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Ugochukwu IC, Luca I, Odigie AE, Njoga EO, Sani NA, Enam JS, Rhimi W, Muhammad ST, Abubakar A, Wakawa AM, Otuh P, Adebiyi T, Nwufoh OC, Udeani I, Oyeleye T, Jarikre TA, Idris SY, Bada A, Shehu Z, Tola A, Okonkwo C, Egwuogu CF, Njoku UN, Ocheja OB, Dzongor J, Grema B, Ibrahim NDG, Njoku COI, Sackey AKB, Emikpe BO, Yunusa A, Ihedioha JI, Jahun BM, Udegbunam SO, Shoyinka SVO. Survey of Animal Neoplastic Cases Diagnosed in Nigerian Veterinary Teaching Hospitals, 2000-2017. Vet Sci 2024; 11:175. [PMID: 38668442 PMCID: PMC11054526 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Incidence data from 17-year veterinary neoplasm surveillance and registration were reviewed. Most of the neoplastic cases diagnosed in Nigerian veterinary teaching hospitals (VTHs) were in the avian (49%) and canine species (44%). Fewer cases were recorded in the equine (3.2%), bovine (2.4%), ovine (1.5%), caprine (0.3%) and porcine (0.15%) species. Marek's disease was the most prevalently diagnosed neoplastic disease of domestic animals in Nigerian VTHs from 2000-2017. Also, the Nigerian local breed had a higher mean distribution than any other dog breed and this was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Nearly all of the neoplastic cases diagnosed, were found in females (60.4%) and so the mean distribution of sex was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The digestive system, with 296 (46.25%) cases, was the anatomic location where the majority of the neoplastic cases were found. However, the mean distribution of different neoplastic anatomic sites was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, little emphasis is given to the appropriate diagnosis and recording of neoplastic cases that are diagnosed. The study provides information regarding the prevalence and distribution of tumours in different animal species consulted in Nigeria veterinary teaching hospitals. To illustrate all of this, ArcGIS software was used. Veterinary clinicians, pathologists and epidemiologists from Nigeria may benefit from the results of this study by freely accessing some specific data regarding the breed, the age group or the gender of some animal species diagnosed with different tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iniobong Chukwuebuka Ugochukwu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (I.C.U.); (J.I.I.); (S.V.O.S.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Universita degli Studi di Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy; (A.E.O.); (W.R.)
| | - Iasmina Luca
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I”, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Amienwanlen Eugene Odigie
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Universita degli Studi di Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy; (A.E.O.); (W.R.)
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Benin, Benin City 300238, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Okechukwu Njoga
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria;
| | - Nuhu Abdulazeez Sani
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Abuja, Gwagwalada Federal Capital Territory, Abuja 900105, Nigeria;
| | - James Samson Enam
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Nigeria; (J.S.E.); (S.Y.I.); (N.D.G.I.); (C.O.I.N.)
| | - Wafa Rhimi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Universita degli Studi di Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy; (A.E.O.); (W.R.)
| | - Sa’idu Tanko Muhammad
- Zaria Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Nigeria; (S.T.M.); (A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Abdussamad Abubakar
- Zaria Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Nigeria; (S.T.M.); (A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Aliyu Mohammed Wakawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Nigeria; (A.M.W.); (A.K.B.S.); (B.M.J.)
| | - Patricia Otuh
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike 440101, Nigeria;
| | - Taiwo Adebiyi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria;
| | | | - Ikechukwu Udeani
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (I.U.); (T.O.); (S.O.U.)
| | - Tosin Oyeleye
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (I.U.); (T.O.); (S.O.U.)
| | | | - Sheriff Yusuf Idris
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Nigeria; (J.S.E.); (S.Y.I.); (N.D.G.I.); (C.O.I.N.)
| | - Abdulaziz Bada
- Zaria Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Nigeria; (S.T.M.); (A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Zaid Shehu
- Usmanu Dan Fodio University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Sokoto 840101, Nigeria; (Z.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Ajadi Tola
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta 111101, Nigeria;
| | - Chidi Okonkwo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike 440101, Nigeria;
| | - Chioma Frances Egwuogu
- Veterinary Teaching Hospita, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike 440101, Nigeria;
| | - Uchechukwu Nnanna Njoku
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike 440101, Nigeria;
| | - Ohiemi Benjamin Ocheja
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Benin, Benin City 300238, Nigeria;
| | - Joel Dzongor
- Makurdi Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joseph Tarka University of Agriculture, Makurdi 970212, Nigeria; (J.D.); (B.G.)
| | - Barka Grema
- Makurdi Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joseph Tarka University of Agriculture, Makurdi 970212, Nigeria; (J.D.); (B.G.)
| | - Najume Dogowar G. Ibrahim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Nigeria; (J.S.E.); (S.Y.I.); (N.D.G.I.); (C.O.I.N.)
| | - Celestine O. I. Njoku
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Nigeria; (J.S.E.); (S.Y.I.); (N.D.G.I.); (C.O.I.N.)
| | - Anthony Kojo B. Sackey
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Nigeria; (A.M.W.); (A.K.B.S.); (B.M.J.)
| | - Benjamin O. Emikpe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria; (T.A.J.); (B.O.E.)
| | - Adamu Yunusa
- Usmanu Dan Fodio University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Sokoto 840101, Nigeria; (Z.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - John Ikechukwu Ihedioha
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (I.C.U.); (J.I.I.); (S.V.O.S.)
| | - Balarabe Magaji Jahun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Nigeria; (A.M.W.); (A.K.B.S.); (B.M.J.)
| | - Sunday O. Udegbunam
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (I.U.); (T.O.); (S.O.U.)
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Fotouh A, Shosha EAEM, Zanaty AM, Darwesh MM. Immunopathological investigation and genetic evolution of Avian leukosis virus Subgroup-J associated with myelocytomatosis in broiler flocks in Egypt. Virol J 2024; 21:83. [PMID: 38600532 PMCID: PMC11005230 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian leukosis virus Subgroup-J (ALV-J) is a rapidly oncogenic evolving retrovirus infecting a variety of avian species; causing severe economic losses to the local poultry industry. METHODS To investigate ALV-J, a total of 117 blood samples and 57 tissue specimens of different organs were collected for virological, and pathological identification, serological examinations, molecular characterization, and sequencing analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed report recorded in broiler flocks in Egypt. The present study targets the prevalence of a viral tumor disease circulating in broiler flocks in the El-Sharqia, El-Dakahliya, and Al-Qalyubiyya Egyptian governorates from 2021 to 2023 using different diagnostic techniques besides ALV-J gp85 genetic diversity determination. RESULT We first isolated ALV-J on chicken embryo rough cell culture; showing aggregation, rounding, and degeneration. Concerning egg inoculation, embryonic death, stunting, and curling were observed. Only 79 serum samples were positive for ALV-J (67.52%) based on the ELISA test. Histopathological investigation showed tumors consist of uniform masses, usually well-differentiated myelocytes, lymphoid cells, or both in the liver, spleen, and kidneys. Immunohistochemical examination showed that the myelocytomatosis-positive signals were in the spleen, liver, and kidney. The PCR assay of ALV-J gp85 confirmed 545 base pairs with only 43 positive samples (75.4%). Two positive samples were sequenced and submitted to the Genbank with accession numbers (OR509852-OR509853). Phylogenetic analysis based on the gp85 gene showed that the ALV-J Dakahlia-2 isolate is genetically related to ALV-EGY/YA 2021.3, ALV-EGY/YA 2021.4, ALV-EGY/YA 2021.14, and ALV-EGY/YA 2021.9 with amino acid identity percentage 96%, 97%; 96%, 96%; respectively. Furthermore, ALV-J Sharqia-1 isolate is highly genetically correlated to ALV-EGY/YA 2021.14, and ALV-EGY/YA 2021.9, ALV-J isolate QL1, ALV-J isolate QL4, ALV-J isolate QL3, ALV-EGY/YA 2021.4 with amino acid identity percentage 97%, 97%; 98%, 97%, 97%, 95%; respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that ALV-J infection had still been prevalent in broilers in Egypt, and the genetic characteristics of the isolates are diverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fotouh
- Pathology and Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, Kharga, Egypt
| | | | - Ali Mahmood Zanaty
- Gene Analysis Unit, Reference Laboratory for Quality Control on Poultry, Animal Health Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mostafa Darwesh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, Qaluiobiya, Egypt
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Yu M, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Wang S, Liu Y, Xu Z, Liu P, Chen Y, Guo R, Meng L, Zhang T, Fan W, Qi X, Gao L, Zhang Y, Cui H, Gao Y. N123I mutation in the ALV-J receptor-binding domain region enhances viral replication ability by increasing the binding affinity with chNHE1. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011928. [PMID: 38324558 PMCID: PMC10878525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J), a retrovirus, uses its gp85 protein to bind to the receptor, the chicken sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform 1 (chNHE1), facilitating viral invasion. ALV-J is the main epidemic subgroup and shows noteworthy mutations within the receptor-binding domain (RBD) region of gp85, especially in ALV-J layer strains in China. However, the implications of these mutations on viral replication and transmission remain elusive. In this study, the ALV-J layer strain JL08CH3-1 exhibited a more robust replication ability than the prototype strain HPRS103, which is related to variations in the gp85 protein. Notably, the gp85 of JL08CH3-1 demonstrated a heightened binding capacity to chNHE1 compared to HPRS103-gp85 binding. Furthermore, we showed that the specific N123I mutation within gp85 contributed to the enhanced binding capacity of the gp85 protein to chNHE1. Structural analysis indicated that the N123I mutation primarily enhanced the stability of gp85, expanded the interaction interface, and increased the number of hydrogen bonds at the interaction interface to increase the binding capacity between gp85 and chNHE1. We found that the N123I mutation not only improved the viral replication ability of ALV-J but also promoted viral shedding in vivo. These comprehensive data underscore the notion that the N123I mutation increases receptor binding and intensifies viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Yu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Suyan Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongzhen Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Xu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuntong Chen
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ru Guo
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lingzhai Meng
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenrui Fan
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Li Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin, China
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Cheng X, Yang J, Bi X, Yang Q, Zhou D, Zhang S, Ding L, Wang K, Hua S, Cheng Z. Molecular characteristics and pathogenicity of a Tibet-origin mutant avian leukosis virus subgroup J isolated from Tibetan chickens in China. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 109:105415. [PMID: 36775048 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Tibetan chicken is found in China Tibet (average altitude; ˃4500 m). However, little is known about avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) found in Tibetan chickens. ALV-J is a typical alpharetrovirus that causes immunosuppression and myelocytomatosis and thus seriously affects the development of the poultry industry. In this study, Tibet-origin mutant ALV-J was isolated from Tibetan chickens and named RKZ-1-RKZ-5. A Myelocytomatosis outbreak occurred in a commercial Tibetan chicken farm in Shigatse of Rikaze, Tibet, China, in March 2022. About 20% of Tibetan chickens in the farm showed severe immunosuppression, and mortality increased to 5.6%. Histopathological examination showed typical myelocytomas in various tissues. Virus isolation and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that ALV-J caused the disease. Gene-wide phylogenetic analysis showed the RKZ isolates were the original strains of the previously reported Tibetan isolates (TBC-J4 and TBC-J6) (identity; 94.5% to 94.9%). Furthermore, significant nucleotide mutations and deletions occurred in the hr1 and hr2 hypervariable regions of gp85 gene, 3'UTR, Y Box, and TATA Box of 3'LTR. Pathogenicity experiments demonstrated that the viral load, viremia, and viral shedding level were significantly higher in RKZ-1-infected chickens than in NX0101-infected chickens. Notably, RKZ-1 caused more severe cardiopulmonary damage in SPF chickens. These findings prove the origin of Tibet ALV-J and provide insights into the molecular characteristics and pathogenic ability of ALV-J in the plateau area. Therefore, this study may provide a basis for ALV-J prevention and eradication in Tibet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jianhao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiaoqing Bi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Longying Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Kang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shuhan Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China.
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Wang M, Li H, Sun X, Qiu J, Jing C, Jia H, Guo Y, Guo H. J Subgroup Avian Leukosis Virus Strain Promotes Cell Proliferation by Negatively Regulating 14-3-3σ Expressions in Chicken Fibroblast Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020404. [PMID: 36851618 PMCID: PMC9960514 DOI: 10.3390/v15020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on clarifying the regulation of chicken 14-3-3σ protein on the fibrous histiocyte proliferation caused by ALV-J-SD1005 strain infection. DF-1 cells were inoculated with 102 TCID50 of ALV-J-SD1005 strain; the cell proliferation viability was dramatically increased and 14-3-3σ expressions were dramatically decreased within 48 h after inoculation. Chicken 14-3-3σ over-expression could significantly decrease the cell proliferation and the ratio of S-phase cells, but increase the ratio of G2/M-phase cells in ALV-J-infected DF-1 cells; by contrast, chicken 14-3-3σ knockdown expression could cause the opposite effects. Additionally, chicken 14-3-3σ over-expression could also dramatically down-regulate the expressions of CDK2/CDC2, but up-regulate p53 expressions in the DF-1 cells; in contrast, the knockdown expression could significantly increase the expressions of CDK2/CDC2 and decrease p53 expressions. It can be concluded that chicken 14-3-3σ can inhibit cell proliferation and cell cycle by regulating CDK2/CDC2/p53 expressions in ALV-J-infected DF1 cells. ALV-J-SD1005 strain can promote cell proliferation by reducing 14-3-3σ expressions. This study helps to clarify the forming mechanism of acute fibrosarcoma induced by ALV-J infection.
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The Emergence, Diversification, and Transmission of Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus Reveals that the Live Chicken Trade Plays a Critical Role in the Adaption and Endemicity of Viruses to the Yellow-Chickens. J Virol 2022; 96:e0071722. [PMID: 35950858 PMCID: PMC9472763 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00717-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The geographical spread and inter-host transmission of the subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) may be the most important issues for epidemiology. An integrated analysis, including phylogenetic trees, homology modeling, evolutionary dynamics, selection analysis and viral transmission, based on the gp85 gene sequences of the 665 worldwide ALV-J isolates during 1988-2020, was performed. A new Clade 3 has been emerging and was evolved from the dominating Clade 1.3 of the Chinese Yellow-chicken, and the loss of a α-helix or β-sheet of the gp85 protein monomer was found by the homology modeling. The rapid evolution found in Clades 1.3 and 3 may be closely associated with the adaption and endemicity of viruses to the Yellow-chickens. The early U.S. strains from Clade 1.1 acted as an important source for the global spread of ALV-J and the earliest introduction into China was closely associated with the imported chicken breeders in the 1990s. The dominant outward migrations of Clades 1.1 and 1.2, respectively, from the Chinese northern White-chickens and layers to the Chinese southern Yellow-chickens, and the dominating migration of Clade 1.3 from the Chinese southern Yellow-chickens to other regions and hosts, indicated that the long-distance movement of these viruses between regions in China was associated with the live chicken trade. Furthermore, Yellow-chickens have been facing the risk of infections of the emerging Clades 2 and 3. Our findings provide new insights for the epidemiology and help to understand the critical factors involved in ALV-J dissemination. IMPORTANCE Although the general epidemiology of ALV-J is well studied, the ongoing evolutionary and transmission dynamics of the virus remain poorly investigated. The phylogenetic differences and relationship of the clades and subclades were characterized, and the epidemics and factors driving the geographical spread and inter-host transmission of different ALV-J clades were explored for the first time. The results indicated that the earliest ALV-J (Clade 1.1) from the United States, acted as the source for global spreads, and Clades 1.2, 1.3 and 3 were all subsequently evolved. Also the epidemiological investigation showed that the early imported breeders and the inter-region movements of live chickens facilitated the ALV-J dispersal throughout China and highlighted the needs to implement more effective containment measures.
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Wu X, Chu F, Zhang L, Chen S, Gao L, Zhang H, Huang H, Wang J, Chen M, Xie Z, Chen F, Zhang X, Xie Q. New rapid detection by using a constant temperature method for avian leukosis viruses. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:968559. [PMID: 36060773 PMCID: PMC9433894 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.968559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The avian leukemia virus causes avian leukemia (AL), a severe immunosuppressive disease in chickens (ALV). Since the 1990s, the diversity of ALV subpopulations caused by ALV genome variation and recombination, and the complexity of the infection and transmission, with currently no effective commercial vaccine and therapeutic for ALV, has resulted in severe economic losses to the chicken business in various parts of the world. Therefore, as a key means of prevention and control, an effective, rapid, and accurate detection method is imperative. A new real-time reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) assay for ALV with rapid, highly specific, low-cost, and simple operational characteristics have been developed in this study. Based on the amplification of 114 base pairs from the ALV P12 gene, real-time RT-RAA primers and a probe were designed for this study. The lowest detection line was 10 copies of ALV RNA molecules per response, which could be carried out at 39°C in as fastest as 5 min and completed in 30 min, with no cross-reactivity with Marek's disease virus, avian reticuloendothelial virus, Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, infectious bursal disease virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, and avian influenza virus. Furthermore, the kappa value of 0.91 (>0.81) was compared with reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for 44 clinical samples, and the coefficients of variation were within 5.18% of the repeated assays with three low-level concentration gradients. These results indicate that using a real-time RT-RAA assay to detect ALV could be a valuable method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Wu
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengsheng Chu
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luxuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liguo Gao
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haohua Huang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengjun Chen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi Xie
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xinheng Zhang
| | - Qingmei Xie
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
- Qingmei Xie
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8
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Meng F, Li Q, Han R, Xu G, Gao X, Luo F, Shen G, Liu X, Zhang Z, Zhao P, Zhang G. A study on the infection status and transmission of avian leukosis virus subgroup J in Hy-line brown roosters. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1521-1527. [PMID: 35606465 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is the most prevalent subgroup in chickens and exhibits increased pathogenicity and stronger horizontal and vertical transmission ability among different breeds. Although vertical transmission of ALV-J from infected hens through artificial insemination has been inferred from the detection of the p27 antigen in swabs and serum, there has been no further research on the transmission pattern of ALVs in roosters. In the present study, the positive rate of ALV increased significantly in an indigenous flock after detecting the p27 antigen via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and virus isolation in DF-1 cells. Viral sequence comparisons and an indirect fluorescent antibody assay showed that these isolates belonged to the ALV-J subgroup but formed a new branch in a phylogenetic tree when compared to domestic and foreign referential strains. The gp85 gene of the ALV-J isolated from hens and albumen was 94.1-99.7% identical to that in roosters, revealing that these isolates were quite likely transmitted to the hens and their offspring through the semen of ALV-infected roosters by artificial insemination from the Hy-line brown roosters. In addition, we defined four ALV-J infection states in plasma and semen of roosters (P+S+, P-S+, P+S-, and P-S-), which suggests that, in order to eradicate ALV in roosters, it is necessary to perform virus isolation using both semen and plasma. Additionally, ALV detection in semen by ELISA produced false-positive and false-negative results when compared to virus isolation in DF-1 cells. Collectively, our results suggested that an incomplete process of eradication of ALV from ALV-positive roosters led to the sporadic presence of ALV-J in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfeng Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuchen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Han
- TECON Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xinjiang, China
| | - Guanlong Xu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xintao Gao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Fubing Luo
- Beijing Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guangnian Shen
- Beijing Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Beijing Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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9
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Interaction between avian leukosis virus subgroup J surface protein and doublecortin-like kinase 1 accelerates cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Virol 2022; 96:e0165721. [PMID: 35080427 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01657-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) induces myelocytomas, which can metastasize to multiple organs in diseased chicken. Although metastasis is the primary cause of death in such cases, the mechanism for it remains unclear. Here, we found that interaction between ALV-J surface protein (SU) and doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell proliferation. We found that ALV-J can activate EMT in infected cells. Subsequently, proteomics analysis revealed that DCLK1, a well-established putative tumor stem cell marker, which is highly expressed in ALV-J-infected DF-1 cells and chickens, might be a potential factor mediating EMT. Furthermore, using immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation, we verified that SU interacts with DCLK1. Functional studies suggested that overexpression of DCLK1 increased viral replication, and promoted cell proliferation by accelerating the progression of cells from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase of cell cycle, whereas RNA-interference of DCLK1 reduced viral replication and arrested cell proliferation by retarding cell cycle progression from the late G1 phase into the S phase in ALV-J-infected cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that the increased accumulation of DCLK1 promotes EMT by increasing the expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, MMP2, transcription factor Snail1, and decreasing the expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin. These results suggest that ALV-J SU interacts with DCLK1, and accelerates cell proliferation, leading to increased viral replication, and ultimately activating EMT, which paves the way for tumor metastasis. IMPORTANCE Tumor metastasis is a major challenge in cancer research, because of its systemic nature and the resistance of disseminated tumor cells to existing therapeutic agents. It is estimated that >90% of mortality from cancer is attributable to metastases. We found that ALV-J can activate EMT, which plays a critical role in cancer metastasis. Subsequently, we identified a tumor stem cell marker, DCLK1, in ALV-J infected cells, which interacts with surface protein (SU) of ALV-J to promote virus replication, activate EMT, and accelerate cell proliferation enabling ALV-J to obtain metastatic ability. Understanding the process of participation of ALV-J in EMT and the route of metastasis will help elucidate the mechanism of virus-induced tumor metastasis, and help identify promising molecular targets and key obstacles for ALV-J control and clinical technology development.
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10
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Synergistic pathogenesis of chicken infectious anemia virus and J subgroup of avian leukosis virus. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101468. [PMID: 34624772 PMCID: PMC8503663 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As important immunosuppressive viruses, chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) and subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) have caused huge economic losses to the poultry industry globally. Recently, the co-infection of CIAV and ALV-J frequently occurred in the domestic chicken flocks in China. However, the synergistic pathogenesis of CIAV and ALV-J has not been fully investigated. Here, a co-infection study was performed to further understand the potential synergistic pathogenesis of CIAV and ALV-J. In vitro study showed that CIAV could promote the replication of ALV-J in HD11 cells, but ALV-J could not increase the replication of CIAV. Chicken infection study showed both CIAV and ALV-J with synergistic effects caused significant body weight loss to the infected chickens. Although ALV-J had no effect on CIAV viral shedding and tissue load, CIAV did significantly increase ALV-J viremia, viral shedding and tissue load in the co-infection group. Moreover, both CIAV and ALV-J could significantly inhibit the humoral immunity to H9N2 influenza virus and serotype 4 fowl adenovirus (FAdV-4). All these data demonstrate the synergistic pathogenesis for the co-infection of CIAV and ALV-J, and highlight the positive effect of CIAV on the pathogenesis of ALV-J.
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11
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Wang H, Chen X, Zhu L, Fang X, Gao K, Fang C, Liu J, Gu Y, Liang X, Yang Y. Preparation of a novel monoclonal antibody against Avian leukosis virus subgroup J Gp85 protein and identification of its epitope. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101108. [PMID: 34116348 PMCID: PMC8192869 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is an avian oncogenic retrovirus that has caused huge economic losses in the poultry industry due to its great pathogenicity and transmission ability. However, the continuous emergence of new strains would bring challenges to diagnosis and control of ALV-J. .This study focuses on preparing the monoclonal antibody (MAb) against ALV-J Gp85 and identifying its epitope. The truncated ALV-J gp85 gene fragment was amplified and then cloned into expression vectors. Purified GST-Gp85 was used to immune mice and His-Gp85 was used to screen MAb. Finally, a hybridoma cell line named J16 that produced specific MAb against the ALV-J. Immunofluorescence assay showed that MAb J16 specifically recognized ALV-J rather than ALV-A or ALV-K infected DF-1 cells. To identify the epitope recognized by MAb J16, fourteen partially overlapping ALV-J Gp85 fragments were prepared and tested by Western blot. The results indicated that peptide 150-LIRPYVNQ-157 was the minimal epitope of ALV-J Gp85 recognized by MAb J16. Alignment analysis of Gp85 from different ALV subgroups showed that the epitope keep high conservation among 36 ALV-J strains, but significant different from that of ALV subgroup A, B, C, D, E and K. Overall, we prepared a MAb specific against ALV-J and identified peptide 150-LIRPYVNQ-157 as a novel specific epitope of ALV-J Gp85, which may assist in laying the foundation for specific ALV-J detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houkun Wang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xueyang Chen
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Lilin Zhu
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiaowei Fang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Keli Gao
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Chun Fang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yufang Gu
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiongyan Liang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yuying Yang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
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12
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Deng Q, Li M, He C, Lu Q, Gao Y, Li Q, Shi M, Wang P, Wei P. Genetic diversity of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J): toward a unified phylogenetic classification and nomenclature system. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab037. [PMID: 34026272 PMCID: PMC8129623 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) has infected a variety of birds, causing major economic losses in China. Understanding the comprehensive criteria of classification and nomenclature of ALV-J would be useful for the investigation of the viral evolution and also for the prevention and control of this infection. An in-depth analysis of the genetic diversity of ALV-J was performed in the present study. Four hundred and seventy-five sequences of the gp85 gene, including thirteen of avian endogenous retrovirus designated ev/J and 462 of ALV-J, were used in the phylogenetic and the evolutionary distance analysis for this classification. The study identified that the current ALV-J strains were divided into two first-order clades (Clades 1 and 2) and three second-order clades (Clades 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3). The current Chinese ALV-J strains are predominantly in Clade 1.3, and the Chinese and Egyptian chicken flocks have been facing the emerging Clade 2 viruses. This system pioneers the classification efforts for ALV-J, which uses Pilot tree for rapid classification of the new isolates and also the addition of possible new clades. The proposed unified classification system will facilitate future studies of ALV-J epidemiology and genetic evolution and of the comparison of sequences obtained across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaomu Deng
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Chengwei He
- Pingxiang Customs P. R. China, 341 Nanda Road, Pingxiang, Guangxi 532600, China
| | - Qiaoe Lu
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yanli Gao
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Qiuhong Li
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Mengya Shi
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Peikun Wang
- Institute of Microbe and Host Health, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276005, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
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13
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Li H, Tan M, Zhang F, Ji H, Zeng Y, Yang Q, Tan J, Huang J, Su Q, Huang Y, Kang Z. Diversity of Avian leukosis virus subgroup J in local chickens, Jiangxi, China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4797. [PMID: 33637946 PMCID: PMC7910287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis caused by avian leukosis virus (ALV) is one of the most severe diseases endangering the poultry industry. When the eradication measures performed in commercial broilers and layers have achieved excellent results, ALV in some local chickens has gradually attracted attention. Since late 2018, following the re-outbreak of ALV-J in white feather broilers in China, AL-like symptoms also suddenly broke out in some local flocks, leading to great economic losses. In this study, a systematic epidemiological survey was carried out in eight local chicken flocks in Jiangxi Province, China, and 71 strains were finally isolated from 560 samples, with the env sequences of them being successfully sequenced. All of those new isolates belong to subgroup J but they have different molecular features and were very different from the strains that emerged in white feature broilers recently, with some strains being highly consistent with those previously isolated from commercial broilers, layers and other flocks or even isolated from USA and Russian, suggesting these local chickens have been acted as reservoirs to accumulate various ALV-J strains for a long time. More seriously, phylogenetic analysis shows that there were also many novel strains emerging and in a separate evolutionary branch, indicating several new mutated ALVs are being bred in local chickens. Besides, ALV-J strains isolated in this study can be further divided into ten groups, while there were more or fewer groups in different chickens, revealing that ALV may cross propagate in those flocks. The above analyses explain the complex background and future evolution trend of ALV-J in Chinese local chickens, providing theoretical support for the establishment of corresponding prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meifang Tan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fanfan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huayuan Ji
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanbing Zeng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jia Tan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiangnan Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, China.
| | - Zhaofeng Kang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China.
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14
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Phylogenetic Analysis of ALV-J Associated with Immune Responses in Yellow Chicken Flocks in South China. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6665871. [PMID: 33628117 PMCID: PMC7886527 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6665871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to better understand the sequence characteristics and immune responses in avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infected yellow chicken flocks in South China. We isolated four strains of ALV-J virus from these flocks, which were then identified by several methods, including subtype-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). All four viruses were sequenced for their complete genomes and named GD19GZ01, GD19GZ02, GD19GZ03, and GD19GZ04. In comparison with the reference sequence, the homology analysis showed that the gag and pol genes were relatively conserved, whereas env contained much variation. Both GD19GZ01 and GD19GZ02 almost entirely lacked the rTM region and E element, while the latter was retained in GD19GZ03 and GD19GZ04. Moreover, the virus replication levels in GD19GZ03 and GD19GZ04were much higher than those in GD19GZ01 and GD19GZ02. And three virus recombination events in GD19GZ01 and GD19GZ02 were revealed by the results of PDR5 and SimPlot software analysis. Additionally, we found that some interferon-stimulating genes (CH25H, MX, PKR, OAS, and ZAP) and inflammatory mediators (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, 1L-18, and TNF-α) were significantly upregulated in the immune system organs of clinical chickens. Taken together, these findings clarify and reveal the sequence characteristics and trends in the variation of ALV-J infection in yellow chicken flocks of South China.
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15
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Hassan MSH, Abdul-Careem MF. Avian Viruses that Impact Table Egg Production. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1747. [PMID: 32993040 PMCID: PMC7601732 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Eggs are a common source of protein and other nutrient components for people worldwide. Commercial egg-laying birds encounter several challenges during the long production cycle. An efficient egg production process requires a healthy bird with a competent reproductive system. Several viral pathogens that can impact the bird's health or induce reversible or irreversible lesions in the female reproductive organs adversely interfere with the egg industry. The negative effects exerted by viral diseases create a temporary or permanent decrease in egg production, in addition to the production of low-quality eggs. Several factors including, but not limited to, the age of the bird, and the infecting viral strain and part of reproductive system involved contribute to the form of reproductive disease encountered. Advanced methodologies have successfully elucidated some of the virus-host interactions relevant to the hen's reproductive performance, however, this branch needs further research. This review discusses the major avian viral infections that have been reported to adversely affect egg productivity and quality and aims to summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the observed negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. H. Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
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16
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Zucko D, Boris-Lawrie K. Circular RNAs Are Regulators of Diverse Animal Transcriptomes: One Health Perspective. Front Genet 2020; 11:999. [PMID: 33193584 PMCID: PMC7531264 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Derived from linear (parental) precursor mRNA, circRNA are recycled exons and introns whose ends are ligated. By titrating microRNAs and RNA binding proteins, circRNA interconnect networks of competing endogenous RNAs. Without altering chromosomal DNA, circRNA regulates skeletal muscle development and proliferation, lactation, ovulation, brain development, and responses to infections and metabolic stress. This review integrates emerging knowledge of circRNA activity coming from genome-wide characterizations in many clades of animals. circRNA research addresses one of the main pillars of the One Health vision – to improve the health and productivity of food animals and generate translational knowledge in animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Zucko
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Medicine Graduate Program, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Kathleen Boris-Lawrie
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Medicine Graduate Program, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, United States
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17
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Gp37 Regulates the Pathogenesis of Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J via Its C Terminus. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.02180-19. [PMID: 32213616 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02180-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Different from other subgroups of avian leukosis viruses (ALVs), ALV-J is highly pathogenic. It is the main culprit causing myeloid leukemia and hemangioma in chickens. The distinctiveness of the env gene of ALV-J, with low homology to those of other ALVs, is linked to its unique pathogenesis, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Previous studies show that env of ALV-J can be grouped into three species based on the tyrosine motifs in the cytoplasmic domain (CTD) of Gp37, i.e., the inhibitory, bifunctional, and active groups. To explore whether the C terminus or the tyrosine motifs in the CTD of Gp37 affect the pathogenicity of ALV-J, a set of ALV-J infectious clones containing different C termini of Gp37 or the mutants at the tyrosine sites were tested in vitro and in vivo Viral growth kinetics indicated not only that ALV-J with active env is the fastest in replication and ALV-J with inhibitory env is the lowest but also that the tyrosine sites essentially affected the replication of ALV-J. Moreover, in vivo studies demonstrated that chickens infected by ALV-J with active or bifunctional env showed higher viremia, cloacal viral shedding, and viral tissue load than those infected by ALV-J with inhibitory env Notably, the chickens infected by ALV-J with active or bifunctional env showed significant loss of body weight compared with the control chickens. Taken together, these findings reveal that the C terminus of Gp37 plays a vital role in ALV-J pathogenesis, and change from inhibitory env to bifunctional or active env increases the pathogenesis of ALV-J.IMPORTANCE ALV-J can cause severe immunosuppression and myeloid leukemia in infected chickens. However, no vaccine or antiviral drug is available against ALV-J, and the mechanism for ALV-J pathogenesis needs to be elucidated. It is generally believed that gp85 and LTR of ALV contribute to its pathogenesis. Here, we found that the C terminus and the tyrosine motifs (YxxM, ITIM, and ITAM-like) in the CTD of Gp37 of ALV-J could affect the pathogenicity of ALV-J in vitro and in vivo The pathogenicity of ALV-J with Gp37 containing ITIM only was significantly less than ALV-J with Gp37 containing both YxxM and ITIM and ALV-J with Gp37 containing both YxxM and ITAM-like. This study highlights the vital role of the C terminus of Gp37 in the pathogenesis of ALV-J and thus provides a new perspective to elucidate the interaction between ALV-J and its host and a molecular basis to develop efficient strategies against ALV-J.
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18
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Zhang X, Liao Z, Wu Y, Yan Y, Chen S, Lin S, Chen F, Xie Q. gga-microRNA-375 negatively regulates the cell cycle and proliferation by targeting Yes-associated protein 1 in DF-1 cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:530-542. [PMID: 32537011 PMCID: PMC7281959 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) serve a key role in regulating the cell cycle and inducing tumorigenesis. Subgroup J of the avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) belongs to the family Retroviridae, subfamily Orthoretrovirinae and genus Alpharetrovirus that causes tumors in susceptible chickens. gga-miR-375 is downregulated and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is upregulated in ALV-J-induced tumors in the livers of chickens, and it has been further identified that YAP1 is the direct target gene of gga-miR-375. In the present study, it was found that ALV-J infection promoted the cell cycle and proliferation in DF-1 cells. As the cell cycle and cell proliferation are closely associated with tumorigenesis, further experiments were performed to determine whether gga-miR-375 and YAP1 were involved in these cellular processes. It was demonstrated that gga-miR-375 significantly inhibited the cell cycle by inhibiting G1 to S/G2 stage transition and decreasing cell proliferation, while YAP1 significantly promoted the cell cycle and proliferation. Furthermore, these cellular processes in DF-1 cells were affected by gga-miR-375 through the targeting of YAP1. Collectively, the present results suggested that gga-miR-375, downregulated by ALV-J infection, negatively regulated the cell cycle and proliferation via the targeting of YAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus VectorVaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Shaoli Lin
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus VectorVaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Animal Virus VectorVaccine Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
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19
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Zhang Y, Su Q, Zhang Z, Cui Z, Chang S, Zhao P. Molecular characteristics of the re-emerged avian leukosis virus in China, 2018-2019. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1141-1151. [PMID: 31785180 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Since early 2018, avian leukosis virus (ALV) has re-emerged throughout six provinces in Northeast and East of China and caused huge economic losses. In different farms, there are significant differences in clinical symptoms, including morbidity, mortality and location of tumours, on affected animals, which implies that the present strains may have different origins and molecular characteristics. In this study, a systematic epidemiological investigation was conducted in 21 farms in six provinces. Results showed that the virus strains present in this outbreak are highly consistent but carry different mutations. All the strains shared 97.0%-99.0% identity with each other and were highly similar to the GD14J2 strain isolated previously, while different insertion fragments can be found in the env gene of different strains, suggesting that the strains of ALV in this outbreak may have the same ancestors but have gone through different evolutionary trajectories. This study demonstrated that these viruses may point to multiple sources of infection, and all should be identified and taken seriously in the formulation of control plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Qi Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
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20
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Chang F, Xing L, Xing Z, Yu M, Bao Y, Wang S, Farooque M, Li X, Liu P, Pan Q, Qi X, Gao L, Li K, Liu C, Zhang Y, Cui H, Wang X, Gao Y. Development and evaluation of a gp85 protein-based subgroup-specific indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of anti-subgroup J avian leukosis virus antibodies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1785-1793. [PMID: 31900555 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is an important pathogen for various neoplasms and causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry. Serological detection of specific antibodies against ALV-J infection is important for successful clinical diagnosis. Here, a 293F stable cell line was established to stably express gp85 protein. In this cell line, gp85 protein was expressed at approximately 30 mg/L. A subgroup-specific indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) was developed using ALV-J gp85 protein as coated antigen to detect antibodies against ALV-J. The sensitivity of the iELISA (1:51200 diluted in serum) was 16 times more than that of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA; 1:3200 diluted in serum). Moreover, there was no crossreactivity with antibodies against other common avian viruses and other avian leukosis virus subgroups, such as subgroups A and B. The practicality of the iELISA was further evaluated by experimental infection and clinical samples. The results from experimental infection indicated that anti-ALV-J antibodies were readily detected by iELISA as early as 4 weeks after ALV-J infection, and positive antibodies were detected until 20 weeks, with an antibody-positive rate of 11.1% to 33.3%. Moreover, analysis of clinical samples showed that 9.49% of samples were positive for anti-ALV-J antibodies, and the concordance rate of iELISA and IFA was 99.24%. Overall, these results suggested that the subgroup-specific iELISA developed in this study had good sensitivity, specificity, and feasibility. This iELISA will be very useful for epidemiological surveillance, diagnosis, and eradication of ALV-J in poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Chang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiao Xing
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Xing
- Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Yu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanling Bao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Suyan Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Farooque
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Pan
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yulong Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Wang S, Geng N, Zhou D, Qu Y, Shi M, Xu Y, Liu K, Liu Y, Liu J. Oral Immunization of Chickens With Recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum Vaccine Against Early ALV-J Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2299. [PMID: 31632395 PMCID: PMC6783503 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel oral vaccine of recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) containing the gp85 protein was explored, and the effects of this vaccine on the prevention of subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus (ALV-J) infection were assessed. In the current study, the gp85 protein of ALV-J was expressed on the surface of L. plantarum with the surface-display motif, pgsA, by constructing a shuttle vector pMG36e:pgsA:gp85. Surface localization of the fusion protein was verified by western blotting and flow cytometry. Subsequently, Specific Pathogen Free Hy-Line Brown layer chickens were orally vaccinated with the recombinant L. plantarum and presented with high levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) titers in bile and duodenal-mucosal fluid. After challenged with ALV-J of a 3 × 103 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50), serum samples of the chickens were collected and viremia was analyzed. Results showed that, compared to the L. plantarum and PBS control group, the recombinant L. plantarum group showed a significant rise in antibody levels after inoculation, and provide improved protection against ALV-J according to viremia detection. These results indicate that oral immunization with the recombinant L. plantarum provided an effective means for eliciting protective immune response against early ALV-J infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Na Geng
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Nanjing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengke Shi
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yuliang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Kangping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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22
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Taishan Pinus Massoniana pollen polysaccharide inhibits the replication of acute tumorigenic ALV-J and its associated tumor growth. Vet Microbiol 2019; 236:108376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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23
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Zhang G, Qu Y, Niu Y, Zhang H, Sun Q, Liu X, Li Y, Zhang H, Liu M. Difference in pathogenicity of 2 strains of avian leukosis virus subgroup J in broiler chicken. Poult Sci 2019; 98:2772-2780. [PMID: 30768138 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J has been found to infect many types of chickens with various genetic backgrounds. The ALV-J strain NX0101, which was isolated from broiler breeders in 2001, mainly induces the formation of myeloid cell tumors. However, strain HN10PY01, which was recently isolated from laying hens, mainly induces the formation of myeloid cell tumors and hemangioma. In order to determine the difference in pathogenicity of the 2 strains in broiler chickens, 2 groups of chicken embryos were infected with NA0101 and HN10PY01 separately. A comparison was made of the mortality, oncogenicity, body weights, indexes for immune organs, levels of ALV group-specific antigen p27, and mRNA expression levels of the tumor-related gene, p53, in ALV-J-infected birds and immune organs of theses chickens in response to Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and avian influenza virus subtype H9 (AIV-H9) vaccination. The results indicated that strain NX0101 was highly pathogenic in broiler chickens and led to a 30% mortality rate and 45% oncogenicity, compared with the HN10PY01-infected birds. Weight of chickens was also significantly lower after 15 wk (P < 0.05). In addition, the mRNA expression levels of tumor-related p53 in medulla, liver, and lung in broilers infected with strain NX0101 were significantly higher than those infected with strain HN10PY01 (P < 0.05). These results indicated that strain NX0101 had a higher replication ability in broiler chickens. The findings of this study will contribute to further elucidating the mechanisms underlying host susceptibility and tumor classification in ALV-J-infected chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Yajin Qu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yujuan Niu
- The Biomedical Sciences Institute (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Huixia Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Qinqin Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Xingpo Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Yue Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Mengda Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
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24
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Zhang Y, Guan X, Chen Z, Cao D, Kang Z, Shen Q, Lei Q, Li F, Li H, Leghari MF, Wang Y, Qi X, Wang X, Gao Y. The high conserved cellular receptors of avian leukosis virus subgroup J in Chinese local chickens contributes to its wide host range. Poult Sci 2019; 97:4187-4192. [PMID: 30107614 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is a tumor-inducing virus that spreads among most chicken species, causing serious financial losses for the poultry industry. Subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) is a recombinant exogenous ALV, which shows more extensive host range in comparison with other subgroups, especially in Chinese local chickens. To identify the relationship between ALV-J host range and the polymorphism of its cellular receptors, we performed a wide range epidemiological investigation of current ALV-J infection in Chinese local chickens, and discovered that all the 18 local chicken breeds being investigated from main local chicken breeding provinces were ALV-J positive. Furthermore, we cloned ALV-J cellular receptor genes of chNHE1 and chANXA2 of these 18 chicken breeds. Sequence alignment demonstrated that despite several regular mutations at the nucleotide level, there were no corresponding amino acid mutations for either chNHE1 gene or chANXA2 gene. Additionally, virus entry assay indicated that the level of viral enter into cells is stable among different chicken breeds. Results of this study indicated that the wide host range of ALV-J in Chinese local chickens was partially due to the high conservatism of its cellular receptors, and also provide target sites for drug design of resistance to ALV-J infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiaolu Guan
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Zhiwu Chen
- Guangxi Jinling Husbandry Group CO., LTD, Lu Ping Country, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Dingguo Cao
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Zhaofeng Kang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Qiancheng Shen
- Guangxi Jinling Husbandry Group CO., LTD, Lu Ping Country, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Lei
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Fuwei Li
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Haiqin Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Muhammad Farooque Leghari
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
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25
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He S, Zheng G, Zhou D, Li G, Zhu M, Du X, Zhou J, Cheng Z. Clonal anergy of CD117 +chB6 + B cell progenitors induced by avian leukosis virus subgroup J is associated with immunological tolerance. Retrovirology 2019; 16:1. [PMID: 30602379 PMCID: PMC6317241 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-018-0463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of immunological tolerance caused by avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), an oncogenic retrovirus, is largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, the development, differentiation, and immunological capability of B cells and their progenitors infected with ALV-J were studied both morphologically and functionally by using a model of ALV-J congenital infection. Compared with posthatch infection, congenital infection of ALV-J resulted in severe immunological tolerance, which was identified as the absence of detectable specific antivirus antibodies. In congenitally infected chickens, immune organs, particularly the bursa of Fabricius, were poorly developed. Moreover, IgM-and IgG-positive cells and total immunoglobulin levels were significantly decreased in these chickens. Large numbers of bursa follicles with no differentiation into cortex and medulla indicated that B cell development was arrested at the early stage. Flow cytometry analysis further confirmed that ALV-J blocked the differentiation of CD117+chB6+ B cell progenitors in the bursa of Fabricius. Furthermore, both the humoral immunity and the immunological capability of B cells and their progenitors were significantly suppressed, as assessed by (a) the antibody titres against sheep red blood cells and the Marek's disease virus attenuated serotype 1 vaccine; (b) the proliferative response of B cells against thymus-independent antigen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the spleen germinal centres; and (c) the capacities for proliferation, differentiation and immunoglobulin gene class-switch recombination of B cell progenitors in response to LPS and interleukin-4(IL-4) in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that the anergy of B cells in congenitally infected chickens is caused by the developmental arrest and dysfunction of B cell progenitors, which is an important factor for the immunological tolerance induced by ALV-J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhai He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
- College of Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Gaoying Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Gen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Mingjun Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Xusheng Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
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26
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Zhou D, Xue J, Zhang Y, Wang G, Feng Y, Hu L, Shang Y, Cheng Z. Outbreak of myelocytomatosis caused by mutational avian leukosis virus subgroup J in China, 2018. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 66:622-626. [PMID: 30548833 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) was isolated in meat-type breeder chickens for the first time in 1988 in the United Kingdom. Due to the application of an eradication program, there were fewer reports related to myelocytomatosis or ALV-J in China after 2013. However, there was another breakout almost simultaneously in six provinces of China in February 2018. On-site, 15- to 20-week-old broiler breeder chickens showed depression, paralysis and weight loss. Mortality for certain flocks reached 15%. Sick chickens showed numerous yellow-white neoplasms growing in the sternum, rib and lumbar vertebra and had hepatic and renal metastasis. Histopathological observation showed all neoplasms were myelocytomas, and there were massive myelocyte-like tumour cells in the liver, kidney and bone marrow. To explore the aetiology of this re-outbreak of myelocytomatosis in China, we collected tumour-bearing chickens and isolated six strains of ALV-J (GM0209-1 to -6). Phylogenetic analysis of gp85 and gp37 showed GM0209 strains were clearly distinct from the prototype strain of ADOL-7501, HPRS-103 and NX0101, and there was a mutation, R176G, in the conserved region between hr1 and hr2 regions of gp85, which was not found in other 44 ALV-J strains. The 3'UTR nucleotide sequences of GM0209 isolates showed there was a signature deletion of 11 nt that was also present in 3'UTR sequences of SCDY1 and NHH, two isolates that have a reported association with haemangioma, indicating this deletion could not determine the tumour type induced by ALV-J. Although the eradication program of ALV-J has been successfully applied in China, the outbreak of ALV-J still occurred, and the virus strain spread quickly. Thus, the biocharacteristics and pathogenesis of mutational ALV-J should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jingwen Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yongsheng Feng
- Animal husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Liping Hu
- Animal Epidemic Prevention and Control Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Yingli Shang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Li J, Meng F, Li W, Wang Y, Chang S, Zhao P, Cui Z. Characterization of avian leukosis virus subgroup J isolated between 1999 and 2013 in China. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3532-3539. [PMID: 29924363 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) has successively infected white feather chickens, layer hens, cultivated yellow chickens, and indigenous chickens; infection rates and tumorigenicity have attracted increasingly extensive attention in China. To clarify the correlation of the epidemiological phenomenon of ALV-J with the evolution of envelope protein gp85, 140 strains of ALV-J isolated from chickens with different genetic backgrounds from 1999 to 2013 were compared. The homology of the gp85 protein and genetic genealogical relationships between 140 strains of ALV-J and the prototype strain HPRS-103, as well as between the same ALV-J strains and 8 American isolates, were analyzed and compared. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the variation range of homology of the gp85 protein between the prototype HPRS-103 and ALV-J isolates from different genetic backgrounds and different years. However, genetic pedigree analysis showed that virus strains that isolated from the same type of chickens remained close to each other on the phylogenetic tree, which means that there was a correlation between the genetic background of infected chickens and virus strains. Further analysis of amino acid sequences also found similar results and revealed that unique amino acid sites were formed in chickens with different genetic backgrounds, which proved that ALV-J could adapt to the new host through amino acid variation. Genetic sequence phylogenetic tree analysis was more representative than sequence homology comparisons for assessing ALV-J correlations. These conclusions contributed to the control and prevention of ALV infection. ALV-J is still prevalent in Chinese indigenous chickens, more attentions should be given to fulfill the purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China, 271018.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, China, 271018.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, China, 271018
| | - Fanfeng Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China, 271018.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, China, 271018.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, China, 271018
| | - Weihua Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China, 266033
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China, 271018.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, China, 271018.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, China, 271018
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China, 271018.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, China, 271018.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, China, 271018
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China, 271018.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, China, 271018.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, China, 271018
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China, 271018.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, China, 271018.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, China, 271018
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28
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Meng F, Li Q, Zhang Y, Cui Z, Chang S, Zhao P. Isolation and characterization of subgroup J Avian Leukosis virus associated with hemangioma in commercial Hy-Line chickens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2667-2674. [PMID: 29788333 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There was an outbreak of hemangioma associated with avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) between 2006 and 2010 in China in commercial layer chickens. Recently, severe hemangiomas broke out in Hy-Line layer chickens on a poultry farm in 2017 where ALV was eradicated earlier. Six isolates of ALV-J, named SDAU1701-SDAU1706, were characterized by virus isolation and sequence analysis of the complete proviral genomes. Avian leukosis virus subgroup J was identified by an immunofluorescence assay with monoclonal antibody JE9, whereas Marek's disease virus or reticuloendotheliosis virus was not detected. Sequence analysis of the complete proviral genome revealed that there was 96.0-99.6% identity between each other and had a homology of 94.6-96.0% when compared with the reference strain. The six isolates formed one distinct lineage separate from the reference sequences in a phylogenetic-tree, which suggested that there were several genetic differences between these groups. Homology analysis of the env, pol, and gag genes of the six isolates showed that the env gene was more variable, especially the gp85 protein, which shared only 88.2-91.9% identity with the reference strains. Sequence comparisons of the gp85 protein indicated that 19 sites were different from those in the NX0101 and HPRS-103 strains inducing myeloid leukosis; among our strains, five mutations were identical to those in the viruses causing hemangioma. Four other distinctive mutations were detected in our six isolates. This study reminds us that the surveillance of viral eradication should be conducted continuously on a farm where ALVs were eradicated. To prevent the prevalence of ALVs, more attention should be paid to daily monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfeng Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuchen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yubiao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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29
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Qiu L, Chang G, Bi Y, Liu X, Chen G. Circular RNA and mRNA profiling reveal competing endogenous RNA networks during avian leukosis virus, subgroup J-induced tumorigenesis in chickens. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204931. [PMID: 30286182 PMCID: PMC6171863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) can induce myeloid tumors and hemangiomas in chickens and causes severe economic losses with commercial layer chickens and meat-type chickens. Here, we generated ribominus RNA sequencing data from three normal chicken spleen tissues and three ALV-J-infected chicken spleen tissues. Structure analysis of transcripts showed that, compared to mRNAs and lncRNAs, chicken circRNAs shared relatively shorter transcripts and similar GC content. Differentially expression analysis showed 152 differentially expressed circRNAs with 106 circRNAs up regulated and 46 circRNAs down regulated. Through comparing differentially expressed circRNA host genes and mRNAs and performed ceRNA network analysis, we found several tumor or immune-related genes, in which, there were four genes existed in both differentially expressed mRNAs and circRNA host genes (Dock4, Fmr1, Zfhx3, Ralb) and two genes (Mll, Aoc3) involved in ceRNA network. We further characterized one exon-intron circRNA derived from HRH4 gene in the ceRNA network, termed circHRH4, which is an abundant and stable circRNA expressed in various tissues and cells in chicken and localizes in cytoplasm. Our results provide new insight into the pathology of ALV-J infection and circRNAs may also mediate tumorigenesis in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR, China
| | - Guobin Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR, China
| | - Yulin Bi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR, China
| | - Xiangping Liu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, PR, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR, China
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30
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Lawal RA, Al-Atiyat RM, Aljumaah RS, Silva P, Mwacharo JM, Hanotte O. Whole-Genome Resequencing of Red Junglefowl and Indigenous Village Chicken Reveal New Insights on the Genome Dynamics of the Species. Front Genet 2018; 9:264. [PMID: 30079080 PMCID: PMC6062655 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The red junglefowl Gallus gallus is the main progenitor of domestic chicken, the commonest livestock species, outnumbering humans by an approximate ratio of six to one. The genetic control for production traits have been well studied in commercial chicken, but the selection pressures underlying unique adaptation and production to local environments remain largely unknown in indigenous village chicken. Likewise, the genome regions under positive selection in the wild red junglefowl remain untapped. Here, using the pool heterozygosity approach, we analyzed indigenous village chicken populations from Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, and Sri Lanka, alongside six red junglefowl, for signatures of positive selection across the autosomes. Two red junglefowl candidate selected regions were shared with all domestic chicken populations. Four candidates sweep regions, unique to and shared among all indigenous domestic chicken, were detected. Only one region includes annotated genes (TSHR and GTF2A1). Candidate regions that were unique to each domestic chicken population with functions relating to adaptation to temperature gradient, production, reproduction and immunity were identified. Our results provide new insights on the consequence of the selection pressures that followed domestication on the genome landscape of the domestic village chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman A. Lawal
- Cells, Organisms and Molecular Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Raed M. Al-Atiyat
- Genetics and Biotechnology, Animal Science Department, Agriculture Faculty, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyadh S. Aljumaah
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pradeepa Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Joram M. Mwacharo
- Small Ruminant Genomics, International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Olivier Hanotte
- Cells, Organisms and Molecular Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- LiveGene – CTLGH, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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31
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The emerging novel avian leukosis virus with mutations in the pol gene shows competitive replication advantages both in vivo and in vitro. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:117. [PMID: 29946141 PMCID: PMC6018675 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The avian leukosis virus subgroup K (ALV-K), a novel subgroup in Chinese indigenous chicken breeds, has been difficult to isolate in the past due to its poor replication ability. However, according to the latest monitoring data, the replication ability and isolation rate of ALV-K have clearly increased, and new strains with mutations in the pol gene have also been found. To determine the effects of such mutations on the biological characteristics of ALV-K, a pair of infectious clones were constructed and rescued. The first virus was an ALV-K Chinese isolate with mutations in its pol gene, named rSDAUAK-11. The second virus was a recuperative rSDAUAK-11 from which mutations in the pol gene were recovered according to the corresponding region of the ALV-K prototype virus JS11C1, named rRSDAUAK-11. In addition, two quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were developed to specifically detect these virus strains. Using such methods, we observed a marked improvement of the reverse transcriptase activity, replication ability and vertical transmission ability of rSDAUAK-11, which also revealed a formidable competitive advantage in mixed infection with rRSDAUAK-11 and corresponded to the differences between the wild strains SDAUAK-11 and JS11C1. Accordingly, our findings not only show that mutations in the pol gene are an important molecular mechanism contributing to corresponding changes in the biological characteristics of the newest ALV-K but also emphasize the potential future eradication of ALV.
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32
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Zhou J, Zhao GL, Wang XM, Du XS, Su S, Li CG, Nair V, Yao YX, Cheng ZQ. Synergistic Viral Replication of Marek's Disease Virus and Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J is Responsible for the Enhanced Pathogenicity in the Superinfection of Chickens. Viruses 2018; 10:E271. [PMID: 29783672 PMCID: PMC5977264 DOI: 10.3390/v10050271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Superinfection of Marek's disease virus (MDV) and avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) causes lethal neoplasia and death in chickens. However, whether there is synergism between the two viruses in viral replication and pathogenicity has remained elusive. In this study, we found that the superinfection of MDV and ALV-J increased the viral replication of the two viruses in RNA and protein level, and synergistically promoted the expression of IL-10, IL-6, and TGF-β in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF). Moreover, MDV and ALV-J protein expression in dual-infected cells detected by confocal laser scanning microscope appeared earlier in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, and caused more severe cytopathy than single infection, suggesting that synergistically increased MDV and ALV-J viral-protein biosynthesis is responsible for the severe cytopathy. In vivo, compared to the single virus infected chickens, the mortality and tumor formation rates increased significantly in MDV and ALV-J dual-infected chickens. Viral loads of MDV and ALV-J in tissues of dual-infected chickens were significantly higher than those of single-infected chickens. Histopathology observation showed that more severe inflammation and tumor cells metastases were present in dual-infected chickens. In the present study, we concluded that synergistic viral replication of MDV and ALV-J is responsible for the enhanced pathogenicity in superinfection of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Guo-Liang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Xiao-Man Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Xu-Sheng Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Shuai Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Chen-Gui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Venugopal Nair
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, Pirbright, Ash Road, Guildford, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
| | - Yong-Xiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, Pirbright, Ash Road, Guildford, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
| | - Zi-Qiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China.
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33
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Meng W, Zhou D, Li C, Wang G, Huang L, Cheng Z. A polyclonal antibody against extracellular loops 1 of chNHE1 blocks avian leukosis virus subgroup J infection. Res Vet Sci 2018; 118:477-483. [PMID: 29747134 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), an oncogenic retrovirus, induces myelocytomas and other various tumors, leading to great economical losses in poultry industry. It is a great challenge to develop effective preventive methods for ALV-J control due to its antigenic variations in the variable regions of envelope. In present study, we generated a mouse polyclonal antibody targeting the first extracellular loop (ECL1) of chicken Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (chNHE1), the receptor of ALV-J, to block ALV-J infection in vitro and in vivo. In ALV-J infected DF-1 cells, chNHE1 expression and the intracellular pH (pHi) were up-regulated with "wave" pattern, indicating that the disequilibrium of ALV-J infected cells associated with chNHE1. Next, we validated that ALV-J infection was significantly blocked with time dependent after treating with anti-ECL1 antibody and accordingly the pHi value were recovered, indicating the blockage of ALV-J infection did not affect Na+/H+ exchange. Furthermore, in anti-ECL1 antibody treatment chickens that infected by ALV-J, weight gain and immune organs were recovered, and viral loads were significantly decreased, and the tissue injury and inflammation were reduced significantly from 21 to 35 days of age. The study demonstrated that anti-ECL1 antibody effectively blocks ALV-J infection without affecting Na+/H+ exchange, and sheds light on a novel strategy for retroviruses control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Chengui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Libo Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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34
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Jing W, Zhou J, Wang C, Qiu J, Guo H, Li H. Preparation of the Secretory Recombinant ALV-J gp85 Protein Using Pichia pastoris and Its Immunoprotection as Vaccine Antigen Combining with CpG-ODN Adjuvant. Viral Immunol 2018; 31:407-416. [PMID: 29698128 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on preparing the secretory recombinant J subgroup of avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) gp85 protein using Pichia pastoris and evaluating its immunoprotection as vaccine antigen combining with CpG-ODN adjuvant. The secretory recombinant plasmid pPIC9-gp85 containing ALV-J gp85 gene was designed and was transfected into the genome of P. pastoris (GS115) cells. The recombinant plasmid was expressed under the induction of methanol. The expressed products in the medium of the cells were purified and identified with endoglycosidase digestion assay and western blot mediated with monoclonal antibody (MAb) JE9. The purified product combining with CpG-ODN adjuvant was inoculated intramuscularly into 7-day-old chickens and three booster inoculations were performed on 21 days post first inoculation (dpfi), 42, and 56 dpfi. The antibody responses and cellular immune responses were detected, and the protective effects were analyzed after challenge with ALV-J. The results showed that the secretory pPIC9-gp85 plasmid was successfully constructed and could be stably expressed in GS115 cells. The expressed products were N-acetylglucosylated and could specifically combine with MAb (JE9). The secreted gp85 protein combining with CpG-ODN adjuvant could induce higher antibody response and spleen lymphocyte proliferation response and IFN-γ-inducing response, and could protect all the inoculated chickens against the viremia and the immunosuppressive lesions caused by ALV-J challenge. The results of neutralizing test in vitro suggested that the antisera with some ALV-J antibody titers could neutralize ALV-J strain and inhibit the growth of virus in vitro. The result of IFA showed that IgG antibody in the antisera could specifically combine with ALV-J strain in cells. It can be concluded that the secretory recombinant gp85 protein, as a new acetylglucosylated gp85 protein, was successfully prepared and combining with CpG-ODN adjuvant could protect the inoculated chickens against ALV-J infection. This study first reported the methods on preparing the secretory recombinant ALV-J gp85 protein using P. pastoris and evaluated its immunoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Jing
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an, China
| | - Jinrun Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an, China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an, China
| | - Jianhua Qiu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an, China
| | - Huijun Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an, China
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35
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Murakami T, Sassa Y. Pleomorphic Malignant Mesothelioma in a Broiler Breeder Infected with Avian Leucosis Virus Subgroup J. J Comp Pathol 2018; 160:50-55. [PMID: 29729721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Avian leucosis virus (ALV) is an oncogenic retrovirus that induces tumours including lymphoid leucosis and myeloid leucosis. Pleomorphic malignant mesothelioma and myelocytoma, which were thought to be induced by ALV subgroup J (ALV-J) infection, were identified in a 432-day-old broiler breeder. The bird showed no clinical signs; however, at necropsy examination there were multiple nodules in the alimentary tract. Microscopical analysis showed that these consisted of pleomorphic cells and myelocyte-like cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the pleomorphic cells were atypical and expressed cytokeratin, vimentin, c-kit, calretinin and ALV. The myelocyte-like cells were also positive for ALV. Retroviral type C particles were observed by electron microscopy. ALV-E and ALV-J nucleotide sequences were detected in DNA extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded small intestinal tissue. Based on these results, the tumours were diagnosed as pleomorphic malignant mesothelioma and myelocytoma and were thought to have been induced by ALV-J infection. This is the first report of malignant mesothelioma associated with naturally acquired ALV-J infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Murakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Sassa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan.
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36
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Meng F, Li Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Tian S, Cui Z, Chang S, Zhao P. Characterization of subgroup J avian Leukosis virus isolated from Chinese indigenous chickens. Virol J 2018; 15:33. [PMID: 29433551 PMCID: PMC5810008 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-0947-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In spite of the purification of the laying hens and broilers of avian leukosis virus (ALV) has made remarkable achievements, the infection of ALV was still serious in Chinese indigenous chickens. Methods In order to assess the epidemic state of avian leukosis virus in indigenous chickens in China, 10 novel strains of ALV subgroup J (ALV-J), named JS16JH01 to JS16JH10, were isolated and identified by virus isolation and immunofluorescence antibody assays from a Chinese local breed farm with a sporadic incidence of tumors. To understand their virological characteristics further, the proviral genome of ENV-LTR was sequenced and compared with the reference strains. Results The homology of the gp85 gene between the ten ALV-J strains and NX0101 was in the range from 89.7–94.8% at the nuclear acid level. In addition, their gp85 genes were quite varied, with identities of 92–98% with themselves at the nuclear acid level. There were several snp and indel sites in the amino acid sequence of gp85 genes after comparison with other reference strains of ALV. Interestingly, a novel insertion in the gp85 region was found in two strains, JS16JH01 and JS16JH07, compared with NX0101 and HPRS-103. Discussion At present, owing to the large-scale purification of ALV in China, laying hens and broiler chickens with ALV infection are rarely detected, but ALVs are still frequently detected in the local chickens, which suggests that more efforts should be applied to the purification of ALV from indigenous chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfeng Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuchen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Sibao Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
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Residues 28 to 39 of the Extracellular Loop 1 of Chicken Na +/H + Exchanger Type I Mediate Cell Binding and Entry of Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus. J Virol 2017; 92:JVI.01627-17. [PMID: 29070685 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01627-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken Na+/H+ exchanger type I (chNHE1), a multispan transmembrane protein, is a cellular receptor of the subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J). To identify the functional determinants of chNHE1 responsible for the ALV-J receptor activity, a series of chimeric receptors was created by exchanging the extracellular loops (ECL) of human NHE1 (huNHE1) and chNHE1 and by ECL replacement with a hemagglutinin (HA) tag. These chimeric receptors then were used in binding and entry assays to map the minimal ALV-J gp85-binding domain of chNHE1. We show that ECL1 of chNHE1 (chECL1) is the critical functional ECL that interacts directly with ALV-J gp85; ECL3 is also involved in ALV-J gp85 binding. Amino acid residues 28 to 39 of the N-terminal membrane-proximal region of chECL1 constitute the minimal domain required for chNHE1 binding of ALV-J gp85. These residues are sufficient to mediate viral entry into ALV-J nonpermissive cells. Point mutation analysis revealed that A30, V33, W38, and E39 of chECL1 are the key residues mediating the binding between chNHE1 and ALV-J gp85. Further, the replacement of residues 28 to 39 of huNHE1 with the corresponding chNHE1 residues converted the nonfunctional ALV-J receptor huNHE1 to a functional one. Importantly, soluble chECL1 and huECL1 harboring chNHE1 residues 28 to 39 both could effectively block ALV-J infection. Collectively, our findings indicate that residues 28 to 39 of chNHE1 constitute a domain that is critical for receptor function and mediate ALV-J entry.IMPORTANCE chNHE1 is a cellular receptor of ALV-J, a retrovirus that causes infections in chickens and serious economic losses in the poultry industry. Until now, the domains determining the chNHE1 receptor function remained unknown. We demonstrate that chECL1 is critical for receptor function, with residues 28 to 39 constituting the minimal functional domain responsible for chNHE1 binding of ALV-J gp85 and efficiently mediating ALV-J cell entry. These residues are located in the membrane-proximal region of the N terminus of chECL1, suggesting that the binding site of ALV-J gp85 on chNHE1 is probably located on the apex of the molecule; the receptor-binding mode might be different from that of retroviruses. We also found that soluble chECL1, as well as huECL1 harboring chNHE1 residues 28 to 39, effectively blocked ALV-J infection. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the ALV-J infection mechanism and also provide new insights into the control strategies for ALV-J infection.
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38
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Diversity and evolution analysis of glycoprotein GP85 from avian leukosis virus subgroup J isolates from chickens of different genetic backgrounds during 1989-2016: Coexistence of five extremely different clusters. Arch Virol 2017; 163:377-389. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Mingzhang R, Zijun Z, Lixia Y, Jian C, Min F, Jie Z, Ming L, Weisheng C. The construction and application of a cell line resistant to novel subgroup avian leukosis virus (ALV-K) infection. Arch Virol 2017; 163:89-98. [PMID: 28986681 PMCID: PMC5756289 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3563-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel avian leukosis viruses (ALV) subgroup named ALV-K was recently isolated from Chinese indigenous chickens which is different from the subgroups (A to E and J) that have previously been reported to infect chickens. More and more ALV-K strains have recently been isolated from local breeds of Chinese chickens. However, there are no more effective diagnostic methods for ALV-K other than virus isolation followed by envelope gene sequencing and comparison. Viral infection can be blocked through expression of the viral receptor-binding protein. In this study, we have engineered a cell line, DF-1/K, that expresses ALV-K env protein and thereby confers resistance to ALV-K infection. DF-1/K can be used in combination with the ALV-K susceptible cell line DF-1 as a specific diagnostic tool for ALV-K and provides a good tool for further research into the molecular mechanisms of interaction between ALV-K env protein and the host cell receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Mingzhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Zijun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Lixia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Min
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Jie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Liao Ming
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Poultry Infectious Diseases and Safety of Poultry Products, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cao Weisheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Poultry Infectious Diseases and Safety of Poultry Products, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Full-length genome sequence analysis of four subgroup J avian leukosis virus strains isolated from chickens with clinical hemangioma. Virus Genes 2017; 53:868-875. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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41
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Li Y, Cui S, Li W, Wang Y, Cui Z, Zhao P, Chang S. Vertical transmission of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) from hens infected through artificial insemination with ALV-J infected semen. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:204. [PMID: 28662658 PMCID: PMC5492345 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is one of the main causes of tumour development within the poultry industry in China. The subgroup J avian leukosis viruses (ALV-J), which induce erythroblastosis and myelocytomatosis, have the greatest pathogenicity and transmission ability within this class of viruses. ALV can be transmitted both horizontally and vertically; however, the effects of ALV infection in chickens—especially roosters—during the propagation, on future generations is not clear. Knowing the role of the cock in the transmission of ALV from generation to generation might contribute to the eradication programs for ALV. Results The results showed that two hens inseminated with ALV-J-positive semen developed temporary antibody responses to ALV-J at 4–5 weeks post insemination. The p27 antigen was detected in cloacal swabs of six hens, and in 3 of 26 egg albumens at 1–6 weeks after insemination. Moreover, no viremia was detected at 6 weeks after insemination even when virus isolation had been conducted six times at weekly intervals for each of the 12 females. However, ALV-J was isolated from 1 of their 34 progeny chicks at 1 week of age, and its gp85 had 98.4%–99.2% sequence identity with the gp85 of ALV-J isolated from semen samples of the six cocks. Conclusions Our findings indicated that females that were late horizontally infected with ALV-J by artificial insemination might transmit the virus to progeny through eggs, which amounts to vertical transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.,China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, China
| | - Shuai Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Weihua Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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42
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Li Y, Fu J, Cui S, Meng F, Cui Z, Fan J, Chang S, Zhao P. Gp85 genetic diversity of avian leukosis virus subgroup J among different individual chickens from a native flock. Poult Sci 2017; 96:1100-1107. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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43
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Integrated host and viral transcriptome analyses reveal pathology and inflammatory response mechanisms to ALV-J injection in SPF chickens. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46156. [PMID: 28401895 PMCID: PMC5388866 DOI: 10.1038/srep46156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is detrimental to poultry health and causes substantial economic losses from mortality and decreased performance. Because tumorigenesis is a complex mechanism, the regulatory architecture of the immune system is likely to include the added dimensions of modulation by miRNAs and long-noncoding RNA (lncRNA). To characterize the response to ALV challenge, we developed a novel methodology that combines four datasets: mRNA expression and the associated regulatory factors of miRNA and lncRNA, and ALV gene expression. Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) layer chickens were infected with ALV-J or maintained as non-injected controls. Spleen samples were collected at 40 days post injection (dpi), and sequenced. There were 864 genes, 7 miRNAs and 17 lncRNAs differentially expressed between infected and non-infected birds. The combined analysis of the 4 RNA expression datasets revealed that ALV infection is detected by pattern-recognition receptors (TLR9 and TLR3) leading to a type-I IFN mediated innate immune response that is modulated by IRF7 and IRF1. Co-expression network analysis of mRNA with miRNA, lncRNA and virus genes identified key elements within the complex networks utilized during ALV response. The integration of information from the host transcriptomic, epigenetic and virus response also has the potential to provide deeper insights into other host-pathogen interactions.
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Feng W, Zhou D, Meng W, Li G, Zhuang P, Pan Z, Wang G, Cheng Z. Growth retardation induced by avian leukosis virus subgroup J associated with down-regulated Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Microb Pathog 2017; 104:48-55. [PMID: 28065818 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), an oncogenic retrovirus, induces growth retardation and neoplasia in chickens, leading to enormous economic losses in poultry industry. Increasing evidences showed several signal pathways involved in ALV-J infection. However, what signaling pathway involved in growth retardation is largely unknown. To explore the possible signaling pathway, we tested the cell proliferation and associated miRNAs in ALV-J infected CEF cells by CCK-8 and Hiseq, respectively. The results showed that cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by ALV-J and three associated miRNAs were identified to target Wnt/β-catenin pathway. To verify the Wnt/β-catenin pathway involved in cell growth retardation, we analyzed the key molecules of Wnt pathway in ALV-J infected CEF cells. Our data demonstrated that protein expression of β-catenin was decreased significantly post ALV-J infection compared with the normal (P < 0.05). The impact of this down-regulation caused low expression of known target genes (Axin2, CyclinD1, Tcf4 and Lef1). Further, to obtain in vivo evidence, we set up an ALV-J infection model. Post 7 weeks infection, ALV-J infected chickens showed significant growth retardation. Subsequent tests showed that the expression of β-catenin, Tcf1, Tcf4, Lef1, Axin2 and CyclinD1 were down-regulated in muscles of growth retardation chickens. Taken together, all data demonstrated that chicken growth retardation caused by ALV-J associated with down-regulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Wei Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Gen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Pingping Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | | | - Guihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
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Cheng J, Wen S, Wang S, Hao P, Cheng Z, Liu Y, Zhao P, Liu J. gp85 protein vaccine adjuvanted with silica nanoparticles against ALV-J in chickens. Vaccine 2016; 35:293-298. [PMID: 27912987 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the effect of silica nanoparticles as adjuvant for vaccine applications comprised of gp85, a dominating structural protein of J Subgroup Avian Leukosis Virus (ALV-J), and which was evaluated by comparing with the responsiveness induced by that emulsified in Freund adjuvant. Thirty-six chickens were inoculated twice with gp85 adjuvanted with the silica nanoparticles or Freund's adjuvant at the 2nd and 3rd week old. Two weeks later, the inoculated chickens were challenged with a 102.2 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of ALV-J. The blood samples were collected weekly to detect the serum antibodies and viremia. Results showed that positive serum antibodies (S/P value>0.6) against gp85 emerged at the third week in the inoculated chickens, while the antibodies level persisted longer in silica nanoparticles adjuvanted-group to Freund's adjuvanted-group. Furthermore, viremia in silica nanoparticles adjuvanted-group was recovered more quickly compared with Freund's adjuvanted-group. Hence our study revealed that silica nanoparticles can effectively improve the protection of gp85 vaccine against ALV-J and present a better performance than Freund's adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shiyong Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 011018, China; Dezhou Municipal Finance Bureau, Dezhou 253014, China
| | - Shenghua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Pan Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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Qu Y, Liu L, Niu Y, Qu Y, Li N, Sun W, Lv C, Wang P, Zhang G, Liu S. Viral proliferation and expression of tumor-related gene in different chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with different tumorigenic phenotypes of avian leukosis virus subgroup J. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2383-90. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Fang L, Li J, Li Y, Cui S, Sun X, Chang S, Zhao P, Cui Z. Rescue of avian leukosis subgroup-J-associated acutely transforming viruses carrying different lengths of the v-fps oncogene and analysis of their tumorigenicity. Arch Virol 2016; 161:3473-3481. [PMID: 27654667 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, six subgroup J strains of avian leukosis virus (ALV-J)-associated acutely transforming viruses carrying different lengths of the v-fps oncogene, designated as Fu-J and Fu-J1-5, were isolated and characterized from fibrosarcomas in ALV-J-infected chickens. In the present study, the oncogenic potential of Fu-J and Fu-J1-5 was investigated using a reverse genetics technique. Six replication-defective viruses, named rFu-J and rFu-J1-5, were rescued with the replication-competent rescued ALV-J strain rSDAU1005 as a helper virus by co-transfection of chicken embryo fibroblast monolayers with infectious clone plasmids. Experimental bird studies were performed, demonstrating that only the rescued rFu-J virus carrying the complete v-fps oncogene with rSDAU1005 as the helper virus could induce acute fibrosarcoma after inoculation in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. These results provide direct evidence that the replication-defective acutely transforming Fu-J virus, with the complete v-fps oncogene, was associated with acute fibrosarcoma in chickens infected with ALV-J in the field, as reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Lichun Fang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jianliang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Shuai Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xiaolong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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Molecular epidemiology of J-subgroup avian leukosis virus isolated from meat-type chickens in southern China between 2013 and 2014. Arch Virol 2016; 161:3039-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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49
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Identification of a linear B-cell epitope on the avian leukosis virus P27 protein using monoclonal antibodies. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2871-7. [PMID: 27438076 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is an avian oncogenic retrovirus that can induce various clinical tumors. The capsid protein P27 is the group-specific antigen of ALV and has many viral antigen sites that are easy to detect. In this study, we produced a monoclonal antibody (mAb), 3A9, that is specific for the P27 protein. A series of partially overlapping peptides were screened to define (181)PPSAR(185) as the minimal linear epitope recognized by mAb 3A9. The identified epitope could be recognized by chicken anti-ALV and mouse anti-ALV P27 sera. The epitope was highly conserved among a number of ALV-A, ALV-B and ALV-J strains. MAb 3A9 might be a valuable tool for the development of new immunodiagnostic approaches for ALV, and the defined linear epitope might help further our understanding of the antigenic structure of the P27 protein.
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50
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Feng M, Dai M, Xie T, Li Z, Shi M, Zhang X. Innate Immune Responses in ALV-J Infected Chicks and Chickens with Hemangioma In Vivo. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:786. [PMID: 27252695 PMCID: PMC4879323 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infection can cause tumors and immunosuppression. Since the precise mechanism of the innate immune response induced by ALV-J is unknown, we investigated the antiviral innate immune responses induced by ALV-J in chicks and chickens that had developed tumors. Spleen levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-1β, and interferon-β (IFN-β) were not significantly different between the infected chick groups and the control groups from 1 day post hatch to 7 days post hatch. However, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-β protein levels in the three clinical samples with hemangiomas were dramatically increased compared to the healthy samples. In addition, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased sharply in two of three clinical samples. We also found a more than 20-fold up-regulation of ISG12-1 mRNA at 1 day post infection (d.p.i.) and a twofold up-regulation of ZC3HAV1 mRNA at 4 d.p.i. However, there were no statistical differences in ISG12-1 and ZC3HAV1 mRNA expression levels in the tumorigenesis phase. ALV-J infection induced a significant increase of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7) at 1 d.p.i. and dramatically increased the mRNA levels of melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) in the tumorigenesis phase. Moreover, the protein levels of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) were decreased in chickens with tumors. These results suggest that ALV-J was primarily recognized by chicken TLR7 and MDA5 at early and late in vivo infection stages, respectively. ALV-J strain SCAU-HN06 did not induce any significant antiviral innate immune response in 1 week old chicks. However, interferon-stimulated genes were not induced normally during the late phase of ALV-J infection due to a reduction of IRF1 and STAT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
| | - Manman Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhui Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
| | - Meiqing Shi
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park MD, USA
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
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