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Tate NM, Yamkate P, Xenoulis PG, Steiner JM, Behling‐Kelly EL, Rendahl AK, Wu Y, Furrow E. Clustering analysis of lipoprotein profiles to identify subtypes of hypertriglyceridemia in Miniature Schnauzers. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:971-979. [PMID: 38348783 PMCID: PMC10937497 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is prevalent in Miniature Schnauzers, predisposing them to life-threatening diseases. Varied responses to management strategies suggest the possibility of multiple subtypes. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE To identify and characterize HTG subtypes in Miniature Schnauzers through cluster analysis of lipoprotein profiles. We hypothesize that multiple phenotypes of primary HTG exist in this breed. ANIMALS Twenty Miniature Schnauzers with normal serum triglyceride concentration (NTG), 25 with primary HTG, and 5 with secondary HTG. METHODS Cross-sectional study using archived samples. Lipoprotein profiles, generated using continuous lipoprotein density profiling, were clustered with hierarchical cluster analysis. Clinical data (age, sex, body condition score, and dietary fat content) was compared between clusters. RESULTS Six clusters were identified. Dogs with primary HTG were dispersed among 4 clusters. One cluster showed the highest intensities for triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) fractions and also included 4 dogs with secondary HTG. Two clusters had moderately high TRL fraction intensities and low-to-intermediate LDL intensities. The fourth cluster had high LDL but variable TRL fraction intensities with equal numbers of NTG and mild HTG dogs. The final 2 clusters comprised only NTG dogs with low TRL intensities and low-to-intermediate LDL intensities. The clusters did not appear to be driven by differences in the clinical data. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The results of this study support a spectrum of lipoprotein phenotypes within Miniature Schnauzers that cannot be predicted by triglyceride concentration alone. Lipoprotein profiling might be useful to determine if subtypes have different origins, clinical consequences, and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Tate
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesUniversity of Minnesota, College of Veterinary MedicineSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Punyamanee Yamkate
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A & M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Panagiotis G. Xenoulis
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A & M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of ThessalyKarditsaGreece
| | - Jörg M. Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A & M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Erica L. Behling‐Kelly
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Aaron K. Rendahl
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesUniversity of Minnesota, College of Veterinary MedicineSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Yu‐An Wu
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A & M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Eva Furrow
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesUniversity of Minnesota, College of Veterinary MedicineSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
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Bunn T, Langner K, Foster S, Hayward D, Howard G, Paltrinieri S, Giordano A, Rossi G. Lipoprotein profiles in Miniature Schnauzer dogs with idiopathic hypertriglyceridemia and hypercortisolism. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:205-212. [PMID: 38111301 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231217505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Miniature Schnauzer dogs (MSs) are predisposed to both idiopathic hypertriglyceridemia (iHTG) and hypercortisolism (HCort). To our knowledge, the lipoprotein profiles of MSs with iHTG have not been compared to those with HCort. We analyzed cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and lipoprotein fractions in 4 groups of MSs: normotriglyceridemia (NTG) without concurrent disease (Healthy-NTG), HCort and NTG (HCort-NTG), HCort and HTG (HCort-HTG), and iHTG. Lipoprotein fractions were assessed by lipoprotein electrophoresis and compared between groups. Fifty-one plasma samples were analyzed. Twenty-five dogs had NTG (16 Healthy-NTG, 9 HCort-NTG) and 26 dogs had HTG (7 iHTG, 19 HCort-HTG). Dogs with iHTG or HCort-HTG had significantly higher cholesterol concentrations than Healthy-NTG dogs. Dogs with HCort-HTG had higher cholesterol than HCort-NTG dogs. There was a significantly higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) percentage in iHTG and HCort-HTG dogs than HCort-NTG dogs. HCort-HTG dogs also had lower high-density lipoproteins (HDL) than HCort-NTG dogs. It was not possible to readily distinguish MSs with iHTG from MSs with HCort-HTG or Healthy-NTG using lipoprotein electrophoresis fractions. The diagnosis of iHTG remains a diagnosis by exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Bunn
- Western Australian Veterinary Emergency and Specialty, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kathrin Langner
- Western Australian Veterinary Emergency and Specialty, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Susan Foster
- Vetnostics, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Gretta Howard
- Turramurra Veterinary Hospital, Turramurra, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- Dipartimento di medicina veterinaria e scienze animali, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Giordano
- Dipartimento di medicina veterinaria e scienze animali, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rossi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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White LM, Gifford SJ, Kaufman G, Gese E, Peyton MA, Parmenter RR, Cain JW. Seroprevalence, Blood Chemistry, and Patterns of Canine Parvovirus, Distemper Virus, Plague, and Tularemia in Free-Ranging Coyotes (Canis latrans) in Northern New Mexico, USA. J Wildl Dis 2024; 60:14-25. [PMID: 37889940 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-22-00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Wildlife diseases have implications for ecology, conservation, human health, and health of domestic animals. They may impact wildlife health and population dynamics. Exposure rates of coyotes (Canis latrans) to pathogens such as Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, may reflect prevalence rates in both rodent prey and human populations. We captured coyotes in north-central New Mexico during 2005-2008 and collected blood samples for serologic surveys. We tested for antibodies against canine distemper virus (CDV, Canine morbillivirus), canine parvovirus (CPV, Carnivore protoparvovirus), plague, tularemia (Francisella tularensis), and for canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) antigen. Serum biochemistry variables that fell outside reference ranges were probably related to capture stress. We detected antibodies to parvovirus in 32/32 samples (100%), and to Y. pestis in 26/31 (84%). More than half 19/32 (59%) had antibodies against CDV, and 5/31 (39%) had antibodies against F. tularensis. We did not detect any heartworm antigens (n = 9). Pathogen prevalence was similar between sexes and among the three coyote packs in the study area. Parvovirus exposure appeared to happen early in life, and prevalence of antibodies against CDV increased with increasing age class. Exposure to Y. pestis and F. tularensis occurred across all age classes. The high coyote seroprevalence rates observed for CPV, Y. pestis, and CDV may indicate high prevalence in sympatric vertebrate populations, with implications for regional wildlife conservation as well as risk to humans via zoonotic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M White
- New Mexico State University, Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Ecology, PO Box 30003, MSC 4901, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - Suzanne J Gifford
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
- US Forest Service, 4389 US-4, Mendon, Vermont 05701, USA
| | - Gail Kaufman
- Consulting DVM, 8631 Groundsel RD NW, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87120, USA
| | - Eric Gese
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
- US Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Utah Field Station, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 83222, USA
| | - Mark A Peyton
- National Park Service, Valles Caldera National Preserve, PO Box 359, Jemez Springs, New Mexico 87025, USA
| | - Robert R Parmenter
- National Park Service, Valles Caldera National Preserve, PO Box 359, Jemez Springs, New Mexico 87025, USA
| | - James W Cain
- US Geological Survey, New Mexico Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, New Mexico State University, Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Ecology, PO Box 30003, MSC 4901, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
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Yi KC, Heseltine JC, Jeffery ND, Cook AK, Nabity MB. Effect of withholding food versus feeding on creatinine, symmetric dimethylarginine, cholesterol, triglycerides, and other biochemical analytes in 100 healthy dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:626-634. [PMID: 36786663 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Withholding food is often recommended before collection of blood for routine biochemical analysis in dogs despite a paucity of evidence to support this requirement. OBJECTIVES To compare measurements of selected biochemical analytes collected before and after feeding in clinically healthy dogs. ANIMALS One hundred clinically healthy staff- and student-owned dogs weighing ≥15 kg. METHODS Prospective observational study. Food was withheld from the dogs for 10-26 hours. Preprandial serum was collected, and then dogs were fed their usual food at an amount equivalent to at least 2/3 resting energy requirement (RER). Selected serum analytes were measured at 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-hours postprandially. The proportion of postprandial values that exceeded either the reported allowable total error (TEa), or for symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), the reference change value (RCV), was determined. As neither TEa nor RCV is available for lipase, comparison was made to the high end of the reference interval (RI). RESULTS The proportion of dogs with at least 1 postprandial measurement that exceeded the TEa or RCV was 92/100 for triglycerides, 66/100 for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 46/100 for phosphorus, 17/100 for glucose, 9/100 for bilirubin, 5/100 for SDMA, 2/100 for creatinine, and 0/100 for cholesterol and albumin. Postprandial lipase never exceeded the RI in dogs with normal fasted lipase. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Withholding food is generally not necessary before performing routine biochemical analysis in clinically healthy dogs. Withholding food might be helpful to limit variability in analytes impacted by feeding, such as triglycerides and phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina C Yi
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Johanna C Heseltine
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Nicholas D Jeffery
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Audrey K Cook
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Mary B Nabity
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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da Silva Nunes PC, Mazzarella R, da Silveira JC, Dellova DCAL. Evaluation of circulating extracellular vesicles and miRNA in neutered and obese female dogs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16439. [PMID: 36180561 PMCID: PMC9525304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a metabolic and endocrine organ, and its adipocytes can synthesize and secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), thus allowing intercellular communication. EVs are nanoparticles that transport lipids, proteins, metabolites, and nucleic acids (mRNA and microRNAs). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. miR-132, miR-26b, and miR-155 are associated with obesity, lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the enriched EVs fraction containing miRNAs (miR-132, miR-26b, and miR-155) in serum from obese female dogs. Thirty-two neutered females in good general condition were recruited, including 21 obese and 11 healthy controls. The initial evaluation of the females included a general physical examination and laboratory tests. Small EVs (sEVs) were isolated from whole blood by serial centrifugation and ultracentrifugation, and nanoparticle analysis was used to determine the size and concentration of serum sEVs. miRNAs were extracted from sEVs enriched fraction and analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Obese female dogs with hypertriglyceridemia showed an increase in the sEVs concentration and in the expression of miR-132 and miR-26b in sEVs enriched fraction. No changes were observed in the group of obese female dogs with normal serum biochemical profile and in relation to miR-155 expression. These results suggest that obese female dogs with hypertriglyceridemia may present alterations in sEVs and in the expression of miRNAs related to lipid metabolism and adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Caroline da Silva Nunes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Rosane Mazzarella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Juliano Coelho da Silveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Deise Carla Almeida Leite Dellova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil.
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Maruyama T, Kobayashi T, Sugiura Y, Yoneda T, Ekuni D, Morita M. Association between serum miRNAs and gingival gene expression in an obese rat model. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:502-509. [PMID: 35234284 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have reported a relationship between periodontitis and obesity; however, the mechanisms of obesity's effects on periodontitis are not well understood. On the other hand, microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play key roles in the post-transcriptional regulation gene expression by suppressing translation and protein synthesis. We examined the association between obesity-related miRNAs and gene expression in gingival tissue using miRNA-messenger RNA (mRNA) pairing analysis in an obese rat model. METHODS Sixteen male Wistar rats aged 8 weeks old were divided into two groups: the control group was fed a normal powdered food for 8 weeks, and the obesity group was fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. Distance from the cement-enamel junction to the alveolar bone crest of the first molars was measured. miRNA microarray analysis was performed on samples of serum and gingival tissue; the resulting data were used to calculate fold changes in miRNA levels in the obesity group relative to the control group, and miRNA-mRNA pairing analysis was performed to identify mRNAs potentially targeted by miRNAs of interest. RESULTS Alveolar bone loss in the obesity group exceeded that in the control group (p = .017). miRNA-mRNA pairing analysis identified an association between 4 miRNAs (miR-759, miR-9a-3p, miR-203b-3p, and miR-878) that were differentially expressed in the obesity and control groups and 7 genes (Ly86, Arid5b, Rgs18, Mlana, P2ry13, Kif1b, and Myt1) expressed in gingival tissue. CONCLUSION This study revealed that several miRNAs play an important role in the mechanism of periodontal disease progression induced by the obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Maruyama
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Terumasa Kobayashi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sugiura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yoneda
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Manabu Morita
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Bau-Gaudreault L, Arndt T, Provencher A, Brayton CF. Research-Relevant Clinical Pathology Resources: Emphasis on Mice, Rats, Rabbits, Dogs, Minipigs, and Non-Human Primates. ILAR J 2021; 62:203-222. [PMID: 34877602 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical pathology testing for investigative or biomedical research and for preclinical toxicity and safety assessment in laboratory animals is a distinct specialty requiring an understanding of species specific and other influential variables on results and interpretation. This review of clinical pathology principles and testing recommendations in laboratory animal species aims to provide a useful resource for researchers, veterinary specialists, toxicologists, and clinical or anatomic pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Bau-Gaudreault
- Clinical Laboratories, Charles River Laboratories - ULC, Senneville, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tara Arndt
- Labcorp Drug Development, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Anne Provencher
- Clinical Laboratories, Charles River Laboratories - ULC, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cory F Brayton
- Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, John Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Sakai A, Iwatani N, Harada K. Improvement Effect of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Hyperlipidemia in Miniature Schnauzer Dogs: An Open Study in 5 Cases of One Pedigree. Yonago Acta Med 2020; 63:234-238. [PMID: 32884444 DOI: 10.33160/yam.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study to examine the long-term effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid mainly on serum lipoproteins in dogs with hyperlipidemia. We studied 5 Miniature Schnauzer cases whose fasting serum total triglyceride and very-low-density lipoprotein of triglyceride levels were extremely high (635 ± 116 and 520 ± 92 mg/dL, respectively). Although the total cholesterol values were normal, the very-low-density lipoprotein of cholesterol level was high (49 ± 7 mg/dL). Each dog received a 5-aminolevulinic acid supplement (5 mg/day) orally for 6 months. The mean values of total triglyceride, very-low-density lipoprotein of both triglyceride and cholesterol decreased significantly after the treatment period (319 ± 29, 245 ± 18, and 27 ± 2 mg/dL, respectively, P < 0.05). Our present results may present evidence that 5-ALA administration contributes to improvement of hyperlipidemia in Miniature Schnauzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Sakai
- One Health Business Department, Neopharma Japan Co., Ltd., Tokyo 102-0071, Japan.,Anchor Trust Animal Hospital, Tokyo
| | - Nao Iwatani
- One Health Business Department, Neopharma Japan Co., Ltd., Tokyo 102-0071, Japan.,Anchor Trust Animal Hospital, Tokyo
| | - Kazuki Harada
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
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Sato Y, Arai N, Yasuda H, Mizoguchi Y. Clinofibrate improved canine lipid metabolism in some but not all breeds. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:945-949. [PMID: 29576583 PMCID: PMC6021890 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess if Clinofibrate (CF) treatment improved lipid metabolism in dogs, and to clarify whether its efficacy is influenced by canine characteristics. We collected medical records of 306 dogs and performed epidemiological analyses. Lipid values of all lipoproteins were significantly decreased by CF medication, especially VLDL triglyceride (TG) concentration (mean reduction rate=54.82%). However, 17.65% of dogs showed drug refractoriness in relation to TG level, and Toy Poodles had a lower CF response than other breeds (OR=5.36, 95% CI=2.07-13.90). Therefore, our study suggests that genetic factors may have an effect on CF response, so genetic studies on lipid metabolism-related genes might be conducted to identify variations in CF efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohtaro Sato
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Arai
- Spectrum Lab Japan, 1-5-22-201 Midorigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-0034, Japan
| | - Hidemi Yasuda
- Yasuda Veterinary Clinic, 1-5-22 Midorigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-0034, Japan
| | - Yasushi Mizoguchi
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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Seage EC, Drobatz KJ, Hess RS. Spectrophotometry and Ultracentrifugation for Measurement of Plasma Lipids in Dogs with Diabetes Mellitus. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 32:93-98. [PMID: 29193277 PMCID: PMC5787174 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are conflicting reports of plasma lipoprotein lipid content in dogs with diabetes mellitus (DM). Objectives To determine lipoprotein lipid content of plasma of dogs with DM by spectrophotometry and ultracentrifugation; to compare lipoprotein lipid content in diabetic and healthy dogs; and to quantify apolipoprotein B‐100 (ApoB) in dogs with DM. Animals 22 dogs with DM and 9 healthy dogs. Methods Cross‐sectional study. Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) concentrations were measured by spectrophotometry. Very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‐C) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) concentrations were calculated after ultracentrifugation. Non‐HDL‐C cholesterol was calculated by subtracting HDL‐C from TC. ApoB was quantified by ELISA. The Mann‐Whitney test was used for comparison of median lipoprotein concentrations, and Spearman's correlation was used to assess associations between ApoB and lipoprotein fractions. Results All values are reported in mg/dL. Median TG (122), TC (343.5), HDL‐C, (200), VLDL‐C, (27) LDL‐C (68), non‐HDL‐C (114), and ApoB (320) were significantly higher in dogs with DM, compared to healthy dogs (57, 197, 168, 12, 16, 31, and 258, respectively, P‐values 0.0079, <0.001, 0.029, 0.011, <0.001, <0.001, 0.025, respectively). A significant association was found between ApoB and LDL‐C (Spearman's rho = 0.41, P = 0.022) and between ApoB and non‐HDL‐C (Spearman's rho = 0.40, P = 0.027). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Dyslipidemia of dogs with DM is characterized by pronounced increases in LDL‐C and non‐HDL‐C concentrations, although all lipoprotein fractions are significantly increased. Knowledge of specific lipoprotein fraction alterations in dogs with DM can enhance treatment options for diabetic dyslipidemia in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Seage
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - K J Drobatz
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - R S Hess
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Araki R, Ushio R, Fujie K, Ueyama Y, Suzuki H, Nakata Y, Hashimoto K. Effect of partially-abraded brown rice consumption on body weight and the indicators of glucose and lipid metabolism in pre-diabetic adults: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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12
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Preventive Effects of Drinking Hydrogen-Rich Water on Gingival Oxidative Stress and Alveolar Bone Resorption in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9010064. [PMID: 28098768 PMCID: PMC5295108 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity induces gingival oxidative stress, which is involved in the progression of alveolar bone resorption. The antioxidant effect of hydrogen-rich water may attenuate gingival oxidative stress and prevent alveolar bone resorption in cases of obesity. We examined whether hydrogen-rich water could suppress gingival oxidative stress and alveolar bone resorption in obese rats fed a high-fat diet. Male Fischer 344 rats (n = 18) were divided into three groups of six rats each: a control group (fed a regular diet and drinking distilled water) and two experimental groups (fed a high-fat diet and drinking distilled water or hydrogen-rich water). The level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine was determined to evaluate oxidative stress. The bone mineral density of the alveolar bone was analyzed by micro-computerized tomography. Obese rats, induced by a high-fat diet, showed a higher gingival level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and a lower level of alveolar bone density compared to the control group. Drinking hydrogen-rich water suppressed body weight gain, lowered gingival level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and reduced alveolar bone resorption in rats on a high-fat diet. The results indicate that hydrogen-rich water could suppress gingival oxidative stress and alveolar bone resorption by limiting obesity.
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