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Yılmaz R, Ateş Ö, Gül A, Kasap T, Özer S, Ensari E. Association Between Trp64arg Polymorphism of the β3 adrenoreceptor Gene and Female Sex in Obese Turkish Children and Adolescents. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2019; 22:460-469. [PMID: 31555571 PMCID: PMC6751107 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2019.22.5.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The β3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) is expressed in visceral adipose tissue and has been speculated to contribute to lipolysis, energy metabolism, and regulation of the metabolic rate. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of polymorphism of the ADRB3 gene with the sex of children with obesity and related pathologies. METHODS ADRB3 gene trp64arg genotyping was conducted in 441 children aged 6-18 years. Among these subjects, 264 were obese (103 boys; 161 girls) and 179 were of normal weight (81 boys; 98 girls). In the obese group, fasting lipids, glucose and insulin levels, and blood pressure were measured. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was defined according to the modified World Health Organization criteria adapted for children. RESULTS The frequency of trp64arg genotype was similar in obese and normal weight children. In obese children, serum lipid, glucose, and insulin levels; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores; and MS were not different between arg allele carriers (trp64arg) and noncarriers (trp64trp). In 264 obese children, genetic analysis results revealed that the arg allele carriers were significantly higher in girls than in boys (p=0.001). In the normal weight group, no statistically significant difference was found between genotypes of boys and girls (p=0.771). CONCLUSION Trp64arg polymorphism of the ADRB3 gene was not associated with obesity and MS in Turkish children and adolescents. Although no relationships were observed between the genotypes and lipids, glucose/insulin levels, or HOMA-IR, the presence of trp64arg variant was frequent in obese girls, which can lead to weight gain as well as difficulty in losing weight in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resul Yılmaz
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Selcuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ömer Ateş
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Gaziosmanpasa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ali Gül
- Department of Pediatrics, Gaziosmanpasa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Tuba Kasap
- Department of Pediatrics, Gaziosmanpasa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Samet Özer
- Clinic of Pediatrics, Memorial Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Emel Ensari
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Gaziosmanpasa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
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Manosroi W, Williams GH. Genetics of Human Primary Hypertension: Focus on Hormonal Mechanisms. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:825-856. [PMID: 30590482 PMCID: PMC6936319 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly, primary hypertension is being considered a syndrome and not a disease, with the individual causes (diseases) having a common sign-an elevated blood pressure. To determine these causes, genetic tools are increasingly employed. This review identified 62 proposed genes. However, only 21 of them met our inclusion criteria: (i) primary hypertension, (ii) two or more supporting cohorts from different publications or within a single publication or one supporting cohort with a confirmatory genetically modified animal study, and (iii) 600 or more subjects in the primary cohort; when including our exclusion criteria: (i) meta-analyses or reviews, (ii) secondary and monogenic hypertension, (iii) only hypertensive complications, (iv) genes related to blood pressure but not hypertension per se, (v) nonsupporting studies more common than supporting ones, and (vi) studies that did not perform a Bonferroni or similar multiassessment correction. These 21 genes were organized in a four-tiered structure: distant phenotype (hypertension); intermediate phenotype [salt-sensitive (18) or salt-resistant (0)]; subintermediate phenotypes under salt-sensitive hypertension [normal renin (4), low renin (8), and unclassified renin (6)]; and proximate phenotypes (specific genetically driven hypertensive subgroup). Many proximate hypertensive phenotypes had a substantial endocrine component. In conclusion, primary hypertension is a syndrome; many proposed genes are likely to be false positives; and deep phenotyping will be required to determine the utility of genetics in the treatment of hypertension. However, to date, the positive genes are associated with nearly 50% of primary hypertensives, suggesting that in the near term precise, mechanistically driven treatment and prevention strategies for the specific primary hypertension subgroups are feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worapaka Manosroi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Gordon H Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Yoshihara A, Kaneko N, Nohno K, Iwasaki M. Interaction between beta-3 adrenergic receptor genotype and environmental factors on periodontal progression. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:623-630. [PMID: 31002408 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the relationship between beta-3 adrenergic receptor polymorphism and environmental factors such as smoking on periodontal disease by considering effect modification. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 294 subjects who participated in all follow-up surveys over the 6-year study period were analysed. After dividing subjects into tertiles according to the number of years exposed to smoking, we conducted Poisson regression analysis to compare the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for periodontal disease events during the 6-year study period with beta-3 adrenergic receptor genotype (1: Arg allele carriers, 2: Arg allele non-carriers) for each tertile adjusted for other four variables. RESULTS The number of years exposed to smoking (mean ± standard deviation) for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd tertiles was 0 ± 0, 20.1 ± 9.1 and 45.3 ± 7.7 years, respectively. The IRRs ± SE were 0.89 ± 0.08 (p = 0.218) for the 1st tertile, 1.93 ± 0.36 (p < 0.001) for the 2nd tertile and 2.56 ± 0.23 (p < 0.001) for the 3rd tertile. CONCLUSION There was a clear dose-response relationship between beta-3 adrenergic receptor genotype and periodontal disease progression based on the number of years exposed to smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yoshihara
- Department of Oral Health and Welfare, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Noboru Kaneko
- Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kaname Nohno
- Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masanori Iwasaki
- Department of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
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4
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Yang H, Cai D, Zhu Q, Wu D, Wang Q, Wang Z. The mutation of Trp64Arg in β3-adrenoreceptor-encoding gene is significantly associated with increased hypertension risk and elevated blood pressure: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46480-46490. [PMID: 28404887 PMCID: PMC5542283 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis was implemented to test the association of a missense mutation, Trp64Arg, in β3-adrenoreceptor-encoding gene (ADRB3) with both hypertension risk and blood pressure (BP) changes. A systematic search of three publicly-available databases was launched to look for articles published as of December 2016. Qualification appraisal and data extraction were independently done by two researchers. Pooled estimates were expressed as odds ratio (OR) or weighted mean difference (WMD), and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). There were separately 21 (3750/4225 patients/controls) and 17 (6100 subjects) individual studies for hypertension risk and BP changes. Integral analyses revealed that Trp64Arg mutation was associated with the significantly increased risk of hypertension, and particularly, the 64Trp/64Arg heterozygote carriers were 1.23-times more likely to develop hypertension compared with the 64Trp/64Trp homozygote carriers (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.02∼1.46, P = 0.021). Publication bias was extremely low for all integral comparisons. In stratified analyses, significance was spotted in populations of Chinese descent, in retrospective studies, in hospital-based studies, in age-matched case-control studies, in studies enrolling patients with mean body mass index < 25 kg/m2 and in studies with total sample size ≥ 240. Heterogeneity was improved for most stratified comparisons. Further in hypertensive patients, the 64Trp/64Arg heterozygote carriers had significantly higher systolic (WMD = 0.87 mmHg, 95% CI: 0.39∼1.35, P < 0.001) and diastolic (WMD = 0.88 mmHg, 95% CI: 0.59∼1.17, P < 0.001) BP than 64Trp/64Trp homozygote carriers. Altogether, ADRB3 gene Trp64Arg mutation was significantly associated with an increased predisposition toward hypertension and elevated systolic/diastolic BP in hypertensive patients, suggesting that Trp64Arg is an important hypertension-susceptibility marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualing Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dongmiao Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qingping Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Dongjin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qingxiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Li YY, Lu XZ, Wang H, Zhou YH, Yang XX, Geng HY, Gong G, Kim HJ. ADRB3 Gene Trp64Arg Polymorphism and Essential Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis Including 9,555 Subjects. Front Genet 2018; 9:106. [PMID: 29670643 PMCID: PMC5893850 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Presence of the β3-Adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) gene Trp64Arg (T64A) polymorphism may be associated with an increased susceptibility for essential hypertension (EH). A clear consensus, however, has yet to be reached. Objective and methods: To further elucidate the relationship between the ADRB3 gene Trp64Arg polymorphism and EH, a meta-analysis of 9,555 subjects aggregated from 16 individual studies was performed. The combined odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were evaluated using either a random or fixed effect model. Results: We found a marginally significant association between ADRB3 gene Trp64Arg polymorphism and EH in the whole population under the additive genetic model (OR: 1.200, 95% CI: 1.00–1.43, P = 0.049). Association within the Chinese subgroup, however, was significant under allelic (OR: 1.150, 95% CI: 1.002–1.320, P = 0.046), dominant (OR: 1.213, 95% CI: 1.005–1.464, P = 0.044), heterozygous (OR: 1.430, 95% CI:1.040–1.970, P = 0.03), and additive genetic models (OR: 1.280, 95% CI: 1.030–1.580, P = 0.02). A significant association was also found in the Caucasian subgroup under allelic (OR: 1.850, 95% CI: 1. 260–2.720, P = 0.002), dominant (OR: 2.004, 95% CI: 1.316–3.052, P = 0.001), heterozygous (OR: 2.220, 95% CI: 1.450–3.400, P = 0.0002), and additive genetic models (OR: 2.000, 95% CI: 1. 330–3.010, P = 0.0009). Conclusions: The presence of the ADRB3 gene Trp64Arg polymorphism is positively associated with EH, especially in the Chinese and Caucasian population. The Arg allele carriers of ADRB3 gene Trp64Arg polymorphism may be at an increased risk for developing EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Clinical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Zheng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Xing Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Yu Geng
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Ge Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing General Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hyun Jun Kim
- Department of Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Daghestani M, Daghestani M, Daghistani M, Eldali A, Hassan ZK, Elamin MH, Warsy A. ADRB3 polymorphism rs4994 (Trp64Arg) associates significantly with bodyweight elevation and dyslipidaemias in Saudis but not rs1801253 (Arg389Gly) polymorphism in ARDB1. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:58. [PMID: 29587766 PMCID: PMC5870215 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In some populations, obesity and body weight related disorders show a correlation with polymorphisms in three subtypes of beta-adrenoceptor (β1, β2, and β3) [ADRB1, ADRB2 and ADRB3] genes. We scanned for the polymorphism of Arg389Gly (rs1801253) in ADRB1 and Trp64Arg (rs4994) in ADRB3 genes in Saudi population to determine association, if any, of these polymorphisms with obesity and related disorders. Methods We studied 329 non-related adults (33.1% men and 66.9% women), aged 18–36 years. Anthropometric measurements were recorded, and Body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio were calculated; leptin, insulin, lipidogram, and glucose concentrations were determined. ADRB1 and ADRB3 polymorphisms (Arg389Gly and Trp64Arg, respectively) were screened by DNA sequencing. The subjects were divided into three groups according to BMI: normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI ≥25.1–29.9 kg/m2) subjects, and obese (≥30 kg/m2). Results In the age-matched groups of the normal weight, overweight and obese male and female subjects, all anthropometric parameters were found to be significantly higher, and in the obese group, all biochemical parameters were significantly elevated compared to the normal weight controls. The allelic frequency of Gly389 ADRB1 did not differ amongst the three groups, whereas the frequency of Arg64 of ADRB3 gene was significantly higher in the overweight and obese subjects, compared with the normal weight subjects. In addition, subjects carrying Arg64 allele regardless of their BMI had a greater waist and hip circumference, W/H ratio, plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, leptin, insulin, and glucose level compared to those with the wild-type Trp allele. Conclusion The results of this study have shown a significant association between the Trp64Arg polymorphism in ADRB3 gene and the development of overweight and obesity in Saudi populations. It also has an influence on the levels of lipid, insulin, leptin, and glucose, whereas, Arg389Gly polymorphism in ADRB1 is not associated with overweight, obesity or dyslipidaemias in Saudis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Daghestani
- Department of Zoology, Center for Scientific and Medical Female Colleges, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22455, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin Daghestani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umm-Al-Qura University, P.O.Box 424, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamoon Daghistani
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, P.O.Box, Jeddah, 9515, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelmoneim Eldali
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinab K Hassan
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha H Elamin
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arjumand Warsy
- Senior Scientist, Central Laboratory, Center for Scientific and Medical Female Colleges, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22455, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia.
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Pirini F, Rodriguez-Torres S, Ayandibu BG, Orera-Clemente M, Gonzalez-de la Vega A, Lawson F, Thorpe RJ, Sidransky D, Guerrero-Preston R. INSIG2 rs7566605 single nucleotide variant and global DNA methylation index levels are associated with weight loss in a personalized weight reduction program. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1699-1709. [PMID: 29138870 PMCID: PMC5780113 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with lipid metabolism and energy balance are implicated in the weight loss response caused by nutritional interventions. Diet-induced weight loss is also associated with differential global DNA methylation. DNA methylation has been proposed as a predictive biomarker for weight loss response. Personalized biomarkers for successful weight loss may inform clinical decisions when deciding between behavioral and surgical weight loss interventions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between global DNA methylation, genetic variants associated with energy balance and lipid metabolism, and weight loss following a non-surgical weight loss regimen. The present study included 105 obese participants that were enrolled in a personalized weight loss program based on their allelic composition of the following five energy balance and lipid metabolism-associated loci: Near insulin-induced gene 2 (INSIG2); melanocortin 4 receptor; adrenoceptor β2; apolipoprotein A5; and G-protein subunit β3. The present study investigated the association between a global DNA methylation index (GDMI), the allelic composition of the five energy balance and lipid metabolism-associated loci, and weight loss during a 12 month program, after controlling for age, sex and body mass index (BMI). The results demonstrated a significant association between the GDMI and near INSIG2 locus, after adjusting for BMI and weight loss, and significant trends were observed when stratifying by gender. In conclusion, a combination of genetic and epigenetic biomarkers may be used to design personalized weight loss interventions, enabling adherence and ensuring improved outcomes for obesity treatment programs. Precision weight loss programs designed based on molecular information may enable the creation of personalized interventions for patients, that use genomic biomarkers for treatment design and for treatment adherence monitoring, thus improving response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pirini
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, I‑47014 Meldola, Italy
| | | | - Bola Grace Ayandibu
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - María Orera-Clemente
- Genetic Laboratory, University General Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fahcina Lawson
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Johns Hopkins University Centre for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Rafael Guerrero-Preston
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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Roman CW, Derkach VA, Palmiter RD. Genetically and functionally defined NTS to PBN brain circuits mediating anorexia. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11905. [PMID: 27301688 PMCID: PMC4912612 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system controls food consumption to maintain metabolic homoeostasis. In response to a meal, visceral signals from the gut activate neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) via the vagus nerve. These NTS neurons then excite brain regions known to mediate feeding behaviour, such as the lateral parabrachial nucleus (PBN). We previously described a neural circuit for appetite suppression involving calcitonin gene-related protein (CGRP)-expressing PBN (CGRPPBN) neurons; however, the molecular identity of the inputs to these neurons was not established. Here we identify cholecystokinin (CCK) and noradrenergic, dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH)-expressing NTS neurons as two separate populations that directly excite CGRPPBN neurons. When these NTS neurons are activated using optogenetic or chemogenetic methods, food intake decreases and with chronic stimulation mice lose body weight. Our optogenetic results reveal that CCK and DBH neurons in the NTS directly engage CGRPPBN neurons to promote anorexia. Neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) are known to receive visceral signals from the gut during feeding. Here, the authors identify two populations of CCK- and DBH-expressing NTS neurons that work to suppress food intake when activated via opto- or chemogenetic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn W Roman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Victor A Derkach
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Richard D Palmiter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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9
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Orun O. Roles of catecholamine related polymorphisms in hypertension. World J Hypertens 2016; 6:41-52. [DOI: 10.5494/wjh.v6.i1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to summarize current data obtained so far in catecholamine-essential hypertension (EH) relationships on a genetic basis. As the major elements driving the sympathetic system’s actions, catecholamines modulate a variety of physiological processes and mutations related to the system. This could generate serious disorders, such as severe mental illnesses, stress-induced disorders, or impaired control of blood pressure or motor pathways. EH is idiopathic, and the genetic basis of its causes and substantial interindividual discrepancies in response to different types of treatments are the focus of interest. Susceptibility to disease or efficacy of treatments are thought to reflect genomic variabilities among individuals. Therefore, outlining the available knowledge in functional genetic polymorphisms linked to EH will make the picture clearer and will help to establish future prospects in the field.
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10
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Okatan EN, Tuncay E, Hafez G, Turan B. Profiling of cardiac β-adrenoceptor subtypes in the cardiac left ventricle of rats with metabolic syndrome: Comparison with streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:517-25. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about metabolic syndrome (MetS)-associated cardiomyopathy, especially in relation to the role and contribution of beta-adrenoceptor (β-AR) subtypes. Therefore, we examined the roles of β-AR subtypes in the cardiac function of rats with MetS (MetS group) and compared it with that of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes (STZ group). Compared with the normal control rats, the protein levels of cardiac β1- and β2-AR in the MetS group were significantly decreased and with no changes in their mRNA levels, whereas the protein levels of β3-AR were similar to those of the controls. However, as shown previously, the protein levels of cardiac β1- and β2-AR in the STZ group were decreased, whereas the β3-AR levels were significantly increased by comparison with the controls. Additionally, the mRNA levels of β2- and β3-AR were increased, but β1-AR mRNA was decreased in the STZ group. Furthermore, left ventricular developed pressure responses to β3-AR agonist BRL37344 were increased in the STZ group but not in the MetS group, whereas for both groups, the responses to noradrenaline were not different from those of the controls. However, the response to stimulation with high concentrations of fenoterol was depressed in the MetS group, compared with the controls, but not in the STZ group. Consequently, our data suggest that the contribution of the β-AR system to cardiac dysfunction in the rats with MetS is not the same as that in the STZ group, although they have similar cardiac dysfunction with similar ultrastructural changes to the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma N. Okatan
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gaye Hafez
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Yoshihara A, Sugita N, Iwasaki M, Miyazaki H, Nakamura K. The interaction between beta-3 adrenergic receptor polymorphism and obesity to periodontal disease in community-dwelling elderly Japanese. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 41:460-6. [PMID: 24460850 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether the association between beta-3 adrenergic receptor polymorphism and periodontal disease is modified by body weight. MATERIAL AND METHODS We enrolled 332 postmenopausal women and determined their HbA1C levels (%) and beta-3 adrenergic receptor (rs4994) genotypes. Periodontal parameters including clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured. After selecting subjects for each body mass index (BMI) level, the prevalence rate ratio (PRR) by multiple Poisson regression analysis was calculated to evaluate the relationship between periodontal disease and beta-3 adrenergic receptor polymorphism. The number of sites with CAL≥6 mm was used as a dependent variable, and beta-3 adrenergic receptor genotype [categorized as Arg non-carriers (reference) or Arg carriers], age (y) and HbA1C (%) were adopted as independent variables. We converted the number of probing sites (n) to an offset variable. RESULTS The PRR of the beta-3 adrenergic receptor genotype for the number of sites of CAL≥6 mm showed a positive association in subjects with BMI≥25.0 and increased markedly with BMI. The PRR in subjects with BMI≥30 was 3.10 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION This study indicates a positive association between periodontal disease and the beta-3 adrenergic receptor genotype in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yoshihara
- Department of Oral Health and Welfare, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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12
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Do ethnic differences contribute to the relationship between body composition and hypertension? J Hypertens 2014; 32:974-6. [PMID: 24695387 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Beta-3-adrenergic receptor Trp64Arg polymorphism: does it modulate the relationship between exercise and percentage of body fat in young adult Japanese males? Environ Health Prev Med 2013; 18:323-9. [PMID: 23292548 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-012-0325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta-3-adrenergic receptor gene has been studied as a potential genetic factor contributing to the development of obesity. Several studies have investigated whether or not this polymorphism affects weight reduction due to exercise, but the results of these studies have not been consistent. Moreover, information on a population characterized by a wide ranges of physical activities is scarce. Thus, to further understand the impact of this polymorphism, we examined whether the polymorphism modulates the relationship between physical activity due to exercise (PAE) and percentage of body fat (%BF). METHODS The study population was 70 Japanese male young adults with a high prevalence of habitual exercise. PAE was estimated by a questionnaire, and %BF was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Genotyping was done by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS The median PAE value of the subjects was 6.9 MET-h/day with an interquartile range of 1.5-10.3 MET-h/day. PAE correlated significantly with %BF in the entire population and within the two subpopulations, namely, carriers or non-carriers of the Arg allele. Multiple regression analysis of PAE, Trp64Arg polymorphism, and the interaction term revealed that while the PAE-derived independent variable was statistically significant, the interaction term was insignificant. When the two regression lines of subjects with and without the Arg allele were considered, the difference between the two slopes did not deviate from zero, nor did the vertical distance of the two regression lines. These findings suggest that the impact of this polymorphism is limited. CONCLUSIONS In our study population of young adult Japanese males, the impact of the Trp64Arg polymorphism on the association between exercise and body composition was weak, if it existed at all.
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The complex interaction between overweight, hypertension, and sympathetic overactivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 3:353-65. [PMID: 20409978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is ample evidence in the epidemiological and clinical literature that hypertension and overweight are closely and causally interrelated. Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) overactivity has been well documented in both hypertension and overweight, but it is not clear whether this is a coincidental finding or whether the association reflects a mechanistic role of SNS in these two interrelated clinical conditions. Whereas in this review we focus on the evidence for a primary role of SNS in the development of hypertension and overweight, it is clear that the process can be initiated from other starting points such as primary overeating or sleep apnea. After overweight evolves, hormones secreted by fat cells further accelerate SNS overactivity, weight gain, and blood pressure increase. The main thesis of this article is that regardless of where the process started, the same clinical picture of hypertension, overweight, and SNS overactivity will emerge. There is good evidence that in genetically prone individuals, prolonged SNS stimulation elicits a down regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors. This in turn decreases the ability to dissipate calories and diminishes the beta-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation. We hypothesize that beta-adrenoceptor downregulation is the linchpin in the association of SNS with overweight and hypertension.
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Chou YC, Tsai CN, Lee YS, Pei JS. Association of adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms with adolescent obesity in Taiwan. Pediatr Int 2012; 54:111-6. [PMID: 22115535 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2011.03516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms of β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) and β3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) have been reported to be associated with obesity in adults and adolescents, although study results have been controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms of ADRB2 (Arg16Gly, Gln27Glu) and ADRB3 (Trp64Arg) with adolescent obesity in Taiwan. METHODS A total of 559 adolescent volunteers with equal numbers female and male were enrolled. Participants were divided into two groups: obese (body mass index [BMI]≥ 95th percentile) and normal weight (BMI 15th-85th percentile). Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal mucosa cells and genotyped in TaqMan assays. Genotype results and clinical subject characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS Among the three ADRB polymorphisms, only Arg16Gly polymorphism was found to be significantly correlated with adolescent obesity, especially in girls. Girls with genotype Gly/Gly had a lower probability of obesity than those with genotypes Arg/Gly or Arg/Arg (P= 0.006; Arg/Gly: odds ratio [OR], 2.57, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.22-5.41; Arg/Arg: OR, 3.03, 95%CI: 1.50-6.12). Girls with genotype Gly/Gly had lower BMI than those with genotype Arg/Arg (P= 0.049). Obese adolescents with genotype Gly/Gly had a lower probability of hypertension than those with genotype Arg/Gly or Arg/Arg (P= 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Arg16Gly polymorphism of ADRB2 was significantly associated with obesity in female adolescents, and those with the Gly/Gly genotype were associated with a lower possibility of obesity and lower BMI. This polymorphism was also associated with a lower probability of hypertension in obese adolescents. The other two polymorphisms of ADRB (Gln27Glu and Trp64Arg) were not associated with adolescent obesity in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Daghestani MH, Warsy A, Daghestani MH, Al-odaib AN, Eldali A, Al-Eisa NA, Omer SA, Hassan ZK. Arginine 16 Glycine Polymorphism in β2-Adrenergic Receptor Gene is Associated with Obesity, Hyperlipidemia, Hyperleptinemia, and Insulin Resistance in Saudis. Int J Endocrinol 2012; 2012:945608. [PMID: 23056045 PMCID: PMC3463944 DOI: 10.1155/2012/945608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Several studies have shown an association between codon 16 polymorphism of the β2AR gene and obesity. Methods. We studied the association between Arg16Gly polymorphism and obesity and its influence on anthropometric parameters, lipids, insulin resistance and leptin in Saudi individuals. The study group included 329 individuals (males: 109 and females: 220). Metabolic parameters, including glucose, lipids, insulin, and leptin were analyzed and anthropometric parameters including waist and hip circumference, waist/hip (W/H) ratio, and body mass index (BMI) were measured and HOMA-IR was calculated. Genotyping was conducted by DNA sequencing of 353 bp fragments, carrying the Arg16Gly polymorphic site. Results and Conclusion. Overweight and obese subjects had a significantly higher frequency of Gly16 (0.375 and 0.38, resp.) compared with normal-weight subjects (0.200). In addition, subjects carrying Gly16 allele regardless of their BMI had greater waist and hip circumference, W/H ratio, plasma lipids, leptin, glucose level, and insulin resistance as judged from the HOMA-IR, compared to those with the wild-type allele. The findings of this study show a significant association between the Arg16Gly polymorphism in β2AR gene and the development of insulin resistance, overweight, and obesity in Saudi populations with an influence on the levels of lipid and leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha H. Daghestani
- Department of Zoology, Female Center for Scientific and Medical Colleges, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- *Maha H. Daghestani:
| | - Arjumand Warsy
- Department of Biochemistry, Female Center for Scientific and Medical Colleges, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin H. Daghestani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 424, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali N. Al-odaib
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelmoneim Eldali
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center MBC 03, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia A. Al-Eisa
- Department of Zoology, Female Center for Scientific and Medical Colleges, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan A. Omer
- Department of Zoology, Female Center for Scientific and Medical Colleges, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinab K. Hassan
- Department of Zoology, Female Center for Scientific and Medical Colleges, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
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Masuo K, Lambert GW. Relationships of adrenoceptor polymorphisms with obesity. J Obes 2011; 2011:609485. [PMID: 21603275 PMCID: PMC3092628 DOI: 10.1155/2011/609485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes are rapidly growing public health problems. Heightened sympathetic nerve activity is a well-established observation in obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Human obesity, hypertension, and diabetes have strong genetic as well as environmental determinants. Reduced energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate are predictive of weight gain, and the sympathetic nervous system participates in regulating energy balance through thermogenesis. The thermogenic effects of catecholamines in obesity are mainly mediated via the β2, and β3-adrenergic receptors in humans. Further, β2-adrenoceptors importantly influence vascular reactivity and may regulate blood pressure. β-adrenoceptor polymorphisms have also been associated with adrenoceptor desensitization, increased adiposity, insulin resistance, and enhanced sympathetic nervous activity. Many epidemiological studies have shown strong relationships between adrenoceptor polymorphisms and obesity, but the observations have been discordant. This paper will discuss the current topics involving the influence of the sympathetic nervous system and β2- and β3-adrenoceptor polymorphisms in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Masuo
- Nucleus Network, Ltd, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Human Neurotransmitter Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- *Kazuko Masuo:
| | - Gavin W. Lambert
- Human Neurotransmitter Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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Masuo K. Roles of beta2- and beta3-adrenoceptor polymorphisms in hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Int J Hypertens 2010; 2010:832821. [PMID: 20981286 PMCID: PMC2963125 DOI: 10.4061/2010/832821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension, diabetes mellitus (especially type 2 diabetes mellitus), metabolic syndrome and obesity are rapidly growing public health problems. Sympathetic nerve activation is observed in obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, which have strong genetic as well as environmental determinants. Reduced energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate are predictive of weight gain, and the sympathetic nervous system participates in regulating energy balance through thermogenesis. The thermogenic effects of catecholamines in obesity have been mainly mediated via the β2- and β3-adrenergic receptors in humans. Further, β2-adrenoceptors importantly influence vascular reactivity and may regulate blood pressure. Genetic polymorphistns of the β-adrenoceptor gene have been shown to alter the function of several adrenoceptor subtypes and thus to modify the response to catecholamine. β2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms (Arg16Gly, Gln27Glu, and Thr164Ile) have been studied in relation to hypertension. Genetic variations in the β3-adrenoceptor (i.e. Try64Arg variant) are also associated with both obesity and hypertension. However, the precise relationships of the polymorphisms of β2- and β3-adrenoceptor genes with sympathetic nervous system activity, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome have not been fully clarified. This paper will discuss the current topics involving the influence of the sympathetic nervous system and β2- and β3- adrenoceptor polymorphisms in hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Masuo
- Nucleus Network Ltd. and Human Neurotransmitter Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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Chen W, Srinivasan SR, Hallman DM, Berenson GS. The relationship between birthweight and longitudinal changes of blood pressure is modulated by beta-adrenergic receptor genes: the Bogalusa Heart Study. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:543514. [PMID: 20467565 PMCID: PMC2868188 DOI: 10.1155/2010/543514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the genetic influence of beta-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms (beta(2)-AR Arg16Gly and beta(3)-AR Trp64Arg) on the relationship of birthweight to longitudinal changes of blood pressure (BP) from childhood to adulthood in 224 black and 515 white adults, aged 21-47 years, enrolled in the Bogalusa Heart Study. Blacks showed significantly lower birthweight and frequencies of beta(2)-AR Gly16 and beta(3)-AR Trp64 alleles and higher BP levels and age-related trends than whites. In multivariable regression analyses using race-adjusted BP and birthweight, low birthweight was associated with greater increase in age-related trend of systolic BP (standardized regression coefficient beta = -0.09, P = .002) and diastolic BP (beta = -0.07, P = .037) in the combined sample of blacks and whites, adjusting for the first BP measurement in childhood, sex, age, and gestational age. Adjustment for the current body mass index strengthened the birthweight-BP association. Importantly, the strength of the association, measured as regression coefficients, was modulated by the combination of beta(2)-AR and beta(3)-AR genotypes for systolic (P = .042 for interaction) and diastolic BP age-related trend (P = .039 for interaction), with blacks and whites showing a similar trend in the interaction. These findings indicate that the intrauterine programming of BP regulation later in life depends on beta-AR genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Health, Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Sathanur R. Srinivasan
- Center for Cardiovascular Health, Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - D. Michael Hallman
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gerald S. Berenson
- Center for Cardiovascular Health, Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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20
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The role of sympathetic nervous activity in renal injury and end-stage renal disease. Hypertens Res 2010; 33:521-8. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2010.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Hattori A, Mawatari K, Tsuzuki S, Yoshioka E, Toda S, Yoshida M, Yasui S, Furukawa H, Morishima M, Ono K, Ohnishi T, Nakano M, Harada N, Takahashi A, Nakaya Y. Beta-adrenergic-AMPK pathway phosphorylates acetyl-CoA carboxylase in a high-epinephrine rat model, SPORTS. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18:48-54. [PMID: 19444233 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We established a new animal model called SPORTS (Spontaneously-Running Tokushima-Shikoku) rats, which show high-epinephrine (Epi) levels. Recent reports show that Epi activates adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in adipocytes. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is the rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid synthesis, and the enzymatic activity is suppressed when its Ser-79 is phosphorylated by AMPK. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo effect of Epi on ACC and abdominal visceral fat accumulation. We divided both 6-week male control and SPORTS rats into two groups, which were fed either normal diet or high fat and sucrose (HFS) diet for 16 weeks. At the end of diet treatment, retroperitoneal fat was collected for western blotting and histological analysis. Food intake was not different among the groups, but SPORTS rats showed significantly lower weight gain than control rats in both diet groups. After 10 weeks of diet treatment, glucose tolerance tests (GTTs) revealed that SPORTS rats had increased insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, SPORTS rats had lower quantities of both abdominal fat and plasma triglyceride (TG). In abdominal fat, elevated ACC Ser-79 phosphorylation was observed in SPORTS rats and suppressed by an antagonist of beta-adrenergic receptor (AR), propranolol, or an inhibitor of AMPK, Compound C. From these results, high level of Epi induced ACC phosphorylation mediated through beta-AR and AMPK signaling pathways in abdominal visceral fat of SPORTS rats, which may contribute to reduce abdominal visceral fat accumulation and increase insulin sensitivity. Our results suggest that beta-AR-regulated ACC activity would be a target for treating lifestyle-related diseases, such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hattori
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Yamakita M, Ando D, Tang S, Yamagata Z. The Trp64Arg Polymorphism of the β3-adrenergic Receptor Gene is Associated with Weight Changes in obese Japanese Men: A 4-year Follow-up Study. J Physiol Anthropol 2010; 29:133-9. [DOI: 10.2114/jpa2.29.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Witter FR, Zimmerman AW, Reichmann JP, Connors SL. In utero beta 2 adrenergic agonist exposure and adverse neurophysiologic and behavioral outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 201:553-9. [PMID: 19961985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Beta 2 adrenergic receptor overstimulation during critical periods of prenatal development can induce a permanent shift in the balance of sympathetic-to-parasympathetic tone. This is a biologically plausible mechanism whereby beta 2 adrenergic agonists can induce functional and behavioral teratogenesis, which explains their association with increases in autism spectrum disorders, psychiatric disorders, poor cognitive, motor function and school performance, and changes in blood pressure in the offspring. The use of beta 2 adrenergic agonists should be limited to proven indications when alternate drugs are ineffective or unavailable; the risks of untreated disease to the mother and fetus are greater than the risk of the beta 2 adrenergic agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank R Witter
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Jensen MK, Nielsen M, Koefoed P, Nielsen HB, Ullum H, Haastrup E, Romner B, Moltke FB, Olsen NV. Haplotype structure of the β2-adrenergic receptor gene in 814 Danish Caucasian subjects and association with body mass index. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2009; 69:801-8. [DOI: 10.3109/00365510903301536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Fitzgerald PJ. Is elevated noradrenaline an aetiological factor in a number of diseases? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 29:143-56. [PMID: 19740085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-8665.2009.00442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
1 Here I put forth the hypothesis that noradrenaline (NA), which is a signalling molecule in the brain and sympathetic nervous system (SNS), is an aetiological factor in a number of diseases. 2 In a previous paper (Fitzgerald, Int. J. Cancer, 124, 2009, 257), I examined evidence that elevated NA is a factor in various types of cancer. Here I extend the argument to several other diseases, including diabetes mellitus, open-angle glaucoma, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis and asthma. 3 The principal hypothesis is that, largely as a result of genetics, elevated noradrenergic tone in the SNS predisposes a large number of individuals to a broad range of diseases. 4 For each of the above five diseases, I briefly examine the following four lines of evidence to assess the hypothesis: i) whether pharmacological studies in rodents that manipulate NA levels or receptors affect these diseases; ii) whether pharmacological manipulation of NA in humans affects these diseases; iii) whether bipolar disorder, excessive body weight, and hypertension, which may all three involve elevated NA, tend to be comorbid with these diseases and iv) whether psychological stressors tend to cause or exacerbate these conditions, since psychological stress is associated with increased release of NA. 5 The four lines of evidence tend to support the hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Fitzgerald
- The Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, 338 Krieger Hall, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Masuo K, Straznicky NE, Lambert GW, Katsuya T, Sugimoto K, Rakugi H, Socratous F, Hastings J, Lambert EA, Ogihara T, Esler MD. Leptin-receptor polymorphisms relate to obesity through blunted leptin-mediated sympathetic nerve activation in a Caucasian male population. Hypertens Res 2008; 31:1093-100. [PMID: 18716356 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.31.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Leptin plays a key role in the regulation of body weight through the sympathetic nervous system; however, the contributions of leptin-receptor polymorphisms to obesity and sympathetic nerve activity have not been fully clarified. In the present study, we examined the relationships between leptin-receptor polymorphisms, plasma leptin and whole-body norepinephrine (NE) spillover as an index of sympathetic nerve activity in a Caucasian male cohort. In 129 young healthy normotensive men with a wide range of body mass index (BMI) (19.4-39.5 kg/m(2)), we measured leptin-receptor polymorphisms (Gln223Arg, Lys656Asn, and Lys109Arg), plasma leptin levels, whole-body NE spillover, whole-body NE clearance, BMI and blood pressure (BP) levels in the supine position after overnight fasting. Overweight-obese (BMI>or=25 kg/m(2)) subjects had significantly greater BMI, BP levels, plasma leptin and whole-body NE spillover compared to lean (BMI<25 kg/m(2)) subjects, but the NE clearance was similar. Overweight-obese subjects had significantly higher frequencies of the Arg223 allele and the Arg223 homozygous allele of Gln223Arg and the Asn656 allele of Lys656Asn compared to lean subjects. Subjects carrying the Arg223 homozygous or the Asn656 allele had higher levels of plasma leptin, BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio, but significantly less whole-body NE spillover, especially when they were also overweight-obese. BP levels and whole-body NE clearance were similar between subjects with and without the Arg223 homozygous or Asn656 allele. No differences were found in the distributions of the Arg109 allele of Lys109Arg polymorphism between nonobese and overweight-obese subjects. In addition, BMI, BP, plasma leptin levels, whole-body NE spillover and whole-body NE clearance were similar between those with and without the Arg109 allele. Together, these findings demonstrate that leptin-receptor polymorphisms were related to the incidence of obesity in a Caucasian male population. These polymorphisms were accompanied by high plasma leptin levels (leptin resistance) and lower whole-body plasma NE spillover (blunted sympathetic nerve activity). We therefore hypothesize that leptin-receptor play a role in the development of obesity through leptin resistance and blunted leptin-mediated sympathetic nerve activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Masuo
- Human Neurotransmitter Laboratory, Baker Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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