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Soeiro MDNC, Sales-Junior PA, Pereira VRA, Vannier-Santos MA, Murta SMF, de Sousa AS, Sangenis LHC, Moreno AMH, Boechat N, Branco FSC, Holetz FB, Ávila AR, Pereira MCDS. Drug screening and development cascade for Chagas disease: an update of in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2024; 119:e240057. [PMID: 38958341 PMCID: PMC11218046 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760240057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a tropical neglected disease that affects millions of people worldwide, still demanding a more effective and safer therapy, especially in its chronic phase which lacks a treatment that promotes substantial parasitological cure. The technical note of Romanha and collaborators published in 2010 aimed establish a guideline with the set of minimum criteria and decision gates for the development of new agents against Trypanosoma cruzi with the focus on developing new antichagasic drugs. In this sense, the present review aims to update this technical note, bringing the state of the art and new advances on this topic in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Policarpo Ademar Sales-Junior
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Imunologia, Laboratório de Imunopatologia e Biologia Molecular, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Valeria Rêgo Alves Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Imunologia, Laboratório de Imunopatologia e Biologia Molecular, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Marcos André Vannier-Santos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Andrea Silvestre de Sousa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doença de Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Luiz Henrique Conde Sangenis
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doença de Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Alejandro Marcel Hasslocher Moreno
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doença de Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Núbia Boechat
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos - Farmanguinhos, Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos e Bioativos, Laboratório de Síntese de Fármacos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Frederico Silva Castelo Branco
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos - Farmanguinhos, Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos e Bioativos, Laboratório de Síntese de Fármacos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Fabíola Barbieri Holetz
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Laboratório de Regulação da Expressão Gênica, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Andrea Rodrigues Ávila
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Apicomplexa, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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Zhou J, Wang N, Wang M, Hu Y, Zhang Z, Gu Z, Wang J, Shou H, Cheng X, Liu H, Li Y, Zhou Y. Discovery and Optimization of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives To Enhance Lysosome Biogenesis as Preclinical Candidates for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8836-8861. [PMID: 38830007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
More than 55 million individuals are suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD), while the effective therapeutic strategies remain elusive. Our previous study identified a lysosome-enhancing lead compound LH2-051 with a tetrahydroisoquinoline scaffold through a novel dopamine transporter-cyclin-dependent kinase 9-transcription factor EB (DAT-CDK9-TFEB) regulation mechanism to promote TFEB activation and lysosome biogenesis. Here, we launched a comprehensive structure-activity relationship study for LH2-051, and 47 new derivatives were designed and synthesized, in which several compounds exhibited remarkable lysosome-enhancing activities. Notably, compounds 37 and 45 exhibited more favorable TFEB activation and lysosome biogenesis capabilities, good safety profiles, and excellent pharmacokinetic profiles with high brain penetration. Further investigations demonstrated that both compounds significantly enhance the clearance of Aβ aggregates and ameliorate the impairment of learning, memory, and cognition in APP/PS1 mice. Overall, these results indicated that compounds 37 and 45 are promising preclinical drug candidates for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Drug Discovery & Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengxue Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Drug Discovery & Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuting Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Drug Discovery & Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- Drug Discovery & Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zhiyong Gu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Drug Discovery & Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haowen Shou
- Drug Discovery & Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Drug Discovery & Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Drug Discovery & Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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Mahmoud K, Ahmed A F S, Marwa M M, Zeinab A E, Salwa M EH, Walid F, May A EM, Youssef EM. Cell based and In vivo systematic evaluation of some Egyptian plant extracts targeting breast cancer. Toxicon 2024; 244:107752. [PMID: 38761923 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of breast cancer as a significant public health concern necessitates continued exploration of natural resources for novel anti-cancer agents is crucial. MATERIAL AND METHODS Anticancer activity of plant extracts on monolayer breast cancer cell line (MCF7) with lower levels of toxicity towards normal (RPE1) underwent further assessment using a three-dimensional model (3D). The extract's effects were investigated through multiple assays including apoptosis induction using quantifying cleaved cytokeratin-18 (CK18) and DNA fragmentation. Additionally, the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was quantitative using real-time PCR. The median lethal dose (LD50) was determined by the acute oral toxicity, while biomarkers associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and cell death were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS Limoniastrum monopetalum and Bauhinia variegata exhibited the most potent antitumor efficacy among the investigated extracts. They demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against MCF7 with no significant effect on hTERT RPE-1, with an IC50 of 100 μM. The extract demonstrated effectiveness in killing cancer cells within 3D tumor-like structures, induced apoptosis through caspase-3 activation and cleavage of cytokeratin-18, up-regulated the tumor suppressor p53, down-regulated the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene, and caused DNA fragmentation. Acute oral toxicity studies in mice indicated low toxicity, and in a syngeneic mouse tumor model, the extract significantly inhibited tumor growth, suggesting its potential for further development. CONCLUSION Limoniastrum monopetalum and Bauhinia variegata exhibited the most potent antitumor efficacy among the investigated extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Mahmoud
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Soliman Ahmed A F
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mounier Marwa M
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Elshahid Zeinab A
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industry, Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - El-Hallouty Salwa M
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Fayad Walid
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - El-Manawaty May A
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Elham M Youssef
- Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Amritkar AM, Hussain A, Altamimi MA, Ashique S, Usman Mohd Siddique M, Burle S, Shaikh AR, Goyal SN, Bhat ZR. Potentially active aspirin derivative to release nitric oxide: In-vitro, in-vivo and in-silico approaches. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101925. [PMID: 38348290 PMCID: PMC10859280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The series of newer salicylate derivatives incorporating nitroxy functionality were synthesized and evaluated for their potential effect in gastrointestinal (GI) related toxicity produced by aspirin. The synthesized compounds (5a-j) were subjected to %NO (nitric oxide) release study, in-vitro anti-inflammatory potential, % inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema and the obtained results were validated by in-silico studies including molecular docking, MD simulations and in-silico ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination) calculations. Compounds 5a (20.86 %) and 5g (18.20 %) displayed the highest percentage of NO release in all the tested compounds. Similarly, 5a and 5h were found to have (77.11 % and 79.53 %) &(78.56 % and 66.10 %) inhibition in carrageenan induced paw edema in animal mode which were relatively higher than ibuprofen (standard used). The obtained results were validated by molecular docking and MD simulations studies. The molecular docking study of 5a and 5h revealed that docking scores were also obtained in very close proximity of -8.35, -9.67 and -8.48 for ibuprofen, 5g and 5h respectively. In MD simulations studies, the calculated lower RMSD (root mean square deviation) values 2.8 Å and 5.6 Å for 5g and 5h, respectively indicated the stability of ligand-protein complexes. Similarly lower RSMF (root mean square fluctuation) values indicated the molecules remained in the active pocket throughout the entire MD simulations run. Further, in-silico ADME calculations were determined and all compounds obey the Lipinski's rule of five and it was predicted that these molecules would be orally active without any serious toxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta M. Amritkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy Dhule, MH 424001, India
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur 713212, West Bengal, India
| | - Mohd Usman Mohd Siddique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy Dhule, MH 424001, India
| | - Sushil Burle
- SMT Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, MH, India
| | | | - Sameer N. Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy Dhule, MH 424001, India
| | - Zahid R. Bhat
- Department of Molecular and Cellular oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX, USA
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Fayez N, Khalil W, Abdel-Sattar E, Abdel-Fattah AFM. Involvement of TNFα, IL-1β, COX-2 and NO in the anti-inflammatory activity of Tamarix aphylla in Wistar albino rats: an in-vivo and in-vitro study. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:57. [PMID: 38273280 PMCID: PMC10809683 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the emergence of many side effects from synthetic drugs, there is an urgent need to find a natural alternative to these products. Therefore, our primary aim was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Tamarix aphylla (TA) and investigate the potential mechanism underlying this action. METHODS Initially, to ensure the safety of the extract and for dose selection, we performed an acute oral toxicity Assay through the oral administration of graded doses up to 4 g\kg in Wistar rats. then, we used the carrageenan-induced edema model to elucidate the anti-inflammatory activity. Using specific ELISA kits, we measured the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2 and NO inside the inflamed paw tissue. Finally, for the in-vitro anti-inflammatory experiment, we used the erythrocyte membrane stability test. RESULTS Based on the acute oral toxicity assay, T. aphylla was considered generally safe and three different doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg were chosen for further experiments. Additionally, TA expressed a significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity, showing the maximum inhibition percentage at the fifth hour of measurement at 53.47% and 70.06%, at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively, compared to 63.81% for the standard drug. Similarly, we found that TA effectively reduced the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β at all tested doses (100-200-400 mg/kg) to a greater extent than the standard drug. Moreover, at 400 mg/kg, TA was able to significantly lower the levels of COX-2 and NO inside the inflamed tissue to a level comparable (P < 0.05) with that measured inside the paw tissue of normal rats. Finally, Tamarix aphylla at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the heat-induced hemolysis of RBCs membrane by 67.78, 74.82 and 82.08%, respectively, compared to 83.89% produced by Aspirin. CONCLUSION T. aphylla produced a significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity compared to the standard drugs either through the reduction of pro-inflammatory mediators or the protection of the lysosomal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Fayez
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Waleed Khalil
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Essam Abdel-Sattar
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El- Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Roney M, Dubey A, Issahaku AR, Uddin MN, Tufail A, Wilhelm A, Zamri NB, Aluwi MFFM. Insights from in silico exploration of major curcumin analogs targeting human dipeptidyl peptidase IV. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38260948 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2306197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this work is to use a variety of in-silico techniques to identify anti-diabetic agents against DPP-IV enzyme from five main curcumin analogues. To produce the successful molecules, five main curcumin analogues were docked into the active site of DPP-IV enzyme. In comparison to the control molecule (Saxagliptin, -6.9 kcal/mol), all the compounds have the highest binding affinity (-7.6 to -7.7 kcal/mol) for the DPP-IV enzyme. These compounds underwent further testing for studies on drug-likeness, pharmacokinetics, and acute toxicity to see the efficacy and safety of compounds. To assess the stability of the docking complex and the binding posture identified during the docking experiment, our study got THC as the lead compound, which was then exposed to 200 ns of molecular dynamic simulation and PCA analysis. Additionally, DFT calculations were conducted to determine the thermodynamic, molecular orbital, and electrostatic potential characteristics of lead compound. Overall, the lead chemical has shown strong drug-like properties, is non-toxic, and has a sizable affinity for the DPP-IV enzyme.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miah Roney
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
- Bio Aromatic Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
| | - Amit Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Computational Chemistry and Drug Discovery Division, Quanta Calculus, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Md Nazim Uddin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Aisha Tufail
- Department of Computational Chemistry and Drug Discovery Division, Quanta Calculus, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anke Wilhelm
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Normaiza Binti Zamri
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd Aluwi
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
- Bio Aromatic Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
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Hossain KN, Islam MS, Rahman SH, Sarker S, Mondal M, Rahman MA, Alhag SK, Al-Shuraym LA, Alghamdi OA, Islam MT, AL-Farga A, El-Shazly M, Alam MJ, El-Nashar HAS. In Vitro Antioxidant and In Vivo Hepatoprotective Properties of Wissadula periplocifolia Extract. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:47001-47011. [PMID: 38107893 PMCID: PMC10720299 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) Thwaites is a traditional medicinal plant belonging to the family Malvaceae, used in folk medicine for inflamed snake bites and bee stings. The current study was designed to investigate the in vitro antioxidant and in vivo anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of 80% ethanol extract of W. periplocifolia and its different fractions. The crude ethanolic extract (CEE) was then serially fractionated with petroleum ether fraction (PEF), chloroform fraction (CHF), and aqueous fraction (AQF). The antioxidant activity was assessed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay, anti-inflammatory activity was determined in the xylene-induced ear edema model, and hepatoprotective activity was measured in the paracetamol-induced hepatic injury model. PEF showed a significant scavenging effect with an IC50 value of 33.5 μg/mL, followed by CEE (IC50 = 42.2 μg/mL), CHF (IC50 = 77 μg/mL), and AQF (IC50 = 80 μg/mL), compared to standard butylated hydroxytoluene (IC50 = 14.8 μg/mL). Both doses of CEE (250 and 500 mg/kg) could reduce ear edema by 41.3 and 50%, respectively, compared to standard diclofenac sodium (76.09%). Moreover, CEE significantly reduces the elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP), compared to control. Nevertheless, it elevated blood protein and reduced the blood bilirubin level (p < 0.01), compared to control. Histopathological studies also indicated significant protection of the liver from paracetamol-induced liver damage. In conclusion, W. periplocifolia could be a good source of antioxidant and hepatoprotective phytochemicals; meanwhile, toxicological and pharmacokinetic studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Nadim Hossain
- Department
of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shafiqul Islam
- Department
of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Hasibur Rahman
- Department
of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Subroto Sarker
- Department
of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Milon Mondal
- Department
of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sadeq K. Alhag
- Biology
Department, College of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Muhayl
Asser 61913, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila A. Al-Shuraym
- Biology
Department, Faculty of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman A. Alghamdi
- Department
of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 22233, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department
of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Ammar AL-Farga
- Department
of Biochemistry, College of Science, University
of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain
Shams University, Abbassia 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Md. Jahir Alam
- Department
of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Heba A. S. El-Nashar
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain
Shams University, Abbassia 11566, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Roney M, Issahaku AR, Huq AM, Soliman MES, Tajuddin SN, Aluwi MFFM. Exploring the potential of biologically active phenolic acids from marine natural products as anticancer agents targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37909584 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2276879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) dimerizes upon ligand bindings to the extracellular domain that initiates the downstream signaling cascades and activates intracellular kinase domain. Thus, activation of autophosphorylation through kinase domain results in metastasis, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis. The main objective of this research is to discover more promising anti-cancer lead compound against EGRF from the phenolic acids of marine natural products using in-silico approaches. Phenolic compounds reported from marine sources are reviewed from previous literatures. Furthermore, molecular docking was carried out using the online tool CB-Dock. The molecules with good docking and binding energies scores were subjected to ADME, toxicity and drug-likeness analysis. Subsequently, molecules from the docking experiments were also evaluated using the acute toxicity and MD simulation studies. Fourteen phenolic compounds from the reported literatures were reviewed based on the findings, isolation, characterized and applications. Molecular docking studies proved that the phenolic acids have good binding fitting by forming hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues at the binding site of EGFR. Chlorogenic acid, Chicoric acid and Rosmarinic acid showed the best binding energies score and forming hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues compare to the reference drug Erlotinib. Among these compounds, Rosmarinic acid showed the good pharmacokinetics profiles as well as acute toxicity profile. The MD simulation study further revealed that the lead complex is stable and could be future drug to treat the cancer disease. Furthermore, in a wet lab environment, both in-vitro and in-vivo testing will be employed to validate the existing computational results.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miah Roney
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
- Centre for Bio-aromatic Research, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rashid Issahaku
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Akm Moyeenul Huq
- Centre for Bio-aromatic Research, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Saiful Nizam Tajuddin
- Centre for Bio-aromatic Research, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd Aluwi
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
- Centre for Bio-aromatic Research, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
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Iqbal S, Jabeen F, Kahwa I, Omara T. Suberosin Alleviates Thiazolidinedione-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Diabetic Rats by Inhibiting Ferroptosis via Modulation of ACSL4-LPCAT3 and PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathways. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2023; 23:295-304. [PMID: 37676618 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-023-09804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones are useful antidiabetic medications. However, their use is associated with adverse side effects like edema, heart failure and bone fractures. In this study, we investigated the anti-ferroptosis effects of suberosin (SBR; a prenylated coumarin) in diabetic Sprague Dawley rats. Further, we assessed the effects of co-administration of SBR (30 and 90 mg/kg/day) with thiazolidinedione (TZ at 15 mg/kg) to mitigate TZ-induced cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats. Our results showed that cardiac output, stroke volume, left ventricle systolic and diastolic pressures were aggravated in diabetic rats treated with TZ alone after 4 weeks. TZ treatments induced ferroptosis as well as marked histoarchitecture disarrangements in rat cardiomyocytes. The study found that optimizing volume overload alleviated cardiac hypertrophy and mitigated left ventricular dysfunction in diabetic rats co-treated with SBR. SBR co-administration with TZ reduced MDA levels in heart tissue and serum iron concentration (biomarkers of ferroptosis), downregulated mRNA expressions of LOX, ACSL4, LPCAT3, and promoted GPX4 activity as well as upregulated mRNA levels of AKT/PI3K/GSK3β as compared to the group administered with TZ at 15 mg/kg. SBR co-administration also helped to retain the normal histoarchitecture of cardiomyocytes in diabetic rats. Hence, our results suggested that SBR is an effective supplement and could be prescribed to diabetic patients along with TZ but this requires further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnoor Iqbal
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Farhat Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ivan Kahwa
- Pharma-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Timothy Omara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Aerospace Studies, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900, Eldoret, Kenya
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Ibrahim A, Ipinloju N, Atasie NH, Babalola RM, Muhammad SA, Oyeneyin OE. Discovery of Small Molecule PARKIN Activator from Antipsychotic/Anti-neuropsychiatric Drugs as Therapeutics for PD: an In Silico Repurposing Approach. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5980-6002. [PMID: 36735144 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although there is presently no cure for Parkinson's disease (PD), the available therapies are only able to lessen symptoms and preserve the quality of life. Around 10 million people globally had PD as of 2020. The widely used standard drug has recently been revealed to have several negative effects. Additionally, there is a dearth of innovative compounds entering the market as a result of subpar ADMET characteristics. Drug repurposing provides a chance to reenergize the sluggish drug discovery process by identifying new applications for already-approved medications. As this strategy offers a practical way to speed up the process of developing alternative medications for PD. This study used a computer-aided technique to select therapeutic agent(s) from FDA-approved neuropsychiatric/psychotic drugs that can be adopted in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In the current work, a computational approach via molecular docking, density functional theory (DFT), and pharmacokinetics were used to identify possible (anti)neuropsychiatric/psychotic medications for the treatment of PD. By using molecular docking, about eight (anti)neuropsychiatric/psychotic medications were tested against PARKIN, a key protein in PD. Based on the docking score, the best ligand in the trial was determined. The top hits were compared to the reference ligand levodopa (L-DOPA). A large proportion of the drugs displayed binding affinity that was relatively higher than L-DOPA. Also, DFT analysis confirms the ligand-receptor interactions and the molecular charge transfer. All the compounds were found to obey Lipinski's rule with acceptable pharmacokinetic properties. The current study has revealed the effectiveness of antineuropsychiatric/antipsychotic drugs against PARKIN in the treatment of PD and lumateperone was revealed to be the most promising candidate interacting with PARKIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwasiu Ibrahim
- Drosophila Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
- Drosophila Research and Training Centre, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Nureni Ipinloju
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria.
| | | | | | | | - Oluwatoba Emmanuel Oyeneyin
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
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11
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Chandal N, Tambat R, Kalia R, Kumar G, Mahey N, Jachak S, Nandanwar H. Efflux pump inhibitory potential of indole derivatives as an arsenal against norA over-expressing Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0487622. [PMID: 37754560 PMCID: PMC10581058 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04876-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
NorA, an extensively studied efflux pump in Staphylococcus aureus, has been connected to fluoroquinolone, antiseptic, and disinfection resistance. Several studies have also emphasized how efflux pumps, including NorA, function as the first line of defense of S. aureus against antibiotics. In this study, we have screened some chemically synthesized indole derivatives for their activity as efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs). The derivative SMJ-5 was found to be a potent NorA efflux pump inhibitor among the screened indole derivatives, owing to increased ethidium bromide and norfloxacin accumulation in norA over-expressing S. aureus. The combination of SMJ-5 and ciprofloxacin demonstrated the eradication of S. aureus biofilm and prolonged the post-antibiotic effect more than ciprofloxacin alone. SMJ-5 was able to inhibit staphyloxanthin virulence. In in vitro time-kill trials and in vivo efficacy investigations, the combination enhanced the bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin against S. aureus. Additionally, reverse transcription PCR results revealed that SMJ-5 also inhibits the NorA efflux pump indirectly at the transcriptional level. IMPORTANCE The NorA efflux pump is the most effective resistance mechanism in S. aureus. The clinical importance of NorA efflux pumps is demonstrated by the expression of pump genes in S. aureus strains in response to fluoroquinolones and biocides. Along with the repercussions of decreased fluoroquinolone sensitivity, increasing expression of efflux pump genes by their substrate necessitates the importance of efflux pump inhibitors. Reserpine and verapamil are clinically used to treat ailments and have proven NorA inhibitors, but, unfortunately, the concentration needed for these drugs to inhibit the pump is not safe in clinical settings. In the current study, we have screened some indole derivatives, and among them, SMJ-5 was reported to potentiate norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin at their sub-inhibitory concentration by inhibiting the norA gene transcriptionally. Here we highlight the promising points of this study, which could serve as a model to design a therapeutic EPI candidate against norA over-expressing S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Chandal
- Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rushikesh Tambat
- Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ritu Kalia
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, India
| | - Nisha Mahey
- Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Jachak
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Hemraj Nandanwar
- Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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12
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Rodrigues CHP, Mariotto LS, Castro JS, Peruquetti PH, Silva-Junior NC, Bruni AT. Acute, chronic, and post-mortem toxicity: a review focused on three different classes of new psychoactive substances. Forensic Toxicol 2023; 41:187-212. [PMID: 36604359 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-022-00657-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE New psychoactive substances (NPS) are not controlled under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 or the 1971 Convention, but they may pose a public health threat. Knowledge of the main properties and toxicological effects of these substances is lacking. According to the current Drugs Law (Law n. 11.343/2006), the Brazilian Surveillance Agency issues directives for forbidden substances in Brazil, and structural classes of synthetic cannabinoids, cathinones, and phenylethylamines are considered illicit drugs. Considering that data on these controlled substances are scattered, the main objective of this work was to collect and organize data to generate relevant information on the toxicological properties of NPS. METHODS We carried out a literature review collecting information on the acute, chronic, and post-mortem toxicity of these classes of NSP. We searched info in five scientific databases considering works from 2017 to 2021 and performed a statistical evaluation of the data. RESULTS Results have shown a general lack of studies in this field given that many NPS have not had their toxicity evaluated. We observed a significant difference in the volume of data concerning acute and chronic/post-mortem toxicity. Moreover, studies on the adverse effects of polydrug use are scarce. CONCLUSIONS More in-depth information about the main threats involving NPS use are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio H P Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
- INCT Forense - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Lívia S Mariotto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
- INCT Forense - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Jade S Castro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
- INCT Forense - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Peruquetti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Newton C Silva-Junior
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
- INCT Forense - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Aline T Bruni
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil.
- INCT Forense - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil.
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13
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Fayez N, Khalil W, Abdel-Sattar E, Abdel-Fattah AFM. In vitro and in vivo assessment of the anti-inflammatory activity of olive leaf extract in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1529-1538. [PMID: 37029328 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex and crucial process that protects the body against pathogens. Here in our study, we propose to scientifically justify the anti-inflammatory activity of olive leaf (OL). Initially, we ensured the safety of olive leaf extract (OLE) through acute oral administration of graded doses up to 4 g\kg in Wistar rats. Thus, the extract was considered generally safe. We also evaluated the ability of the extract to reduce carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Compared to diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg PO), OLE showed significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity, showing the maximum inhibition percentage at the fifth hour of measurement at 42.31% and 46.99%, at doses of 200 and 400 m/kg, respectively, compared to 63.81% for the standard drug. To elucidate the potential mechanism, we measured TNF, IL-1, COX-2 and NO inside the paw tissue. Interestingly, OLE at all tested doses reduced the concentration of TNF and IL-1 to a level that was lower than that obtained by the standard drug. Additionally, OLE at the dose of 400 mg/kg reduced the levels of COX-2 and NO inside the paw tissue to a level that was statistically equivalent to the level observed in the normal control group. Finally, olive leaf extract at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the heat-induced hemolysis of RBCs membrane by 25.62, 57.40 and 73.88%, respectively, compared to 83.89% produced by aspirin. Consequently, we concluded that olive leaf extract has a significant anti-inflammatory activity through the reduction of TNF, IL-1, COX-2 and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Fayez
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Waleed Khalil
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Essam Abdel-Sattar
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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14
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Ryu JY, Jang WD, Jang J, Oh KS. PredAOT: a computational framework for prediction of acute oral toxicity based on multiple random forest models. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:66. [PMID: 36829107 PMCID: PMC9951537 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute oral toxicity of drug candidates can lead to drug development failure; thus, predicting the acute oral toxicity of small compounds is important for successful drug development. However, evaluation of the acute oral toxicity of small compounds considered in the early stages of drug discovery is limited because of cost and time. Here, we developed a computational framework, PredAOT, that predicts the acute oral toxicity of small compounds in mice and rats. METHODS PredAOT is based on multiple random forest models for the accurate prediction of acute oral toxicity. A total of 6226 and 6238 compounds evaluated in mice and rats, respectively, were used to train the models. RESULTS PredAOT has the advantage of predicting acute oral toxicity in mice and rats simultaneously, and its prediction performance is similar to or better than that of existing tools. CONCLUSION PredAOT will be a useful tool for the quick and accurate prediction of the acute oral toxicity of small compounds in mice and rats during drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yong Ryu
- Department of Biotechnology, Duksung Women's University, 33 Samyang-Ro 144-Gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 01369, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Research and Development, Oncocross Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo Dae Jang
- grid.29869.3c0000 0001 2296 8192Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Jidon Jang
- grid.29869.3c0000 0001 2296 8192Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Seok Oh
- Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, 176 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Lane TR, Harris J, Urbina F, Ekins S. Comparing LD 50/LC 50 Machine Learning Models for Multiple Species. ACS CHEMICAL HEALTH & SAFETY 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chas.2c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Lane
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Joshua Harris
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Fabio Urbina
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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16
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Saibu OA, Singh G, Olugbodi SA, Oluwafemi AT, Ajayi TM, Hammed SO, Oladipo OO, Odunitan TT, Omoboyowa DA. Identification of HER2 inhibitors from curcumin derivatives using combination of in silico screening and molecular dynamics simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:12328-12337. [PMID: 36752338 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2175260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a major world health challenge in women. Some Breast cancers are human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive. Since this protein promotes the growth of cancer cells, it remains a therapeutic target for novel drugs. This study uses in silico model to predict HER2 inhibitors from curcumin derivatives via QSAR, e-pharmacophore, ADMET as well as structure-based virtual screening using Schrodinger suite. The molecular dynamics simulation of lead compounds, reference ligand and co-crystalized ligand was performed using GROMACS. At the end, eight active curcumin derivatives were predicted as inhibitors of HER2 with high binding affinity and better interaction compared with the reference drug (Neratinib) but lower binding affinity compared with the co-crystalized ligand (TAK-285). After prediction of the bioactivity of the molecules using AutoQSAR, the hit compounds showed appreciable inhibitory pIC50 compared with the reference and co-crystalized ligands against HER2. The pharmacokinetics profile predicted the eight hit compounds as drug-like and drug candidates. The MD simulation predicted the stability of the two top-scored compounds (10763284 and 78321412) in complex with HER2 for the final 80 ns of the trajectory period after initial equilibration with higher H-bond interactions in the protein-reference drug complex compared to the hit compounds-HER2 complexes. This study revealed that curcumin derivatives especially (1E,6E)-1,8-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)octa-1,6-diene-3,5-dione and (1E,6E)-4-ethyl-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione were identified to demonstrate inhibitory activity against HER2 which is comparable to neratinib. Conclusively, the lead compounds require further in vitro and in vivo experimental validation for the discovery of new HER2 antagonists for breast cancer management.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin A Saibu
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Universitat Duisburg-Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Section of Microbiology, Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunday A Olugbodi
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Universitat Duisburg-Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Adenrele T Oluwafemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Temitope M Ajayi
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Sodiq O Hammed
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oladapo O Oladipo
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Tope T Odunitan
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
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17
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In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Properties of the Hydroethanolic Extract of the Roots of Vernonia guineensis (Asteraceae). Int J Inflam 2023; 2023:7915367. [PMID: 36909893 PMCID: PMC9995193 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7915367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In traditional Cameroonian medicine, to relieve many inflammations, parts of Vernonia guineensis, are very widely used. This study considered the evaluation of acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory properties of the hydroethanolic extract of the roots of Vernonia guineensis. In an acute toxicity study, 250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg were administered orally to mice in a single dose, and general behavior, adverse effects, and mortality were monitored. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory tests were performed, and then histological, serum, hematological, and oxidative stress parameters have been evaluated. In an acute toxicity, all groups revealed neither mortality nor any significant alteration in behavior; only drowsiness, sedation, and lethargy were observed at 5000 mg/kg. For in vitro tests, the extract inhibited anti-inflammatory activity. In the formalin test, at 250 mg/kg, the extract inhibited edema with a percentage of 56.41% (4th hour) in an acute treatment and 74.44% (10th day). Joint edema was reduced by 67.24% (24th hour) in a single treatment and by 74.25% (7th day) in repeated treatment. The extract caused an increase in red blood cell, hemoglobin, and serum protein levels and reduced the white blood cells as well as the activities of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase. The extract modulated oxidative stress parameters in the brain, spinal cord, liver, and kidneys. The extract protected the joint by reducing the bone and cartilage erosion. The present work highlights the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antianemic properties of the hydroethanolic extract of the roots of Vernonia guineensis, which supports its empirical use in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory pathologies.
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18
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Balogun TA, Iqbal MN, Saibu OA, Akintubosun MO, Lateef OM, Nneka UC, Abdullateef OT, Omoboyowa DA. Discovery of potential HER2 inhibitors from Mangifera indica for the treatment of HER2-Positive breast cancer: an integrated computational approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12772-12784. [PMID: 34514973 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1975570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a member of epidermal growth factor receptors with tyrosine kinase functionality. The dimerization of HER2 leads to the autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues within its cytoplasmic domain, resulting in hyperactivation of several downstream signal transduction pathways that play an important role in tumorigenesis, cancer aggressiveness and cell proliferation. Amplification or overexpression of HER2 has been found in approximately 15-30% of breast cancers. Hence, HER2 serve as a therapeutic biomarker in breast cancer. Herein, we applied structural bioinformatics techniques via molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, Molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) calculations and pharmacokinetic models to identify putative HER2 inhibitors. Application of stringent molecular docking results in the identification of bioactive compounds from Mangifera indica as selective, potent inhibitors of HER2. However, only the top three compounds with the highest negative docking score (< -9kcal/mol) was considered in reference to neratinib (-8.601 kcal/mol) for computational analysis. The molecular dynamics simulations and post-simulation analysis of docked HER2-ligand complexes unveil the substantial stability for M. indica ligands over the 100 ns simulation period. Additionally, MM/GBSA binding free energy calculation supports the inhibitory potential for the docked ligands, which exclusively revealed the highest binding energy for selected M. indica ligands than the reference compound (neratinib). The pharmacokinetic model showed that M. indica ligands are promising therapeutic agents. Conclusively, bioactive compounds from M. indica may serve as lead molecules that could be developed into potent and effective HER2 inhibitors for breast cancer treatment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Nasir Iqbal
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, ICT, Pakistan
| | - Oluwatosin Abideen Saibu
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Universitat Duisburg-Essen, NorthRhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | | | | | - Uche Catherine Nneka
- Department of Quality Assurance, Loving Gaze-SHOPS Plus Tuberculosis USAID Project, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Uhelski ML, Johns ME, Horrmann A, Mohamed S, Sohail A, Khasabova IA, Simone DA, Banik RK. Adverse effects of methylene blue in peripheral neurons: An in vitro electrophysiology and cell culture study. Mol Pain 2022; 18:17448069221142523. [PMID: 36408567 PMCID: PMC9730009 DOI: 10.1177/17448069221142523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) is an effective treatment for methemoglobinemia, ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy, cyanide poisoning, and refractory vasoplegia. However, clinical case reports and preclinical studies indicate potentially neurotoxic activity of MB at certain concentrations. The exact mechanisms of MB neurotoxicity are not known, and while the effects of MB on neuronal tissue from different brain regions and myenteric ganglia have been examined, its effects on primary afferent neurons from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) have not been studied. Mouse DRG were exposed to MB (0.3-10 μM) in vitro to assess neurite outgrowth. Increasing concentrations of MB (0.3-10 μM) were associated with neurotoxicity as shown by a substantial loss of cells with neurite formation, particularly at 10 μM. In parallel experiments, cultured rat DRG neurons were treated with MB (100 μM) to examine how MB affects electrical membrane properties of small-diameter sensory neurons. MB decreased peak inward and outward current densities, decreased action potential amplitude, overshoot, afterhyperpolarization, increased action potential rise time, and decreased action potential firing in response to current stimulation. MB induced dose-dependent toxicity in peripheral neurons, in vitro. These findings are consistent with studies in brain and myenteric ganglion neurons showing increased neuronal loss and altered membrane electrical properties after MB application. Further research is needed to parse out the toxicity profile for MB to minimize damage to neuronal structures and reduce side effects in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Uhelski
- Department of Pain Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Malcolm E Johns
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alec Horrmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sadiq Mohamed
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ayesha Sohail
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Iryna A Khasabova
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Donald A Simone
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ratan K Banik
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,Ratan K Banik, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, B515 Mayo Memorial Building, 420 Delaware Street S.E., MMC 294, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Nema S, Verma K, Mani A, Maurya NS, Tiwari A, Bharti PK. Identification of Potential Antimalarial Drug Candidates Targeting Falcipain-2 Protein of Malaria Parasite-A Computational Strategy. BIOTECH (BASEL (SWITZERLAND)) 2022; 11:biotech11040054. [PMID: 36546908 PMCID: PMC9775493 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Falcipain-2 (FP-2) is one of the main haemoglobinase of P. falciparum which is an important molecular target for the treatment of malaria. In this study, we have screened alkaloids to identify potential inhibitors against FP-2 since alkaloids possess great potential as anti-malarial agents. A total of 340 alkaloids were considered for the study using a series of computational pipelines. Initially, pharmacokinetics and toxicity risk assessment parameters were applied to screen compounds. Subsequently, molecular docking algorithms were utilised to understand the binding efficiency of alkaloids against FP-2. Further, oral toxicity prediction was done using the pkCSM tool, and 3D pharmacophore features were analysed using the PharmaGist server. Finally, MD simulation was performed for Artemisinin and the top 3 drug candidates (Noscapine, Reticuline, Aclidinium) based on docking scores to understand the functional impact of the complexes, followed by a binding site interaction residues study. Overall analysis suggests that Noscapine conceded good pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability properties. Also, it showed better binding efficiency with FP-2 when compared to Artemisinin. Interestingly, structure alignment analysis with artemisinin revealed that Noscapine, Reticuline, and Aclidinium might possess similar biological action. Molecular dynamics and free energy calculations revealed that Noscapine could be a potent antimalarial agent targeting FP-2 that can be used for the treatment of malaria and need to be studied experimentally in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant Nema
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur 482 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya (State Technological University of Madhya Pradesh), Bhopal 462 023, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kanika Verma
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur 482 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad 211 004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Shree Maurya
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad 211 004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya (State Technological University of Madhya Pradesh), Bhopal 462 023, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Bharti
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur 482 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Correspondence:
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21
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Synthesis of novel benzothiophene derivatives as protectors against cranial irradiation-induced neuroinflammation. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1527-1539. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Cranial irradiation results in many deleterious effects to normal tissues, including neuroinflammation. There is a need to explore radioprotective agents that could be safely used to ameliorate these effects. Method: Nine novel benzothiophene derivatives bearing pyrimidinone, pyrazolidinone, triazole and other active moieties were synthesized and evaluated as antioxidants in an in vitro screening experiment. The most potent compounds were then tested as protectors against radiation-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in rat brains following cranial irradiation. Results: The most potent antioxidant compounds were compounds 3–5 and 10 . P-fluro,p- bromo and pyrido benzothiophene derivatives offered good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusion: Compounds 3–5 may be introduced as nontoxic candidates for adjuvant therapeutic protocols used in head and neck tumor radiotherapeutic management.
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22
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Chemico-Biological Profiling of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. (Family: Asteraceae) Provides New Insights as a Potential Source of Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Antimicrobial, and Antidiarrheal Agents. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2293415. [PMID: 35990839 PMCID: PMC9391110 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2293415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC., popular for its traditional use in different diseases, was employed in phytochemical and biological investigations. The chemical studies led to the isolation of acyclic diterpene-phytol (1) along with two fatty acids-linolenic acid (2) and oleic acid (3). All the structures were determined by 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis and first time reported from this plant. Different fractions of crude methanol extract were subjected to antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, and antidiarrheal assays. The molecular docking studies have been implemented using PyRx, UCSF Chimera, Discovery Studio, and online tools. In addition, The ADME/T analysis and PASS prediction were implemented by using PASS online tools. In the molecular docking study of antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, and antidiarrheal activity, the compounds showed strong binding affinity ranging from −4.5 to −6.2 kcal/mol. Again, all three isolated compounds met the preconditions of Lipinski's five rules for drug discovery. In DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the pet-ether and chloroform soluble fraction showed noteworthy antioxidant activity sowing promising IC50 values (10.76 μg/ml and 11.77 μg/ml, respectively), compared to the standard (6.05 μg/ml) with a total phenolic content range of 7.33–40.33 mg of GAE/gm. The pet-ether soluble fraction revealed substantial cytotoxicity showing an LC50 value of 1.03 μg/ml, compared to the standard (0.93 μg/ml). Besides, ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed moderate activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while both ethyl acetate and pet-ether soluble fraction showed excellent dose-dependent antidiarrheal activity.
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23
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Molecular Mechanisms of Acute Organophosphate Nephrotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168855. [PMID: 36012118 PMCID: PMC9407954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphates (OPs) are toxic chemicals produced by an esterification process and some other routes. They are the main components of herbicides, pesticides, and insecticides and are also widely used in the production of plastics and solvents. Acute or chronic exposure to OPs can manifest in various levels of toxicity to humans, animals, plants, and insects. OPs containing insecticides were widely used in many countries during the 20th century, and some of them continue to be used today. In particular, 36 OPs have been registered in the USA, and all of them have the potential to cause acute and sub-acute toxicity. Renal damage and impairment of kidney function after exposure to OPs, accompanied by the development of clinical manifestations of poisoning back in the early 1990s of the last century, was considered a rare manifestation of their toxicity. However, since the beginning of the 21st century, nephrotoxicity of OPs as a manifestation of delayed toxicity is the subject of greater attention of researchers. In this article, we present a modern view on the molecular pathophysiological mechanisms of acute nephrotoxicity of organophosphate compounds.
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Sudmoon R, Kaewdaungdee S, Ameamsri U, Tanee T, Siripiyasing P, Wonok W, Chaveerach A. Investigation of Morinda citrifolia Activities through Pinoresinol and α-EG Related Gene Expression. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1985. [PMID: 35956463 PMCID: PMC9370766 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
α-EG is a unique substance that was first found in the leaves and fruits of Morinda citrifolia (Mc) growing in Thailand using GC-MS at 52.33% and 54.12%. It was then concentrated and its abundance quantified, along with that of pinoresinol, via GC, compared to the standards in leaves, ufp, rfp, rawfs, and seeds. α-EG and pinoresinol, which have collagen stimulating, skin whitening, and an inhibitory effect on wrinkle formation, were found in different concentrations and amounts. Three different concentrations of the five Mc part extracts were tested on NHDF for gene expression related to the aforementioned activities, COL1A1, COL1A2, and COL3A1, FGF1 and FGF7 by qRT-PCR. The results showed various expression levels, both stimulatory and inhibitory, with different concentrations of plant parts and genes. Similar results were revealed when the experiments were performed with Morus alba (Ma), which was found to contain 20.48 g protein p/100 g leaves at concentrations of 3.11 mg/mL. The studied Mc parts seem to have advantages based on the stated objectives, gene type and level of activity of each plant part. Rawfs and leaves supplemented with Ma samples were selected for toxicity tests with PBMCs. The lack of both cell and DNA toxicity from the rawfs indicated that they can be used safely.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanit Kaewdaungdee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.K.); (U.A.); (W.W.)
| | - Unchaleeporn Ameamsri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.K.); (U.A.); (W.W.)
| | - Tawatchai Tanee
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand;
| | - Pornnarong Siripiyasing
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabhat Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand;
| | - Warin Wonok
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.K.); (U.A.); (W.W.)
| | - Arunrat Chaveerach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.K.); (U.A.); (W.W.)
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Paracetamol-Induced Hypothermia in Rodents: A Review on Pharmacodynamics. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10040687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol can induce hypothermia in humans and rodents. The study’s aim is to review the mechanisms of paracetamol-induced hypothermia in rodents or the results issued from in vitro studies on the same species’ tissues (in doses that do not produce hepatic impairment) using the latest developments published in scientific journals over the last 15 years. Available human studies are also analysed. An extensive search in PubMed databases exploring the hypothermic response to paracetamol was conducted. 4669 articles about paracetamol’s effects on body temperature in mice or rats were found. After applying additional filters, 20 articles were selected for review, with 9 of them presented in tabular forms. The analysis of these articles found that the hypothermic effect of paracetamol is due to the inhibition of a cyclooxygenase-1 variant, is potentiated by endothelin receptor antagonists, and can be mediated through GABAA receptors and possibly through transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 via N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine in the central nervous system. Human studies confirm the in vivo and in vitro experiments in rodents regarding the presence of a hypothermic effect after high, non-toxic doses of paracetamol. Further research is required to understand the mechanisms behind paracetamol’s hypothermic effect in humans.
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Chavan PA, Jadhav SB. Synthesis, Characterization and Screening of Some Novel 2-Methyl-N'-
[(Z)-Substituted-Phenyl ethylidene] Imidazo [1, 2-a] Pyridine-3-Carbohy
drazide Derivatives as DPP-IV Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180818666210901125958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
One of the leading global metabolic diseases marked by insulin resistance and
chronic hyperglycemia is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Since the last decade, DPP-4 enzyme inhibition
has proven to be a successful, safe, and well-established therapy for the treatment of T2DM.
Objective:
The present work reports the synthesis, characterization, and screening of some novel 2-
methyl-N'-[(Z)-substituted-phenyl ethylidene] imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridine-3-carbohydrazide derivatives as
DPP-IV inhibitors for the treatment of T2DM.
Methods:
The molecular docking was performed to study these derivatives' binding mode in the enzyme's
allosteric site. All the synthesized compounds were subjected for DPP-IV enzyme assay and in vivo antihyperglycemic
activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Results:
The synthesized derivatives exhibited potent antidiabetic activity as compared to the standard
drug Sitagliptin. Out of sixteen compounds, A1, A4, B4, C2, C3, and D4 have shown promising antidiabetic
activity against the DPP-IV enzyme. The most promising compound, C2, showed a percentage inhibition
of 72.02±0.27 at 50 μM concentration. On the 21st-day, compound C2 showed a significant reduction
in serum blood glucose level, i.e., 156.16±4.87 mg/dL, then diabetic control, which was
280.00±13.29 mg/dL whereas, standard Sitagliptin showed 133.50±11.80 mg/dL. In the in vivo antihyperglycemic
activity, the compounds have exhibited good hypoglycemic potential in fasting blood glucose
in the T2DM animal model. All the docked molecules have exhibited perfect binding affinity towards
the active pocket of the enzyme. The synthesized derivatives were screened through Lipinski's rule
of five for better optimization, and fortunately, none of them violated the rule.
Conclusion:
The above results indicate that compound C2 is a relatively active and selective hit molecule
that can be structurally modified to enhance the DPP-IV inhibitor's potency and overall pharmacological
profile. From the present work, it has been concluded that substituted pyridine-3-carbohydrazide derivatives
possess excellent DPP-IV inhibitory potential and can be better optimized further by generating
more in vivo, in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerana A. Chavan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PES\'s Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune, Maharashtra 411044,
India
| | - Shailaja B. Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PES\'s Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune, Maharashtra 411044,
India
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Cardio-protective effect of Cocculus hirsutus in experimental hypertension in rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100652. [PMID: 36403501 PMCID: PMC9678779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ayurdvedic derived medicines are most promising and effective in the treatment of several cardiovascular diseases. Cocculus hirsutus (CH) has been reported for broad spectrum of activities like anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, cardiotonic and hypotensive etc. OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to find the cardio-protective effect of CH in experimental hypertension in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS For acute renal hypertension, CH animals were pre-treated with CH-1 (250 mg/kg) and CH-2 (500 mg/kg) p. o. for 14 days. On the 15th day, hypertension was induced by renal occlusion and the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was recorded. For CAL pretreatment of CH-1 and CH-2 was given for 7 days on the 8th day animals were operated on for ligation. The MABP and the time of onset of ventricular tachycardia (VT), premature ventricular systole (PVS) were recorded. For induction of hypercholesterolemia, animals were fed with a high cholesterol diet (CD) with CH-1 and CH-2 for 21 days. The antioxidant potential of CH was done using the assay of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). RESULTS CH treatment significantly decreases the MABP, the onset of VT and PVS. The histology show intact cardiac muscle with minimum necrosis and inflammation. CH treatment shows significant decrease in cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose while HDL levels are significantly increased. The aortic section of CH-treated animals shows the intact layers of the artery, normal thickness and restoration of antioxidant enzymatic activity. CONCLUSION The study shows significant cardio protective effect of CH in experimental animals.
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Guo H, Feng C, Hu L, Zhao X, Tang X, Huang Y, Luo J, Xu M, Xie W. Exploration of a ternary deep eutectic solvent for the efficient extraction of plantamajoside, acteoside, quercetin and kaempferol from Plantago asiatica L. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:94-104. [PMID: 34137102 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the present study, ternary deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasound-assisted extraction was developed for the efficient extraction of plantamajoside, acteoside, quercetin and kaempferol from Plantago asiatica L. METHODOLOGY Six kinds of choline chloride-based ternary deep eutectic solvents (TDESs) were prepared as potential extraction solutions. In order to obtain optimal extraction efficiency, a series of extraction conditions were investigated by single-factor test and orthogonal test. RESULTS The extraction efficiency of choline chloride/lactic acid/ethylene glycol (ChCl-LA-EG) was much higher than that of other TDESs. ChCl-LA-EG-11 synthesised with choline chloride, lactic acid and ethylene glycol (1:4:2) was considered to have a higher extraction efficiency. The optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were as follows: water content in ChCl-LA-EG-11, 50%; extraction temperature, 70°C; ratio of solid/liquid, 20 mg/mL; ultrasonic power, 60 W; extraction time, 35 min; pH of the solution, 8. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the extraction efficiencies of plantamajoside, acteoside, quercetin and kaempferol were 3.83 ± 0.41, 4.23 ± 0.45, 0.56 ± 0.15 and 0.19 ± 0.08 mg/g, respectively. The extraction efficiency of the total target components was 9.21 ± 0.63 mg/g, which was much higher than that of conventional solvents (water, methanol, ethanol, 50% methanol, 50% ethanol). The target components were isolated efficiently from the TDES solution by an AB-8 macroporous resin column with a recovery rate of 95.6%. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that TDESs possessed excellent physical and chemical properties and had enormous potential for active component extraction of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chuanhua Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Lvjiang Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Tang
- Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330002, P.R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330002, P.R. China
| | - Jiangnan Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Mengtian Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P.R. China
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Antifungal Activity and Major Bioactive Compounds of Water Extract of Pangium edule Seed against Aspergillus flavus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2021; 2021:3028067. [PMID: 34646881 PMCID: PMC8505094 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3028067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pangium edule seeds are widely used as spices in Southeast Asia in a fresh and fermented form and are reported to have active compounds for food preservation. However, scientific data on the active compounds of P. edule seed that can prevent the growth of toxigenic Aspergillus flavus have not been widely reported. This research subjected to determine the antifungal activity and identify the active compounds of water extract of old and fermented seed of P. edule against A. flavus. The water extract was compared to the extracts obtained by multilevel maceration using 50% ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane as solvents. Alkaloid, saponin, phenolic compound, flavonoid, triterpenoid, and glycoside were detected qualitatively in the crude extracts. The water extract showed the best activity to suppress the growth of A. flavus, determined by the agar dilution method, with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 and 25 mg/mL for old and fermented seed, respectively. The water extracts showed a moderate toxicity with LC50 of 100-500 μg/mL, determined by the brine-shrimp toxicity test. After fractionation using 3 kDa molecular-weight (MW) cut-off ultrafiltration membrane, two fractions, i.e., fraction with MW < 3 kDa and >3 kDa, were obtained. The fraction with MW < 3 kDa showed the best antifungal activity with the MIC of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/mL for old and fermented seed, respectively. LC-MS/MS profile showed that different compounds belong to fatty acid, amino acid, glycoside, and peptide were found as major active compounds in the fractionated water extract. The principal compounds and partial least-square analysis, however, suggested that fatty acid and glycoside are responsible for the antifungal activity. Hence, this study concluded that the water extract of P. edule seed had promising antifungal activity against A. flavus which was due to presence of particular compounds belong to fatty acid and glycoside.
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Biological Evaluation of a New Sodium-Potassium Silico-Phosphate Glass for Bone Regeneration: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164546. [PMID: 34443069 PMCID: PMC8400910 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo studies are fundamental steps in the characterization of new implantable materials to preliminarily assess their biological response. The present study reports the in vitro and in vivo characterizations of a novel experimental silicate bioactive glass (BG) (47.5B, 47.5SiO2-10Na2O-10K2O-10MgO-20CaO-2.5P2O5 mol.%). Cytocompatibility tests were performed using human mature osteoblasts (U2OS), human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human endothelial cells (EA.hy926). The release of the early osteogenic alkaline phosphatase (ALP) marker suggested strong pro-osteogenic properties, as the amount was comparable between hMSCs cultivated onto BG surface and cells cultivated onto polystyrene control. Similarly, real-time PCR revealed that the osteogenic collagen I gene was overexpressed in cells cultivated onto BG surface without biochemical induction. Acute toxicity tests for the determination of the median lethal dose (LD50) allowed classifying the analyzed material as a slightly toxic substance with LD50 = 4522 ± 248 mg/kg. A statistically significant difference in bone formation was observed in vivo through comparing the control (untreated) group and the experimental one, proving a clear osteogenic effect induced by the implantation at the defect site. Complete resorption of 47.5B powder was observed after only 3 months in favor of newly formed tissue, thus confirming the high osteostimulatory potential of 47.5B glass.
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Wonok W, Chaveerach A, Siripiyasing P, Sudmoon R, Tanee T. The Unique Substance, Lidocaine and Biological Activity of the Dioscorea Species for Potential Application as a Cancer Treatment, Natural Pesticide and Product. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081551. [PMID: 34451596 PMCID: PMC8399169 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The six Dioscorea species, D. brevipetiolata, D. bulbifera, D. depauperata (Dd), D. glabra (Dg), D. pyrifolia and D. hamiltonii were analyzed for phytochemicals, toxicity in PBMCs, and biological activity in two cancer cell lines by MTT and comet assays, and pesticide efficiency. Via GC-MS, lidocaine was found to be the predominant compound in two of the studied species. To confirm the systematics, lidocaine was also found in lower amounts in 11 species. The MTT assay showed no toxicity in all six of the studied species. The comet assay showed the key result that the ethanol extracts of Dd and Dg violently broke DNA into pieces. Biological activity of these two species’ extracts showed toxicity on HepG2 and no effects on HCT-116. The water extracts of Dd and Dg, applied to Brassica chinensis showed high efficiency as a bioprotectant. In summary, lidocaine seems to be the predominant identifying compound of the genus Dioscorea in Thailand, which is useful in systematics. At least the two species, Dd and Dg, may be used for human hepatocyte cancer treatment and as an alternative pesticide for economically important vegetables. Dioscorea species containing lidocaine or extracted lidocaine have promise for natural product creation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warin Wonok
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.W.); (A.C.)
| | - Arunrat Chaveerach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.W.); (A.C.)
| | - Pornnarong Siripiyasing
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabhat Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand;
| | | | - Tawatchai Tanee
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Evaluation of the Hypoglycemic Potential of Leaves Extract of Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz. from Nepal. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:3230351. [PMID: 34257624 PMCID: PMC8257393 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3230351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz. (family: Anacardiaceae) is a wild deciduous tree indigenous to southeast Asian countries. Different parts of this plant are used traditionally for the treatment and cure of various disorders and illnesses. S. pinnata leaves are used to prevent and treat diabetes in traditional Balinese medicine. However, scientific study on the antihyperglycemic effect of its leaves has not been reported yet. Therefore, this study aims to perform phytochemical screening and investigate the hypoglycemic potential of S. pinnata leaves extract. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the hydroethanolic extract was performed following the standard tests. In vivo hypoglycemic activity of the leaves extract was evaluated using normal and glucose-loaded rats. The results displayed the presence of phytochemical constituents such as saponins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and terpenoids. S. pinnata (500 mg/kg) and metformin (100 mg/kg) exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in blood glucose level at 1, 2, and 3 h in normal rats when compared to the control group. Metformin- (100 mg/kg)- and S. pinnata- (500 mg/kg)- treated groups showed a maximum decrease in the blood glucose level at 3 h after single-dose administration in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In conclusion, S. pinnata leaves possess a significant hypoglycemic activity in the animal model and thus support its traditional use to treat diabetes. Therefore, a detailed mechanism-based study and isolation of bioactive compounds from S. pinnata leaves would be beneficial in the future for the search of new hypoglycemic agents.
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Bhat V, Chatterjee J. The Use of In Silico Tools for the Toxicity Prediction of Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2. Altern Lab Anim 2021; 49:22-32. [PMID: 33845649 PMCID: PMC8047515 DOI: 10.1177/02611929211008196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The current strategy for treating the Covid-19 coronavirus disease involves the repurposing of existing drugs or the use of convalescent plasma therapy, as no specific therapeutic intervention has yet received regulatory approval. However, severe adverse effects have been reported for some of these repurposed drugs. Recently, several in silico studies have identified compounds that are potential inhibitors of the main protease (3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease) and the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2. An essential step of drug development is the careful evaluation of toxicity, which has a range of associated financial, temporal and ethical limitations. In this study, a number of in silico tools were used to predict the toxicity of 19 experimental compounds. A range of web-based servers and applications were used to predict hepatotoxicity, mutagenicity, acute oral toxicity, carcinogenicity, cardiotoxicity, and other potential adverse effects. The compounds were assessed based on the consensus of results, and were labelled as positive or negative for a particular toxicity endpoint. The compounds were then categorised into three classes, according to their predicted toxicity. Ten compounds (52.6%) were predicted to be non-mutagenic and non-hERG inhibitors, and exhibited zero or low level hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Furthermore, from the consensus of results, all 19 compounds were predicted to be non-mutagenic and negative for acute oral toxicity. Overall, most of the compounds displayed encouraging toxicity profiles. These results can assist further lead optimisation studies and drug development efforts to combat Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, 209468PES University, Bangalore, India
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Sarfraz M, Rauf A, Keller P, Qureshi AM. N, N′-dialkyl-2-thiobarbituric acid based sulfonamides as potential SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An efficient methodology was developed to generate novel N,N′-dialkyl-2-thiobarbituric acid based sulfonamides S1–S4 in good to excellent yields (84%–95%). The synthesized compounds S1–S4 were docked to screen their in silico activities against two enzymes i.e., SARS-CoV-2 main protease enzyme with unliganded active site (2019-nCoV, coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) PDB ID: 6Y84 and SARS-CoV-2 Mpro PDB ID: 6LU7. Furthermore, some in silico physicochemical and physicokinetic properties were evaluated using the OSIRIS Property Explorer, Molinspiration property calculator, ADMET property calculator, and GUSAR to assess these compounds as potential candidates as lead compounds for the quest of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors. Molecular docking analyses of the synthesized compounds predicted that compound S3 is more potent as SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor with binding energy –11.65 kcal/mol in comparison with reference inhibitor N3 (–10.95 kcal/mol), whereas compounds S1, S2, and S4 recorded comparable binding energies –9.89, –10.84, and –10.94 kcal/mol with reference inhibitor N3, which were much better than remdesivir (–9.85 kcal/mol). In case of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, all compounds S1–S4 with docking energy values of –7.28, –8.38, –8.31, and –7.34 kcal/mol, respectively, were found to be potent in comparison with reference inhibitor N3 (–6.31 kcal/mol) and remdesivir (–6.33 kcal/mol). Ligand efficiency values against the target SARS-CoV-2 proteins, as well as α-glucosidase and DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase inhibition results of these newly synthesized compounds, were also found to be promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sarfraz
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Paul Keller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, Illawarra health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, 2522, Australia
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Diesinger T, Lautwein A, Buko V, Belonovskaya E, Lukivskaya O, Naruta E, Kirko S, Andreev V, Dvorsky R, Buckert D, Bergler S, Renz C, Müller‐Enoch D, Wirth T, Haehner T. ω-Imidazolyl-alkyl derivatives as new preclinical drug candidates for treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14795. [PMID: 33769703 PMCID: PMC7995547 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-associated reactive oxygen species production plays an important role in the development and progression of inflammatory liver diseases such as alcoholic steatohepatitis. We developed two new inhibitors for this isoenzyme, namely 12-imidazolyl-1-dodecanol (I-ol) and 1-imidazolyldodecane (I-an), and aimed to test their effects on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The fat-rich and CYP2E1 inducing Lieber-DeCarli diet was administered over 16 weeks of the experimental period to induce the disease in a rat model, and the experimental substances were administered simultaneously over the last four weeks. The high-fat diet (HFD) pathologically altered the balance of reactive oxygen species and raised the activities of the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and γ-glutamyl-transferase (γ-GT); lowered the level of adiponectine and raised the one of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; increased the hepatic triglyceride and phospholipid content and diminished the serum HDL cholesterol concentration. Together with the histological findings, we concluded that the diet led to the development of NASH. I-ol and, to a lesser extent, I-an shifted the pathological values toward the normal range, despite the continued administration of the noxious agent (HFD). The hepatoprotective drug ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), which is used off-label in clinical practice, showed a lower effectiveness overall. I-ol, in particular, showed extremely good tolerability during the acute toxicity study in rats. Therefore, cytochrome P450 2E1 may be considered a suitable drug target, with I-ol and I-an being promising drug candidates for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Diesinger
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineFaculty of Health/School of MedicineWitten/Herdecke UniversityWittenGermany
- Department of Internal MedicineNeu‐Ulm HospitalNeu‐UlmGermany
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Alfred Lautwein
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Vyacheslav Buko
- Division of Biochemical PharmacologyInstitute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active CompoundsNational Academy of SciencesBulvar Leninskogo KomsomolaGrodnoBelarus
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Medical SciencesBiałystokPoland
| | - Elena Belonovskaya
- Division of Biochemical PharmacologyInstitute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active CompoundsNational Academy of SciencesBulvar Leninskogo KomsomolaGrodnoBelarus
| | - Oksana Lukivskaya
- Division of Biochemical PharmacologyInstitute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active CompoundsNational Academy of SciencesBulvar Leninskogo KomsomolaGrodnoBelarus
| | - Elena Naruta
- Division of Biochemical PharmacologyInstitute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active CompoundsNational Academy of SciencesBulvar Leninskogo KomsomolaGrodnoBelarus
| | - Siarhei Kirko
- Division of Biochemical PharmacologyInstitute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active CompoundsNational Academy of SciencesBulvar Leninskogo KomsomolaGrodnoBelarus
| | - Viktor Andreev
- Department of Medical Biology and GeneticsGrodno State Medical UniversityGrodnoBelarus
| | - Radovan Dvorsky
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IIMedical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Dominik Buckert
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Hospital UlmUlmGermany
| | | | - Christian Renz
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
| | | | - Thomas Wirth
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Thomas Haehner
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
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Dearden JC, Hewitt M. Prediction of Human Lethal Doses and Concentrations of MEIC Chemicals from Rodent LD 50 Values: An Attempt to Make Some Reparation. Altern Lab Anim 2021; 49:10-21. [PMID: 33626883 DOI: 10.1177/0261192921994754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prediction of human toxicities from animal toxicity tests is often poor, and is now discouraged and in some cases banned, especially those involving the LD50 test. However, there is a vast number of historical LD50 data in both public and in-house repositories that are being put to little use. This study examined the correlations between human lethality (doses and concentrations) of 36 MEIC chemicals and the median values of a large number of mouse and rat LD50 values obtained for four different routes of administration. The best correlations were found with mouse and rat intraperitoneal LD50 values (r2 = 0.838 and 0.810 for human lethal dose, and r2 = 0.753 and 0.785 for human lethal concentration). The results show that excellent prediction of human lethal dose and concentration can be made, for this series of chemicals at least, by using uncurated rodent LD50 values, thus offering some reparation for the millions of rodent lives sacrificed in LD50 testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Dearden
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mark Hewitt
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
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Raish M, Shahid M, Bin Jardan YA, Ansari MA, Alkharfy KM, Ahad A, Abdelrahman IA, Ahmad A, Al-Jenoobi FI. Gastroprotective Effect of Sinapic Acid on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB Signaling and Antiapoptotic Role. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:622815. [PMID: 33716749 PMCID: PMC7946842 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.622815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the current study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of sinapic acid (SA) in terms of the mechanism underlying its gastroprotective action against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Methods: These effects were examined through gross macroscopic evaluation of the stomach cavity [gastric ulcer index (GUI)], alteration in pH, gastric juice volume, free acidity, total acidity, total gastric wall mucus, and changes in PGE2. In addition, we evaluated lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), antioxidant systems (catalase and glutathione), inflammatory markers [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and myeloperoxidase (MPO)], apoptotic markers (caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2), nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB (p65)], NO levels, and histopathological staining (H and E and PAS). Results: In rats with ethanol-induced ulcers, pre-treatment with SA (40 mg/kg p. o.) decreased the sternness of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injuries by decreasing the GUI, gastric juice volume, free acidity, and total acidity. In addition, the pH and total gastric mucosa were increased, together with histopathological alteration, neutrophil incursion, and increases in PGE2 and NO2. These effects were similar to those observed for omeprazole, a standard anti-ulcer drug. SA was shown to suppress gastric inflammation through decreasing TNF-α, IL-6, and MPO, as well as curbing gastric oxidative stress through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and restoration of depleted glutathione and catalase activity. SA inhibited Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and caspase-3 activity, and restored the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2; these findings indicate the antiapoptotic potential of SA, leading to enhanced cell survival. SA also repressed NF-κB signaling and increased IκBα. Moreover, SA upregulated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), thereby restoring depleted antioxidant defense enzymes and implicating the NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathways. Conclusion: These results suggest that the prophylactic administration of SA (40 mg/kg) can ameliorate ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats primarily via the modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling and subsequent enhancement of cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassar Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Akanda MKM, Hasan AHMN. Characterization of pharmacological properties of methanolic seed and stem bark extracts of Ziziphus mauritiana (BAU Kul) using in-vitro and in-vivo animal (Swiss albino male mice) model. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-020-00246-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Ziziphus mauritiana belongs to family of Rhamnaceae, is an improved fast-growing variety of plum and seasonal fruit which is very popular and commonly known as “BAU Kul” in Bangladesh. This study was designed to evaluate the medicinal values of seed and stem bark extracts of Ziziphus mauritiana.
Methods
Antioxidant, thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities were characterized using in-vitro methods and anti-diarrheal, analgesic and hypoglycemic activities were evaluated in Swiss albino male mice. The coarse powder of the plant parts were extracted with methanol and methanol portion of the extract was evaporated naturally under room temperature. Then the dried plant extracts were undergone for subsequent investigation.
Results
Total phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity of stem bark extract were higher than seed extract. Both extracts had similar DPPH (IC50 of seed 4.53 μg/ml and stem bark 4.13 μg/ml) and NO (IC50 of seed 5.92 μg/ml and stem bark 5.47 μg/ml) free radicals scavenging potential and seed extract was most cytotoxic (LC50 = 1.467 μg/ml). Stem bark extract showed higher thrombolytic and anti-inflammatory potential, and also exhibited 14 mm zone of inhibition against S. aureus. Stem bark extract showed highest anti-diarrheal (75.68% defecation inhibition, p˂ 0.001), analgesic (68.63%writhing inhibition, p˂0.001) and hypoglycemic activity (44.27% blood glucose reduction after 3 h, p˂0.001) at 400 mg/kg body weight dose.
Conclusion
This study confirms good medicinal properties of selected plant parts. Further studies on isolation and characterization of its bioactive compounds are highly required.
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Oraebosi MI, Abalubu WT. Concurrent Short Term Administration of Artesunate and Methanol Extract of Ficus Platyphylla Has No HepatoRenal Consequences in Rats. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.32527/2020/101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ikechukwu Oraebosi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Nile University of Nigeria Abuja
- Department of pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria
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Rajeshwari K, Anantha Lakshmi P, Archana J, Sumakanth M. Ternary Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), and Copper(II) complexes containing metformin and ethylenediamine: Synthesis, characterization, thermal, in vitro DNA binding, in silico molecular docking, and in vivo antihyperglycemic studies. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Rajeshwari
- Department of Chemistry Osmania University Hyderabad India
- Department of Chemistry University College for Women, Osmania University Hyderabad India
| | | | - J. Archana
- Department of Pharmacy RBVRR Women's College of Pharmacy Hyderabad India
| | - M. Sumakanth
- Department of Pharmacy RBVRR Women's College of Pharmacy Hyderabad India
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Alam S, Emon NU, Shahriar S, Richi FT, Haque MR, Islam MN, Sakib SA, Ganguly A. Pharmacological and computer-aided studies provide new insights into Millettia peguensis Ali (Fabaceae). Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1777-1790. [PMID: 33424267 PMCID: PMC7783235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Millettia peguensis, popular for its ethnopharmacological uses, was employed to evaluate its different pharmacological properties in this study. The analgesic studies of the plant have been performed by acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced licking tests respectively, whereas the antidiarrheal experiment was done by castor oil-induced diarrheal test. Besides, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, thrombolytic evaluations were performed by DPPH scavenging with phenol content determination, brine shrimp lethality, disc diffusion and clot lysis methods respectively. Moreover, in silico study of the phytoconstituents was carried out by molecular docking and ADME/T analysis. The methanol extract of Millettia peguensis (MEMP) revealed significant biological activity in the analgesic and antidiarrheal test (p < 0.001) compared to the standards. Antioxidant assay displayed promising IC50 values (15.96 μg/mL) with the total phenol content (65.27 ± 1.24 mg GAE/g). In the cytotoxicity study, the LC50 value was found to be 1.094 μg/mL. Besides, MEMP was highly sensitive to the bacteria but less liable to clot lysis. Furthermore, phytoconstituents exposed potential binding affinity towards the selected receptors, whereas the ADME/T properties indicated the drug likeliness of the plant. The outcomes of these findings suggest the therapeutic potential of this plant against pain, diarrhea, inflammation, and tissue toxicity.
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Key Words
- 5-HT3, 5-hydroxytryptamine 3
- ASA, acetyl salicylic acid
- Analgesic
- Antidiarrheal
- Antioxidant
- Antitumor
- BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene
- CADD, computer-aided drug discovery
- COX 1, cyclooxygenase-1
- COX 2, cyclooxygenase-2
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate
- GABA, gamma-Aminobutyric acid
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- IL-1, interleukin-1
- LC50, Lethal Concentration 50
- MEMP, methanol extract of Millettia peguensis
- MMP 9, matrix metalloproteinase 9
- Millettia peguensis
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- RONS, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TNF-alpha, tumour necrosis factor alpha
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaet Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nazim Uddin Emon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Saimon Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Tasnim Richi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rashedul Haque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nazmul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Shahenur Alam Sakib
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Amlan Ganguly
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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Nelms MD, Karmaus AL, Patlewicz G. An evaluation of the performance of selected (Q)SARs/expert systems for predicting acute oral toxicity. COMPUTATIONAL TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 16:100135. [PMID: 33163737 PMCID: PMC7641510 DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2020.100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple US agencies use acute oral toxicity data in a variety of regulatory contexts. One of the ad-hoc groups that the US Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) established to implement the ICCVAM Strategic Roadmap was the Acute Toxicity Workgroup (ATWG) to support the development, acceptance, and actualisation of new approach methodologies (NAMs). One of the ATWG charges was to evaluate in vitro and in silico methods for predicting rat acute systemic toxicity. Collaboratively, the NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) collected a large body of rat oral acute toxicity data (~16,713 studies for 11,992 substances) to serve as a reference set to evaluate the performance and coverage of new and existing models as well as build understanding of the inherent variability of the animal data. Here, we focus on evaluating in silico models for predicting the Lethal Dose (LD50) as implemented within two expert systems, TIMES and TEST. The performance and coverage were evaluated against the reference dataset. The performance of both models were similar, but TEST was able to make predictions for more chemicals than TIMES. The subset of the data with multiple (>3) LD50 values was used to evaluate the variability in data and served as a benchmark to compare model performance. Enrichment analysis was conducted using ToxPrint chemical fingerprints to identify the types of chemicals where predictions lay outside the upper 95% confidence interval. Overall, TEST and TIMES models performed similarly but had different chemical features associated with low accuracy predictions, reaffirming that these models are complementary and both worth evaluation when seeking to predict rat LD50 values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Nelms
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure (CCTE), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | | | - Grace Patlewicz
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure (CCTE), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
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Acute, Subacute, and Genotoxicity Assessments of a Proprietary Blend of Garcinia mangostana Fruit Rind and Cinnamomum tamala Leaf Extracts (CinDura®). J Toxicol 2020; 2020:1435891. [PMID: 32802054 PMCID: PMC7414347 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1435891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present communication describes a battery of toxicity studies that include an acute oral toxicity, a subacute twenty-eight-day repeated oral dose toxicity, and genotoxicity studies on a herbal formulation CinDura® (GMCT). This proprietary herbal composition contains the extracts of the Garcinia mangostana fruit rind (GM) and the Cinnamomum tamala leaf (CT). The toxicological evaluations were performed following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The acute oral toxicity study in Wistar rats suggests that the median lethal dose of CinDura® is at least 2000 mg/kg body weight. Acute dermal and eye irritation tests in New Zealand white rabbits indicate that the test item is nonirritant to the skin and eyes. A twenty-eight-day repeated dose oral toxicity study was conducted in male and female Wistar rats using daily doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight, followed by a fourteen-day reversal period for two satellite groups. The CinDura®-supplemented animals did not show any sign of toxicity on their body weights, organ weights, and on the hematobiochemical parameters. The gross pathology and histopathological examinations indicated no treatment-related changes in the experimental animals. Overall, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the herbal blend is 1000 mg/kg body weight, the highest tested dose. Also, the results of the bacterial reverse mutation test and the erythrocyte micronucleus assay in mouse bone marrow suggest that CinDura® (GMCT) is neither mutagenic nor clastogenic.
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Modulation of inflammatory pathways, medicinal uses and toxicities of Uvaria species: potential role in the prevention and treatment of inflammation. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1195-1218. [PMID: 32617790 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of the contemporary anti-inflammatory drugs are well established; however, prolonged use of such can often lead to serious and life-threatening side effects. Natural product-based anti-inflammatory compounds with superior efficacy and minimum toxicity can serve as possible therapeutic alternatives in this scenario. Genus Uvaria is a part of Annonaceae family, while the majority of its species are widely distributed in tropical rain forest regions of South East Asia. Uvaria species have been used extensively used as traditional medicine for treating all sorts of inflammatory diseases including catarrhal inflammation, rheumatism, acute allergic reactions, hemorrhoids, inflammatory liver disease and inflamed joints. Phytochemical analysis of Uvaria species has revealed flavones, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, polyoxygenated cyclohexene and phenolic compounds as major phyto-constituents. This review is an attempt to highlight the anti-inflammatory activity of Uvaria species by conducting a critical appraisal of the published literature. The ethnopharmacological relevance of Uvaria species in the light of toxicological studies is also discussed herein. An extensive and relevant literature on anti-inflammatory activity of Uvaria species was collected from available books, journals and electronic databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Proquest and Ovid. Extracts and isolates of Uvaria species exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity through various mechanisms of action. 6,7-di-O-Methyl-baicalein, flexuvarol B, chrysin, (-)-zeylenol, 6-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-flavone, and pinocembrin were the most potent anti-inflammatory compounds with comparable IC50 with positive controls. Therefore, it is suggested that further research should be carried out to determine the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicity of these therapeutically significant compounds, to convert the pre-clinical results into clinical data for drug development and design.
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Kedzierski M, Lechat B, Sire O, Le Maguer G, Le Tilly V, Bruzaud S. Microplastic contamination of packaged meat: Occurrence and associated risks. Food Packag Shelf Life 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2020.100489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Structural modification of aspirin to design a new potential cyclooxygenase (COX-2) inhibitors. In Silico Pharmacol 2020; 8:1. [PMID: 32181121 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-020-0053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin (Asp) is one of the most important and ancient member of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), commonly used in medication of fever, pain and inflammation. It can inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandin by blocking the cyclooxygenase (COX). Attempts have been taken to analyze aspirin together with some of its modified derivatives applying quantum mechanical calculations in order to compare their physicochemical and biochemical properties. Density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) basis set has been employed to elucidate their thermal, molecular orbital, equilibrium geometrical properties in gas phase. Molecular docking and nonbonding interactions have been performed against human cyclooxygenase-2 protein 5F1A to investigate the binding affinity and mode(s) of newly designed aspirin derivatives. ADMET prediction has been utilized to compare the absorption, metabolism, and carcinogenic properties of new derivatives with parent drug (Asp). Thermal and geometrical results support the thermochemical stability and equilibrium geometry of all the structures. From the molecular docking simulation, most of the derivatives exhibited better binding affinity than parent drug (Asp) with the receptor protein (5F1A). ADMET prediction disclosed the improved pharmacokinetic properties with lower acute oral toxicity of some derivatives. Based on quantum chemical, molecular docking and ADMET analysis, this investigation can be useful to understand the physicochemical and biochemical/biological activities of Asp and its modified derivatives to search a new antipyretic analgesic drug.
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Akbari F, Azadbakht M, Dashti A, Vahedi L, Davoodi A. Effect of Prunus Mahaleb L. Seed Extract on Ethylene glycol- and Ammonium Chloride-Induced Urolithiasis in BALB/c Mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 45:134-139. [PMID: 32210490 PMCID: PMC7071555 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2019.45774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney stone disease can be quite painful, recurrent, and affects many people. Despite advances in drug therapy, there is still a need to find effective drugs with fewer complications for long-term treatment of kidney stones and to prevent its recurrence. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Prunus Mahaleb L. seed extract on ethylene glycol- and ammonium chloride-induced urolithiasis in BALB/c mice. METHODS The Prunus Mahaleb L. seeds were collected in Mashhad (Iran) in June 2017. Urolithiasis was induced in male BALB/c mice by adding ethylene glycol (EG) 0.75% (v/v) and ammonium chloride (AC) 2% (w/v) to their drinking water for 21 consecutive days. A total of 72 animals were randomly divided into six groups of twelve animals each. Group 1 received purified water as control; group 2 received EG+AC in drinking water; groups 3-5 received the extracts by gavage in dosages of 100, 300, 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively; and group 6 received 888 mg/kg Sankol by gavage. Note that urolithiasis was induced in groups 3-6 in the same manner as in group 2. The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism Software (version 5.01). RESULTS The group receiving Prunus Mahaleb L. extract in a 500 mg/kg dose responded better to the treatment and less damage to the kidney tissue was observed. The serum parameters remarkably decreased in the calculi-induced animals. Besides, the acute toxicity test showed that the use of the extract was safe in animals. CONCLUSION The results showed that the use of Prunus Mahaleb L. extract effectively prevented the formation of kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Akbari
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Azadbakht
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ayat Dashti
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Lale Vahedi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Davoodi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Synthesis, Structure, and Anticancer Activity of Symmetrical and Non-symmetrical Silver(I)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:1171-1189. [PMID: 32002729 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis and anticancer studies of three symmetrically and non-symmetrically substituted silver(I)-N-Heterocyclic carbene complexes of type [(NHC)2-Ag]PF6 (7-9) and their respective (ligands) benzimidazolium salts (4-6) are described herein. Compound 5 and Ag-NHC-complex 7 were characterized by the single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Structural studies for 7 showed that the silver(I) center has linear C-Ag-C coordination geometry (180.00(10)o). Other azolium and Ag-NHC analogues were confirmed by H1 and C13-NMR spectroscopy. The synthesized analogues were biologically characterized for in vitro anticancer activity against three cancer cell lines including human colorectal cancer (HCT 116), breast cancer (MCF-7), and erythromyeloblastoid leukemia (K-562) cell lines and in terms of in vivo acute oral toxicity (IAOT) in view of agility and body weight of female rats. In vitro anticancer activity showed the values of IC50 in range 0.31-17.9 μM in case of K-562 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines and 15.1-35.2 μM in case of MCF-7 while taking commercially known anticancer agents 5-fluorouracil, tamoxifen, and betulinic acid which have IC50 values 5.2, 5.5, and 17.0 μM, respectively. In vivo study revealed vigor and agility of all test animals which explores the biocompatibility and non-toxicity of the test analogues.
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Wei L, Zhao J, Meng Y, Guo Y, Luo C. Antibacterial activity, safety and preservative effect of aminoethyl-phloretin on the quality parameters of salmon fillets. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jafari M, Naeini KM, Lorigooini Z, Namjoo R. Oral acute and sub-acute toxic effects of hydroalcoholic Terminalia chebula Retz and Achillea wilhelmsii extracts in BALB/c mice. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2019; 9:25. [PMID: 31750830 PMCID: PMC6870277 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2019090425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study examined the acute and sub-acute toxic effects of Terminalia chebula and Achillea wilhelmsii extracts on the murine model. Methods: In both phases, mice were assigned to intervention and control groups. At the end of study, the liver, kidney, and heart tissues were collected for histopathological studies. Results: In the acute phase of the study, the safe dose was ≤5000 mg/kg for both extracts. In sub-acute phase, LD50 (95% CI) of Achillea wilhelmsii extract was determined ≥5000 mg/kg and that of Terminalia chebula extract 2754.436 (2438-3114) mg/kg. The highest dose of T. chebula extract induced few histopathological changes. Conclusion: It will be useful to gain information on the minimum lethal doses of T. chebula and A. wilhelmsii to adopt safe doses of the two plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Jafari
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Kourosh Manochehri Naeini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Rasool Namjoo
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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