.E.K.); (K.M.H.); (M.K.O.)
- Correspondence:
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Eguiluz‐Gracia I, Mathioudakis AG, Bartel S, Vijverberg SJH, Fuertes E, Comberiati P, Cai YS, Tomazic PV, Diamant Z, Vestbo J, Galan C, Hoffmann B. The need for clean air: The way air pollution and climate change affect allergic rhinitis and asthma. Allergy 2020; 75:2170-2184. [PMID: 31916265 DOI: 10.1111/all.14177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution and climate change have a significant impact on human health and well-being and contribute to the onset and aggravation of allergic rhinitis and asthma among other chronic respiratory diseases. In Westernized countries, households have experienced a process of increasing insulation and individuals tend to spend most of their time indoors. These sequelae implicate a high exposure to indoor allergens (house dust mites, pets, molds, etc), tobacco smoke, and other pollutants, which have an impact on respiratory health. Outdoor air pollution derived from traffic and other human activities not only has a direct negative effect on human health but also enhances the allergenicity of some plants and contributes to global warming. Climate change modifies the availability and distribution of plant- and fungal-derived allergens and increases the frequency of extreme climate events. This review summarizes the effects of indoor air pollution, outdoor air pollution, and subsequent climate change on asthma and allergic rhinitis in children and adults and addresses the policy adjustments and lifestyle changes required to mitigate their deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibon Eguiluz‐Gracia
- Allergy Unit IBIMA‐Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga‐UMA Malaga Spain
| | - Alexander G. Mathioudakis
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine School of Biological Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester Academic Health Science Centre UK
- North West Lung Centre Wythenshawe Hospital Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust Southmoor Road Manchester UK
| | - Sabine Bartel
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease, Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center Member of the German Research Center for Lung Research (DZL) Borstel Germany
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University Medical Center Groningen GRIAC Research Institute University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Susanne J. H. Vijverberg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Elaine Fuertes
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK
| | - Pasquale Comberiati
- Section of Paediatrics Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa Pisa Italy
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology Sechenov University Moscow Russia
| | - Yutong Samuel Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics MRC Centre for Environment and Health School of Public Health Imperial College London London UK
- The George Institute for Global Health University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Peter Valentin Tomazic
- Department of General ORL, Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology Institute for Clinical Science Skane University Hospital Lund University Lund Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Thomayer Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jørgen Vestbo
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine School of Biological Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester Academic Health Science Centre UK
- North West Lung Centre Wythenshawe Hospital Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust Southmoor Road Manchester UK
| | - Carmen Galan
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology International Campus of Excellence on Agrifood (ceiA3) University of Córdoba Córdoba Spain
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine Medical Faculty University of Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
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Nolan-Kenney R, Wu F, Hu J, Yang L, Kelly D, Li H, Jasmine F, Kibriya MG, Parvez F, Shaheen I, Sarwar G, Ahmed A, Eunus M, Islam T, Pei Z, Ahsan H, Chen Y. The Association Between Smoking and Gut Microbiome in Bangladesh. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:1339-1346. [PMID: 31794002 PMCID: PMC7364824 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological studies that investigate alterations in the gut microbial composition associated with smoking are lacking. This study examined the composition of the gut microbiome in smokers compared with nonsmokers. AIMS AND METHODS Stool samples were collected in a cross-sectional study of 249 participants selected from the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study in Bangladesh. Microbial DNA was extracted from the fecal samples and sequenced by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The associations of smoking status and intensity of smoking with the relative abundance or the absence and presence of individual bacterial taxon from phylum to genus levels were examined. RESULTS The relative abundance of bacterial taxa along the Erysipelotrichi-to-Catenibacterium lineage was significantly higher in current smokers compared to never-smokers. The odds ratio comparing the mean relative abundance in current smokers with that in never-smokers was 1.91 (95% confidence interval = 1.36-2.69) for the genus Catenibacterium and 1.89 (95% confidence interval = 1.39-2.56) for the family Erysipelotrichaceae, the order Erysipelotrichale, and the class Erysipelotrichi (false discovery rate-adjusted p values = .0008-.01). A dose-response association was observed for each of these bacterial taxa. The presence of Alphaproteobacteria was significantly greater comparing current with never-smokers (odds ratio = 4.85, false discovery rate-adjusted p values = .04). CONCLUSIONS Our data in a Bangladeshi population are consistent with evidence of an association between smoking status and dosage with change in the gut bacterial composition. IMPLICATIONS This study for the first time examined the relationship between smoking and the gut microbiome composition. The data suggest that smoking status may play an important role in the composition of the gut microbiome, especially among individuals with higher levels of tobacco exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Nolan-Kenney
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Fen Wu
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jiyuan Hu
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Liying Yang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- The Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY
| | - Dervla Kelly
- Health Research Institute, Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Farzana Jasmine
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Institute for Population and Precision Health, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Muhammad G Kibriya
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Institute for Population and Precision Health, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Faruque Parvez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Ishrat Shaheen
- Department of Informatics, U-Chicago Research Bangladesh, Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Golam Sarwar
- Department of Informatics, U-Chicago Research Bangladesh, Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Alauddin Ahmed
- Department of Informatics, U-Chicago Research Bangladesh, Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbub Eunus
- Department of Informatics, U-Chicago Research Bangladesh, Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tariqul Islam
- Department of Health, Research & Training, U-Chicago Research Bangladesh, Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zhiheng Pei
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- The Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Institute for Population and Precision Health, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
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Malayil L, Chattopadhyay S, Kulkarni P, Hittle L, Clark PI, Mongodin EF, Sapkota AR. Mentholation triggers brand-specific shifts in the bacterial microbiota of commercial cigarette products. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6287-6297. [PMID: 32448997 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10681-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial communities are integral constituents of tobacco products. They originate from tobacco plants and are acquired during manufacturing processes, where they play a role in the production of tobacco-specific nitrosamines. In addition, tobacco bacterial constituents may play an important role in the development of infectious and chronic diseases among users. Nevertheless, tobacco bacterial communities have been largely unexplored, and the influence of tobacco flavor additives such as menthol (a natural antimicrobial) on tobacco bacterial communities is unclear. To bridge this knowledge gap, time series experiments including 5 mentholated and non-mentholated commercially available cigarettes-Marlboro red (non-menthol), Marlboro menthol, Newport menthol box, Newport menthol gold, and Newport non-menthol-were conducted. Each brand was stored under three different temperature and relative humidity conditions. To characterize bacterial communities, total DNA was extracted on days 0 and 14. Resulting DNA was purified and subjected to PCR of the V3V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, followed by sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq platform and analysis using the QIIME, phyloseq, metagenomeSeq, and DESeq software packages. Ordination analyses showed that the bacterial community composition of Marlboro cigarettes was different from that of Newport cigarettes. Additionally, bacterial profiles significantly differed between mentholated and non-mentholated Newports. Independently of storage conditions, tobacco brands were dominated by Proteobacteria, with the most dominant bacterial genera being Pseudomonas, unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, Bacillus, Erwinia, Sphingomonas, Acinetobacter, Agrobacterium, Staphylococcus, and Terribacillus. These data suggest that the bacterial communities of tobacco products differ across brands and that mentholation of tobacco can alter bacterial community composition of select brands. KEY POINTS: • Bacterial composition differed between the two brands of cigarettes. • Mentholation impacts cigarette microbiota. • Pseudomonas and Bacillus dominated the commercial cigarettes. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Malayil
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Suhana Chattopadhyay
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Prachi Kulkarni
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Lauren Hittle
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pamela I Clark
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuel F Mongodin
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy R Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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Wirth R, Maróti G, Mihók R, Simon-Fiala D, Antal M, Pap B, Demcsák A, Minarovits J, Kovács KL. A case study of salivary microbiome in smokers and non-smokers in Hungary: analysis by shotgun metagenome sequencing. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1773067. [PMID: 32922678 PMCID: PMC7448927 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1773067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the role of cigarette smoking in disease-development through altering the composition of the oral microbial community. Periodontitis and oral cancer are highly prevalent in Hungary; therefore, the salivary microbiome of smoker and non-smoker Hungarian adults was characterized. Methods Shotgun metagenome sequencing of salivary DNA samples from 22 individuals (11 non-smokers and 11 current smokers) was performed using the Ion Torrent PGMTM platform. Quality-filtered reads were analysed by both alignment-based sequence similarity searches and genome-centric binning. Results Prevotella, Veillonella and Streptococcus were the predominant genera in the saliva of both groups. Although the overall composition and diversity of the microbiota were similar, Prevotella was significantly more abundant in salivary samples of current smokers compared to non-smokers. Members of the genus Prevotella were implicated in the development of inflammatory diseases and oral cancer. The abundance of the genus Megasphaera also increased in current smokers, whereas the genera Neisseria, Oribacterium, Capnocytophaga and Porphyromonas were significantly reduced. The data generated by read-based taxonomic classification and genome-centric binning mutually validated the two distinct metagenomic approaches. Conclusion Smoking-associated dysbiosis of the salivary microbiome in current cigarette smokers, especially increased abundance of Prevotella and Megasphaera genera, may facilitate disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Wirth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Maróti
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Róbert Mihók
- Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Donát Simon-Fiala
- Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márk Antal
- Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Pap
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anett Demcsák
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Janos Minarovits
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kornél L Kovács
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is associated with substantial emergency department (ED) and inpatient burden. To date, few studies have evaluated the ED burden of CDI. Using the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, we evaluated trends in ED use, ED and inpatient charges, admission and mortality rates, length of stay, and independent risk factors for hospital admission and mortality after an ED visit. METHODS Using Nationwide Emergency Department Sample for 2006 through 2014, we identified all patients with the primary diagnosis of CDI (using diagnostic codes). We determined the trends in ED visits and used survey logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with hospital admission. RESULTS Overall, 909,236 ED visits for CDI resulted in 817,935 admissions (90%) to the hospital. The number of visits increased from 76,709 in 2006 to 106,869 in 2014, and the admission rate decreased from 92.4% to 84.4%. ED charges adjusted for inflation went up from US$1433.0 to 2900, a significant rise even accounting for inflation. The overall length of hospital stay decreased from 7 to 5.8 days. Independent predictors of admission after ED visits included smoking, use of alcohol, and presence of multiple comorbidities. Independent risk factors for mortality in admitted patients include increasing age and presence of comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS Although ED use for CDI increased, rates of hospital admission decreased over 9 years. Identification of predictors of admission and in-hospital mortality will help guide policies and interventions to reduce the burden on health care resources.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent evidence suggests that environmental exposures change the adult human microbiome. Here, we review recent evidence on the impact of the work microbiome and work-related chemical, metal and particulate exposures on the human microbiome. RECENT FINDINGS Prior literature on occupational microbial exposures has focused mainly on the respiratory effects of endotoxin, but a recent study suggests that not all endotoxin is the same; endotoxin from some species is proinflammatory, whereas endotoxin from other species is anti-inflammatory. Work with animals can change the adult human microbiome, likely through colonization. Early studies in military personnel and animal models of gulf war illness show that military exposures change the gut microbiome and increase gut permeability. Heavy metal and particulate matter exposure, which are often elevated in occupational settings, also change the gut microbiome. SUMMARY An emerging body of literature shows that work-related exposures can change the human microbiome. The health effects of these changes are currently not well studied. If work exposures lead to disease through alterations in the human microbiome, exposure cessation without addressing changes to the human microbiome may be ineffective for disease prevention and treatment.
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Zhou J, Yu L, Zhang J, Zhang X, Xue Y, Liu J, Zou X. Characterization of the core microbiome in tobacco leaves during aging. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e984. [PMID: 31893578 PMCID: PMC7066457 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiome plays an important role during the tobacco aging process which was an indispensable link in the production and processing of cigarettes. However, the structure and functions of microbiome have not been clarified during the tobacco aging process. In this study, 16S rDNA and ITS amplicon sequencing techniques were used to analyze the core microbiome of 15 tobacco samples from five different aging stages. The whole bacterial microbiome was classified into 29 microbial phyla and 132 orders. Enterobacteriales (63%), Pseudomonadales (16%), Sphingomonadales (8%), Xanthomonadales (4%), Burkholderiales (4%), Rhizobiales (3%), and Bacillales (2%) comprised the core bacterial microbiome. The whole fungal microbiome was classified into five microbial phyla and 52 orders. Incertae_sedis_Eurotiomycetes (27%), Wallemiales (25%), Sporidiobolales (17%), Capnodiales (5%), Eurotiales (2%), an unclassified Ascomycota (12%), and an unidentified Eurotiomycetes (4%) comprised the core fungal microbiome. FAPROTAX function prediction suggested that the core microbiome has a substantial potential for the carbon cycle, nitrate metabolism, aromatic compound degradation, chitinolysis, cellulolysis, and xylanolysis, but simultaneously, the core microbiome is also a source of human pathogens. The dynamics of the bacterial community were primarily determined by the total nitrogen in tobacco leaves during the aging process, while those of the fungal microbiome were primarily determined by total organic carbon. This study indicated that the core microbiome activities may play an important role in regulating the loss of carbon organic compounds and enhancing the secondary metabolites during tobacco leaves aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Zhou
- Department of EcologyInstitute of Fungal ResourcesCollege of Life SciencesGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Lifei Yu
- Department of EcologyInstitute of Fungal ResourcesCollege of Life SciencesGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education)Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro‐Bioengineering (CICMEAB)Guizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of EcologyInstitute of Fungal ResourcesCollege of Life SciencesGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Guizhou Tobacco Industry Limited Liability CompanyGuiyangChina
| | - Yuan Xue
- Guizhou Tobacco Company Anshun BranchAnshunChina
| | - Jing Liu
- Guizhou Tobacco Company Zunyi BranchZunyiChina
| | - Xiao Zou
- Department of EcologyInstitute of Fungal ResourcesCollege of Life SciencesGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
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41
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Kumpitsch C, Koskinen K, Schöpf V, Moissl-Eichinger C. The microbiome of the upper respiratory tract in health and disease. BMC Biol 2019; 17:87. [PMID: 31699101 PMCID: PMC6836414 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human upper respiratory tract (URT) offers a variety of niches for microbial colonization. Local microbial communities are shaped by the different characteristics of the specific location within the URT, but also by the interaction with both external and intrinsic factors, such as ageing, diseases, immune responses, olfactory function, and lifestyle habits such as smoking. We summarize here the current knowledge about the URT microbiome in health and disease, discuss methodological issues, and consider the potential of the nasal microbiome to be used for medical diagnostics and as a target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kumpitsch
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kaisa Koskinen
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Veronika Schöpf
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Present address: Medical University Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Moissl-Eichinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
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42
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Meyer PWA, Ally MMTM, Tikly M, Tintinger G, Winchow LL, Steel H, Anderson R. Tobacco-Derived Lipopolysaccharide, Not Microbial Translocation, as a Potential Contributor to the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:4693870. [PMID: 31780859 PMCID: PMC6874965 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4693870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), possibly driving a systemic inflammatory response that may trigger the development and/or exacerbation of the disease. To explore the existence of this mechanism in African RA patients, we have measured systemic levels of LPS and its surrogate, LPS-binding protein (LBP), as well as those of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D), and cotinine in serum to identify possible origins of LPS, as well as associations of these biomarkers with rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticitrullinated peptide (aCCP) autoantibodies and the DAS 28-3 clinical disease severity score. A cohort of 40 disease-modifying antirheumatic drug-naïve, black South African RA patients rated by compound disease scores and 20 healthy subjects and 10 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as controls were included in this study. Levels of the various biomarkers and autoantibodies were measured using a combination of ELISA and immunofluorimetric and immunoturbidometric procedures. LPS levels were lowest in the RA group compared to the healthy controls (p = 0.026) and COPD patients (p = 0.017), while LBP levels were also significantly lower in RA compared to the healthy individuals (p = 0.036). Levels of I-FABP and SP-D were comparable between all three groups. Categorisation of RA patients according to tobacco usage revealed the following significant positive correlations: LBP with C-reactive protein (p = 0.0137); a trend (p = 0.073) towards an association of LBP with the DAS 28-3 disease severity score; RF-IgG antibodies with both LPS and LBP (p = 0.033 and p = 0.041, respectively); aCCP-IgG antibodies with LPS (p = 0.044); and aCCP-IgG with RF-IgM autoantibodies (p = 0.0016). The findings of this study, several of them novel, imply that tobacco products, as opposed to microbial translocation, represent a potential source of LPS in this study cohort of RA patients, again underscoring the risks posed by tobacco usage for the development and severity of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter W. A. Meyer
- Department of Immunology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Services, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Mahmood M. T. M. Ally
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Tikly
- Division of Rheumatology, Chris Hani Baragwaneth Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Chris Hani Road, Johannesburg 2013, South Africa
| | - Gregory Tintinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Lai Ling Winchow
- Division of Rheumatology, Chris Hani Baragwaneth Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Chris Hani Road, Johannesburg 2013, South Africa
| | - Helen Steel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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43
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Huang C, Shi G. Smoking and microbiome in oral, airway, gut and some systemic diseases. J Transl Med 2019; 17:225. [PMID: 31307469 PMCID: PMC6632217 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome harbors a diverse array of microbes which establishes a mutually beneficial relation with the host in healthy conditions, however, the dynamic homeostasis is influenced by both host and environmental factors. Smoking contributes to modifications of the oral, lung and gut microbiome, leading to various diseases, such as periodontitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and cancers. However, the exact causal relationship between smoking and microbiome alteration remains to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Guochao Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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44
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Karabudak S, Ari O, Durmaz B, Dal T, Basyigit T, Kalcioglu MT, Durmaz R. Analysis of the effect of smoking on the buccal microbiome using next-generation sequencing technology. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1148-1158. [PMID: 31199220 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effect of smoking on the buccal microbiome and to analyse the descriptive ability of each of the seven hypervariable regions in their 16S rRNA genes. METHODOLOGY Microbiome compositions of 40 buccal swab samples collected from smokers (n =20) and non-smokers (n =20) were determined using 16S rRNA sequencing. Seven different 16S rRNA hypervariable regions (V2, V3, V4, V6-7, V8 and V9) in each sample were amplified using the Ion Torrent 16S Metagenomics kit and were sequenced on the Ion S5 instrument. RESULTS Seven hypervariable regions in the 16S rRNA gene were successfully sequenced for all samples tested. The data obtained with the V2 region was found to be informative but the consensus data generated according to a number of operational taxonomic unit reads gathered from all seven hypervariable regions gave the most accurate result. At the phylum level, no statistically significant difference was found between smokers and non-smokers whereas relative abundances of Veillonella atypica, Streptococcus australis, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella salivae and Rothia mucilaginosa showed significant increases in the smoker group (P-adj=0.05). Alpha diversity results did not show a significant difference between the two groups; however, beta diversity analysis indicated that samples of smoker and non-smoker groups had a tendency to be clustered within themselves. CONCLUSION The results of the current study indicate that smoking is a factor influencing buccal microbiome composition. In addition, sequencing of all seven hypervariable regions yielded more accurate results than those with any of the single variable regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Karabudak
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Central Research and Application Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oguz Ari
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Central Research and Application Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bengul Durmaz
- Yuksek Ihtisas University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuba Dal
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tugcan Basyigit
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Tayyar Kalcioglu
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Riza Durmaz
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey.,Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Central Research and Application Center, Ankara, Turkey
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45
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Tong X, Su F, Xu X, Xu H, Yang T, Xu Q, Dai H, Huang K, Zou L, Zhang W, Pei S, Xiao F, Li Y, Wang C. Alterations to the Lung Microbiome in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:149. [PMID: 31165050 PMCID: PMC6536613 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung microbiome ecosystem homeostasis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains uncharacterized. The aims of this study were to identify unique microbial signatures of the lung microbiome and analyze microbial gene function in IPF patients. DNA isolated from BALF samples was obtained for high-throughput gene sequencing. Microbial metagenomic data were used for principal component analysis (PCA) and analyzed at different taxonomic levels. Shotgun metagenomic data were annotated using the KEGG database and were analyzed for functional and metabolic pathways. In this study, 17 IPF patients and 38 healthy subjects (smokers and non-smokers) were recruited. For the PCA, the first and the second principal component explained 16.3 and 13.4% of the overall variability, respectively. The β diversity of microbiome was reduced in the IPF group. Signature of IPF's microbes was enriched of Streptococcus, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Anaerorhabdus. The translocation of lung microbiome was shown that 32.84% of them were from oral. After analysis of gene function, ABC transporter systems, biofilm formation, and two-component regulatory system were enriched in IPF patients' microbiome. Here we shown the microbiology characteristics in IPF patients. The microbiome may participate in altering internal conditions and involving in generating antibiotic resistance in IPF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunliang Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Su
- Clinical Biobank, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomao Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qixia Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Bengbu University Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu, China
| | - Huaping Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kewu Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lihui Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Surui Pei
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Clinical Biobank, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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46
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Jia G, Zhi A, Lai PFH, Wang G, Xia Y, Xiong Z, Zhang H, Che N, Ai L. The oral microbiota - a mechanistic role for systemic diseases. Br Dent J 2019; 224:447-455. [PMID: 29569607 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human oral microbiota is the ecological community of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms found in the oral cavity. Oral microbiota generally exists in the form of a biofilm and plays a crucial role in maintaining oral homeostasis, protecting the oral cavity and preventing disease development. Human oral microbiota has recently become a new focus research for promoting the progress of disease diagnosis, assisting disease treatment, and developing personalised medicines. In this review, the scientific evidence supporting the association that endogenous and exogenous factors (diet, smoking, drinking, socioeconomic status, antibiotics use and pregnancy) modulate oral microbiota. It provides insights into the mechanistic role in which oral microbiota may influence systemic diseases, and summarises the challenges of clinical diagnosis and treatment based on the microbial community information. It provides information for noninvasive diagnosis and helps develop a new paradigm of personalised medicine. All these benefit human health in the post-metagenomics era.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - A Zhi
- Chemical Technology and Food Science College, Zhengzhou Institute of Engineering and Technology, Zhengzhou 450044, People's Republic of China
| | - P F H Lai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - G Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Xiong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - H Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - N Che
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, PR China
| | - L Ai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
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47
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Chattopadhyay S, Smyth EM, Kulkarni P, Babik KR, Reid M, Hittle LE, Clark PI, Mongodin EF, Sapkota AR. Little cigars and cigarillos harbor diverse bacterial communities that differ between the tobacco and the wrapper. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211705. [PMID: 30794551 PMCID: PMC6386278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their potential importance with regard to infectious and chronic diseases among tobacco users, microbial constituents of tobacco products lack characterization. Specifically, to our knowledge, there are no data describing the bacterial diversity of little cigars or cigarillos. To address this knowledge gap, we tested four brands of little cigars and cigarillos. Tobacco and wrapper subsamples (n = 132) were separately subjected to DNA extraction, followed by PCR amplification of the V3V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene, and sequencing using Illumina HiSeq. Sequences were analyzed using QIIME and Phyloseq implemented in R. We identified 2,681 operational taxonomic units across all products. Significant differences in alpha and beta diversity were observed between Swisher Sweets and Cheyenne products. Alpha and beta diversity was also significantly different between tobacco and wrapper subsamples within the same product. Beta diversity analyses of only tobacco samples identified no significant differences in the bacterial microbiota of different lots of the same products; however, the microbiota in the wrapper differed significantly across lots for all brands. Overall, Firmicutes were found to dominate in the wrapper, whereas Proteobacteria were most abundant in the tobacco. At the genus level, Bacillus and Lactobacillus dominated in the wrappers, and Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas dominated in the tobacco. Our findings suggest that the bacterial microbiota of little cigars and cigarillos is diverse and differs significantly between the tobacco and the wrapper, and across brands. Future work is necessary to evaluate the potential public health implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhana Chattopadhyay
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eoghan M. Smyth
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Prachi Kulkarni
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kelsey R. Babik
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Molly Reid
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lauren E. Hittle
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pamela I. Clark
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland, School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Emmanuel F. Mongodin
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amy R. Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
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Proal A, Marshall T. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in the Era of the Human Microbiome: Persistent Pathogens Drive Chronic Symptoms by Interfering With Host Metabolism, Gene Expression, and Immunity. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:373. [PMID: 30564562 PMCID: PMC6288442 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The illness ME/CFS has been repeatedly tied to infectious agents such as Epstein Barr Virus. Expanding research on the human microbiome now allows ME/CFS-associated pathogens to be studied as interacting members of human microbiome communities. Humans harbor these vast ecosystems of bacteria, viruses and fungi in nearly all tissue and blood. Most well-studied inflammatory conditions are tied to dysbiosis or imbalance of the human microbiome. While gut microbiome dysbiosis has been identified in ME/CFS, microbes and viruses outside the gut can also contribute to the illness. Pathobionts, and their associated proteins/metabolites, often control human metabolism and gene expression in a manner that pushes the body toward a state of illness. Intracellular pathogens, including many associated with ME/CFS, drive microbiome dysbiosis by directly interfering with human transcription, translation, and DNA repair processes. Molecular mimicry between host and pathogen proteins/metabolites further complicates this interference. Other human pathogens disable mitochondria or dysregulate host nervous system signaling. Antibodies and/or clonal T cells identified in patients with ME/CFS are likely activated in response to these persistent microbiome pathogens. Different human pathogens have evolved similar survival mechanisms to disable the host immune response and host metabolic pathways. The metabolic dysfunction driven by these organisms can result in similar clusters of inflammatory symptoms. ME/CFS may be driven by this pathogen-induced dysfunction, with the nature of dysbiosis and symptom presentation varying based on a patient's unique infectious and environmental history. Under such conditions, patients would benefit from treatments that support the human immune system in an effort to reverse the infectious disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Proal
- Autoimmunity Research Foundation, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
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49
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW As the science of the microbiome advances, social epidemiologists can contribute to understanding how the broader social environment shapes the microbiome over the life course. This review summarizes current research and describes potential mechanisms of the social epidemiology of the microbiome. RECENT FINDINGS Most existing literature linking the social environment and the microbiome comes from animal models, focused on the impact of social interactions and psychosocial stress. Suggestive evidence of the importance of early life exposures, health behaviors, and the built environment also point to the importance of the social environment for the microbiome in humans. SUMMARY Social epidemiology as a field is well poised to contribute expertise in theory and measurement of the broader social environment to this new area, and to consider both the upstream and downstream mechanisms by which this environment gets "under the skin" and "into the gut." As population-level microbiome data becomes increasingly available, we encourage investigation of the multi-level determinants of the microbiome and how the microbiome may link the social environment and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Beam Dowd
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King’s College London, The Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, 55 W 125th St, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Audrey Renson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
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50
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Liu Y, O’Brien JL, Ajami NJ, Scheurer ME, Amirian ES, Armstrong G, Tsavachidis S, Thrift AP, Jiao L, Wong MC, Smith DP, Spitz MR, Bondy ML, Petrosino JF, Kheradmand F. Lung tissue microbial profile in lung cancer is distinct from emphysema. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1775-1787. [PMID: 30323970 PMCID: PMC6176189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The composition and structure of site-specific microbiota have been investigated as potential biomarkers for a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. While many studies have focused on the changes in the airway microbiota using respiratory specimens from patients with various respiratory diseases, more research is needed to explore the microbial profiles within the distal lung parenchyma in smokers with lung cancer and/or emphysema. MATERIALS AND METHODS To describe and contrast lung tissue-associated microbial signatures in smokers with lung cancer and/or emphysema, we employed culture-independent pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene hypervariable V4 region and compositional analysis in non-malignant lung tissue samples obtained from 40 heavy smokers, including 10 emphysema-only, 11 lung cancer-only, and 19 with both lung cancer and emphysema. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The emphysema-only group presented a lower bacterial community evenness defined by a significantly lower Shannon diversity index compared to the lung cancer patients with or without emphysema (P = 0.006). Furthermore, community compositions of lung cancer patients with or without emphysema were characterized by a significantly lower abundance of Proteobacteria (primary the genera Acinetobacter and Acidovorax) and higher prevalence of Firmicutes (Streptococcus) and Bacteroidetes (Prevotella), compared to emphysema-only patients. In conclusion, the lung microbial composition and communities structures of smokers with lung cancer are distinct from the emphysema-only patients. Although preliminary, our findings suggest that lung microbiome changes could be a biomarker of lung cancer that could eventually be used to help screening for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liu
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jacqueline L O’Brien
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nadim J Ajami
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael E Scheurer
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - E Susan Amirian
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Georgina Armstrong
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Spiridon Tsavachidis
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aaron P Thrift
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li Jiao
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew C Wong
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel P Smith
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Margaret R Spitz
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Melissa L Bondy
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joseph F Petrosino
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
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