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Oouchi Y, Watanabe M, Ida Y, Ohguro H, Hikage F. Rosiglitasone and ROCK Inhibitors Modulate Fibrogenetic Changes in TGF-β2 Treated Human Conjunctival Fibroblasts (HconF) in Different Manners. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147335. [PMID: 34298955 PMCID: PMC8307967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The effects of Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) 1 and 2 inhibitor, ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate (Rip), ROCK2 inhibitor, KD025 or rosiglitazone (Rosi) on two-dimension (2D) and three-dimension (3D) cultured human conjunctival fibroblasts (HconF) treated by transforming growth factor (TGFβ2) were studied. Methods: Two-dimension and three-dimension cultured HconF were examined by transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER, 2D), size and stiffness (3D), and the expression of the extracellular matrix (ECM) including collagen1 (COL1), COL4 and COL6, fibronectin (FN), and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) by quantitative PCR (2D, 3D) in the presence of Rip, KD025 or Rosi. Results: TGFβ2 caused a significant increase in (1) the TEER values (2D) which were greatly reduced by Rosi, (2) the stiffness of the 3D organoids which were substantially reduced by Rip or KD025, and (3) TGFβ2 induced a significant up-regulation of all ECMs, except for COL6 (2D) or αSMA (3D), and down-regulation of COL6 (2D). Rosi caused a significant up-regulation of COL1, 4 and 6 (3D), and down-regulation of COL6 (2D) and αSMA (3D). Most of these TGFβ2-induced expressions in the 2D and αSMA in the 3D were substantially inhibited by KD025, but COL4 and αSMA in 2D were further enhanced by Rip. Conclusion: The findings reported herein indicate that TGFβ2 induces an increase in fibrogenetic changes on the plane and in the spatial space, and are inhibited by Rosi and ROCK inhibitors, respectively.
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Nesti L, Tricò D, Mengozzi A, Natali A. Rethinking pioglitazone as a cardioprotective agent: a new perspective on an overlooked drug. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:109. [PMID: 34006325 PMCID: PMC8130304 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 1985, the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone has been widely used as an insulin sensitizer drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although fluid retention was early recognized as a safety concern, data from clinical trials have not provided conclusive evidence for a benefit or a harm on cardiac function, leaving the question unanswered. We reviewed the available evidence encompassing both in vitro and in vivo studies in tissues, isolated organs, animals and humans, including the evidence generated by major clinical trials. Despite the increased risk of hospitalization for heart failure due to fluid retention, pioglitazone is consistently associated with reduced risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke both in primary and secondary prevention, without any proven direct harm on the myocardium. Moreover, it reduces atherosclerosis progression, in-stent restenosis after coronary stent implantation, progression rate from persistent to permanent atrial fibrillation, and reablation rate in diabetic patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation. In fact, human and animal studies consistently report direct beneficial effects on cardiomyocytes electrophysiology, energetic metabolism, ischemia–reperfusion injury, cardiac remodeling, neurohormonal activation, pulmonary circulation and biventricular systo-diastolic functions. The mechanisms involved may rely either on anti-remodeling properties (endothelium protective, inflammation-modulating, anti-proliferative and anti-fibrotic properties) and/or on metabolic (adipose tissue metabolism, increased HDL cholesterol) and neurohormonal (renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system, and adiponectin) modulation of the cardiovascular system. With appropriate prescription and titration, pioglitazone remains a useful tool in the arsenal of the clinical diabetologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Nesti
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy. .,Cardiopulmonary Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Domenico Tricò
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mengozzi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Natali
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Cardiopulmonary Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Sánchez-Recillas A, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Hidalgo-Figueroa S, Bonilla-Hernández M, Ortiz-Andrade R, Ibarra-Barajas M, Yáñez-Pérez V, Sánchez-Salgado JC. Pharmacological characterization of the cardiovascular effect of Nibethione: ex vivo, in vivo and in silico studies. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1186-1198. [PMID: 32500554 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work describes the vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects and the mechanism of action on vascular smooth muscle cells of Nibethione, a synthetic thiazolidinedione derivative. Additionally, evidence of its cytotoxicity is assessed. METHODS Nibethione (NB) was synthesized, and its vasorelaxant effect and mechanism of action were assessed through ex vivo experiments. Molecular docking studies were used to predict the mode of interaction with L-type Ca2+ channel, and in vivo antihypertensive activity was assayed on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The cytotoxicity potential was evaluated in porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAECs) from primary explants. KEY FINDINGS Nibethione vasorelaxant effect was efficient on KCl (80 mm) and NE-contraction. This effect was deleteriously modified in the presence of potassium channel block drugs, while the maximal contraction induced with NE was significantly decreased by NB; the CaCl2 -induced contraction was abolished entirely. In vivo experiments showed that NB decreased diastolic blood pressure in 20.3 % after its administration on SHR. The molecular docking showed that NB blocks L-type Ca2+ channel, and in vitro tests showed that NB did not produce cytotoxic activity on PAECs (IC50 >1000 µm). CONCLUSIONS Nibethione showed in vivo antihypertensive and ex vivo vasorelaxant effects with implication of voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channel blocking, and this may contribute to the research of novel antihypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Sánchez-Recillas
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Sergio Hidalgo-Figueroa
- CONACyT, IPICYT/Consorcio de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para las Zonas Áridas, San Luis Potosí, México
| | | | - Rolffy Ortiz-Andrade
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Maximiliano Ibarra-Barajas
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, México
| | - Víctor Yáñez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
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Interplay between the renin-angiotensin system, the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ in hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 20:62. [PMID: 29884931 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heterogeneous causes can determinate hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has a major role in the pathophysiology of blood pressure. Angiotensin II and aldosterone are overexpressed during hypertension and lead to hypertension development and its cardiovascular complications. In several tissues, the overactivation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway leads to inactivation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), while PPARγ stimulation induces a decrease of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. In hypertension, the WNT/β-catenin pathway is upregulated, whereas PPARγ is decreased. The WNT/β-catenin pathway and RAS regulate positively each other during hypertension, whereas PPARγ agonists can decrease the expression of both the WNT/β-catenin pathway and RAS. We focus this review on the hypothesis of an opposite interplay between PPARγ and both the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and RAS in regulating the molecular mechanism underlying hypertension. The interactions between PPARγ and the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway through the regulation of the renin-angiotensin system in hypertension may be an interesting way to better understand the actions and the effects of PPARγ agonists as antihypertensive drugs.
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Yu Y, Xue BJ, Wei SG, Zhang ZH, Beltz TG, Guo F, Johnson AK, Felder RB. Activation of central PPAR-γ attenuates angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Hypertension 2015; 66:403-11. [PMID: 26101342 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and renin-angiotensin system activity in the brain contribute to hypertension through effects on fluid intake, vasopressin release, and sympathetic nerve activity. We recently reported that activation of brain peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ in heart failure rats reduced inflammation and renin-angiotensin system activity in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and ameliorated the peripheral manifestations of heart failure. We hypothesized that the activation of brain PPAR-γ might have beneficial effects in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Sprague-Dawley rats received a 2-week subcutaneous infusion of angiotensin II (120 ng/kg per minute) combined with a continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of vehicle, the PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone (3 nmol/h) or the PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 (7 nmol/h). Angiotensin II+vehicle rats had increased mean blood pressure, increased sympathetic drive as indicated by the mean blood pressure response to ganglionic blockade, and increased water consumption. PPAR-γ mRNA in subfornical organ and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus was unchanged, but PPAR-γ DNA-binding activity was reduced. mRNA for interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, cyclooxygenase-2, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor was augmented in both nuclei, and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neuronal activity was increased. The plasma vasopressin response to a 6-hour water restriction also increased. These responses to angiotensin II were exacerbated by GW9662 and ameliorated by pioglitazone, which increased PPAR-γ mRNA and PPAR-γ DNA-binding activity in subfornical organ and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Pioglitazone and GW9662 had no effects on control rats. The results suggest that activating brain PPAR-γ to reduce central inflammation and brain renin-angiotensin system activity may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of angiotensin II-dependent hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine (Y.Y., S.-G.W., Z.-H.Z., R.B.F.) and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences (B.-.J.X., T.G.B., F.G., A.K.J.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (R.B.F.)
| | - Bao-Jian Xue
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine (Y.Y., S.-G.W., Z.-H.Z., R.B.F.) and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences (B.-.J.X., T.G.B., F.G., A.K.J.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (R.B.F.)
| | - Shun-Guang Wei
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine (Y.Y., S.-G.W., Z.-H.Z., R.B.F.) and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences (B.-.J.X., T.G.B., F.G., A.K.J.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (R.B.F.)
| | - Zhi-Hua Zhang
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine (Y.Y., S.-G.W., Z.-H.Z., R.B.F.) and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences (B.-.J.X., T.G.B., F.G., A.K.J.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (R.B.F.)
| | - Terry G Beltz
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine (Y.Y., S.-G.W., Z.-H.Z., R.B.F.) and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences (B.-.J.X., T.G.B., F.G., A.K.J.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (R.B.F.)
| | - Fang Guo
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine (Y.Y., S.-G.W., Z.-H.Z., R.B.F.) and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences (B.-.J.X., T.G.B., F.G., A.K.J.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (R.B.F.)
| | - Alan Kim Johnson
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine (Y.Y., S.-G.W., Z.-H.Z., R.B.F.) and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences (B.-.J.X., T.G.B., F.G., A.K.J.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (R.B.F.)
| | - Robert B Felder
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine (Y.Y., S.-G.W., Z.-H.Z., R.B.F.) and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences (B.-.J.X., T.G.B., F.G., A.K.J.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (R.B.F.).
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Luo YH, Ouyang PB, Tian J, Guo XJ, Duan XC. Rosiglitazone inhibits TGF-β 1 induced activation of human Tenon fibroblasts via p38 signal pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105796. [PMID: 25144187 PMCID: PMC4140818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Transdifferentiation of human Tenon fibroblasts to myofibroblasts and subsequent deposition of extracellular matrix is a key step in the scarring after glaucoma filtration surgery. The p38 signaling pathway plays an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation, and its upstream regulators and downstream molecules are widely distributed in the eye. We aimed to investigate the role of p38 in the activation of Tenon fibroblasts and that of the anti-fibrotic mechanism of rosiglitazone in the modulation of the p38 signaling pathway. Methods Cultured Tenon fibroblasts were stimulated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Activation of p38 was examined by western blot analysis. Rosiglitazone and blocking of the p38 signaling pathway by SB203580 were used to antagonize stimulation by TGF-β1. Fibroblast motility was examined by wound closure assay; alpha-smooth muscle actin, connective tissue growth factor, and collagen type I were determined by qPCR and western blot. Expression and localization of alpha-smooth muscle actin were determined by immunofluorescence staining. Results Phosphorylated p38 was upregulated in fibroblasts stimulated with TGF-β1, and this effect was substantially inhibited by rosiglitazone. Proliferation and migration of fibroblasts were suppressed by rosiglitazone and SB203580. Expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, connective tissue growth factor, and collagen type I were decreased at the mRNA and protein levels by rosiglitazone and SB203580. However, the inhibitory effect of SB203580 on transcription and protein expression was weaker than that of rosiglitazone. Similar phenomena were found on immunofluorescence microscopy of alpha-smooth muscle actin. Conclusions The p38 signaling pathway mediates the TGF-β1-induced transdifferentiation of human Tenon fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Rosiglitazone can exert anti-fibrotic activity by interfering with the TGF-β/p38 signaling pathway and might be useful for modulating scar formation after glaucoma filtration surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Heng Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ping-Bo Ouyang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiao Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xuan-Chu Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Lendeckel U, Wolke C, Goette A. PPAR-γ activation limits angiotensin II-mediated atrial remodeling: One drug fits all AF patients? J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 66:165-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sanchis-Gomar F, Pareja-Galeano H, Martinez-Bello VE. PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone does not enhance performance in mice. Drug Test Anal 2013; 6:922-9. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Valencia, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA; Spain
| | - Helios Pareja-Galeano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Valencia, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA; Spain
| | - Vladimir E. Martinez-Bello
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Teaching; University of Valencia; Spain
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Zhong M, Alonso CE, Taegtmeyer H, Kundu BK. Quantitative PET imaging detects early metabolic remodeling in a mouse model of pressure-overload left ventricular hypertrophy in vivo. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:609-15. [PMID: 23426760 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.108092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED We proposed that metabolic remodeling in the form of increased uptake of the myocardial glucose analog (18)F-FDG precedes and triggers the onset of severe contractile dysfunction in pressure-overload left ventricular hypertrophy in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we used a mouse model of transverse aortic constriction (TAC) together with PET and assessed serial changes in cardiac metabolism and function over 7 d. METHODS Scans of 16 C57BL/6 male mice were obtained using a small-animal PET device under sevoflurane anesthesia. A 10-min transmission scan was followed by a 60-min dynamic (18)F-FDG PET scan with cardiac and respiratory gating. Blood glucose levels were measured before and after the emission scan. TAC and sham surgeries were performed after baseline imaging. Osmotic mini pumps containing either propranolol (5 mg/kg/d) or vehicle alone were implanted subcutaneously at the end of surgery. Subsequent scans were taken at days 1 and 7 after surgery. A compartment model, in which the blood input function with spillover and partial-volume corrections and the metabolic rate constants in a 3-compartment model are simultaneously estimated, was used to determine the net myocardial (18)F-FDG influx constant, Ki. The rate of myocardial glucose utilization, rMGU, was also computed. Estimations of the ejection fractions were based on the high-resolution gated PET images. RESULTS Mice undergoing TAC surgery exhibited an increase in the Ki (580%) and glucose utilization the day after surgery, indicating early adaptive response. On day 7, the ejection fraction had decreased by 24%, indicating a maladaptive response. Average Ki increases were not linearly associated with increases in rMGU. Ki exceeded rMGU by 29% in the TAC mice. TAC mice treated with propranolol attenuated the rate of (18)F-FDG uptake, diminished mismatch between Ki and rMGU (9%), and rescued cardiac function. CONCLUSION Metabolic maladaptation precedes the onset of severe contractile dysfunction. Both are prevented by treatment with propranolol. The early detection of metabolic remodeling may offer a metabolic target for modulation of hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhong
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Wang L, Li H, Yang S. Role of oxygen free radicals in the proliferation of myofibroblasts induced by AngII. Acta Pharm Sin B 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Takahashi N, Kume O, Wakisaka O, Teshima Y, Hara M, Saikawa T. New therapeutic target for the non-electrophysiological signaling in atrial fibrosis and fibrillation such as inflammation. J Arrhythm 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joa.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Elrashidy RA, Asker ME, Mohamed HE. Beneficial effects of pioglitazone against cardiovascular injury are enhanced by combination with aliskiren in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:862-71. [PMID: 22571265 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01508.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aliskiren is the first in a new class of orally active direct renin inhibitors, approved for the treatment of hypertension. However, the efficacy of aliskiren in diabetic cardiovascular complications remains to be defined. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that aliskiren may enhance the beneficial effects of pioglitazone against cardiovascular injury associated with diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Diabetic nephropathy was induced in rats by unilateral nephrectomy followed by streptozotocin injection. Diabetic nephropathic rats were orally given vehicle, pioglitazone, aliskiren, or combined pioglitazone and aliskiren for four weeks to compare their effects on cardiovascular injury, particularly myocardial fibrosis. KEY FINDINGS Pioglitazone treatment significantly attenuated cardiac lipid peroxidation, oxidative injury and myocardial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathic rats. This was associated with up-regulation of transforming growth factor-β1 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 genes, along with down-regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 gene in cardiac tissue. The combination of aliskiren with pioglitazone exerted greater beneficial effect than monotherapy with either drug, on all the aforementioned parameters. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that aliskiren enhanced the protective effects of pioglitazone against myocardial fibrosis, in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Thus, the combination of aliskiren and pioglitazone may be a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular injury associated with diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania A Elrashidy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Sharkia Gov., Zagazig, Egypt.
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Elrashidy RA, Asker ME, Mohamed HE. Pioglitazone Attenuates Cardiac Fibrosis and Hypertrophy in a Rat Model of Diabetic Nephropathy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2012; 17:324-33. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248411431581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rania A. Elrashidy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mervat E. Asker
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hoda E. Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Fan F, Li Y, Duan X, Zhao T, Pan D, Chen H. Rosiglitazone attenuates activation of human Tenon's fibroblasts induced by transforming growth factor-β1. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012; 250:1213-20. [PMID: 22215258 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-011-1903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the influence of rosiglitazone on activation of human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs) and to access the possible mechanism. METHODS Cultured human Tenon's fibroblasts were pretreated in two different concentrations of rosiglitazone (5 μmol/l and 10 μmol/l) before being stimulated with 5 ng/ml transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). The viability and proliferation of cells were accessed by cell count kit-8 assay; Cell migration was examined by the wound closure assay; Alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and type I collagen (COL I) transcription were detected by RT-qPCR; The expression and localization of α-SMA protein were examined by Western-blot analysis and Immunofluorescence staining; Western-blot analysis was also used to check the expression of CTGF, COL I peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), and phosphorylation of the signaling protein Smad2/3 RESULTS Rosiglitazone is able to attenuate the up-regulation of α-SMA, CTGF, and COL I transcription, as well as affect protein expression, proliferation, and migration of cells; rosiglitazone also can increase PPAR-γ expression and attenuate Smad2/3 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Rosiglitazone can effectively attenuate activation of HTFs induced by TGF-β1 without obvious toxicity. The possible mechanism might be that rosiglitazone interferes with TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China
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Pang W, Li N, Ai D, Niu XL, Guan YF, Zhu Y. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ downregulates soluble epoxide hydrolase in cardiomyocytes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 38:358-64. [PMID: 21291492 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
1. The antidiabetic agents, thiazolidinediones (TZD), ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), have been reported to reduce cardiac hypertrophy. However, the underlying mechanism is still elusive. 2. We previously reported that soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) was specifically upregulated by angiotensin-II (AngII), which directly mediated AngII-induced cardiac hypertrophy. In the present study, we examined the role of sEH in PPARγ inhibiting AngII-induced cardiac hypertrophy. 3. The protein level of sEH was elevated in the left ventricle of AngII-infused Sprague-Dawley rats. Administration of the TZD rosiglitazone decreased this induction. In vitro, AngII upregulated the expression of sEH and hypertrophy markers, including atrial natriuretic factor and β-myosin heavy chain, in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cells, which was attenuated by rosiglitazone and pioglitazone. An elevated level of sEH was also found in the left ventricle of heterozygous PPARγ-deficient mice. The effect of TZD on sEH level could be reversed by treatment with the PPARγ antagonists, GW9662 and BADGE, which suggests PPARγ activation. In elucidating the mechanisms by which PPARγ inhibited AngII-induced sEH expression, we found that rosiglitazone inhibited AngII-induced sEH promoter activity in H9c2 cells. In contrast, the activity of the human sEH 3'UTR was not affected by AngII and TZD. 4. Our results suggest that the protective role of PPARγ activation in AngII-induced cardiac hypertrophy is, at least in part, through downregulating sEH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Education Ministry, Beijing, China
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17
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Pioglitazone attenuates inflammatory atrial fibrosis and vulnerability to atrial fibrillation induced by pressure overload in rats. Heart Rhythm 2011; 8:278-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2010.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Pioglitazone inhibits TGFβ induced keratocyte transformation to myofibroblast and extracellular matrix production. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:4501-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Li P, Shibata R, Unno K, Shimano M, Furukawa M, Ohashi T, Cheng X, Nagata K, Ouchi N, Murohara T. Evidence for the importance of adiponectin in the cardioprotective effects of pioglitazone. Hypertension 2009; 55:69-75. [PMID: 19933924 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.141655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The favorable effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand pioglitazone on glucose metabolism are associated with an increase in the fat-derived hormone adiponectin in the bloodstream. A recent clinical trial, Prospective Pioglitazone Clinical Trial in Macrovascular Events, demonstrated that pioglitazone improved cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the functional role of adiponectin in cardioprotection by pioglitazone has not been examined experimentally. Here we investigated the effect of pioglitazone on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac hypertrophy and assessed the potential contribution of adiponectin to the action of pioglitazone on the heart. Wild-type or adiponectin-deficient mice were treated with pioglitazone as food admixture at a concentration of 0.01% for 1 week followed by 2 weeks of infusion with Ang II at 3.2 mg/kg per day. Ang II infusion in wild-type mice resulted in exacerbated myocyte hypertrophy and increased interstitial fibrosis, which were accompanied by elevated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 in the heart. Treatment of wild-type mice with pioglitazone attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, and transforming growth factor-beta1 expression in response to Ang II. Pioglitazone also increased the plasma adiponectin level and phosphorylation of cardiac AMP-activated protein kinase in wild-type mice in the presence of Ang II. The suppressive effects of pioglitazone on Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were diminished in adiponectin-deficient mice. Furthermore, pioglitazone had no effects on the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and AMP-activated protein kinase in the Ang II-infused heart of adiponectin-deficient mice. These data provide direct evidence that pioglitazone protects against Ang II-induced pathological cardiac remodeling via an adiponectin-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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