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Mongkonwattanaporn T, Lertwatcharasarakul P, Rukkwamsuk T. Development of in-house ELISA based on recombinant gag proteins of small ruminant lentiviruses isolated from goats in Thailand. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3636. [PMID: 38351130 PMCID: PMC10864301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs), are grouped in Retroviridae family, remain a significant loss in the small ruminant husbandry. As a result of unavailability of vaccine and effective treatment, the diagnosis plays a crucial role for the control of SRLV infection. However, the major challenge of diagnosis of SRLV infection is the genetic and antigenic variability of the viruses that can lead to a failure in serological detection. This study investigated the circulating strains of the viruses in goats in Thailand and an in-house ELISA was developed. The coding sequences for gag protein were optimized, synthesized, and expressed in Escherichia coli for increasing the sensitivity of ELISA test. A total of 365 serum samples were examined against the recombinant protein in an in-house ELISA. The results showed that the recombinant gag achieves 96.67% sensitivity and 93.18% specificity as compared with the commercially available ELISA test kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatchapon Mongkonwattanaporn
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Malaiman Road, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Preeda Lertwatcharasarakul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Malaiman Road, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Theera Rukkwamsuk
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Malaiman Road, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand.
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2
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Kolbasova O, Sevskikh T, Titov I, Kolbasov D. Isolation and Identification of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus from Animals in the Republic of Mordovia. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2290. [PMID: 37508067 PMCID: PMC10375997 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents the results of virological and genetic studies of an isolate of caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) virus from the republic of Mordovia, Russian Federation. The isolate was found during monitoring studies of goat blood samples for the viral genome, and the presence of antibodies to lentiviruses was detected. According to the recommendation of the OIE, the positive result of PCR was confirmed with nucleotide sequencing. It was found that the obtained nucleotide sequence is identical to the genome of small ruminant lentiviruses presented in the GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate "Mordovia-2018" was included in the same cluster with an isolate from the Tver region of the Russian Federation detected in 2008. The sequence of the fragment of the env-gene of the isolate from the republic of Mordovia is available in GenBank under the number MN186380.1. To isolate the virus, a fraction of peripheral blood monocyte cells from the animal's blood was added to a monolayer of lamb synovial membrane cell culture, and ten passages were carried out. The first manifestations of the cytopathic effect were observed after the third passage on the eighth day of cultivation in the form of single large cells of irregular shape with 5-7 nuclei. At the seventh passage, multiple syncytium with 7-12 nuclei were observed. At subsequent passage levels, the formation of syncytium containing more than 10-14 nuclei was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kolbasova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street, Bldg. 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia
| | - Timofey Sevskikh
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street, Bldg. 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia
| | - Ilya Titov
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street, Bldg. 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia
| | - Denis Kolbasov
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street, Bldg. 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia
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3
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Kaba J, Czopowicz M, Kuźmak J, Olech M, Witkowski L, Moroz-Fik A, Mickiewicz M, Biernacka K, Nalbert T, Bereznowski A, Szaluś-Jordanow O, Potârniche AV, Spinu M, Markowska-Daniel I, Bagnicka E. A large-scale study on the seroprevalence of small ruminant lentiviral infection in the Polish goat population. Prev Vet Med 2023; 213:105885. [PMID: 36889196 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
A large-scale study was carried out in a Polish goat population in 2014-2022 to determine the herd-level (between-herd) and within-herd seroprevalence of small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection. A total of 8354 adult goats (aged >1 year) from 165 herds located in various regions of Poland were serologically tested using a commercial ELISA. One hundred twenty eight herds were randomly selected while 37 were enrolled based on convenience non-random sampling. At least 1 seropositive result was obtained in 103 / 165 herds. For all these herds the probability that they were truly positive (herd-level positive predictive value) was calculated. It was ≥ 90% in 91 seropositive herds and 73% to < 90% in 12 herds in which only 1-4 goats were seropositive (22 goats in total). The seropositive goats in the latter herds were retested using a different commercial ELISA and 14 goats (9 males and 5 females) from 9 herds were confirmed to be seropositive (serial testing). The true herd-level seroprevalence was estimated at 61% (95% confidence interval [CI 95%]: 53%-68%). It differed significantly between herd size classes (p = 0.003): the highest prevalences were found in the medium (51 - 100 adult goats) and large herds (>100 adult goats) - 72% (CI 95%: 56-84%) and 86% (CI 95%: 67%-95%), respectively, while prevalences in very small (≤ 20 adult goats) and small herds (21 - 50 adult goats) were 46% (CI 95%: 34%-59%) and 57% (CI 95%: 43%-70%), respectively. The true herd-level seroprevalence differed significantly also between geographical regions of Poland (p = 0.003), with the highest values in the north-western and the lowest in the southern region of the country. The true within-herd seroprevalence estimated using a Bayesian approach ranged from 0.7% to 100% with the median (IQR) of 42% (17%-84%), and did not vary significantly between herd size classes (p = 0.393) or geographical regions of Poland (p = 0.570). Concluding, SRLV infection is widespread in the Polish goat population, the north-western region of Poland is most extensively infected, and herds counting > 50 adult goats are more often infected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Kaba
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Czopowicz
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jacek Kuźmak
- Department of Biochemistry, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Monika Olech
- Department of Pathology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Lucjan Witkowski
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Moroz-Fik
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Mickiewicz
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Biernacka
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Nalbert
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bereznowski
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Szaluś-Jordanow
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrian-Valentin Potârniche
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marina Spinu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iwona Markowska-Daniel
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Bagnicka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
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4
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Son GI, Hong EJ, Shin HJ. Case Report: A Case of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis in Dairy Goat Farms in South Korea. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:773039. [PMID: 34950725 PMCID: PMC8688911 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.773039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One Saanen dairy goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) farm in Korea reported that some goats showed clinical signs such as arthritis, paralysis, carpal joint swelling, and even death. We monitored clinical signs and pathological lesions. In the laboratory, we confirmed caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We examined all the dairy goats on the farm and found that many of them were positive. In conclusion, CAEV infection was detected in the majority of the goats in this farm, and it induced severe clinical signs impacting productivity and causing important economic shortfalls. We need to regularly investigate all dairy goat farms, and, more importantly, inspection of the quarantine stage should be required before importation. Interestingly, we found all negative results in Korean native black goats (Capra hircus linnaeus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-In Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine at Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine at Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine at Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine at Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine at Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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5
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Shuralev EA, Khammadov NI, Osyanin KA, Elizarova IA, Salmanova GR, Shamaev ND, Petrov SV, Whelan C, Saushkin NY, Samsonova JV, Galimzyanov IG, Efimova MA, Khaertynov KS, Faizov TK, Mukminov MN, Ivanov AV. Initial multi-target approach shows importance of improved caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus control program in Russia for hobbyist goat farms. Vet World 2021; 14:1718-1726. [PMID: 34475691 PMCID: PMC8404134 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1718-1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Several reports described the detection of specific caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) antibodies in Russian goat populations, which indicates the circulation of CAEV in Russian goat farms. The aim of this study was to use a multi-target approach to testing with both serological tests and an in-house real-time (RT) molecular test to investigate the prevalence of CAEV in goats from three hobbyist farms in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Materials and Methods: We applied a multi-target approach to testing with both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an in-house RT polymerase chain reaction test to investigate the prevalence of CAEV in goats. Animals from the three hobbyist farms were used in this study. The animals from two farms (n=13 for F1 and n=8 for F2) had clinical signs of arthritis and mastitis. In the third farm (n=15 for F3), all goats were home-bred and had no contact with imported animals. Results: CAEV antibodies (ELISA targets TM env and gag genes) were detected in serum samples from two farms (F1 and F2), indicating seroprevalence of 87.50-92.31%. Specific CAEV antibodies were also detected in milk samples. CAEV proviral DNA was detected in 53.85-62.50%. The results from all tests performed in the third farm (F3) were negative, indicating that all tests were 100% specific. Conclusion: The results showed that CAEV is circulating and present in small hobbyist goat farms in Russia. Serological and molecular tests could be important for programs to control and eradicate CAEV in Russia for hobbyist goat farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard A Shuralev
- Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420008, Russian Federation.,Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420075, Russian Federation.,Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy - Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420012, Russian Federation.,Department of Epizootology and Parasitology, Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420029, Russian Federation
| | - Nail I Khammadov
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420075, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A Osyanin
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420075, Russian Federation
| | - Inna A Elizarova
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420075, Russian Federation
| | - Gaysha R Salmanova
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420075, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai D Shamaev
- Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420008, Russian Federation.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yana 1-1, Gifu-city, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Sergei V Petrov
- Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420008, Russian Federation.,Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy - Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420012, Russian Federation
| | - Clare Whelan
- Research and Development Department, Enfer Scientific, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Nikolai Yu Saushkin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-11 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Jeanne V Samsonova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-11 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Ilsur G Galimzyanov
- Department of Surgery, Obstetrics, and Pathology of Companion Animals, Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420029, Russian Federation
| | - Marina A Efimova
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420075, Russian Federation.,Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy - Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420012, Russian Federation.,Department of Epizootology and Parasitology, Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420029, Russian Federation
| | - Kamil S Khaertynov
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420075, Russian Federation.,Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy - Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420012, Russian Federation
| | - Tagir Kh Faizov
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420075, Russian Federation
| | - Malik N Mukminov
- Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420008, Russian Federation.,Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy - Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420012, Russian Federation
| | - Arkadiy V Ivanov
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32A Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, 119334, Russian Federation
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6
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Paul BT, Hashi HA, Burhannuddin NN, Chung ELT, Jesse FFA, Lila MAM, Haron AW, Amat AC, Abba Y, Maqbool A, Bhutto KUR, Isa KM, Amira NA, Odhah MN, Hambali IU, Norsidin MJ. Further Insights Into Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE): The Current Status of Seroprevalence Among Small Ruminants in Two Selected States of Peninsular Malaysia. Trop Life Sci Res 2021; 32:83-96. [PMID: 34367516 PMCID: PMC8300945 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2021.32.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a member of the genus lentivirus causing caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE), a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the lungs, joints, udder and central nervous system of small ruminants such as sheep and goats. CAE is distributed worldwide and is recognised as a significant cause of morbidity and decreased milk production in dairy goats. Earlier studies highlighted the clinicopathological features and supplied preliminary serological evidence for the existence of CAE among selected goat herds in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aims to provide further insights into the seroprevalence and contributing factors of CAE among sheep and goat herds in two states of Peninsular Malaysia. The blood samples and biodata were randomly collected from a total of 262 individual sheep (40) and goat (222) in seven smallholder farms. Blood sera were tested for specific anti-CAEV antibodies using Qayee-Bio CAEV sandwich-ELISA test kits according to standard procedures. Our results of the study revealed 21.4% (95% CI: 15.8-28.6) apparent and 20.6% (95% CI: 14.5-27.8) true seroprevalence with significant differences (p < 0.05) in seroconversion rates between the states, farms, production systems and breeds of small ruminants. The prevalence of CAE in the Malaysian Peninsular is a potential threat to the small ruminant industry and developing agricultural economy. Further studies are required to determine the genetic characteristics, distribution and risk factors of CAEV for effective prevention and control in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bura Thlama Paul
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri 600233, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Hamza Abdirahman Hashi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Najwa Burhannuddin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eric Lim Teik Chung
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abd Wahid Haron
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azlan Che Amat
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yusuf Abba
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri 600233, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Arsalan Maqbool
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khaleeq ur Rehman Bhutto
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kamarulrizal Mat Isa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Azhar Amira
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Naji Odhah
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Idris Umar Hambali
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri 600233, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Mohd Jefri Norsidin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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7
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Potarniche AV, Cerbu CG, Czopowicz M, Szalus-Jordanow O, Kaba J, Spinu M. The epidemiological background of small ruminant lentivirus infection in goats from Romania. Vet World 2020; 13:1344-1350. [PMID: 32848309 PMCID: PMC7429392 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1344-1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is an economically significant viral disease of goats caused by a small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) belonging to Retroviridae family. This study aimed to summarize current information on the epidemiological status of SRLVs infection in the population of goats from Romania and to point out the CAE incidence throughout the 2008-2018 periods. Materials and Methods: An exhaustive review of the papers published in the international literature concerning the epidemiological status of CAE in Romania was carried out using electronic databases, and available statistical data from the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) regarding the incidence of the disease between 2008 and 2018 were analyzed. Results: The true individual-level seroprevalence of CAE was estimated in 13 of 42 counties (31%) and ranged from 0.4% to roughly 40%. One hundred eighty-two outbreaks from 14 counties (33%) were reported, with a peak in 2010. Conclusion: The findings sourcing in the literature are very scarce and show disagreement with the situation reported by the national veterinary authorities. Lack of SRLVs screening policies represents the main obstacle in limiting the spread of the disease. Romania’s National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority should implement a program for diagnosis and surveillance of the disease to build a straightforward epidemiological picture that represents a prerequisite of any control and eradication program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian-Valentin Potarniche
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Constantin Gheorghe Cerbu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Michal Czopowicz
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Szalus-Jordanow
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Kaba
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marina Spinu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
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8
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Cirone F, Maggiolino A, Cirilli M, Sposato A, De Palo P, Ciappetta G, Pratelli A. Small ruminant lentiviruses in goats in southern Italy: Serological evidence, risk factors and implementation of control programs. Vet Microbiol 2018; 228:143-146. [PMID: 30593360 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) can drastically affect milk production in goat flocks and only an early detection can control and prevent their spread. Since SRLVs are responsible for persistent infections, antibody screening is the most valuable tool to identify infected animals. ELISA is recommended as the election test both for its sensitivity and for its ability to detect low antibody titers, thus identifying infected animals earlier than agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID). In the present study, an investigation was conducted to assess the SRLV seroprevalence in goat flocks in southern Italy and a transversal comparative study was carried out through the analysis of the possible risk factors influencing SRLV spread. A total of 4800 sera from 1060 flocks were analyzed and overall seroprevalences of 18,64% and 51,69% at animal and herd levels, respectively, were observed. Both the region and the herd production systems were able to affect seroprevalence, differently from the herd size, probably because the mean number of goats per herd is low and the semi-intensive management is similar regardless of the dimensional class of each herd. In particular, meat producing herds showed the higher seroprevalence, as a result of the poor sanitation and low animal monitoring in comparison to milk producing herds, where animals are managed twice daily and the relationship between dams and kids is checked to guarantee an adequate quantitative/qualitative milk yield. In the absence of vaccines or effective treatments, health preventive management and seroepidemiological investigations are the only successful approach to restrict SRLV spread as observed in countries were official/voluntary control programs are carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cirone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine- University of Bari, Sp Casamassima Km3, 70010 Valenzano, Ba, Italy
| | - Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine- University of Bari, Sp Casamassima Km3, 70010 Valenzano, Ba, Italy
| | - Margie Cirilli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine- University of Bari, Sp Casamassima Km3, 70010 Valenzano, Ba, Italy
| | - Alessio Sposato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine- University of Bari, Sp Casamassima Km3, 70010 Valenzano, Ba, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine- University of Bari, Sp Casamassima Km3, 70010 Valenzano, Ba, Italy
| | - Giacinto Ciappetta
- ASP CS Distretto Jonio Nord, Via G. Leopardi 2, 87075, Trebisacce, Cs, Italy
| | - Annamaria Pratelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine- University of Bari, Sp Casamassima Km3, 70010 Valenzano, Ba, Italy.
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9
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Abstract
Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs), which comprise caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) and maedi-visna virus (MVV), are prevalent in goats and sheep worldwide, including in Japan. However, little is known about the molecular characteristics of goat lentiviruses in Japan. In this study, a molecular and phylogenetic analysis of the long gag region was performed. The phylogenic tree demonstrated that all samples belonged to SRLV subtype B1. Two clusters were identified, with one cluster distinct from previously reported strains of subtype B1. In addition, several alterations in the amino acid sequence were detected in immunodominant epitopes of the gag region. To gain a deeper understanding of the genetic diversity of SRLVs in Japan, it will be necessary to increase the sample size and conduct a broader survey. The present report is important for establishing baseline information on the prevalence of SRLV in Japan and providing data to develop a new, more sensitive diagnostic test for effective control of SRLV.
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Yang WC, Chen HY, Wang CY, Pan HY, Wu CW, Hsu YH, Su JC, Chan KW. High prevalence of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) in Taiwan revealed by large-scale serological survey. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 79:273-276. [PMID: 27916786 PMCID: PMC5326930 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a large-scale serological survey of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus
(CAEV) infection was conducted between March 2011 and October 2012. 3,437 goat blood or
milk samples were collected from 65 goat farms throughout Taiwan. A commercial ELISA kit
was used to detect antibodies against CAEV. The overall seropositive rate was 61.7%
(2,120/3,437) in goats and in 98.5% (64/65) of goat farms. These results provide the first
large-scale serological evidence for the presence of CAEV infection, indicating that the
disease is widespread in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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