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Jakab S, Bali K, Homonnay Z, Kaszab E, Ihász K, Fehér E, Mató T, Kiss I, Palya V, Bányai K. Genomic Epidemiology and Evolution of Fowl Adenovirus 1. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2819. [PMID: 37760219 PMCID: PMC10525556 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus 1 (FAdV-1) is the main cause of gizzard erosion in chickens. Whole genome sequencing and sequence analyses of 32 FAdV-1 strains from a global collection provided evidence that multiple recombination events have occurred along the entire genome. In gene-wise phylogenies, only the adenoviral pol gene formed a tree topology that corresponded to whole genome-based phylogeny. Virus genetic features that were clearly connected to gizzard erosion were not identified in our analyses. However, some genome variants tended to be more frequently identified from birds with gizzard erosion and strains isolated from healthy birds or birds with non-specific pathologies tended to form common clusters in multiple gene phylogenies. Our data show that the genetic diversity is greater, and the evolutionary mechanisms are more complex within FAdV-1 than previously thought. The implications of these findings for viral pathogenesis and epidemiology await further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Jakab
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (K.I.); (E.F.)
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bali
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (K.I.); (E.F.)
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zalán Homonnay
- Ceva-Phylaxia Ltd., Szállás u. 5, H-1107 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.H.); (T.M.); (I.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Eszter Kaszab
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (K.I.); (E.F.)
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Ihász
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (K.I.); (E.F.)
| | - Enikő Fehér
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (K.I.); (E.F.)
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Mató
- Ceva-Phylaxia Ltd., Szállás u. 5, H-1107 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.H.); (T.M.); (I.K.); (V.P.)
| | - István Kiss
- Ceva-Phylaxia Ltd., Szállás u. 5, H-1107 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.H.); (T.M.); (I.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Vilmos Palya
- Ceva-Phylaxia Ltd., Szállás u. 5, H-1107 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.H.); (T.M.); (I.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (K.I.); (E.F.)
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
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2
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Detection, Quantification and Molecular Characterization of Fowl Adenoviruses Circulating in Ecuadorian Chicken Flocks during 2019-2021. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020115. [PMID: 36851419 PMCID: PMC9963715 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenoviruses are a group of pathogens that cause large economic losses worldwide in the poultry industry, in addition to producing a wide range of diseases, such as IBH, HHS, and enteric and respiratory diseases. The objective of this study was to quantify, identify, and molecularly characterize the types of FAdV circulating in commercial poultry farms (broilers, breeders, and layers) in Ecuador from 2019 to 2021. Molecular characterization was performed by PCR, quantification by qPCR, and subsequent sequencing for each positive sample. The results indicated that the FAdV genotypes circulating in our country are FAdV-2/D2, FAdV-6/E1, FAdV-8a/E2, and FAdV-11/D3; the samples were grouped into different groups that contain sequences that were obtained from countries in Africa, Asia, and America, and that are found in birds at different ages, since early age where can cause different clinical signs, such as diarrhea, ruffled feathers and dwarfism. Therefore, these results indicate that several genotypes of the virus are circulating in commercial poultry flocks, suggesting that biosecurity measures on farms should be improved, in addition to carrying out new or improved vaccination plans.
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Li S, Zhao R, Yang Q, Wu M, Ma J, Wei Y, Pang Z, Wu C, Liu Y, Gu Y, Liao M, Sun H. Phylogenetic and pathogenic characterization of current fowl adenoviruses in China. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 105:105366. [PMID: 36115642 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) continue to outbreak and cause huge economic losses to the poultry industry in China. The homologous recombination accounts for the diversity serotypes of adenovirus. However, the prevalence, recombination and pathogenicity of current FAdVs remain unclear. Herein, the prevalence, phylogenetic feature and pathogenicity of FAdVs in China in 2019 were characterized. Our findings showed that multiple species and serotypes of FAdVs currently circulate in China, including A, C, D and E species, and 1, 2, 4, 8a and 8b serotypes. Notably, the recombination occurred between FAdV-8a and FAdV-8b, and the recombination regions included Hexon, Fiber, ORF19 and ORF20. All five FAdVs replicated effectively in various chicken tissues, and viral shedding peaked at 4-8 dpi. Except CH/GDSZ/1905(FAdV-1/A), the remaining FAdVs caused obvious inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in 3-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, of which CH/JSXZ/1905(FAdV-4/C) caused hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS) with a mortality rate of 62.5%. Taken together, our findings illustrate the prevalence, recombination and pathogenicity of current FAdVs in China and strengthen surveillance and further pathogenicity studies of FAdVs are extremely urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Qingzhou Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Meihua Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Jinhuan Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Yifan Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Zifeng Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Changrong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Yongxia Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China.
| | - Hailiang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China.
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4
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Complete Genome Analysis and Animal Model Development of Fowl Adenovirus 8b. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081826. [PMID: 36016448 PMCID: PMC9416599 DOI: 10.3390/v14081826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), hydropericardium syndrome, and gizzard erosion associated with fowl adenovirus (FAdV) infection have caused notable economic losses worldwide. In 2020, severe IBH was observed in a layer chicken farm in Hebei Province, China. Liver samples were collected from layer chickens with severe IBH and virus isolation was performed in LMH cells. DNA sequence and bioinformatics analyses were conducted to determine the phylogenetic relationship and the pathogenicity assay was conducted in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. HeB20 strain was isolated and identified as FAdV-8b, and the complete genome was successfully sequenced (GenBank No. OK188966). Although widespread recombination in clinical strains has been reported within FAdVs, HeB20 showed some novel characteristics, and did not show any recombination, highlighting that recombinant and non-recombinant FAdV-8b coexist in the clinic poultry industry. Finally, pathogenicity animal model of HeB20 was developed and showed severe IBH and 10% mortality. Collectively, a new FAdV-8b strain (HeB20) was isolated and responsible for the severe IBH in layer chickens. Complete genome of HeB20 was sequenced and valuable for future epidemiological investigations. HeB20 was capable of inducing severe IBH and 10% mortality in SPF chickens; this animal model provides a powerful tool for the future vaccine development.
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5
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Adel A, Mohamed AAE, Samir M, Hagag NM, Erfan A, Said M, Arafa AES, Hassan WMM, El Zowalaty ME, Shahien MA. Epidemiological and molecular analysis of circulating fowl adenoviruses and emerging of serotypes 1, 3, and 8b in Egypt. Heliyon 2022; 7:e08366. [PMID: 34977398 PMCID: PMC8683735 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) are a large group of viruses of different serotypes. They are responsible for inclusion body hepatitis, adenoviral gizzard erosion, and hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome. The present study presents a comprehensive overview of FAdVs in Egypt, with a focus on the epidemiological features of virus serotypes across the country. We conducted molecular investigation of multiple FAdV species based on the genetic signature of hypervariable regions 1–4 in the loop1 (L1) region of the hexon gene. Epidemiologically, the Nile Delta governorates showed high positivity of FAdVs, which were more commonly found in broilers than in layers. Genetically, species D and serotype 8a/E dominated, and the findings also revealed the emergence of new FAdV serotypes 1, 3, and 8b. The comparative analysis of hypervariable regions in the L1 region of the hexon gene revealed variables specific to each virus serotype. In silico predictions of L1 region revealed variations in the molecular structure and predicted the antigenic epitopes which may affect the cross-antigenicity between the different FAdV species and serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Adel
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd Elhalem Mohamed
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Samir
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M Hagag
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Erfan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Said
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Abd El Satar Arafa
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M M Hassan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E El Zowalaty
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE 75 123, Sweden
| | - Momtaz A Shahien
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
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6
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Yamaguchi M, Miyaoka Y, Hasan MA, Kabir MH, Shoham D, Murakami H, Takehara K. Isolation and molecular characterization of fowl adenovirus and avian reovirus from breeder chickens in Japan in 2019-2021. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 84:238-243. [PMID: 34980758 PMCID: PMC8920717 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) and avian reoviruses (ARVs) are ubiquitous in poultry farms and most of them are not pathogenic, often cause damage to chicks. A total of 104 chicken fecal samples were collected from 7 farms of breeder chickens (layers and broilers) in Japan from 2019 to 2021, and yielded 26 FAdV plus 14 ARV isolates. By sequencing, FAdV isolates were classified as FAdV-1, 5 and 8b. ARV isolates were classified as genotype II, IV and V. These results suggest that FAdVs and ARVs are resident in the breeder chicken farms in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Yu Miyaoka
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Md Amirul Hasan
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Md Humayun Kabir
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Dany Shoham
- Bar-Ilan University, Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies
| | - Harumi Murakami
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.,Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Kazuaki Takehara
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.,Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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7
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Mase M, Hiramatsu K, Nishijima N, Iguchi H, Honda S, Hanyu S, Iseki H, Watanabe S. Fowl Adenoviruses Type 8b Isolated from Chickens with Inclusion Body Hepatitis in Japan. Avian Dis 2021; 64:330-334. [PMID: 33205180 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-20-00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) type 8b isolated from chickens with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in Japan from 2018 to 2019 were characterized serologically and genetically. Serologically, all isolates were well neutralized by antisera against the FAdV-8b strain, but they were not neutralized by antisera against the FAdV-8a strain. Phylogenetic analysis of the part of the hexon protein gene that includes the L1 region revealed that these isolates were all identical. They were also identical to foreign strains such as the SD1356 strain isolated in China and belonged to FAdV-8b. Furthermore, the 2018-19 Japanese IBH 8b isolates were genetically identical to the SD1356 strain by phylogenetic analysis of fiber genes, but they were different from previous Japanese 8b strains. These findings suggest that the 2018-19 Japanese IBH isolates might have been introduced from other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaji Mase
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kanae Hiramatsu
- Oita Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Oita Prefecture, 442 Onozuru, Oita, Oita 870-1153, Japan
| | - Noriko Nishijima
- Seibu Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Shizuoka Prefecture, 392 Nakagori, Higashiku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3111, Japan
| | - Haruka Iguchi
- Tokushima Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Tokushima Prefecture, 5-94, Minamisyoumachi, Tokushima 770-0045, Japan
| | - Sachiko Honda
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Kumamoto Prefecture, 1666-1 shizume Jonanmachi, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 861-4215, Japan
| | - Sachiko Hanyu
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Niigata Prefecture, 686 Hataya, Nishikan, Niigata, Niigata 959-0423, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iseki
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Satoko Watanabe
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
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8
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Kiss I, Homonnay ZG, Mató T, Bányai K, Palya V. Research Note: An overview on distribution of fowl adenoviruses. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101052. [PMID: 33773159 PMCID: PMC8025051 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdV), detected during routine diagnostic investigations from 38 countries (5 continents) over a decade, were partially sequenced and grouped by phylogenetic analysis. The partial polymerase gene nucleotide sequences of the 365 fowl adenovirus isolates resulted in the following species distribution: 11% FAdV-A; 3% FAdV-B; 2% FAdV-C; 34% FAdV-D; and 50% FAdV-E. Noticeably, only 79 of the detected strains could be associated with adenovirus-specific pathologic conditions: 62 (79%) with inclusion body hepatitis; 9 (11%) with gizzard erosion; and 8 (10%) with hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome. The remainder of the FAdV strains was detected as concomitant infection from other disease conditions almost exclusively in boilers of 27 to 42 d of age: the majority of them was FAdV-E followed by FAdV-D, and to a lesser extent of FAdV-A, B, and C, the latter ones have not been associated with any of the established adenovirus-caused syndromes in our collection. The highest ratio of coinfections was observed for FAdV-B (62%), while it was about 30% for the rest of the FAdV species. The most frequent coinfection, in connection with all FAdV species, was with the avian infectious bronchitis virus. The presented database will serve as the basis for comparative whole genome and cross-neutralization analysis of selected FAdV isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kiss
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia Ltd., H-1107 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Z G Homonnay
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia Ltd., H-1107 Budapest, Hungary
| | - T Mató
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia Ltd., H-1107 Budapest, Hungary
| | - K Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - V Palya
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia Ltd., H-1107 Budapest, Hungary
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9
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Mirzazadeh A, Grafl B, Abbasnia M, Emadi-Jamali S, Abdi-Hachesoo B, Schachner A, Hess M. Reduced Performance Due to Adenoviral Gizzard Erosion in 16-Day-Old Commercial Broiler Chickens in Iran, Confirmed Experimentally. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:635186. [PMID: 33598489 PMCID: PMC7882599 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.635186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral gizzard erosion (AGE) in broilers is an emerging infectious disease with negative impact on flock productivity. Despite of known primary etiological role of fowl adenovirus serotype 1 (FAdV-1) in AGE, there are a limited number of field reports worldwide, possibly because the disease is less noticeable and clinically difficult to assess. The present study documents an outbreak of AGE in 16-day-old broiler chickens on a farm in the north of Iran and the reproduction of the disease in an experimental setting. In the field, a sudden onset of mortality was noticed in affected broilers resulting in 6% total mortality and decreased weight gain leading to approximately 1-week delay to reach the target slaughter weight. Necropsy findings in dead broilers revealed black colored content in crop, proventriculus and gizzard together with severe gizzard erosions characterized by multiple black-brown areas of variable size in the koilin layer and mucosal inflammation. Microscopic examination revealed necrotizing ventriculitis marked with severe dissociation of koilin layer and degeneration of glandular epithelium with infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells. FAdV-1 was isolated from affected gizzards. Phylogenetic analysis of the hexon loop-1 (L1) sequence of the isolated virus showed 100% identity with pathogenic FAdV-1 strains previously reported from broiler chickens with AGE. Subsequently, an in vivo study infecting day-old commercial layer chickens with the field isolate demonstrated characteristic lesions and histopathological changes of AGE together with decreased weight gain in the infected birds. For the first time, the progress of a natural outbreak of AGE in Iran is described and experimental reproduction of the disease is demonstrated. The findings highlight the economic impact of the disease for regional poultry production due to mortality and impaired weight gain of the affected broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mirzazadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.,Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrice Grafl
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohammad Abbasnia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sobhan Emadi-Jamali
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahman Abdi-Hachesoo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Anna Schachner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Mase M, Hiramatsu K, Nishijima N, Iseki H, Watanabe S. Identification of specific serotypes of fowl adenoviruses isolated from diseased chickens by PCR. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 83:130-133. [PMID: 33311002 PMCID: PMC7870399 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to facilitate detection of the major disease-associated serotypes of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) including
serotypes 1, 2, 4, 8a and 8b; primers were designed based on serotype-specific sequences of the hexon gene. We tested field isolates from chickens diagnosed
with inclusion body hepatitis, gizzard erosion and hydropericardium syndrome together with reference FAdV strains characterized in Japan. We found that the
primers were serotype specific; appropriate amplification of serotype-specific hexon genes was confirmed by sequence analysis of the PCR products. This PCR
assay will be useful for detection of FAdV and for differentiation between disease-associated serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaji Mase
- Division of Viral Disease and Epidemiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kanae Hiramatsu
- Oita Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Oita Prefecture, 442 Onozuru, Harao, Oita, Oita 870-1153, Japan
| | - Noriko Nishijima
- Chubu Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Shizuoka Prefecture, 1120-1 Noda, Shimada, Shizuoka 427-0007, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iseki
- Division of Viral Disease and Epidemiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Satoko Watanabe
- Division of Viral Disease and Epidemiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
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11
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CHITRADEVI S, SUKUMAR K, SURESH P, BALASUBRAMANIAM GA, KANNAN D. Molecular typing of fowl adenovirus associated with gizzard erosion in commercial layer grower chicken in Tamil Nadu. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i7.106664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to characterize fowl adenovirus associated with commercial layer grower chicken showed gizzard erosion. Ninety four commercial layer grower chicken flocks from Namakkal districts of Tamil Nadu had shown reduced feed intake, reduced weight gain, uneven growth and mortality of 0.3 to 7.7%. On postmortem examination of affected birds showed mild to severe gizzard erosion, blackish discoloration of gizzard contents, pale liver and no major lesions were seen in other organs. Total DNA was extracted and 897 bp fowl adenovirus specific hexon gene was amplified by PCR. Out of 94 flocks screened seven flocks were found positive of fowl adenovirus. Chicken embryo liver cell culture was prepared to isolate field fowl adenovirus from suspected flocks. Concurrent infection of chicken anaemia virus (CAV) was also screened by PCR for 419 bp VP2 gene of CAV and found that all the seven flocks which were PCR positive for FAdV also found positive for CAV. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 897 bp FAdV hexon gene revealed that, it was belonged to FAdV serotypes 2 and 3 of species D.
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12
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Silaen OSM, Murtini S, Pamungkas J, Nugroho CMH. Isolation and molecular characterization of fowl aviadenovirus associated with inclusion body hepatitis from poultry in Banten and West Java, Indonesia. Vet World 2020; 13:1940-1946. [PMID: 33132609 PMCID: PMC7566239 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1940-1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Fowl avidenoviruses (FAdVs) are generally considered ubiquitous, but certain serotypes and strains are known to be associated with primary diseases, such as inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). Since 2018, the outbreak of IBH has been reported in part provinces of Indonesia. This study aimed to isolate and molecularly characterize the FAdV from Banten and West Java Provinces of Indonesia and described the phylogenetic relationship with the FAdV that has been characterized in other countries. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 FAdV archive samples have been collected from January to August 2019 from clinical cases of FAdV infection in Banten and West Java Provinces, Indonesia. Collected samples were inoculated in 10-day-old specific-pathogenic-free chicken embryonated eggs. Hexon gene of FAdV was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a primer set from previous study. To gain a better understanding of the FAdV genetic properties and construct the phylogeny tree, the PCR products were sequenced and subjected to a BLAST search and inferred using the neighbor-joining method by bootstrap test 1000×. Results: FAdV-D and FAdV-E are present in Banten, Indonesia. The phylogenetic analysis of 850 nucleotides that encode 289 amino acid of the partial hexon gene shows that the isolates Broiler/MSL/Ciputat-149/18, Broiler/MSL/Lebak-151/18, and Broiler/MSL/Ciputat-29/19 have 100% homology with FAdV-E TR/BVKE/R/D-1 from Turkey, whereas the isolates Layer/MSL/Ciputat-20/19 and Broiler/MSL/Ciputat-30/19 have 100% homology with FAdV-D strain 685 from Canada. Conclusion: The present study provides updates of the circulating FAdV in commercial poultry flocks in Banten and West Java Provinces, Indonesia. Since the FAdV vaccine was unavailable in Indonesia, this result might be used as guidance to select a proper FAdV vaccine strain. Our result indicates that at least two FAdV species were circulating among poultry in Banten and West Java Provinces, Indonesia; they are FAdV-D and FAdV-E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Sahat Martua Silaen
- Department of Animal Infectious Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory, PT Medika Satwa Laboratories, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Sri Murtini
- Department of Animal Infectious Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Joko Pamungkas
- Department of Animal Infectious Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
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13
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Zhang J, Liu J, An D, Fan Y, Cheng Z, Tang Y, Diao Y. A novel recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid detection of epidemic fowl adenovirus. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6446-6453. [PMID: 33248559 PMCID: PMC7449135 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) has posed a grave threat to the health of poultry, and the sudden outbreak highlights the importance of the new rapid diagnostic method for the control and prevention of transmission. Hence, in the present study, a novel recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay, which was suitable for all 12 serotypes (FAdV-1 to 8a and 8b to 11) had been successfully launched to detect FAdV. Also, the entire amplification process could be completed in the isothermal condition when temperature ranged from 26 to 42°C within no more than 14 min, which was remarkably superior to endpoint polymerase chain reaction (98 min) with the same detecting sensitivity (as low as 0.1 fg viral DNA), avoiding sophisticated thermal cyclers with simple operation. Additionally, the same primers did not produce positive reactions with other viruses tested, demonstrating that the specificity of the RPA assay was acceptable. Moreover, this developed method could be efficiently used in the diagnosis of FAdV references and epidemic strains from different avian origins, thus making it a rapid, reliable, and point-of-care FAdV diagnostics tool, as well as an alternative to endpoint PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Da An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yunhao Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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14
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Wibowo MH, Sahesty A, Mahardika BK, Purwanto B, Lestariningsih CL, Kade Suardana IB, Oka Winaya IB, Irine I, Suryanggono J, Jonas M, Murwijati T, Mahardika GN. Epizootiology, Clinical Signs, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Fowl Adenovirus in Chicken Farms in Indonesia from 2018 to 2019. Avian Dis 2020; 63:619-624. [PMID: 31865676 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-19-00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) infection is an emerging problem in the world poultry industry, especially in broilers, as the causal agent of inclusion body hepatitis or hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome. From December 2017 to January 2019, we recorded 116 cases of suspected hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in chicken farms throughout Indonesia. Necropsy was done on each farm site with three to five freshly dead birds per farm. Tissue samples were collected in virus transport medium and frozen at -20 C. The virus was cultivated in 9-day-old fertilized specific-pathogenic-free chicken eggs. FAdV was detected using polymerase chain reaction with a published primer set. The polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced and subjected to a BLAST search. The phylogeny was inferred using the neighbor-joining method and tested using the bootstrap test. FadV-D and -E are present in Indonesia and confirmed in 40 of 116 suspected cases. The affected chicken ages were 27.27 ± 8.94 days. Most affected farms were raising broiler chickens. The only typical clinical sign was unusual daily mortality of >1%, while the three most frequent pathologic lesions were swelling and hemorrhage of kidney and liver, as well as hydropericardium. To reduce economic loss, a vaccine should be developed immediately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Haryadi Wibowo
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Gajah Mada University, Yogjakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Aprilla Sahesty
- Research and Development Department, PT Medion Farma Jaya, Bandung 40552, Indonesia
| | - Bayu K Mahardika
- The Animal Biomedical and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Udayana University of Bali, Denpasar 80223, Indonesia
| | - Budi Purwanto
- Research and Development Department, PT Medion Farma Jaya, Bandung 40552, Indonesia
| | | | - Ida Bagus Kade Suardana
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University of Bali, Denpasar 80113, Indonesia
| | - Ida Bagus Oka Winaya
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Udayana University of Bali, Denpasar 80113, Indonesia
| | - Ine Irine
- Research and Development Department, PT Medion Farma Jaya, Bandung 40552, Indonesia
| | - Jodi Suryanggono
- Research and Development Department, PT Medion Farma Jaya, Bandung 40552, Indonesia
| | - Melina Jonas
- Research and Development Department, PT Medion Farma Jaya, Bandung 40552, Indonesia
| | - Theresia Murwijati
- Research and Development Department, PT Medion Farma Jaya, Bandung 40552, Indonesia
| | - Gusti Ngurah Mahardika
- The Animal Biomedical and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Udayana University of Bali, Denpasar 80223, Indonesia, .,Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University of Bali, Denpasar 80113, Indonesia,
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15
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Inoue D, Hayashima A, Tanaka T, Ninomiya N, Tonogawa T, Nakazato S, Mase M. Virucidal effect of commercial disinfectants on fowl adenovirus serotype 1 strains causing chicken gizzard erosion in Japan. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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16
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Abghour S, Zro K, Mouahid M, Tahiri F, Tarta M, Berrada J, Kichou F. Isolation and characterization of fowl aviadenovirus serotype 11 from chickens with inclusion body hepatitis in Morocco. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0227004. [PMID: 31891942 PMCID: PMC6938405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted in order to isolate, identify and characterize fowl aviadenovirus associated with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in three poultry farms (two of broiler chickens and one of breeder broiler chickens) in Morocco during 2015. Liver samples collected from affected three poultry farms were examined by histopathological examination. Tissue samples showing necrosis of hepatocytes associated with basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were homogenized and submitted to FAdV isolation in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell cultures and in SPF embryonated eggs. The cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed in the second passage with swelling and rounding of infected cells. The inoculated embryos were hemorrhagic and showed hepatitis with the presence of basophilic intra-nuclear inclusion bodies within hepatocytes. The presence of the virus was confirmed by conventional polymerase chain reaction based on hexon gene from all investigated samples. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of the hexon gene revealed that FAdVs isolated from different affected poultry belonged to FAdV 11 serotype of the D genotype group. This work is the first isolation in cell culture and SPF embryonated eggs of FAdV from Moroccan broilers and breeder broiler chickens with IBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Abghour
- Division of Pharmacy and Veterinary Inputs, ONSSA, Rabat, Morocco
- Hassan 2 Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat, Morocco
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Fatima Tahiri
- Division of Pharmacy and Veterinary Inputs, ONSSA, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Meriam Tarta
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Mohammedia, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Jaouad Berrada
- Hassan 2 Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Faouzi Kichou
- Hassan 2 Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat, Morocco
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17
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Development and application of a novel ELISA for detecting antibodies against group I fowl adenoviruses. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:853-859. [PMID: 31836910 PMCID: PMC7223807 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Since 2015, outbreaks of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) caused by a novel genotype of fowl adenovirus 4 (FAdV-4) infection have created serious economic losses in China. Given that other serotypes of hypervirulent FAdVs have also been reported in poultry around the world, a common ELISA for all serotypes within the group I fowl adenoviruses (FAdV-I) is urgently needed, especially for clinical epidemic serotypes. In this study, we used high purity and concentration virions of FAdV-4 and developed a common ELISA for detecting antibodies against 12 FAdV-I serotypes. The developed ELISA was able to distinguish between antibodies against FAdV-I, FAdV-III, and other heterologous viruses without any cross-reaction. Furthermore, the ELISA showed higher sensitivity than the FAdV-1-based ELISA to the novel FAdV-4 found in China. Moreover, since there are no commercial vaccines against FAdVs in China, the ELISA was applied to detect sera samples from specific pathogen-free chickens inoculated with inactivated FAdV-1, FAdV-4, and FAdV-8a. The assay showed high sensitivities for all three detected serotypes within FAdV-I. In conclusion, a novel, common ELISA for FAdV-I was developed in this study and could be a powerful tool for seroepidemiological investigations and FAdVs vaccine development.
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18
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Grafl B, Berger E, Wernsdorf P, Hess M. Successful reproduction of adenoviral gizzard erosion in 20-week-old SPF layer-type chickens and efficacious prophylaxis due to live vaccination with an apathogenic fowl adenovirus serotype 1 strain (CELO). Vaccine 2019; 38:143-149. [PMID: 31672334 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, outbreaks of adenoviral gizzard erosion (AGE) have been documented in pullets and layers housed free range and in enriched cage systems characterized by increased mortality and a negative impact on egg production. In the present study the pathogenicity of a fowl adenovirus serotype 1 (FAdV-1) field strain as well as the aetiological role of a FAdV-8a strain, both isolated from AGE affected pullets, were investigated in vivo in 20-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) layer-type chickens. Furthermore, the efficacy of a single (week 17) and double (week 14 and 17) application of a live vaccine consisting of an apathogenic FAdV-1 (CELO strain) against challenge with virulent FAdV-1 was investigated. For the first time, AGE was successfully reproduced in adult birds after oral infection of 20-week-old SPF birds with a virulent FAdV-1 field isolate, characterized by pathological changes of the gizzard from 7 days post challenge onwards. In addition, a negative impact of the FAdV-1 infection on the development of the reproductive tract was observed. Thus, confirming the pathogenicity and aetiological role of FAdV-1 in the development of AGE and economic losses due to AGE in layers. In contrast, no pathological changes were observed in birds infected with FAdV-8a. Independent of a single or double application of the live FAdV-1 vaccine strain CELO, no gross pathological changes were observed in gizzards post challenge with the virulent FAdV-1, indicating that complete protection of layers against horizontal induction of AGE was achieved. Nonetheless, virulent FAdV-1 was detected in cloacal swabs and gizzards in both vaccinated groups post challenge determined by the application of an amplification refractory mutation system quantitative PCR used to differentiate between vaccine and challenge strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Grafl
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Evelyn Berger
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Patricia Wernsdorf
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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19
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Ren G, Wang H, Huang M, Yan Y, Liu F, Chen R. Transcriptome analysis of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 infection in chickens. Virus Genes 2019; 55:619-629. [PMID: 31264023 PMCID: PMC6746880 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01676-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is a causative agent of inclusion body hepatitis and hydropericardium–hepatitis syndrome. These diseases cause considerable economic losses in the global poultry industry and are significant stressors for infected chickens. However, the molecular mechanisms of FAdV-4 pathogenesis are poorly understood. In the present study, we identified differentially expressed genes from the livers of FAdV-4-infected chickens using RNA-seq at 7, 14 and 21 days after FAdV-4 infection. We identified 2395 differentially expressed genes at the three time points. These genes were enriched in variety of biological processes and pathways including PPAR and Notch signaling, cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. The transcriptional data were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Our results will assist in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of FAdV-4 infection and for developing novel antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcai Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Manufacture for Animal Epidemic Prevention, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhaoqing, China
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaorong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Manufacture for Animal Epidemic Prevention, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Manufacture for Animal Epidemic Prevention, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhaoqing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
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20
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Kaján GL, Affranio I, Tóthné Bistyák A, Kecskeméti S, Benkő M. An emerging new fowl adenovirus genotype. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01732. [PMID: 31193583 PMCID: PMC6536733 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we examined the diversity of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) types occurring in Hungary. From diseased chicken flocks in Eastern Hungary, 29 FAdV strains were isolated between 2011 and 2015. We performed molecular typing of the isolates based on their partial hexon sequences. The results showed that representatives from every FAdV species from A to E are present in Hungary, but compared to the findings from our previous survey, a lower number of different FAdV types were detected. Inclusion body hepatitis was always associated with FAdV-2 or -8b, gizzard erosion was caused in almost every case by FAdV-1. Numerous strains belonging to species FAdV-B were found. The complete genome sequence of a candidate new genotype strain, showing the highest divergence from the reference FAdV-5, was determined using next generation sequencing. In order to provide results compatible with the serology-based type classification, multiple genomic regions, including the major antigenic determinants, of the new isolate (strain 40440-M/2015) were compared to their counterparts in the prototype FAdV-5 (strain 340) from species FAdV-B, at both nucleotide and amino acid sequence levels. In different comparative analyses, the two strains were always found to have larger divergence between each other than any two of the most closely related FAdV serotypes. This new emerging FAdV genotype is already present in Hungary and Austria, though its exact pathological role requires further investigations. The introduction of a novel FAdV (geno)type for the classification of these strains is further supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Győző L Kaján
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilaria Affranio
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Tóthné Bistyák
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Bornemissza u. 3-7, H-4031, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kecskeméti
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Bornemissza u. 3-7, H-4031, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mária Benkő
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary
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21
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Radwan MM, El-Deeb AH, Mousa MR, El-Sanousi AA, Shalaby MA. First report of fowl adenovirus 8a from commercial broiler chickens in Egypt: molecular characterization and pathogenicity. Poult Sci 2019; 98:97-104. [PMID: 30690614 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to isolate fowl adenovirus (FAdV) circulating in commercial meat-type chicken in Egypt during 2015 and to identify the pathogenicity of the isolated virus. Cloacal swabs were collected from 9 commercial broiler farms from chickens of 3-5 wk of age in Behira province in Egypt during 2015. FAdV was isolated on chicken embryo liver cells. The virus was identified by conventional polymerase chain reaction targeting a conserved region in the hexon gene. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of the L1 loop of the hexon gene revealed that the isolated viruses clustered with reference strains belonging to FAdV serotype 8a. This is the first record of FAdV from Egypt on the GenBank. The isolated virus is closely related to strains directly associated with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) causing considerable economic losses. Pathogenicity study of the virus did not show any mortality, although necropsy and histopathological examination displayed severe hepatitis and degenerative changes in the immune system after 5 d from infection, proving that the virus can cause IBH with intermittent shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Radwan
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11361, Egypt.,Boehringer Ingelheim scientific office, Cairo 11361, Egypt
| | - Ayman H El-Deeb
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11361, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Mousa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11361, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Sanousi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11361, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shalaby
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11361, Egypt
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22
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Schachner A, Matos M, Grafl B, Hess M. Fowl adenovirus-induced diseases and strategies for their control - a review on the current global situation. Avian Pathol 2017; 47:111-126. [PMID: 28950714 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2017.1385724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The stand-alone pathogenicity of fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) had long been disputed, given the ubiquity of the viruses versus sporadic outbreaks, and variation between experimental studies. However, a globally emerging trend of FAdV-associated diseases has marked the past two decades, with hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome mainly in Asia besides Arabian and Latin American countries, and geographically more disseminated outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis. Finally, the appearance of FAdV-induced gizzard erosion (AGE) in Asia and Europe completed the range of diseases. Epidemiological studies confirmed serotype FAdV-4 as agent of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome, whereas inclusion body hepatitis is related to FAdV-2, -8a, -8b and -11. Members of the biologically more distant serotype FAdV-1 induce AGE. Urged by increasing problems in the field, numerous pathogenicity studies with FAdVs from outbreaks substantiated the primary aetiologic role of particular strains for distinct clinical conditions. Developments in the poultry industry towards highly specialized genetic breeds and rigorous biosecurity additionally contribute to the growing incidence of FAdV-related diseases. Confirming field observations, recent studies connected a higher susceptibility of broilers with their distinct physiology, implying the choice of bird type as a factor to be considered in infection studies. Furthermore, elevated biosecurity standards have generated immunologically naïve breeding stocks, putting broilers at risk in face of vertical FAdV transmission. Therefore, future prevention strategies should include adequate antibodies in breeders prior to production and - if necessary - vaccination, in order to protect progenies. This review aims to deliver a detailed overview on the current global situation about FAdV-induced diseases, their reproduction in vivo and vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schachner
- a Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV) , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria
| | - Miguel Matos
- b Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria
| | - Beatrice Grafl
- b Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- a Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV) , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria.,b Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria
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23
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An Inactivated Novel Genotype Fowl Adenovirus 4 Protects Chickens against the Hydropericardium Syndrome That Recently Emerged in China. Viruses 2017; 9:v9080216. [PMID: 28786949 PMCID: PMC5580473 DOI: 10.3390/v9080216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2015, China has experienced outbreaks of severe hydropericardium syndrome (HPS), associated with a novel genotype and hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) infection, with a prevalence in various provinces of the country. This has resulted in huge economic losses in the poultry industry. The novel FAdV-4 showed new genome characters, such as the natural deletion of open reading frame (ORF) 19 and ORF 27 (1966 bp), and high pathogenicity toward chickens. These are coupled with severe hydropericardium, inclusion body hepatitis, and mortality rates ranging from 30% to 90%. Although several inactivated and subunit vaccines against the traditional FAdV-4 have been developed, no commercial vaccine against the emerged disease caused by the novel strain has been available until now. The potential risks of infection with this novel hypervirulent FAdV-4 urgently require an effective vaccine. Thus, an inactivated oil-emulsion FAdV-4 vaccine formulated with the novel genotype virus was developed in this study. The vaccine provided a high level of antibody, preferential T helper 2 (Th2) (interleukin-4 secretion) not Th1 (interferon-γ secretion) response, and full protection against a lethal dose of the novel hypervirulent FAdV-4. Therefore, the novel genotype FAdV-4 vaccine is proposed as an attractive candidate to prevent and reduce the spread of HPS in the poultry industry of China.
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Matczuk AK, Niczyporuk JS, Kuczkowski M, Woźniakowski G, Nowak M, Wieliczko A. Whole genome sequencing of Fowl aviadenovirus A - a causative agent of gizzard erosion and ulceration, in adult laying hens. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 48:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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