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Amanpour P, Eftekhari Z, Eidi A, Khodarahmi P. Ameliorative mechanism of dietary vitamin d and magnesium on newborn's pulmonary toxicity induced by cadmium. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 84:127469. [PMID: 38759447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) exposure in mothers can cause respiratory issues in newborns, but the exact toxicity mechanisms are not fully understood. Vitamin D deficiency in Cd-exposed rats is associated with increased cadmium accumulation in tissues. Finding a cost-effective medication that is vital for the body while also reducing the effects of poisoning is crucial in treating poisonings. To investigate the mechanisms of Cd-induced lung toxicity, we examined the impact of prolonged Cd exposure in female rats before pregnancy on newborn lung health, focusing on sera TNF-α level, lung P53, Foxo1 mRNA, and lung VEGF, and BMP-4 protein level. A total of 50 rats were divided into control, Cd, Cd+Vitamin D, Cd+Mg, and Cd + Vitamin D+Mg groups. Cd exposure resulted in higher serum TNF-α levels and a significant rise in P53 mRNA levels. Additionally, the occurrence of hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and thickening of alveolar walls decreased following treatment with vitamin D + Mg. Although Cd did not affect the newborns' body weight, it did impair their lung function. These findings suggest that the Cd-induced increase in the P53 gene expression could be alleviated by vitamin D and Mg, along with the elevation of VEGF and BMP-4 proteins and Foxo1 gene expression. The study revealed that environmental toxins can sometimes harm molecules and proteins, leading to damage in critical fetal tissues. However, these issues can be mitigated through essential supplements. STRUCTURED ABSTRACT: The increasing role of Cd in the erratic behavior of numerous biological and molecular entities, notably the development of fetal lung tissue, has made it beneficial to investigate the possible adverse effects of Cd exposure in pregnant mothers and fetal organ development, where instinctive molecular events occur. Researchers are encouraged to create new aspects of medications to reduce clinical symptoms and improve the quality of life due to exposure to metal toxins, particularly in industrialized countries. The present study aimed to evaluate histopathological and molecular modifications of fetal lungs caused by maternal Cd toxicosis and evaluate the possible ameliorating effects of vitamin D and Mg alone and in combination with fetal lung developmental abnormalities, followed by maternal toxin induction, which can be generalized to humans. Fifty female Wistar rats were purchased from the Pasteur Institute of Iran. To induce the model, cadmium at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight was injected intraperitoneally into the female rats over 28 days before mating (5 days after injection in a week). Afterward, the female rats were randomly divided into type IV polycarbonate cages and mated with healthy male rats. The pregnancy was confirmed by observation of the vaginal plaque, which was subsequently observed, and the number of days of embryo formation was calculated. Subsequently, the pregnant rats were assigned to the following groups and received PBS, vitamin D, Mg, or vitamin D + Mg. At the end of the nine-day treatment period (the 6th day of pregnancy to the 14th day), the neonates were born vaginally, and their body weight and mortality were recorded. The P53 and Foxo1 gene expression levels in the left and right lobes of the homogenized lungs of the newborns in each group were assessed. TNF-alpha was detected in the sera collected from the newborns by ELISA. The isolated left and right lung tissues were homogenized in radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer and the superior phase was collected to determine the total protein content by Lowry's method and VEGF and BMP-4 protein levels. The obtained lung samples from newborn rats were fixed in a 10% formalin solution for tissue processing. The fixed samples were embedded in paraffin, and serial paraffin sections were prepared for hematoxylin and eosin staining. This study is the first to examine how maternal Cd exposure affects fetal lung development and to estimate the impact of prescribing Mg and vitamin D during pregnancy. The present study assessed the effects of a repeated dose of Cd for 4 weeks before pregnancy on the lung development of newborn rats born to mothers treated with vitamin D and Mg. The results showed that the P53 gene was overexpressed in the model group, while Foxo1 gene expression was downregulated, negatively impacting the lung structure and developmental indices of the fetuses. Therefore, the intake of vitamin D and Mg may contribute to improving the various stages of Cd-induced lung injury by modulating lung inflammation and mucosal secretion while also positively influencing the number of surviving offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paria Amanpour
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohre Eftekhari
- Biotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Akram Eidi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Khodarahmi
- Department of Biology, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran
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Rajabian F, Rajabian A, Tayarani-Najaran Z. The Antioxidant Activity of Betanin protects MRC-5 cells Against Cadmium Induced Toxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5183-5191. [PMID: 37099220 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) can induce both acute and chronic effects in the lungs depending on the time and the exposure route. Betanin is a component derived from the roots of red beets and it is well-known for its antioxidant and anti-apoptosis effects. The current study aimed to survey the protective effects of betanin on cell toxicity induced by Cd. Different concentration of Cd alone and in combination with betanin was assessed in MRC-5 cells. The viability and oxidative stress were measured using resazurin and DCF-DA methods respectively. Apoptotic cells were assessed by PI staining of the fragmented DNA and western blot analysis detected the activation of caspase 3 and PARP proteins. Cd exposure for 24 h declined viability and increased ROS production in MRC-5 cells compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Also, Cd (35 μM) elevated DNA fragmentation (p < 0.05), and the level of caspase 3-cleaved and cleaved PARP proteins in MRC-5 cells (p < 0.001). Co-treatment of cells with betanin for 24 h significantly enhanced viability in concentrations of 1.25 and 2.5 μM (p < 0.001) and 5 μM (p < 0.05) and declined ROS generation (1.25 and 5 μM p < 0.001, and 2.5 μM p < 0.01). As well as, betanin reduced DNA fragmentation (p < 0.01), and the markers of apoptosis (p < 0.001) compared to the Cd-treated group. In conclusion, betanin protects lung cells against Cd-induced toxicity through antioxidant activity and inhibition of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rajabian
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 9188617871, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arezoo Rajabian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 9188617871, Mashhad, Iran.
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ierardi JL, Veloso A, Mancia A. Transcriptome analysis of cadmium exposure in kidney fibroblast cells of the North Atlantic Right Whale (Eubalaena glacialis). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 242:108946. [PMID: 33285320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An 8X15k oligonucleotide microarray was developed consisting of 2334 Eubalaena glacialis probes and 2166 Tursiops truncatus probes and used to measure the effects, at transcriptomic level, of cadmium exposure in right whale kidney fibroblast cells. Cells were exposed to three concentrations (1 μM, 0.1 μM, and 0.01 μM) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) for three exposure times (1, 4, and 24 h). Cells exposed to 1 μM CdCl2 for 4 h and 24 h showed upregulated genes involved in protection from metal toxicity and oxidative stress, protein renaturation, apoptosis inhibition, as well as several regulators of cellular processes. Downregulated genes represented a suite of functions including cell proliferation, transcription regulation, actin polymerization, and stress fiber synthesis. The collection of differentially expressed genes in this study support proposed mechanisms of cadmium-induced apoptosis such as ubiquitin proteasome system disruption, Ca2+ homeostasis interference, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell cycle arrest. The results also have confirmed the right whale microarray as a reproducible tool in measuring differentiated gene expression that could be a valuable asset for transcriptome analysis of other baleen whales and potential health assessment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessalyn L Ierardi
- Graduate Program of Marine Biology, College of Charleston, 205 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Artur Veloso
- Graduate Program of Marine Biology, College of Charleston, 205 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Annalaura Mancia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 331 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412, USA; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
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4
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Integrative comparison of cadmium and iron oxide as yellow pigment in terms of cellular stress and genotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-020-00113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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He T, Shen H, Zhu J, Zhu Y, He Y, Li Z, Lu H. Geniposide attenuates cadmium‑induced oxidative stress injury via Nrf2 signaling in osteoblasts. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1499-1508. [PMID: 31257486 PMCID: PMC6625402 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Geniposide, as a type of iridoid glycoside, has antioxidative capacity. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of geniposide in cadmium (Cd)-induced osteoblast injury remains only partly elucidated. In the present study, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to determine MC-3T3-E1 cell viability. Flow cytometry was used to determine the rate of apoptosis and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress-related factors were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent method (ELISA). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting were used to evaluate apoptosis- and bone formation-related genes and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) signaling. It was demonstrated that geniposide increased the viability of the Cd-treated MC-3T3-E1 cells. Geniposide decreased apoptosis and ROS accumulation compared to these parameters in the Cd group. Geniposide attenuated oxidative stress-related factors, malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase and increased antioxidant key enzyme superoxidase dismutase (SOD). The expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and survivin were modulated by geniposide. Additionally, the mRNA and protein expression of the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and osterix were significantly increased, while osteoprotegerin was decreased by geniposide treatment compared to the Cd groups. Geniposide also enhanced Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) expression. The present study identified a potential agent for the treatment of Cd-induced osteoblast injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfeng He
- Spine Department, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Huasong Shen
- Spine Department, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Jinke Zhu
- Spine Department, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Spine Department, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Yan He
- Spine Department, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Spine Department, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Huanxing Lu
- Spine Department, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
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Wang Q, Tan Y, Wang N, Lu Z, Wang W. A multifunctional fluorescence sensor for Cd 2+, PO 43- and Cr 3+ in different system and the practical application. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 201:216-222. [PMID: 29753966 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescence probe based on thiosemicarbazide has been synthesized and well characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Elemental analysis, Electrospray ionization mass spectra. The probe 1 functions as a multitarget ion sensor, detect biologically and ecologically important Cd2+, PO43- and Cr3+. Meanwhile, probe 1 displays selectivity for Cd2+ over other metal ions and anions in DMF by emission spectrum. Interestingly, probe 1 has been explored to recognize PO43- in CH3OH-H2O (v:v = 1:9). The binding stoichiometry of probe 1 with Cd2+ and PO43- are 2:1 and 1:1, respectively, which are confirmed by Electrospray ionization mass spectra. Probe 1 is selective, sensitive and reversibility/reusability to Cd2+ and PO43- with the detection limit as low as 0.035 μM and 0.011 μM respectively. Besides, the designed probe 1 has shown potential applications in the area of photo-printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingming Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingzi Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianhua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiang Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, People's Republic of China
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Alkharashi NAO, Periasamy VS, Athinarayanan J, Alshatwi AA. Sulforaphane mitigates cadmium-induced toxicity pattern in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 55:223-239. [PMID: 28938194 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic and widely distributed heavy metal that induces various diseases in humans through environmental exposure. Therefore, alleviation of Cd-induced toxicity in living organisms is necessary. In this study, we investigated the protective role of sulforaphane on Cd-induced toxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes. Sulforaphane did not show any major reduction in the viability of lymphocytes and monocytes. However, Cd treatment at a concentration of 50μM induced around 69% cell death. Treatment of IC10-Cd and 100μM sulforaphane combination for 24 and 48h increased viability by 2 and 9% in cells subjected to Cd toxicity, respectively. In addition, IC25 of Cd and 100μM sulforaphane combination recovered 17-20% of cell viability. Cd induced apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Sulforaphane treatment reduced Cd-induced cell death in lymphocytes and monocytes. Our results clearly indicate that when the cells were treated with Cd+sulforaphane combination, sulforaphane decreased the Cd-induced cytotoxic effect in lymphocytes and monocytes. In addition, sulforaphane concentration plays a major role in the alleviation of Cd-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Abdulkareem Omer Alkharashi
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vaiyapuri Subbarayan Periasamy
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jegan Athinarayanan
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Alshatwi
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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8
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The connections between allergy, asthma and metabolic syndrome are becoming increasingly clear. Recent research suggests a unifying mitochondrial link between the diverse phenotypes of these interlinked morbidities. The scope of this review is to highlight cellular mechanisms, epidemiology and environmental allergens influencing mitochondrial function and its importance in allergy and asthma. We briefly also consider the potential of mitochondria-targeted therapies in prevention and cure. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research has shown allergy, asthma and metabolic syndrome to be linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Environmental pollutants and allergens are observed to cause mitochondrial dysfunction, primarily by inducing oxidative stress and ROS production. Malfunctioning mitochondria change the bioenergetics of the cell and its metabolic profile to favour systemic inflammation, which drives all three types of morbidities. Given the existing experimental evidence, approaches targeting mitochondria (e.g. antioxidant therapy and mitochondrial replacement) are being conducted in relevant disease models-with some progressing towards clinical trials, making mitochondrial function the focus of translational therapy research in asthma, allergy and linked metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyaanka Iyer
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi University campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Navya Mishra
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Gurugram, India.,Chest Research Foundation, Pune, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi University campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.
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Li FJ, Surolia R, Li H, Wang Z, Liu G, Liu RM, Mirov SB, Athar M, Thannickal VJ, Antony VB. Low-dose cadmium exposure induces peribronchiolar fibrosis through site-specific phosphorylation of vimentin. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L80-L91. [PMID: 28450285 PMCID: PMC5538875 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00087.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium (Cd) has been associated with development of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). The mechanisms and signaling pathways whereby Cd causes pathological peribronchiolar fibrosis, airway remodeling, and subsequent airflow obstruction remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate whether low-dose Cd exposure induces vimentin phosphorylation and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) activation leading to peribronchiolar fibrosis and subsequent airway remodeling. Our data demonstrate that Cd induces myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition around small (<2 mm in diameter) airways. Upon Cd exposure, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and the production of ECM proteins, including fibronectin and collagen-1, are markedly induced in primary human lung fibroblasts. Cd induces Smad2/3 activation and the translocation of both Smad2/3 and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) into the nucleus. In parallel, Cd induces AKT and cdc2 phosphorylation and downstream vimentin phosphorylation at Ser39 and Ser55, respectively. AKT and cdc2 inhibitors block Cd-induced vimentin fragmentation and secretion in association with inhibition of α-SMA expression, ECM deposition, and collagen secretion. Furthermore, vimentin silencing abrogates Cd-induced α-SMA expression and decreases ECM production. Vimentin-deficient mice are protected from Cd-induced peribronchiolar fibrosis and remodeling. These findings identify two specific sites on vimentin that are phosphorylated by Cd and highlight the functional significance of vimentin phosphorylation in YAP1/Smad3 signaling that mediates Cd-induced peribronchiolar fibrosis and airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Jun Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ranu Surolia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Huashi Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zheng Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sergey B Mirov
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Veena B Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;
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10
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Malaiyandi LM, Sharthiya H, Dineley KE. Fluorescence detection of intracellular cadmium with Leadmium Green. Biometals 2016; 29:625-35. [PMID: 27260023 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Leadmium Green is a commercially available, small molecule, fluorescent probe advertised as a detector of free intracellular cadmium (Cd(2+)) and lead (Pb(2+)). Leadmium Green has been used in various paradigms, such as tracking Cd(2+) sequestration in plant cells, heavy metal export in protozoa, and Pb(2+) absorption by vascular endothelial cells. However very little information is available regarding its affinity and selectivity for Cd(2+), Pb(2+), and other metals. We evaluated the in vitro selectivity of Leadmium Green using spectrofluorimetry. Consistent with manufacturer's claims, Leadmium Green was sensitive to Cd(2+) (KD ~600 nM) and also Pb(2+) (KD ~9.0 nM) in a concentration-dependent manner, and furthermore proved insensitive to Ca(2+), Co(2+), Mn(2+) and Ni(2+). Leadmium Green also responded to Zn(2+) with a KD of ~82 nM. Using fluorescence microscopy, we evaluated Leadmium Green in live mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. We demonstrated that Leadmium Green detected ionophore-mediated acute elevations of Cd(2+) or Zn(2+) in a concentration-dependent manner. However, the maximum fluorescence produced by ionophore-delivered Zn(2+) was much less than that produced by Cd(2+). When tested in a model of oxidant-induced liberation of endogenous Zn(2+), Leadmium Green responded weakly. We conclude that Leadmium Green is an effective probe for monitoring intracellular Cd(2+), particularly in models where Cd(2+) accumulates rapidly, and when concomitant fluctuations of intracellular Zn(2+) are minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha M Malaiyandi
- Department of Anatomy, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Harsh Sharthiya
- Department of Anatomy, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Kirk E Dineley
- Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA.
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Xie H, Wang J, Jiang L, Geng C, Li Q, Mei D, Zhao L, Cao J. ROS-dependent HMGA2 upregulation mediates Cd-induced proliferation in MRC-5 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 34:146-152. [PMID: 27071802 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal widely found in a number of environmental matrices, and the exposure to Cd is increasing nowadays. In this study, the role of high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) in Cd-induced proliferation was investigated in MRC-5 cells. Exposure to Cd (2μM) for 48h significantly enhanced the growth of MRC-5 cells, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and induced both mRNA and protein expression of HMGA2. Evidence for Cd-induced reduction of the number of G0/G1 phase cells and an increase in the number of cells in S phase and G2/M phase was sought by flow cytometric analysis. Western blot analysis showed that cyclin D1, cyclin B1, and cyclin E were upregulated in Cd-treated cells. Further study revealed that N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) markedly prevented Cd-induced proliferation of MRC-5 cells, ROS generation, and the increasing protein level of HMGA2. Silencing of HMGA2 gene by siRNA blocked Cd-induced cyclin D1, cyclin B1, and cyclin E expression and reduction of the number of G0/G1 phase cells. Combining, our data showed that Cd-induced ROS formation provoked HMGA2 upregulation, caused cell cycle changes, and led to cell proliferation. This suggests that HMGA2 might be an important biomarker in Cd-induced cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Xie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jiayue Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China; Jilin Province Research Institute for Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, No. 3145. Jing yang Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Liaoning Anti-Degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chengyan Geng
- Liaoning Anti-Degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qiujuan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Dan Mei
- Dalian Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lian Zhao
- Dalian Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China.
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12
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Xu YM, Wu DD, Zheng W, Yu FY, Yang F, Yao Y, Zhou Y, Ching YP, Lau ATY. Proteome profiling of cadmium-induced apoptosis by antibody array analyses in human bronchial epithelial cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:6146-58. [PMID: 26716417 PMCID: PMC4868746 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein array technology is a powerful platform for the simultaneous determination of the expression levels of a number of proteins as well as post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation. Here, we screen and report for the first time, the dominant signaling cascades and apoptotic mediators during the course of cadmium (Cd)-induced cytotoxicity in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) by antibody array analyses. Proteins from control and Cd-treated cells were captured on Proteome Profiler™ Arrays for the parallel determination of the relative levels of protein phosphorylation and proteins associated with apoptosis. Our results indicated that the p38 MAPK- and JNK-related signal transduction pathways were dramatically activated by Cd treatment. Cd potently stimulates the phosphorylations of p38α (MAPK14), JNK1/2 (MAPK8/9), and JUN; while the phosphorylations of Akt1, ERK1/2 (MAPK3/1), GSK3β, and mTOR were suppressed. Moreover, there was an induction of proapoptotic protein BAX, release of cytochrome c (CYCS) from mitochondria, activation of caspase-3/9 (CASP3/9); as well as decreased expression of cell cycle checkpoint proteins (TP53, p21, and p27) and several inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) [including cIAP-1/2 (BIRC2/3), XIAP (BIRC4), and survivin (BIRC5)]. Pretreatment of cells with the thiol antioxidant glutathione or p38 MAPK/JNK inhibitors before Cd treatment effectively abrogated ROS activation of p38 MAPK/JNK pathways and apoptosis-related proteins. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Cd causes oxidative stress-induced apoptosis; and the p38 MAPK/JNK and mitochondrial pathways are more importantly participated for signal transduction and the induction of apoptosis in Cd-exposed human lung cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ming Xu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Wu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P. R. China
| | - Fei-Yuan Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P. R. China
| | - Yue Yao
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yick-Pang Ching
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Andy T. Y. Lau
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P. R. China
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Chen DJ, Xu YM, Zheng W, Huang DY, Wong WY, Tai WCS, Cho YY, Lau ATY. Proteomic analysis of secreted proteins by human bronchial epithelial cells in response to cadmium toxicity. Proteomics 2015; 15:3075-86. [PMID: 25950996 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
For years, many studies have been conducted to investigate the intracellular response of cells challenged with toxic metal(s), yet, the corresponding secretome responses, especially in human lung cells, are largely unexplored. Here, we provide a secretome analysis of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) treated with cadmium chloride (CdCl2 ), with the aim of identifying secreted proteins in response to Cd toxicity. Proteins from control and spent media were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining. Differentially-secreted proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis and database searching. We characterized, for the first time, the extracellular proteome changes of BEAS-2B dosed with Cd. Our results unveiled that Cd treatment led to the marked upregulation of molecular chaperones, antioxidant enzymes, enzymes associated with glutathione metabolic process, proteins involved in cellular energy metabolism, as well as tumor-suppressors. Pretreatment of cells with the thiol antioxidant glutathione before Cd treatment effectively abrogated the secretion of these proteins and prevented cell death. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Cd causes oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity; and the differentially-secreted protein signatures could be considered as targets for potential use as extracellular biomarkers upon Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Ju Chen
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ming Xu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Yang Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wing-Yan Wong
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - William Chi-Shing Tai
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Andy T Y Lau
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Moitra S, Chakraborty K, Bhattacharyya A, Sahu S. Impact of occupational cadmium exposure on spirometry, sputum leukocyte count, and lung cell DNA damage among Indian goldsmiths. Am J Ind Med 2015; 58:617-24. [PMID: 25800173 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium is frequently used in manual jewelry industries. Although its toxicity on lung function is well-known, the mechanism is not well-understood. METHODS Among 26 goldsmiths exposed to cadmium (mean age 35.9 ± 5.0 years) and 17 referent workers without direct exposure (36.6 ± 6.6 years), we measured blood and urinary cadmium concentration and performed spirometry and quantified leukocytes and comet formation in the cells from spontaneously expectorated sputum samples. RESULTS The goldsmiths had higher cadmium concentration in urine (mean 6.14 ± 1.63 vs. 0.47 ± 0.17 μg/dl) and blood (0.90 ± 0.23 vs. 0.02 ± 0.007 μg/dl) than the referents, which were inversely associated with FEV1 /FVC. Cadmium exposure also resulted in higher neutrophils (%) and lower macrophage (%) prevalence in the sputum and also caused substantial DNA damage in the lung cells among the goldsmiths than the referents (69 vs. 14%). CONCLUSION Altered lung function among cadmium-exposed goldsmiths was associated with enhanced inflammatory response and increased cellular DNA damage in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Moitra
- Ergonomics & Occupational Physiology Laboratory; Department of Physiology; University of Kalyani; Kalyani India
- Molecular Respiratory Research Laboratory; Chest Research Foundation; Pune India
| | - Kaustav Chakraborty
- Immunology Laboratory; Department of Zoology; University of Calcutta; Kolkata India
| | | | - Subhashis Sahu
- Ergonomics & Occupational Physiology Laboratory; Department of Physiology; University of Kalyani; Kalyani India
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Venza M, Visalli M, Biondo C, Oteri R, Agliano F, Morabito S, Caruso G, Caffo M, Teti D, Venza I. Epigenetic effects of cadmium in cancer: focus on melanoma. Curr Genomics 2015; 15:420-35. [PMID: 25646071 PMCID: PMC4311387 DOI: 10.2174/138920291506150106145932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a highly toxic heavy metal, which has a destroying impact on organs. Exposure to cadmium causes severe health problems to human beings due to its ubiquitous environmental presence and features of the pathologies associated with pro-longed exposure. Cadmium is a well-established carcinogen, although the underlying mechanisms have not been fully under-stood yet. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the impact of this environmental pollutant on the epigenome. Be-cause of the role of epigenetic alterations in regulating gene expression, there is a potential for the integration of cadmium-induced epigenetic alterations as critical elements in the cancer risk assessment process. Here, after a brief review of the ma-jor diseases related to cadmium exposure, we focus our interest on the carcinogenic potential of this heavy metal. Among the several proposed pathogenetic mechanisms, particular attention is given to epigenetic alterations, including changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA expression. We review evidence for a link between cadmium-induced epigenetic changes and cell transformation, with special emphasis on melanoma. DNA methylation, with reduced expression of key genes that regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis, has emerged as a possible cadmium-induced epigenetic mechanism in melanoma. A wider comprehension of mechanisms related to this common environmental contaminant would allow a better cancer risk evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Venza
- Department of Experimental Specialistic Medical, Surgical and Odontostomatology Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Visalli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Biondo
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Oteri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Agliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvia Morabito
- Department of Experimental Specialistic Medical, Surgical and Odontostomatology Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gerardo Caruso
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Caffo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Diana Teti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Isabella Venza
- Department of Experimental Specialistic Medical, Surgical and Odontostomatology Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Veeriah V, Saran U, Swaminathan A, Balaguru UM, Thangaraj P, Nagarajan S, Rajendran VK, Chatterjee S. Cadmium-induced embryopathy: nitric oxide rescues teratogenic effects of cadmium. Toxicol Sci 2014; 144:90-104. [PMID: 25490952 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known heavy metal pollutant and teratogen, the mechanism behind Cd-mediated teratogenicity remains unknown. Previously, we have reported of the protective role of Nitric oxide (NO), a key signaling molecule in the embryonic developmental process, against Thalidomide-induced teratogenicity. The objective of this study was to obtain a mechanistic in-sight of the antiteratogenic potential of NO against Cd-mediated teratogenicity. To achieve this goal, we first studied the effect of Cd on the vasculature of developing embryos and then we investigated whether Cd mediated its effects by interfering with the redox regulation of NO signaling in the early development milieu. We used a chick embryonic model to determine the time and dose-dependent effects of Cd and NO recovery against Cd assault. The effects of Cd and NO recovery were assessed using various angiogenic assays. Redox and NO levels were also measured. Results demonstrated that exposure to Cd at early stage of development caused multiple birth defects in the chick embryos. Exposure to Cd suppressed endogenous NO levels and cGMP signaling, inhibiting angioblast activation and subsequently impairing yolk sac vascular development. Furthermore, Cd-induced superoxide and lipid peroxidation mediated activation of proapoptotic markers p21 and p53 in the developing embryo. Cd also caused the down-regulation of FOXO1, and up-regulation of FOXO3a and Caspase 3-mediated apoptosis. Addition of exogenous NO through a NO donor was able to blunt Cd-mediated effects and restore normal vascular and embryonic development. In conclusion, Cd-mediated teratogenicity occurs as a result of impaired NO-cGMP signaling, increased oxidative stress, and the activation of apoptotic pathways. Subsequent addition of exogenous NO through NO donor negated Cd-mediated effects and protected the developing embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Veeriah
- *Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India and Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India
| | - Uttara Saran
- *Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India and Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India
| | - Akila Swaminathan
- *Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India and Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Balaguru
- *Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India and Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India
| | - Pradeep Thangaraj
- *Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India and Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India
| | - Shunmugam Nagarajan
- *Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India and Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India
| | - Vinoth Kumar Rajendran
- *Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India and Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India
| | - Suvro Chatterjee
- *Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India and Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India *Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India and Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600044, India
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18
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Wang J, Zhu H, Liu X, Liu Z. Oxidative stress and Ca(2+) signals involved on cadmium-induced apoptosis in rat hepatocyte. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 161:180-9. [PMID: 25123461 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an important industrial and environmental pollutant. In animals, the liver is the major target organ of Cd toxicity. In this study, rat hepatocytes were treated with 2.5∼10 μM Cd for various durations. Studies on nuclear morphology, chromatin condensation, and apoptotic cells demonstrate that Cd concentrations ranging within 2.5∼10 μM induced apoptosis. The early-stage marker of apoptosis, i.e., decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, was observed as early as 1.5 h at 5 μM Cd. Significant (P < 0.01) reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at 5 μM Cd and 0.75 h occurred prior to the decrease of the mitochondrial membrane potential, suggesting the involvement of ROS in mitochondrial membrane damage. Glutathione (GSH) level significantly decreased after cell treatment with 5 and 10 μM Cd after 12 h (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)] i ) of Cd-exposed cells significantly increased (P < 0.01) at 1.5 h, and pretreatment with the calcium chelator Bapta-AM partially blocked Cd-induced apoptosis. This finding indicated that the elevation of [Ca(2+)] i may play an important role in apoptosis. Overall, these results showed that oxidative stress and Ca(2+) signaling were critical mediators of the Cd-induced apoptosis of rat hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 70 Tianjin Road, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China,
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Stan MS, Memet I, Sima C, Popescu T, Teodorescu VS, Hermenean A, Dinischiotu A. Si/SiO2 quantum dots cause cytotoxicity in lung cells through redox homeostasis imbalance. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 220:102-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Gao Y, Lu Y, Huang S, Gao L, Liang X, Wu Y, Wang J, Huang Q, Tang L, Wang G, Yang F, Hu S, Chen Z, Wang P, Jiang Q, Huang R, Xu Y, Yang X, Ong CN. Identifying early urinary metabolic changes with long-term environmental exposure to cadmium by mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:6409-18. [PMID: 24834460 DOI: 10.1021/es500750w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental pollutant, and urinary Cd (UCd) is generally used as a marker of exposure; however, our understanding on the related urinary metabolic changes caused by Cd exposure is still not clear. In this study, we applied a mass-spectrometry-based metabolomic approach to assess the urinary metabolic changes in human with long-term environmental Cd exposure, aimed to identify early biomarkers to assess Cd nephrotoxicity. Urine samples from 94 female never smokers aged 44-70 with UCd in the range of 0.20-68.67 μg/L were analyzed by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-ToF-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found that metabolites related to amino acid metabolism (L-glutamine, L-cystine, L-tyrosine, N-methyl-L-histidine, L-histidinol, taurine, phenylacetylglutamine, hippurate, and pyroglutamic acid), galactose metabolism (D-galactose and myo-inositol), purine metabolism (xanthine, urea, and deoxyadenosine monophosphate), creatine pathway (creatine and creatinine), and steroid hormone biosynthesis (17-α-hydroxyprogesterone, tetrahydrocortisone, estrone, and corticosterone) were significantly higher among those with a UCd level higher than 5 μg/L. Moreover, we noticed that the level of N-methyl-L-histidine had already started to elevate among individuals with a UCd concentration of ≥2 μg/L. The overall findings illustrate that metabolomics offer a useful approach for revealing metabolic changes as a result of Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , 160 Qunxian Road, Panyu, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511430, People's Republic of China
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Chen DJ, Xu YM, Du JY, Huang DY, Lau ATY. Cadmium induces cytotoxicity in human bronchial epithelial cells through upregulation of eIF5A1 and NF-kappaB. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 445:95-9. [PMID: 24491565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and Cd compounds are widely-distributed in the environment and well-known carcinogens. Here, we report that in CdCl2-exposed human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), the level of p53 is dramatically decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner, suggesting that the observed Cd-induced cytotoxicity is not likely due to the pro-apoptotic function of p53. Therefore, this prompted us to further study the responsive pro-apoptotic factors by proteomic approaches. Interestingly, we identified that high levels (20 or 30 μM) of Cd can significantly upregulate the protein levels of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A1 (eIF5A1) and redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-κB p65. Moreover, there is an enhanced NF-κB nuclear translocation as well as chromatin-binding in Cd-treated BEAS-2B cells. We also show that small interfering RNA-specific knockdown of eIF5A1 in Cd-exposed cells attenuated the Cd cytotoxicity, indicating the potential role of eIF5A1 in Cd cytotoxicity. As eIF5A1 is reported to be related with cell apoptosis but little is known about its transcriptional control, we hypothesize that NF-κB might likely modulate eIF5A1 gene expression. Notably, by bioinformatic analysis, several potential NF-κB binding sites on the upstream promoter region of eIF5A1 gene can be found. Subsequent chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that indeed there is enhanced NF-κB binding on eIF5A1 promoter region of Cd-treated BEAS-2B cells. Taken together, our findings suggest for the first time a regulatory mechanism for the pro-apoptotic protein eIF5A1 in which its level is possibly modulated by NF-κB in human lung cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Ju Chen
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Yan-Ming Xu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Ji-Ying Du
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Dong-Yang Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Andy T Y Lau
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China.
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Cytotoxicity evaluation and antioxidant enzyme expression related to heavy metals found in tuna by-products meal: An in vitro study in human and rat liver cell lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1025-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Manna P, Jain SK. L-cysteine and hydrogen sulfide increase PIP3 and AMPK/PPARγ expression and decrease ROS and vascular inflammation markers in high glucose treated human U937 monocytes. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:2334-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Manna
- Department of Pediatrics; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center; Shreveport; Louisiana; 71103
| | - Sushil K. Jain
- Department of Pediatrics; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center; Shreveport; Louisiana; 71103
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Xu YM, Zhou Y, Chen DJ, Huang DY, Chiu JF, Lau ATY. Proteomic analysis of cadmium exposure in cultured lung epithelial cells: evidence for oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tx50014d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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25
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Capulli M, Angelucci A, Driouch K, Garcia T, Clement-Lacroix P, Martella F, Ventura L, Bologna M, Flamini S, Moreschini O, Lidereau R, Ricevuto E, Muraca M, Teti A, Rucci N. Increased expression of a set of genes enriched in oxygen binding function discloses a predisposition of breast cancer bone metastases to generate metastasis spread in multiple organs. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:2387-98. [PMID: 22714395 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone is the preferential site of distant metastasis in breast carcinoma (BrCa). Patients with metastasis restricted to bone (BO) usually show a longer overall survival compared to patients who rapidly develop multiple metastases also involving liver and lung. Hence, molecular predisposition to generate bone and visceral metastases (BV) represents a clear indication of poor clinical outcome. We performed microarray analysis with two different chip platforms, Affymetrix and Agilent, on bone metastasis samples from BO and BV patients. The unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the resulting transcriptomes correlated with the clinical progression, segregating the BO from the BV profiles. Matching the twofold significantly regulated genes from Affymetrix and Agilent chips resulted in a 15-gene signature with 13 upregulated and two downregulated genes in BV versus BO bone metastasis samples. In order to validate the resulting signature, we isolated different MDA-MB-231 clonal subpopulations that metastasize only in the bone (MDA-BO) or in bone and visceral tissues (MDA-BV). Six of the signature genes were also significantly upregulated in MDA-BV compared to MDA-BO clones. A group of upregulated genes, including Hemoglobin B (HBB), were involved in oxygen metabolism, and in vitro functional analysis of HBB revealed that its expression in the MDA subpopulations was associated with a reduced production of hydrogen peroxide. Expression of HBB was detected in primary BrCa tissue but not in normal breast epithelial cells. Metastatic lymph nodes were frequently more positive for HBB compared to the corresponding primary tumors, whereas BO metastases had a lower expression than BV metastases, suggesting a positive correlation between HBB and ability of bone metastasis to rapidly spread to other organs. We propose that HBB, along with other genes involved in oxygen metabolism, confers a more aggressive metastatic phenotype in BrCa cells disseminated to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Capulli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Wang J, Wang Q, Li J, Shen Q, Wang F, Wang L. Cadmium induces hydrogen peroxide production and initiates hydrogen peroxide-dependent apoptosis in the gill of freshwater crab, Sinopotamon henanense. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 156:195-201. [PMID: 22692000 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known toxic heavy metal that accumulates in the aquatic environment. Cd has been reported to induce oxidative damage and apoptosis. We investigated the regulation mechanism of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) on Cd-induced apoptosis. We show that in the gills of the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense Cd induced apoptosis, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, as confirmed by DNA fragmentation analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, Cd caused production of H(2)O(2) after 2 h of treatment at 58 mg L(-1) Cd, and significantly increased the caspase-3/8/9 activity in crabs relative to the control group. Pre-treatment with the scavenger for H(2)O(2), dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), effectively inhibited the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9, eventually blocked Cd-induced DNA fragmentation and the appearance of markers for apoptotic cell death. These results suggest that Cd might induce intracellular H(2)O(2) generation to trigger the crab apoptotic processes by regulating the activities of caspase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Ye H, Yang X, Gan L, Sun X, Xu H. Realgar Nanoparticles Induced Cytotoxicity in Promyelocytic Leukemia HL-60 Cells. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2012; 2005:7714-7. [PMID: 17282069 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2005.1616300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Realgar, one of mineral drugs in Chinese traditional medicines has attracted an increasing attention because of its prominent anti-tumor effect. However, new challenges for improving its bioavailability has to be faced. Our previous studies have demonstrated that realgar nanoparticles may provide a less toxic agent for anti-neoplasia by suppressing angiogenesis. In the present study, we improved milling process, prepared raw realgar particles and realgar nanoparticles with the same background As<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>concentrations and compared their cytoxcity to promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells including inhibiting cell growth, inducing oxidative stress. It was found that treatment with realgar nanoparticles resulted in considerably low cell viability compared with raw realgar particles. On the other hand, treatement with realgar nanoparticles promoted the generations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibited the activity of catalase (CAT), which was accompanied by lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, especially the loss of its free thiols, whereas such events was not observed in HL-60 cells exposed to raw realgar particles. These results suggest that realgar nanoparticles are superior over raw realgar particles for their cytotoxicity including inhibition of cell proliferation and enhanced effects of oxidative stress, which may provide a possibility for its application in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ye
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 P. R. China. (e-mail: )
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Abstract
Nanotechnology is a major scientific and economic growth area and presents a variety of hazards for human health and environment. It is widely believed that engineered nanomaterials will be increasingly used in biomedical applications (as therapeutics and as diagnostic tools). However, before these novel materials can be safely applied in a clinical setting, their toxicity needs to be carefully assessed. Nanoscale materials often behave different from the materials with a larger structure, even when the basic material is same. Many mammals get exposed to these nanomaterials, which can reach almost every cell of the mammalian body, causing the cells to respond against nanoparticles (NPs) resulting in cytotoxicity and/or genotoxicity. The important key to understand the toxicity of nanomaterials is that their minute size, smaller than cellular organelles, allows them to penetrate the basic biological structures, disrupting their normal function. There is a wealth of evidence for the noxious and harmful effects of engineered NPs as well as other nanomaterials. The rapid commercialization of nanotechnology field requires thoughtful, attentive environmental, animal and human health safety research and should be an open discussion for broader societal impacts and urgent toxicological oversight action. While ‘nanotoxicity’ is a relatively new concept to science, this comprehensive review focuses on the nanomaterials exposure through the skin, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract and their mechanism of toxicity and effect on various organs of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurulingappa Pattan
- Department of Biochemistry, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Gautam Kaul
- Department of Biochemistry, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Takahashi S. Molecular functions of metallothionein and its role in hematological malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2012; 5:41. [PMID: 22839501 PMCID: PMC3419633 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-5-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothionein (MT) was reported to be a potential negative regulator of apoptosis, and various reports have suggested that it may play roles in carcinogenesis and drug resistance, in at least a portion of cancer cells. The author summarizes the current understanding of the molecular functions of MT for tumor cell growth and drug resistance. These activities are regulated through intracellular metal ion modulation and free radical scavenging. Compared with analyses of solid tumors, few studies have analyzed the roles of MT in hematological malignancies. This review mainly describes the functions of MT in hematopoietic cells. Furthermore, through expression analyses of leukemias and lymphomas, the roles of MT in the biology of these diseases are particularly focused upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Takahashi
- Division of Hematology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0373, Japan.
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A multi-inlet microfluidic device fabricated for in situ detection of multiple cytotoxicity endpoints. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-012-6107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Napolitano JR, Liu MJ, Bao S, Crawford M, Nana-Sinkam P, Cormet-Boyaka E, Knoell DL. Cadmium-mediated toxicity of lung epithelia is enhanced through NF-κB-mediated transcriptional activation of the human zinc transporter ZIP8. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 302:L909-18. [PMID: 22345571 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00351.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal and carcinogen that is abundantly present in cigarette smoke, is a cause of smoking-induced lung disease. SLC39A8 (ZIP8), a zinc transporter, is a major portal for Cd uptake into cells. We have recently identified that ZIP8 expression is under the transcriptional control of the NF-κB pathway. On the basis of this, we hypothesized that cigarette-smoke induced inflammation would increase ZIP8 expression in lung epithelia, thereby enhancing Cd uptake and cell toxicity. Herein we report that ZIP8 is a central mediator of Cd-mediated toxicity. TNF-α treatment of primary human lung epithelia and A549 cells induced ZIP8 expression, resulting in significantly higher cell death attributable to both apoptosis and necrosis following Cd exposure. Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway and ZIP8 expression significantly reduced cell toxicity. Zinc (Zn), a known cytoprotectant, prevented Cd-mediated cell toxicity via ZIP8 uptake. Consistent with cell culture findings, a significant increase in ZIP8 mRNA and protein expression was observed in the lung of chronic smokers compared with nonsmokers. From these studies, we conclude that ZIP8 expression is induced in lung epithelia in an NF-κB-dependent manner, thereby resulting in increased cell death in the presence of Cd. From this we contend that ZIP8 plays a critical role at the interface between micronutrient (Zn) metabolism and toxic metal exposure (Cd) in the lung microenvironment following cigarette smoke exposure. Furthermore, dietary Zn intake, or a lack thereof, may be a contributing factor in smoking-induced lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Napolitano
- Integrated Biomedical Science Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Wang L, Wang H, Li J, Chen D, Liu Z. Simultaneous effects of lead and cadmium on primary cultures of rat proximal tubular cells: interaction of apoptosis and oxidative stress. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 61:500-11. [PMID: 21287161 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-011-9644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The combined effects of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) on primary cultures of rat proximal tubular (rPT) cells were studied. These cells were either treated with Pb acetate (0.5 and 1 μM) alone, Cd acetate (2.5 and 5 μM) alone, or a combination of Pb and Cd acetate, and then joint cytotoxicity was evaluated. The results showed that the combination of these two metals decreased cell viability and increased the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells and lactate dehydrogenase release synergistically. Simultaneously, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and calcium levels and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular acidification, and inhibition of Na(+), K(+)-, and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities were shown during the exposure. In addition, apoptotic morphological changes induced by these treatments in rPT cells were demonstrated by Hoechst 33258 staining. The apoptosis was markedly prevented by N-acetyl-L-cysteine, whereas necrosis was not affected. In summary, there was a synergistic cytototic effect of Pb combined with Cd on rPT cells. Cell death induced by Pb-Cd mixture was mediated by an apoptotic and a necrotic mechanism. Apoptotic death was the chief mechanism. Changes of intracellular events were intimately correlated with both oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which promoted the development of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, People's Republic of China
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Gao W, Xu K, Ji L, Tang B. Effect of gold nanoparticles on glutathione depletion-induced hydrogen peroxide generation and apoptosis in HL7702 cells. Toxicol Lett 2011; 205:86-95. [PMID: 21621595 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have shown promising biological and military applications due to their unique electronic and optical properties. However, little is known about their cytotoxicity when they come into contact with a biological system. The primary objective of this study is to determine the sequence of apoptotic signaling events that occur after modulation of the cellular redox state in HL7702 cells (human liver cell line), with emphasis on the role of the interaction of AuNPs with glutathione (GSH). After incubation with 8nm AuNPs at 50nM, there was an early decline in cytosolic GSH, which initiated mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) depolarization and apoptosis. Mitochondrial GSH depletion was observed at approximately 48h, after which mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) production increased significantly and apoptosis was further exacerbated. Bax translocation, cytochrome c release and downstream caspase 3 were first detected at 24h, notably after 48h, corresponding with increasing H(2)O(2) level. These data suggest that HL7702 cells are depleted of intracellular GSH as a result that 8nm AuNPs possess strong Au-S bonding interactions with GSH. A decrease in GSH alone can act as a potent early activator of apoptotic signaling. Increased H(2)O(2) production following mitochondrial GSH depletion represents a crucial event, which commits HL7702 cells to apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
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Pal S, Kim JY, Park SH, Lim HB, Lee KH, Song JM. Quantitative classification of DNA damages induced by submicromolar cadmium using oligonucleotide chip coupled with lesion-specific endonuclease digestion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:4460-4467. [PMID: 21526813 DOI: 10.1021/es200179j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Implementation of proper analytical tool for systematic investigation and quantitative determination of different classes of cadmium ion-induced DNA damages, especially at low metal ion concentrations, is still lacking. Using lesion-specific enzymes that cleave DNA at specific classes of damage and a fluorometric approach developed for quantifying fluorophore-labeled oligonucleotides bound to chip surfaces, we determined the frequencies of different lesions (strand breaks, oxidized purines, oxidized pyrimidines, or abasic sites) induced by submicromolar Cd(2+). Cd(2+)-treated oligonucleotide chips were digested with various endonucleases (Fpg protein, endonuclease III, endonuclease IV), producing a de novo single strand break (SSB) at their substrate modifications. The frequency of SSB and double strand break (DSB) was computed from the difference of pre- and post-Cd(2+)-treatment oligonucleotide coverage on the chip. While the frequency of SSBs and oxidized bases were successfully quantified even at 0.5 μM of Cd(2+), DSB frequency could be easily quantitated at 8.7 μM [Cd(2+)]. The numbers of abasic sites were below the oligonucleotide detection limit (2.4 amole; equivalent to 0.24 fM for a reaction volume of 100 μL). SSBs were found to constitute about 85-90% of single strand damages, while oxidized bases comprise only 4-7% of the total at 0.9 to 8.7 μM [Cd(2+)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukdeb Pal
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Hamann I, König C, Richter C, Jahnke G, Hartwig A. Impact of cadmium on hOGG1 and APE1 as a function of the cellular p53 status. Mutat Res 2011; 736:56-63. [PMID: 21605570 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53, often called the guardian of the genome, is involved in important cellular processes, such as cell cycle control, apoptosis and DNA repair. With respect to BER, p53 might physically interact with and affect the transcription of different BER proteins such as hOGG1, APE1 or Polβ. In studies in HCT116 p53(-/-) cells previously published, activity and mRNA expression of hOGG1 were found to be significantly decreased, while down-regulation of APE1 mRNA and protein levels in response to genotoxic stress were only described in HCT116 p53(+/+) cells, but not in the isogenic p53 knockout cell line. The predominantly indirect genotoxic carcinogen cadmium inhibits the BER pathway and potentially interferes with zinc binding proteins such as p53. Therefore, this study was accomplished to investigate whether p53 is involved in the cadmium-induced inhibition of BER activity. To address this issue we applied a non-radioactive cleavage test system based on a Cy5-labeled oligonucleotide. We present evidence that p53 is not essential for hOGG1 and APE1 gene expression as well as OGG and APE activity in unstressed HCT116 cells; however, it plays an important role in the cellular response to cadmium treatment. Here, a direct involvement of p53 was only observed with respect to APE1 gene expression contributing to an altered APE activity, while OGG activity was presumably affected indirectly due to a stronger accumulation of cadmium in HCT116 p53(+/+) cells. In summary, p53 indeed affects the BER pathway directly and indirectly in response to cadmium treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrit Hamann
- Institut für Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Lebensmittelchemie und Toxikologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Ling Q, Hong F. Antioxidative role of cerium against the toxicity of lead in the liver of silver crucian carp. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2010; 36:367-376. [PMID: 19130280 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-008-9301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidative role of cerium was investigated in the liver of silver crucian carp injected with lead. The fish were intraperitoneally injected with 10, 20, or 30 mg/kg wet weight PbCl(2). After a 14-day period of incubation, 35 animals were injected with a solution of 1.5 mg/kg wet weight CeCl(3). After 42 days, the wet weight and the liver weight of the fish were weighed, and the oxidative stress of the fish liver was estimated by assaying lipid peroxide, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, ascorbic acid, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results show that Ce(3+) could decrease ROS accumulation, relieve the inhibition of the activities of the antioxidant enzyme and the reduction of antioxidants in fish liver caused by Pb(2+), and decrease the enhancement of hepatosomatic index of fish under various Pb(2+) dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qufei Ling
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Fashui Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
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Company R, Serafim A, Cosson RP, Fiala-Médioni A, Camus L, Serrão-Santos R, João Bebianno M. Sub-lethal effects of cadmium on the antioxidant defence system of the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:788-795. [PMID: 20137812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus is one of the most abundant species in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vents and is continually exposed to the high-temperature venting fluids containing high metal concentrations and enriched in sulphides and methane, which constitute a potential toxic environment for marine species. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a sub-lethal Cd concentration on the antioxidant defence system of this mussel. B. azoricus were collected at Menez Gwen vent site (37 degrees 51'N, 32 degrees 31'W) and exposed to Cd (50 microg l(-1)) during 24 days, followed by a depuration period of six days. A battery of stress related biomarkers including antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase-SOD, catalase-CAT; glutathione peroxidases-GPx), metallothioneins (MT), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC) were measured in the gills and mantle of B. azoricus. Cd was accumulated linearly during the exposure period in both tissues and no significant elimination occurred after the 6 days of depuration. Antioxidant enzymes activities were significantly higher in the gills. Cyt-SOD, T-GPx and Se-GPx were induced during the experiment but this was also observed in control organisms. Mit-SOD and CAT activities remained relatively unchanged. MT levels increased linearly in the gills of exposed mussels in the first 18 days of exposure. No significant differences were observed between LPO levels of control and exposed mussels. TOSC levels remained unchanged in control and exposed mussels. This suggests that although Cd is being accumulated in the tissues of exposed mussels, MT defence system is enough to detoxify the effect of Cd accumulated in the tissues. Furthermore, other factors besides the presence of Cd are influencing the antioxidant defence system in B. azoricus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Company
- CIMA, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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Hillegass JM, Shukla A, Lathrop SA, MacPherson MB, Fukagawa NK, Mossman BT. Assessing nanotoxicity in cells in vitro. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 2:219-31. [PMID: 20063369 PMCID: PMC2854858 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are commonly defined as particles or fibers of less than 1 microm in diameter. For these reasons, they may be respirable in humans and have the potential, based upon their geometry, composition, size, and transport or durability in the body, to cause adverse effects on human health, especially if they are inhaled at high concentrations. Rodent inhalation models to predict the toxicity and pathogenicity of nanomaterials are prohibitive in terms of time and expense. For these reasons, a panel of in vitro assays is described below. These include cell culture assays for cytotoxicity (altered metabolism, decreased growth, lytic or apoptotic cell death), proliferation, genotoxicity, and altered gene expression. The choice of cell type for these assays may be dictated by the procedure or endpoint selected. Most of these assays have been standardized in our laboratory using pathogenic minerals (asbestos and silica) and non-pathogenic particles (fine titanium dioxide or glass beads) as negative controls. The results of these in vitro assays should predict whether testing of selected nanomaterials should be pursued in animal inhalation models that simulate physiologic exposure to inhaled nanomaterials. Conversely, intrathoracic or intrapleural injection of nanomaterials into rodents can be misleading because they bypass normal clearance mechanisms, and non-pathogenic fibers and particles can test positively in these assays.
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Egwuogu H, Shendell DG, Okosun IS, Goodfellow L. The effect of urinary cadmium on cardiovascular fitness as measured by VO2 max in white, black and Mexican Americans. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2009; 109:292-300. [PMID: 19144330 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2008.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Revised: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We explored potential effects of cadmium exposure on cardiovascular fitness measures, including gender and racial/ethnic differences. METHODS Data were from the 1999 to 2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES); 1963 participating subjects were included in our analysis. Volume of oxygen consumed at sub-maximum activity (VO(2) max) were recorded in a series of graded exercises; the goal was to elicit 75% of predetermined age-specific heart rates. Cadmium from urine samples was measured in the laboratory using standard methods. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to determine potential relationships. RESULTS Increased urinary cadmium concentrations were generally associated with decreased estimated VO(2) max values. Gender and racial/ethnic differences were also observed. Specifically, associations were statistically significant for white males and Mexican American females. CONCLUSION Inverse associations between urinary cadmium concentrations and estimated VO(2) max values were observed, including racial and gender differences. The implications of such gender and racial/ethnic differences on long-term cardiovascular health and health disparities of present public health concern warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heartley Egwuogu
- Institute of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Cardin GB, Mantha M, Jumarie C. Resistance to cadmium as a function of Caco-2 cell differentiation: role of reactive oxygen species in cadmium- but not zinc-induced adaptation mechanisms. Biometals 2009; 22:753-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-009-9223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sexton K, Balharry D, BéruBé KA. Genomic biomarkers of pulmonary exposure to tobacco smoke components. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2008; 18:853-60. [PMID: 18794723 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e328307bddf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between smoking and the development of tobacco-related diseases in humans have historically been assessed by epidemiological studies. These studies are further complicated by the number of chemicals used in tobacco and individual smoking habits. An alternative approach is required to assess the biological responses. OBJECTIVE Toxicogenomics was carried out to identify early molecular markers for events in pulmonary injury resulting from tobacco smoke components (TSC) exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS EpiAirway-100 cells were exposed at the air/liquid interface to representative particle (nicotine; cadmium) and vapour phase [formaldehyde (FA) and ethyl carbamate] components of cigarette smoke. Microarray technology was used to compare expression profiles of human genes associated with toxicity and drug resistance, from control and TSC-treated respiratory epithelium (n=5/dose). RESULTS Using the GEArray 'toxicology and drug resistance' microarray followed by significance analysis of microarray analysis, 42 mRNA transcripts were found to be significantly altered by the TSC exposure. The vapour [ethyl carbamate, FA and particle (nicotine, cadmium)] phase TSC exhibited differential transcriptional responses that could not be attributed to their chemical phase. The transcriptional changes could be classified according to a functional family, where ethyl carbamate, FA and cadmium classified as carcinogens, demonstrated the highest gene homology when compared with the noncarcinogen, nicotine. DISCUSSION Analysis of the microarray data and further confirmation (reverse transcriptase-PCR) identified three potential biomarkers for TSC-induced injury. These three genes (CYP7A1, HMOX1 and PTGS1) are highly upregulated and have been linked with mechanistic pathways of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Sexton
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
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Yu X, Hong S, Faustman EM. Cadmium-induced activation of stress signaling pathways, disruption of ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation and apoptosis in primary rat Sertoli cell-gonocyte cocultures. Toxicol Sci 2008; 104:385-96. [PMID: 18463101 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant that has been associated with male reproductive toxicity in both humans and animal models. The underlying mechanism of this response, however, is still uncharacterized. To address this issue, we employed a recently developed and optimized three-dimensional primary Sertoli cell-gonocyte coculture system and examined the time- and dose-dependent effects of Cd on morphological alterations, cell viability, activation of stress signaling pathway proteins, and the disruption of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). Our results demonstrated that Cd exposure lead to time- and dose-dependent morphological changes that are associated with the induction of apoptosis. In response to Cd, we also saw a disruption of the UPS as evaluated through the accumulation of high-molecular weight polyubiquitinated proteins (HMW-polyUb) as well as alterations in proteasome activity. Robust activation of cellular stress response, measured through the increased phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun N-terminal kinase and p38, paralleled the accumulation of HMW-polyUb. In addition, p53, a key regulatory protein, was upregulated and underwent increased ubiquitination in response to Cd. To further characterize the role of the UPS in Cd cellular response, we compared the above changes with two classic proteasomal inhibitors, lactacystin, and MG132. The stress response and the accumulation of HWM-polyUb induced by Cd were consistent with the response seen with MG132 but not with lactacystin. In addition, Cd treatment resulted in a dose- and time-dependent effect on proteasome activity, but the overall Cd-induced proteasomal inhibition was unique as compared to MG132 and lactacystin. Taken together, our studies further characterize Cd-induced in vitro testicular toxicity and highlight the potential role of the UPS in this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Yu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA.
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Wu C, Wang L, Liu C, Gao F, Su M, Wu X, Hong F. Mechanism of Cd2+ on DNA cleavage and Ca2+ on DNA repair in liver of silver crucian carp. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2008; 34:43-51. [PMID: 18649022 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-007-9144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The subject of acute injury, apoptosis and canceration of animals induced by heavy metal ions has been one of the hotspots studied worldwide. However, the exact molecular mechanism of Cd-induced carcinogenicity remains largely unclear, and how to relieve the toxicity in vivo has rarely been reported. For this paper, we have investigated the mechanism of Cd2+ on DNA cleavage and Ca2+ on DNA repair in the liver of silver crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) by agarose gel electrophoresis methods and by estimating biochemical indexes. Our results show that Cd2+ induces the classical laddering degradation of DNA in vivo and that DNA cleavage is repaired after injection with Ca2+ under various Cd2+ concentrations. DNA cleavage caused by Cd2+ is due to the activation of deoxyribonuclease (DNase) and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, Cd2+ destroys the antioxidant system, which diminishes the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), causing an increase of the lipid peroxidation (LPO) level, respectively. However, after the liver is injected with Ca2+ under various Cd2+ concentrations, the DNase activity, the ROS generating rate and the LPO level are obviously reduced, the activities of SOD, CAT, and POD are greatly increased. At the same time, ROS production and removal recoves its balance. The results show that Ca2+ can relieve the toxicity of Cd2+ in silver crucian carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wu
- College of Life Science, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
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Acharya UR, Mishra M, Patro J, Panda MK. Effect of vitamins C and E on spermatogenesis in mice exposed to cadmium. Reprod Toxicol 2008; 25:84-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Revised: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wills NK, Ramanujam VMS, Chang J, Kalariya N, Lewis JR, Weng TX, van Kuijk FJGM. Cadmium accumulation in the human retina: effects of age, gender, and cellular toxicity. Exp Eye Res 2007; 86:41-51. [PMID: 17967453 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2007.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Revised: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking and aging are among the few factors linked to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a major cause of blindness in the elderly. Recent studies indicate that cadmium (Cd), an environmental toxic trace metal, is approximately four-fold higher in the retinas of smokers compared to non-smokers. In this study, we determined the effects of age and gender on Cd accumulation in human retinal tissues, specifically the neural retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and choroid. Cadmium levels in cultured RPE cells or retinal tissues isolated from frozen donor eyes were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GF-AAS). Cadmium uptake in cultured human RPE cells (ARPE-19) was also assessed using GF-AAS. Toxic effects of cadmium were determined from cell loss (measured as a decrease in cell density) and lactate dehydrogenase release (an indicator of membrane disruption). In "young" eyes (< 55 years) Cd was highest in the retinal pigment epithelium and lowest in the neural retina. Cd was higher in all tissues in aged eyes (>or=55 years) and was significantly higher in the neural retina and RPE in older females. Cultured RPE cells exposed to Cd showed altered cell morphology, decreased cell survival, elevated ROS levels and concentration-dependent disruption of membrane integrity. We conclude that cadmium is accumulated differently in the neural retinal and RPE of older men and women. The deleterious effects of Cd on RPE cells indicate that this environmental toxin is a potentially important factor in age-related retinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Wills
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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Kusakabe T, Nakajima K, Suzuki K, Nakazato K, Takada H, Satoh T, Oikawa M, Kobayashi K, Koyama H, Arakawa K, Nagamine T. The changes of heavy metal and metallothionein distribution in testis induced by cadmium exposure. Biometals 2007; 21:71-81. [PMID: 17443291 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-007-9094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2006] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is known to cause various disorders in the testis, and metallothionein (MT) is known as a protein, which has a detoxification function for heavy metals. However, the changes of Fe, Cu, and Zn distribution in the testis induced by Cd exposure have not been well examined. Moreover, only a few studies have been reported on the localization of MT after Cd exposure. In this study, we have investigated the changes of Fe, Cu, and Zn distribution in Cd-exposed testis by a newly developed in air micro-Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) method. Also, we examined the distribution of MT expression in testis. In the testis of Cd-treated rats with significant increases of lipid peroxidation, the sertoli cell tight junction was damaged by Cd exposure, resulting from disintegration of the blood testis barrier (BTB). Evaluation by in air micro-PIXE method revealed that Cd and Fe distribution were increased in the interstitial tissues and seminiferous tubules. The histological findings indicated that the testicular tissue damage was advanced, which may have been caused by Fe flowing into seminiferous tubules followed by disintegration of the BTB. As a result, Fe was considered to enhance the tissue damage caused by Cd exposure. MT was detected in spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and Sertoli's cells in the testis of Cd-treated rats, but was not detected in interstitial tissues. These results suggested that MT was induced by Cd in spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and Sertoli's cells, and was involved in the resistance to tissue damage induced by Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Kusakabe
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Shouwa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514, Japan.
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Boujelben M, Ghorbel F, Vincent C, Makni-Ayadi F, Guermazi F, Croute F, El-Feki A. Lipid peroxidation and HSP72/73 expression in rat following cadmium chloride administration: Interactions of magnesium supplementation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 57:437-43. [PMID: 16616466 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2006.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to determine whether magnesium (Mg) supplementation could have a protective effect against the cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative stress in liver, kidneys and testes of adult male rats. Stress was evaluated by measuring lipid peroxidation by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the heat shock protein (HSP) 72/73 expression. CdCl2 injections (2.5mg/day/kg body weight) for 10 days resulted in a time dependent increase of Cd accumulation in liver, kidney and testes, the highest levels being found in liver (400 microg/g dried tissue). At the same time, an increase of lipid peroxidation was observed. The effect was maximal at day 1 of Cd treatment in liver and testes, and later (day 5) in kidney. Then, Cd-induced lipid peroxidation decreased, suggesting the activation of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Injections of Mg SO4 (300-600 mg/day/kg body weight) reduced in a dose-dependent manner Cd-induced lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney as well as the accumulation of Cd in liver, kidney and testes. In testes, a protective effect of Mg was found only during the early phase of Cd-poisoning. On days 5 and 10, lipid peroxidation was even increased as compared to controls. In liver and testes only the constitutive HSP73 was detected whereas in kidney both HSP73 and the inducible HSP72 were expressed. HSP72/73 expression was not significantly increased by Cd and HSP73 was even lowered in kidney, probably due to the strong dose used. These results were not modified by Mg injections. CONCLUSION Mg supplementation can reduce Cd accumulation in organs and lipid peroxidation related to Cd administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Boujelben
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Animale de la Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, BP. 802-3018 Sfax, Tunisie
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López E, Arce C, Oset-Gasque MJ, Cañadas S, González MP. Cadmium induces reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation in cortical neurons in culture. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 40:940-51. [PMID: 16540389 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2004] [Revised: 10/20/2005] [Accepted: 10/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a toxic agent that it is also an environmental contaminant. Cadmium exposure may be implicated in some humans disorders related to hyperactivity and increased aggressiveness. This study presents data indicating that cadmium induces cellular death in cortical neurons in culture. This death could be mediated by an apoptotic and a necrotic mechanism. The apoptotic death may be mediated by oxidative stress with reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation which could be induced by mitochondrial membrane dysfunction since this cation produces: (a) depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential and (b) diminution of ATP levels with ATP release. Necrotic death could be mediated by lipid peroxidation induced by cadmium through an indirect mechanism (ROS formation). On the other hand, 40% of the cells survive cadmium action. This survival seems to be mediated by the ability of these cells to activate antioxidant defense systems, since cadmium reduced the intracellular glutathione levels and induced catalase and SOD activation in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E López
- Instituto de Bioquímica (Centro Mixto CSIC-UCM), Facultad de Farmacia, 28040-Madrid, Spain
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Ye HQ, Gan L, Yang XL, Xu HB. Membrane-associated cytotoxicity induced by realgar in promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 103:366-71. [PMID: 16174554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2004] [Revised: 07/26/2005] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Realgar has been shown to have a therapeutic effect against acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) by inducing apoptosis. However, there is little data about the effects of it on plasma membrane. In the present study, the cytotoxicity of realgar to HL-60 cells including its inhibiting cell growth, inducing apoptosis and bringing about membrane toxicity was investigated. It was suggested that realgar could significantly suppress the proliferation of HL-60 cells in a dose-dependent manner by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the IC50 value was 5.67 microM. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that treatment with realgar resulted in increased percentages of apoptotic cells in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, membrane lipid peroxidation level, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and membrane surface topography alterations were investigated to assess the membrane toxicity induced by realgar. Treatment with realgar at different concentrations accelerated membrane lipid peroxidation, potentiated LDH leakage, which was consistent with enhanced disorganization of membrane surface observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). These results suggested that such membrane toxicity induced by realgar might play an important role in the process of apoptotic induction and could be considered as one of mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity of realgar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qing Ye
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
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Im JY, Paik SG, Han PL. Cadmium-induced astroglial death proceeds via glutathione depletion. J Neurosci Res 2006; 83:301-8. [PMID: 16385582 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a heavy metal that accumulates in the body, and its accumulation in the brain damages both neurons and glial cells. In the current study, we explored the mechanism underlying cadmium toxicity in primary cortical astroglia cultures. Chronic treatment with 10 microM cadmium was sufficient to cause 90% cell death in 18 hr. However, unlike that observed in neurons, cadmium-induced astroglial toxicity was not attenuated by the antioxidants trolox (100 microM), caffeic acid (1 mM), and vitamin C (1 mM). In contrast, extracellular 100 microM glutathione (GSH; gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly) or 100 microM cysteine almost completely blocked cadmium-induced astroglial death, whereas 300 microM oxidized GSH (GSSG) or 300 microM cystine, which do not have the free thiol group, were ineffective. In addition, cadmium toxicity was noticeably inhibited or enhanced when intracellular GSH was, respectively, increased by using the cell-permeable glutathione ethyl ester (GSH-EE) or depleted by using buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. In agreement with these data, intracellular GSH levels were found to be depressed in cadmium-treated astrocytes. These results suggest that the toxic effect of cadmium on primary astroglial cells involves GSH depletion and, furthermore, that GSH administration can potentially be used to counteract cadmium-induced astroglial cell death therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Im
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Center and Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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