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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heart failure (HF) continues to be a public health burden despite advances in therapy, and the natriuretic peptide (NP) system is clearly of critical importance in this setting, spawning valuable diagnostic and prognostic testing, such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP), as well as current and future therapeutics, including recombinant natriuretic peptides (e.g., carperitide, nesiritide) and recently sacubitril, which inhibits the key clearance mechanism for NPs. This article intends to summarize the existing evidence for the role of NP system genetic variation on cardiovascular phenotypes relevant to HF with particular focus on the potential impact on pharmacologic therapies. RECENT FINDINGS Several genes in NP system have been interrogated, in many cases genetic variation impacting protein quantity and function or related disease states. Recent data supports genetic variants potentially impacting pharmacokinetics or dynamics of medications targeting the pathway. Growing evidence indicates the importance of genetic variation to the functioning of the NP system and its pharmacologic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abuzaanona
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - David Lanfear
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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2
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Lanfear DE, Li J, Abbas R, She R, Padhukasahasram B, Gupta RC, Langholz D, Tang WHW, Williams LK, Sabbah HN, Chow SL. Genetic Factors Influencing B-type Natriuretic Peptide-Mediated Production of Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate and Blood Pressure Effects in Heart Failure Patients. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2015; 8:545-53. [PMID: 26589601 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-015-9660-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Natriuretic peptides (NPs) represent a critical pathway in heart failure (HF). We explored genetic determinants of pharmacodynamic effects of B-type NP (BNP) and changes in plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and blood pressure (BP). HF patients (n = 135) received recombinant human BNP (nesiritide) at standard doses, and plasma cGMP levels were measured at baseline and during infusion. We tested the association of 119 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 4 candidate genes (NPR1, NPR2, NPR3, and membrane metallo-endopeptidase (MME)) with the change in cGMP and BP. Gene-based testing for association of genetic variation with endpoints was significant only for MME. Upon individual SNP testing, two loci in MME were associated with ΔcGMP; another (rs16824656) showed association with BP change. In summary, the pharmacodynamic effects of BNP vary substantially in HF patients and are associated with genetic variation in MME. MME genetic variation may be an important determinant of NP-mediated effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Lanfear
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Raza Abbas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ricoung She
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Badri Padhukasahasram
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ramesh C Gupta
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - W H Wilson Tang
- Heart and Vascular Institute and Center for Clinical Genomics, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - L Keoki Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hani N Sabbah
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sheryl L Chow
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
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Hu BC, Li Y, Liu M, Li LH, Sheng CS, Zhang Y, Wang JG. Blood pressure and urinary sodium excretion in relation to 16 genetic polymorphisms in the natriuretic peptide system in Chinese. Endocr J 2014; 61:861-74. [PMID: 24954621 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej14-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We systematically investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the natriuretic peptide system (NPPA, NPPB, NPPC, NPRA, NPRC, and Corin genes) and blood pressure in a Chinese population. The study population was recruited from a mountainous area 500 km south of Shanghai from 2003 to 2009. Using the ABI SNapShot method, we first genotyped 951 subjects enrolled in 2005 for 16 SNPs and then the remaining 1355 subjects as validation for 5 SNPs selected from the primary study. Overall, the association of the studied genetic polymorphisms with blood pressure and urinary excretion of cations was weak or non-significant. However, in the primary study, there was significant (Pint = 0.003) interaction between the rs198358 polymorphism and age in relation to diastolic blood pressure. After adjustment for covariates, diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the G allele carriers than AA homozygotes in 176 subjects aged 60 years or older (77.8 ± 1.72 vs 73.9 ± 1.54 mmHg, P = 0.001). In the primary combined with validation studies, this interaction remained statistically significant (Pint = 0.02). The odds ratio of hypertension for carrying the G allele versus AA homozygotes was 1.25 (95% CI: 1.03-1.52; P = 0.03) in all subjects, and 0.85 (0.51-1.41; P = 0.53), 1.30 (0.98-1.73; P = 0.06), and 1.45 (0.95-2.22; P = 0.08) in the subjects younger than 40 years, 40-59 years, and 60 years or older, respectively. Some of the genetic polymorphisms in the natriuretic peptide system might be associated with blood pressure. However, not only the size, but also the direction of the association may change with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Chuan Hu
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Ellis KL, Newton-Cheh C, Wang TJ, Frampton CM, Doughty RN, Whalley GA, Ellis CJ, Skelton L, Davis N, Yandle TG, Troughton RW, Richards AM, Cameron VA. Association of genetic variation in the natriuretic peptide system with cardiovascular outcomes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 50:695-701. [PMID: 21276798 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphisms within individual natriuretic peptide genes have been associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, but their association with clinical outcomes was previously unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between genetic variants in key genes of the natriuretic peptide system with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. Coronary disease patients (n=1810) were genotyped for polymorphisms within NPPA, NPPB, NPPC, NPR1 and NPR2. Clinical history, natriuretic peptide concentrations, echocardiography, all-cause mortality and cardiovascular hospital readmissions were recorded over a median 2.8 years. Minor alleles of NPPA rs5068, rs5065 and rs198358 were associated with less history of hypertension; minor alleles of NPPA rs5068 and rs198358 was also associated with higher circulating natriuretic peptide levels (p=0.003 to p=0.04). Minor alleles of NPPB rs198388, rs198389, and rs632793 were associated with higher circulating BNP and NT-proBNP (p=0.001 to p=0.03), and reduced E/E(1) (p=0.011), or LVESVI (p=0.001) and LVEDVI (p=0.004). Within NPPC, both rs11079028 and rs479651 were associated with higher NT-proBNP and CNP (p=0.01 to p=0.03), and rs479651 was associated with lower LVESVI (p=0.008) and LVEDVI (p=0.018). NPR2 rs10758325 was associated with smaller LVMI (p<0.02). A reduced rate of cardiovascular readmission was observed for minor alleles of NPPA rs5065 (p<0.0001), NPPB rs632793 (p<0.0001), rs198388 (p<0.0001), rs198389 (p<0.0001), and NPR2 rs10758325 (p<0.0001). There were no associations with all-cause mortality. In established cardiovascular disease, natriuretic peptide system polymorphisms were associated with natriuretic peptide levels, hypertension, echocardiographic indices and the incidence of hospital readmission for cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L Ellis
- Christchurch Cardioendocrine Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Clerico A, Vittorini S, Passino C, Emdin M. New and emerging biomarkers of heart failure. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2009; 46:107-28. [DOI: 10.1080/10408360902722342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Vassalle C, Andreassi MG. Genetic Polymorphisms of the Natriuretic Peptide System in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease: What Lies on the Horizon? Clin Chem 2009; 55:878-87. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2008.120832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground: The natriuretic peptide hormone family includes various proteins characterized by similar chemical structure and shared biological functions, with important effects on the cardiovascular system. Accordingly, these molecules are widely recognized as key clinical biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of heart failure, hypertension, and coronary heart disease.Content: Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been recently identified in genes associated with the natriuretic system. This review provides an overview of new insights into the functional role of these genetic variants, as well as their impact on cardiovascular physiopathology and drug response.Conclusions: Noteworthy relationships between some specific polymorphisms and clinical correlates of cardiovascular disease have emerged. Nevertheless, future confirming studies are needed to substantiate the clinical relevance of such variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vassalle
- Fondazione G. Monasterio and Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Andreassi
- Fondazione G. Monasterio and Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
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Lanfear DE. Genetic variation in the natriuretic peptide system and heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2008; 15:219-28. [PMID: 18850266 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-008-9113-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a modern epidemic and is one of the few cardiovascular diseases which is increasing in prevalence. The growing importance of the Natriuretic Peptide (NP) system in HF is well recognized. Laboratory tests for B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) have proven value as diagnostic and prognostic tools in HF and are now part of routine clinical care. Furthermore, recombinant atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) (carperitide) and BNP (nesiritide) and are approved HF therapies in Japan and the US, respectively and additional natriuretic peptides (e.g., CNP, urodilatin, and designer NPs) are under investigation for use in HF. Common genetic sequence variants are increasingly being recognized as determinants of disease risk or drug response and may help explain a portion of the inter-individual variation in the human NP system. This review describes current knowledge of NP system genetic variation as it pertains to HF as well as ongoing studies and where the field is expected to progress in the near future. To briefly summarize, NP system genetic variants have been associated with alterations in gene expression, NP levels, and cardiovascular disease. The next step forward will include specific investigations into how this genetic variation can advance 'Personalized Medicine', such as whether they impact the utility of diagnostic BNP testing or effectiveness of therapeutic NP infusion. This is already in progress, with pharmacogenetic studies of nesiritide currently underway. We expect that within 5 years there should be a reasonable idea of whether NP system genetic variation will have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Lanfear
- Henry Ford Heart and Vascular Institute, Section of Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplantation, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, K14, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Aoi N, Nakayama T, Sato N, Kosuge K, Haketa A, Sato M, Soma M. Case-control study of the role of the Gitelman's syndrome gene in essential hypertension. Endocr J 2008; 55:305-10. [PMID: 18362449 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.k07e-021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gitelman's syndrome is an inherited tubular disorder characterized by sodium wasting, low blood pressure, secondary hyperaldosteronism, metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia of renal origin, and hypocalciuria. The majority of patients with this syndrome carry inactivating mutations in the SLC12A3 gene encoding the thiazide-sensitive Na (+)-Cl (-) cotransporter (NCC) located in the distal convoluted tubule, which is involved in renal sodium reabsorption. This suggests that the SLC12A3 gene is involved in mediation of blood pressure levels. The aim of the present study was to investigate relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human SLC12A3 gene and essential hypertension (EH) in Japanese. METHOD We selected 3 SNPs in the human SLC12A3 gene (T180K, A569V, L849H), and performed a case-control study of 315 EH patients and 305 normotensive (NT) individuals. RESULTS There was no significant difference in overall distribution of genotypes or alleles of any of the SNPs between the EH and NT groups. CONCLUSION We conclude that the causal gene of Gitelman's syndrome is not involved in determining blood pressure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Aoi
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Advanced Medical Science, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Balion CM, Santaguida P, McKelvie R, Hill SA, McQueen MJ, Worster A, Raina PS. Physiological, pathological, pharmacological, biochemical and hematological factors affecting BNP and NT-proBNP. Clin Biochem 2008; 41:231-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Revised: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Carey RM. Pathophysiology of Primary Hypertension. Microcirculation 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374530-9.00020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sato M, Nakayama T, Soma M, Aoi N, Kosuge K, Haketa A, Izumi Y, Matsumoto K, Sato N, Kokubun S. Association between prostaglandin E2 receptor gene and essential hypertension. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2007; 77:15-20. [PMID: 17644362 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2007.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Revised: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential hypertension (EH) is a complex multifactorial polygenic disorder that is thought to result from an interaction between an individual's genetic makeup and various environmental factors. In the kidney, prostaglandins (PGs) are important mediators of vascular tone and salt and water homeostasis, and are involved in the mediation and/or modulation of hormonal action. In previous studies, mice deficient in the prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) EP2 receptor had resting systolic blood pressure (BP) that was significantly lower than that of wild-type controls. The BP of those mice increased when they were put on a high-salt diet, suggesting that the EP2 receptor is involved in sodium handling by the kidney. In the present study, we investigated the association between EH and nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding the prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype EP2 (PTGER2). METHODS We selected three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the human PTGER2 gene (rs1254601, rs2075797, and rs17197), and we performed a genetic association study of 266 EH patients and 253 age-matched normotensive (NT) controls. RESULTS There was no significant difference in overall distribution of genotypes or alleles of any of the SNP between the EH and NT groups. However, among men, the A/A type of the SNP rs17197 (rs17197, A/G in 3'UTR) was significantly more frequent in EH subjects than in NT subjects (P=0.041). CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that rs17197 is useful as a genetic marker of EH in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikano Sato
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Advanced Medical Science, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Jeoung JW, Kim DM, Ko HS, Park SS, Kim JY, Kim SY, Yoo TW. Investigation of the association between normal-tension glaucoma and single nucleotide polymorphisms in natriuretic peptide gene. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2007; 21:33-8. [PMID: 17460430 PMCID: PMC2629695 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2007.21.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The expression of natriuretic peptides in the neural bundles of the anterior portion of the optic nerves and their functions in regulating vessel tone and blood flow may suggest a possible role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between normal-tension glaucoma and the genetic variations of atrial natriuretic peptide (Nppa) and natriuretic peptide receptor A (Npr1) gene. Methods Sixty-seven Korean normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients and 100 healthy subjects (as normal controls) were enrolled. DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes was extracted, and the genotypes of five polymorphisms (c.94G>A, c.454T>C, IVS1+16C>T, IVS2+701G>A, and c.-764C>G) in the Nppa gene and one polymorphism (c.1023G>C) in the Npr1 gene were determined using the restriction fragment length polymorphism and the SNaPshot methods. The genotype and allele frequencies of these polymorphisms in patients with NTG and normal controls were compared using the Fisher's exact test and the chi-square test. Results In both groups, the genotype distributions were in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There was no significant difference in the frequency of the Nppa and Npr1 alleles or genotypes in the normal-tension glaucoma group as compared to the control group. Conclusions Nppa and Npr1 gene polymorphisms are not associated with normal-tension glaucoma, suggesting that this gene does not have an important role in the pathogenesis of optic neuropathy in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wook Jeoung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Myung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Ko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Sup Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Yeun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tai Woo Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Kosuge K, Soma M, Nakayama T, Aoi N, Sato M, Izumi Y, Matsumoto K. A novel variable number of tandem repeat of the natriuretic peptide precursor B gene's 5'-flanking region is associated with essential hypertension among Japanese females. Int J Med Sci 2007; 4:146-52. [PMID: 17554401 PMCID: PMC1885554 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.4.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) acts primarily as a cardiac hormone; it is produced by the ventricle and has both vasodilatory and natriuretic actions. Therefore, the BNP gene is thought to be a candidate gene for essential hypertension (EH). The present study identified variants in the 5'-flanking region of natriuretic peptide precursor B (NPPB) gene and assessed the relationship between gene variants and EH. METHODS The polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism method and nucleotide sequencing were used to identify variants. RESULTS A novel variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the 5'-flanking region (-1241 nucleotides from the major transcriptional initiation site) was discovered. This VNTR polymorphism is a tandem repeat of the 4-nucleotide sequence TTTC. There were 8 alleles, ranging from 9-repeat to 19-repeat. An association study was done involving 317 EH patients and 262 age-matched normotensive (NT) subjects. The 11-repeat allele was the most frequent (88.2%); the 16-repeat allele was the second most frequent (10.5%) in the NT group. The observed and expected genotypes were in agreement with the predicted Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium values (P=0.972). Among females, the overall distribution of genotypes was significantly different between the EH and NT groups (p=0.039). The frequency of the 16-repeat allele was significantly lower in the female EH group (6.5%) than in the female NT group (12.2%, p=0.046). CONCLUSIONS The 16-repeat allele of the VNTR in the 5'-flanking region of NPPB appears to be a useful genetic marker of EH in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotoko Kosuge
- 1. Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Soma
- 1. Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- 3. Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakayama
- 2. Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Aoi
- 2. Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikano Sato
- 2. Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Izumi
- 1. Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsumoto
- 1. Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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YOSHIKAWA Y, NAKAYAMA T, SAITO K, HUI P, MORITA A, SATO N, TAKAHASHI T, TAMURA M, SATO I, AOI N, DOBA N, HINOHARA S, SOMA M, USAMI R. Haplotype-Based Case-Control Study of the Association between the Guanylate Cyclase Activator 2B (GUCA2B, Uroguanylin) Gene and Essential Hypertension. Hypertens Res 2007; 30:789-96. [DOI: 10.1291/hypres.30.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhang S, Mao G, Zhang Y, Tang G, Wen Y, Hong X, Jiang S, Yu Y, Xu X. Association between human atrial natriuretic peptide Val7Met polymorphism and baseline blood pressure, plasma trough irbesartan concentrations, and the antihypertensive efficacy of irbesartan in rural Chinese patients with essential hypertension. Clin Ther 2006; 27:1774-84. [PMID: 16368448 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2005.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual variations in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antihypertensive drugs are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The ANP gene, which encodes the precursor of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), is among the candidate genes for genetic susceptibility to hypertension. OBJECTIVE This study examined the relationship between ANP Val7Met polymorphism (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism database ID: rs5063) and baseline blood pressure (BP), plasma trough irbesartan concentrations, and the antihypertensive efficacy of irbesartan in rural Chinese patients with essential hypertension. METHODS Patients with essential hypertension who had taken no antihypertensive medications within 4 weeks of study initiation received oral irbesartan 150 mg/d for 4 weeks. Genotyping was performed for all patients. BP was measured before dosing on the 1st and 28th days of treatment. Plasma irbesartan concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection. Antihypertensive efficacy was defined as attainment of a diastolic BP (DBP) <90 mm Hg (DBP analysis), a systolic BP (SBP) <140 mm Hg (SBP analysis), and a DBP <90 mm Hg and SBP <140 mm Hg (DBP and SBP analysis). RESULTS The study included 756 patients, 621 with the Val/Val genotype and 135 with the Val/Met+Met/Met genotypes. There were no significant differences in age, body mass index, sex, education level, occupation, alcohol consumption, or smoking status between the 2 groups. Patients with the Val/Met+Met/Met genotypes had a significantly lower mean baseline DBP compared with those with the Val/Val genotype (adjusted regression coefficient [SE]: -2.5 [1.0] mm Hg; P = 0.012) and significantly lower mean steady-state plasma trough irbesartan concentrations (adjusted regression coefficient: -12.6 [4.1]; P = 0.002). No significant association was found between antihypertensive efficacy and Val7Met polymorphism in the overall population, but in an analysis by baseline DBP status, patients with the Val/Met+Met/Met genotype a baseline DBP > or =100 mm Hg had significantly smaller reductions in DBP (adjusted regression coefficient: -5.7 [1.4] mm Hg; P < 0.001) and SBP compared with those with the Val/Val genotype and a baseline DBP > or =100 mm Hg (adjusted regression coefficient: -9.8 [2.9] mm Hg; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that in these rural Chinese patients with essential hypertension, ANP Val7Met polymorphism may be a genetic marker for baseline DBP, plasma irbesartan concentrations, and the antihypertensive efficacy of short-term irbesartan therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanchun Zhang
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Nakayama T, Asai S, Sato N, Soma M. Genotype and Haplotype Association Study of the
STRK1
Region on 5q12 Among Japanese. Stroke 2006; 37:69-76. [PMID: 16322495 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000194961.17292.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Cerebral infarction is thought to be a multifactorial disease that is affected by several environmental factors and genetic variants. Gretarsdottir et al identified a candidate locus (
STRK1
) for cerebral infarction with a significant logarithm of odds score at 5q12 in whites in 2002 and subsequently identified the
PDE4D
gene as a susceptibility gene at this locus in 2003. The aims of this haplotype-based case-control study were to confirm, using microsatellite markers and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), whether
PDE4D
is also a susceptibility gene for cerebral infarction in Japanese subjects.
Methods—
Cerebral infarction was defined as noncardiogenic ischemic stroke with signs and symptoms lasting >1 month in duration. We genotyped 208 Japanese cerebral infarction patients and 270 non–cerebral infarction controls for 31 SNPs, 3 dinucleotide microsatellites, and 1 tetranucleotide variable number of tandem repeat. Haplotypes were constructed and their frequencies compared between the cerebral infarction patients and the controls.
Results—
The haplotype-based case-control study revealed that in addition to the region of the
PDE4D
gene (
P
=0.002), another region (
P
<0.001) also existed within the
STRK1
locus.
Conclusions—
The region of the
PDE4D
gene and the other newly detected region within the
STRK1
locus were associated with cerebral infarction.
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MESH Headings
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/genetics
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Alleles
- Case-Control Studies
- Cerebral Infarction/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genotype
- Haplotypes
- Humans
- Japan
- Linkage Disequilibrium
- Lod Score
- Male
- Microsatellite Repeats/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Models, Genetic
- Models, Statistical
- Odds Ratio
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Nakayama
- Division of Receptor Biology, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
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18
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Maruyama A, Nakayama T, Sato N, Mizutani Y, Furuya K, Yamamoto T. Association study using single nucleotide polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) gene for preeclampsia. Hypertens Res 2005; 27:903-9. [PMID: 15894829 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.27.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE) remains uncertain despite many research efforts. Actual hypotheses seek to explain the vascular damage that characterizes the disease. Recently, it was reported that the mouse disrupted estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) gene was associated with abnormal vascular function and hypertension. Moreover, some investigators have reported that subjects with a family history of hypertension have a statistically significant increased risk for PE. Thus, it is thought that the pathophysiology of PE overlaps that for hypertension. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human ESR2 gene and PE in Japanese subjects, and to assess the involvement of a family history of hypertension in these relationships. Based on a database search on the web site of the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI), we chose four SNPs in the human ESR2 gene, and performed an association study in 84 PE patients and 160 age-matched non-PE subjects. The overall distribution in each SNP did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, after dividing the groups into subjects with and without a family history of hypertension, the allelic distribution of one of the SNPs (rs928554) revealed a positive association. Thus, a possible mutation linked to a SNP may prescribe a genetic predisposition for patients with a family history of hypertension in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Maruyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Ooyaguchi-kamimachi, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Abstract
Hypertension is a complex genetic disorder caused by interplay between several "risk" genes and environmental factors (genetic heritability approximately 30%). Most genetic studies of hypertension use a candidate gene approach and two conclusions have been made: there is no association or linkage with the genes studied, or the hypertension phenotype is heterogeneous and subgroups with hypertension related to certain polymorphisms cannot be identified because of background noise. Studies using intermediate phenotypes suggest the latter is most likely. Another problem is the reliability of gene structure assessment: usually only one or two gene polymorphisms are assessed. The use of intermediate phenotypes and dense mapping of candidate genes would provide a better approach for identifying genotype-phenotype correlations, which might enable the use of genotypes to identify more-specific therapeutic and preventative measures for hypertensives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Agarwal
- Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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20
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Abstract
Three types of natriuretic peptides (NP) have been isolated: atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). The NP family elicits a number of vascular, renal and endocrine effects that help to maintain blood pressure and extracellular fluid volume. These effects are mediated by the specific binding of NP to cell surface receptors that have been characterized, purified and cloned from cells of the vasculature, kidney, adrenal gland and brain. There are 3 subtypes of NP receptors: type A natriuretic peptide receptor (NPRA), type B natriuretic peptide receptor (NPRB), and type C natriuretic peptide receptor (NPRC). All 3 subtypes affect cellular second messenger activity. NPRA and NPRB are guanylyl cyclase receptors, and their activation increases cGMP levels. Activation of NPRC results in inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity. Human NPRA has a high structural homology with human NPRB, and contains a highly-conserved guanylyl cyclase domain. ANP and BNP bind primarily to NPRA, which is found in the vasculature, causing vasodilation and inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. The present paper contains a review of NPs and their receptors and the genetic contribution of the NP system to cardiovascular diseases such as essential hypertension and myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Nakayama
- Division of Receptor Biology, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nihon University School of Medicine, Ooyaguchi-kamimachi, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Kobayashi Y, Nakayama T, Sato N, Izumi Y, Kokubun S, Soma M. Haplotype-Based Case-Control Study Revealing an Association between the Adrenomedullin Gene and Proteinuria in Subjects with Essential Hypertension. Hypertens Res 2005; 28:229-36. [PMID: 16097366 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.28.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) has various physiological actions on the cardiovascular system, including vasodilatation, diuresis, natriuresis, inhibition of aldosterone secretion, and increases of the cardiac output, all of which cause hypotension. Since AM plays a role in the pathophysiology of vascular diseases, genes controlling AM might be involved in the development and etiology of essential hypertension (EH). However, there have been few studies examining the relationship between the AM gene and hypertension. The aims of this study were to genotype some of the genetic markers for the human AM gene in Japanese subjects, and via a haplotype-based case-control study, assess the association between and the AM gene and EH or its risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, renal damage, and proteinuria. We genotyped 205 EH patients and 210 age-matched normotensive (NT) individuals for two single nucleotide polymorphisms of rs4399321, rs7944706 and a microsatellite polymorphism located approximately 5,400 base pairs downstream of the 3' end of the human AM gene. The overall distribution in each variant and haplotype did not significantly differ between the two groups. However, after dividing the groups into those subjects with and without proteinuria, the haplotype analysis revealed a positive association. In conclusion, a possible mutation linked to the haplotype may indicate a genetic predisposition for proteinuria in EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Kobayashi
- Nihon University School of Medicine, Ooyaguchi-kamimachi, 30-1 Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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22
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Nakayama T, Soma M, Kanmatsuse K, Kokubun S. The microsatellite alleles on chromosome 1 associated with essential hypertension and blood pressure levels. J Hum Hypertens 2004; 18:823-8. [PMID: 15190264 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Essential hypertension (EH) is thought to be a polygenic disease. Several candidate genes of this disease have been investigated in studies using polymorphic genetic markers, but some studies have failed to show any association of EH with these genes. In this experiment, we used microsatellite markers on chromosome 1, and performed an association study between EH and control subjects. Genomic DNA was amplified with fluorescently labelled primers from the Applied Biosystems PRISM linkage mapping set HD-5 comprising 63 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers with an average spacing of 4.5 cM. We isolated three loci showing significant differences: D1S507, D1S2713 and D1S2842. The P-values of the allele with the greatest post hoc contributions in D1S507, D1S2713 and D1S2842 were 0.0008, 0.0062 and 0.0084, respectively. All these values were significant after Bonferroni correction. Furthermore, we found that the three microsatellite alleles were associated with the levels of systolic blood pressure. These data suggest that there are at least the three susceptibility loci for EH on chromosome 1, and that a case-control study using microsatellite markers on genomewide basis is a useful method for isolating the susceptibility loci of multifactorial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakayama
- Division of Receptor Biology, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nihon University School of Medicine, Ooyaguchi-kamimachi, Tokyo, Japan.
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Hopkins
- Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84108, USA
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24
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Wu Z, Nakura J, Abe M, Jin JJ, Yamamoto M, Chen Y, Tabara Y, Yamamoto Y, Igase M, Bo X, Kohara K, Miki T. Genome-wide linkage disequilibrium mapping of hypertension in Japan. Hypertens Res 2003; 26:533-40. [PMID: 12924620 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.26.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a common, complex phenotype resulting from the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. To select candidate regions potentially responsible for hypertension, we are conducting a genome-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping of hypertension using dinucleotide repeat markers in 146 hypertensive and 136 normotensive subjects. Although the LD mapping is still underway, 19 alleles of 15 markers have already shown a nominally significant association (p<0.05), with odds ratios ranging from 0.08 to 5.12, suggesting the presence of many hypertension-related loci with weak effects in the human genome. These markers should be further assessed, adjusting for confounding factors and considering gene-gene and gene-environmental interactions in additional samples. In this report, we discuss our ongoing LD mapping project and describe the 15 markers thus far discovered. Among the 15 markers, D10S537 had a highly significant association with hypertension (p=5.3x10(-5); OR=3.80; 95% CI=1.98-7.27; where OR indicates the odds ratio and 95% CI indicates the 95% confidence interval). Further analysis in a large Japanese population showed that D10S537 was significantly associated with hypertension (p=0.044; OR=1.27; 95% CI=1.01-1.59). D10S537 was more significantly associated with hypertension in subjects with normotriglyceridemia in our population (p=0.007; OR=1.47; 95% CI=1.11-1.95).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Wu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Onsen-gun, Ehime, Japan
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25
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Hasimu B, Nakayama T, Mizutani Y, Izumi Y, Asai S, Soma M, Kokubun S, Ozawa Y. A novel variable number of tandem repeat polymorphism of the renin gene and essential hypertension. Hypertens Res 2003; 26:473-7. [PMID: 12862204 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.26.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to find new genetic markers of essential hypertension (EH) and to investigate relationships between EH and polymorphisms of the renin gene. Using single strand conformation polymorphism, we discovered a new variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in intron 7 that is 18 bp upstream from the boundary with exon 8. Nucleotide sequencing revealed that this VNTR polymorphism is a tandem repeat of the 4-nucleotide sequence TCTG. There were 6 alleles of this VNTR polymorphism, ranging from 7 repeats to 12 repeats. We analyzed the association between EH and this VNTR polymorphism. There was no significant difference in the overall distribution of this VNTR polymorphism between the EH and normotensive subjects. In summary, we discovered a novel VNTR polymorphism in the renin gene, and this polymorphism was not associated with EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buaijiaer Hasimu
- Division of Receptor Biology, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Hasimu B, Nakayama T, Mizutani Y, Izumi Y, Asai S, Soma M, Kokubun S, Ozawa Y. Haplotype analysis of the human renin gene and essential hypertension. Hypertension 2003; 41:308-12. [PMID: 12574100 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000049762.77830.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The human renin gene is an attractive candidate for involvement in the underlying cause of essential hypertension (EH). Despite extensive examination, the relation between the renin gene and hypertension remains unclear. The aims of the present study were to discover new genetic markers of EH and to investigate the relations between polymorphisms of the renin gene and EH in the Japanese. Using the polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) method, we isolated 3 novel variants of the renin gene; a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in intron 4 (T+17int4G), a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism in intron 7, and a missense mutation in exon 9 (G1051A). We performed an association study with these polymorphisms in 212 patients with EH and 209 age-matched normotensive (NT) subjects. The frequency of genotypes VNTR and T+17int4G did not differ significantly between the 2 groups, whereas the overall distribution of G1051A was significantly different between EH and NT. Haplotype analysis revealed that the overall distribution of haplotypes differed significantly between the EH and NT groups. PRA levels in patients with EH with the G/G genotype were significantly higher than in subjects with EH with G/A and A/A genotypes. These data suggest that the missense mutation in exon 9 may affect the enzymatic function of renin and consequently may be involved in the etiology of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buaijiaer Hasimu
- Division of Receptor Biology, Advanced Medical Research Center, the Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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