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Wang Y, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Yan J, Ren C, Ma H, Cui Z. An 8-week ketogenic diet improves exercise endurance and liver antioxidant capacity after weight loss in obese mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1322936. [PMID: 38223504 PMCID: PMC10785402 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1322936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Evolving evidence supports the role of the ketogenic diet (KD) in weight loss. However, no coherent conclusions are drawn on its impact on the effect of KD on exercise and antioxidant capacity after weight loss in obese individuals. We evaluated the exercise performance, energy metabolism and antioxidant capacity of mice after weight loss using high-fat diet-induced obese mice, and used KD and normal diet (ND) intervention, respectively, to provide a theoretical basis for further study of the health effects of KD. Our results showed that the 8-week KD significantly reduced the body weight of obese mice and improved the performance of treadmill exercise, but had no significant effect on grip strength. Serum biochemical results suggest that KD has the risk of elevating blood lipid. In liver tissue, KD significantly reduced the level of oxidative stress and increased the antioxidant capacity of the liver. Our findings suggest that the intervention with KD led to weight loss, modulate energy metabolism and improve aerobic exercise endurance in obese mice. Despite its antioxidant potential in the liver, the utilization of KD still requires caution. This study underscores the need for further investigation into the health impacts of KD, especially in regard to its potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Centre for Sport Nutrition and Health, Centre for Nutritional Ecology, School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Dong
- Centre for Sport Nutrition and Health, Centre for Nutritional Ecology, School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Centre for Sport Nutrition and Health, Centre for Nutritional Ecology, School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiabao Yan
- Centre for Sport Nutrition and Health, Centre for Nutritional Ecology, School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cuiru Ren
- Centre for Sport Nutrition and Health, Centre for Nutritional Ecology, School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Sports Department, Xi’an International Studies University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhenwei Cui
- Centre for Sport Nutrition and Health, Centre for Nutritional Ecology, School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Marquez A, Andrada E, Russo M, Bolondi ML, Fabersani E, Medina R, Gauffin-Cano P. Characterization of autochthonous lactobacilli from goat dairy products with probiotic potential for metabolic diseases. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10462. [PMID: 36091951 PMCID: PMC9459688 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to design functional fermented goat milk with probiotic potential for metabolic diseases. Thereby, autochthonous lactobacilli from goat dairy products that target improving the inflammatory, lipid, and glycemic profile were characterized. We designed fermented goat milk using Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus CRL1447 as starter strain, supplemented with different probiotic consortia formed by Limosilactobacillus fermentum CRL1446, Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum CRL1449, and CRL1472 strains. These lactobacilli were selected for their positive effects on inhibition of α-glucosidase, bile salts hydrolase activity, cholesterol assimilation, and decreased triglyceride percentage in Caenorhabditis elegans. Furthermore, the lactobacilli oral administration to obese mice caused a significant decrease in body weight gain and ameliorated hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia. These results reveal the potential of this goat dairy product as a functional food to prevent obesity and related pathologies. Goat milk-derived products stand out for their marketing potential. Hence, fermented goat milk incorporating novel probiotics represents a group of food products with broad prospects by their promising nutritive and therapeutic properties for metabolic diseases. The goat dairy product designed in this study could be used in the prevention of dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in obese people. New probiotic consortium (CRL1449, CRL1472, and CRL1446) was selected. The probiotic consortium showed in vitro immuno and adipomodulatory properties. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus CRL1447 was selected as a starter culture for fermented milk elaboration. Manufacturing of a functional fermented goat milk with a new probiotic consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Marquez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Andrada
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Avda. Pte. N. Kirchner 1900, T4000INH, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Matias Russo
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Lujan Bolondi
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Emanuel Fabersani
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Avda. Pte. N. Kirchner 1900, T4000INH, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Roxana Medina
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Avda. Pte. N. Kirchner 1900, T4000INH, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Corresponding author.
| | - Paola Gauffin-Cano
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Corresponding author.
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Moughaizel M, Dagher E, Jablaoui A, Thorin C, Rhimi M, Desfontis JC, Mallem Y. Long-term high-fructose high-fat diet feeding elicits insulin resistance, exacerbates dyslipidemia and induces gut microbiota dysbiosis in WHHL rabbits. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264215. [PMID: 35196347 PMCID: PMC8865649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a global public health burden due to its link to cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. The present study was designed to characterize the metabolic and cardiovascular disturbances, as well as changes in gut microbiota associated with high-fructose high-fat diet (HFFD)-induced MetS in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits. Twenty-one Watanabe rabbits were assigned to a control (n = 9) and HFFD (n = 12) groups, receiving a chow diet and a HFFD, respectively. During a 12-weeks protocol, morphological parameters were monitored; plasma fasting levels of lipids, glucose and insulin were measured and a glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed. HOMA-IR was calculated. Cardiac function and vascular reactivity were evaluated using the Langendorff isolated heart and isolated carotid arteries methods, respectively. 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples was used to determine gut microbial composition and abundance. HFFD-fed Watanabe rabbits exhibited increased fasting insulin (p < 0.03, 12th week vs. Baseline), HOMA-IR (p < 0.03 vs. Control), area under the curve of the GTT (p < 0.02 vs. Control), triglycerides (p < 0.05, 12th week vs. Baseline), TC (p < 0.01 vs. Control), LDL-C (p < 0.001 vs. Control). The HFFD group also displayed a significant decrease in intestinal microbial richness, evenness and diversity (FDR < 0.001, FDR < 0.0001, FDR < 0.01, respectively vs. Control group) and an increase in its Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (R = 3.39 in control vs. R = 28.24 in the HFFD group) indicating a shift in intestinal microbial composition and diversity. Our results suggest that HFFD induces insulin resistance and gut microbiota dysbiosis and accentuates dyslipidemia; and that, when subjected to HFFD, Watanabe rabbits might become a potential diet-induced MetS animal models with two main features, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Moughaizel
- Nutrition, PathoPhysiology and Pharmacology (NP3) Unit, Oniris, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France
- * E-mail: (MM); (YM)
| | - Elie Dagher
- Laboniris, Oniris, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France
| | - Amin Jablaoui
- Institut Micalis, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Chantal Thorin
- Nutrition, PathoPhysiology and Pharmacology (NP3) Unit, Oniris, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France
| | - Moez Rhimi
- Institut Micalis, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Claude Desfontis
- Nutrition, PathoPhysiology and Pharmacology (NP3) Unit, Oniris, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France
| | - Yassine Mallem
- Nutrition, PathoPhysiology and Pharmacology (NP3) Unit, Oniris, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France
- * E-mail: (MM); (YM)
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Kaji N, Namekawa J, Takagi Y, Watanabe A, Nemoto S, Minami Y, Katayanagi A, Kobayashi T, Asai F. Fructose prevents the development of hyperglycemia in WBN/Kob diabetic fatty rats via maintaining high insulin levels. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:577-585. [PMID: 35108433 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fructose is considered to negatively affect type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, there are contradictory reports. The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of fructose-rich diet (FRD) on glucose metabolism of WBN/Kob fatty diabetic (WBKDF) rats, a spontaneous T2DM model, and Wistar rats. WBKDF and Wistar rats were fed either FRD or standard diet (STD) for 4 weeks. The food intake, body weight, plasma glucose and insulin were measured weekly. After the 4-week challenge, rats were subjected to an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). The liver and pancreas were used for histological analysis. The 4-week challenge of FRD in Wistar rats did not cause hyperglycemia, but increased insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Feeding WBKDF rats with a FRD accelerated obesity but prevented the onset of severe hyperglycemia via maintaining high plasma insulin levels. HOMA-IR in WBKDF rats was not changed by FRD feeding. IVGTT revealed that FRD feeding in Wistar rats did not affect glucose tolerance, but slightly increased the plasma insulin level. In contrast, FRD feeding in WBKDF rats significantly reduced the glucose tolerance, but insulin response was not improved. FRD feeding did not alter the beta cell area in Wistar rats, but significantly increased it in WBKDF rats. In conclusion, FRD caused insulin resistance in Wistar rats, suggesting that fructose overconsumption is a risk factor for T2DM, whereas FRD inhibited severe hyperglycemia by maintaining high insulin levels in WBKDF rats. Fructose may be a beneficial sugar for T2DM patients with severe obesity-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Kaji
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiichi Takagi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Ayaka Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nemoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | | | | | - Taiki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.,TEIJIN Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo, 191-8512, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Asai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
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Shen J, Yu H, Li K, Ding B, Xiao R, Ma W. The Association Between Plasma Fatty Acid and Cognitive Function Mediated by Inflammation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1423-1436. [PMID: 35573864 PMCID: PMC9091472 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s353449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To verify the mediating role of inflammatory factors in plasma fatty acid-induced changes in cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, we evaluated the cognitive function of 372 Chinese patients (the average age was 58.00 (52.50, 63.00) years) with T2DM by using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), with plasma fatty acids measured by gas chromatography analysis and inflammatory cytokines determined by immune turbidimetric analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to investigate whether there was a correlation between the plasma fatty acids, inflammatory cytokine levels and cognitive test scores in Chinese patients with T2DM. RESULTS We found that the increase of waist circumference and hip circumference might lead to cognitive impairment and induce the inflammatory response. Higher saturated fatty acids (SFAs) levels in plasma were linked to cognitive decline, while higher monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) intake might be a protective factor for cognitive function. In addition, higher levels of plasma n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs) stood out as having association with lower cognitive function scores, while higher level of plasma C22:6 n-3 could be a predictor of better cognitive function. In our study, higher SFAs led to higher proinflammatory factor levels. Apart from that, MUFAs and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-18 (SCD-18) were positively related to hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Meanwhile, higher level of plasma C20:0 could lead to better MMSE delayed recall by reduce the expression of hs-CRP. CONCLUSION Levels of plasma SFAs, C18:3 n-6, and C20:3 n-6 could be a predictor for worse cognitive function, while MUFAs and C22:6 n-3 could be a predictor for better cognitive function. The level of hs-CRP could be a mediator of C20:0 induced the change of cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Shen
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiyan Yu
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaifeng Li
- Nutrition and Metabolism Research Division, Innovation Center, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingjie Ding
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Ma
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Weiwei Ma, School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-10-83911651, Email
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Li Z, Qian Z, Zhou J, Zhu W, Mao Z, Cui F. microRNA-206 Regulates Pancreatic- β-Cell Function via Targeting Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a common metabolic disease, is featured with chronic hyperglycemia and dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells. Various evidences suggested that microRNAs (miR-NAs) were tightly related to the occurrence of DM and can be regulated in
pancreatic-β-cells. However, whether or not microRNA-206 (miR-206) affects the development of DM and the specific mechanisms remains elusive. We designed this study to clarify the function and associated potential mechanism of miR-206 in pancreatic β-cells via the insulin-like
growth factor 1 reporter (IGF1R)/phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3 K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway, which may provide novel diagnostic or therapies for DM. Methods: In this research, the levels of miR-206 and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) were assessed using quantitative
reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and/or Western bolt assay. Bioinformatics and dual luciferase reporter assays were adopted to illustrate the relationship between miR-206 and IGF1. INS-1 cells were stimulated with stimulatory glucose (16.7 mM) or basal glucose (3.3 mM) for 1 h, and the
insulin content was examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Besides, 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry (FCM) analysis were conducted to determine the INS1 cell viability and apoptosis. Furthermore, the related proteins
in IGF1R/PI3 K/AKT pathway (IGF1R, p-AKT and AKT) were tested using Western blot assay, respectively. Results: Our data suggested that miR-206 level in the blood samples of DM patients was higher than that in healthy donors. IGF1 was identified as a direct target of miR-206. Moreover,
we found that miR-206 negatively regulated IGF1 expression in INS-1 cells. It was also confirmed that miR-206 inhibitor led to an increase of total insulin content, an increase of INS-1 cell viability and a decrease of cell apoptosis. Accordingly, miR-206 inhibitor significantly enhanced IGF1R
and p-AKT protein expression in INS-1 cells. All these findings were reversed by IGF1-siRNA co-transfection. Conclusion: Our observations clearly demonstrated that miR-206 could regulate the IGF1R/PI3K/AKT pathway by targeting IGF1, thereby regulating the cell viability of pancreatic
β cells and the ability of pancreatic β cells to secrete insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Zengkun Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Zheng Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Fan Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu 241000, China
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Das UN. Molecular biochemical aspects of salt (sodium chloride) in inflammation and immune response with reference to hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:83. [PMID: 34334139 PMCID: PMC8327432 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension (HTN) are common that are associated with low-grade systemic inflammation. Diet, genetic factors, inflammation, and immunocytes and their cytokines play a role in their pathobiology. But the exact role of sodium, potassium, magnesium and other minerals, trace elements and vitamins in the pathogenesis of HTN and T2DM is not known. Recent studies showed that sodium and potassium can modulate oxidative stress, inflammation, alter the autonomic nervous system and induce dysfunction of the innate and adaptive immune responses in addition to their action on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. These actions of sodium, potassium and magnesium and other minerals, trace elements and vitamins are likely to be secondary to their action on pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and IL-17 and metabolism of essential fatty acids that may account for their involvement in the pathobiology of insulin resistance, T2DM, HTN and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, 2221 NW 5th St, Battle Ground, WA, 98604, USA.
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8
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Dietary fructose intake is correlated with fat distribution in the Newfoundland population. Nutrition 2021; 93:111434. [PMID: 34492622 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased dietary fructose intake is associated with elevated body weight and body mass index. Few studies are available regarding the relationship between fat distribution and dietary fructose intake. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary fructose intake and fat distribution in adults in a large Newfoundland cohort. METHODS We analyzed 2298 adults from CODING (Complex Diseases in the New found land Population: Environment and Genetics) study. Intake of dietary fructose was evaluated from the Willett food frequency questionnaire. Fat distribution was estimated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Partial correlation analysis was used to determine the correlations of dietary fructose intake with fat distribution adjusted for major confounding factors. RESULTS Daily dietary fructose intake was negatively associated with arm fat in postmenopausal women (r = -0.080, P < 0.05), but positively associated with arm fat in premenopausal women after adjusting for age, total calorie intake, and physical activity levels (r = 0.079, P < 0.05). Dietary fructose intake was negatively correlated with both arm fat (r = -0.131, P < 0.05) and visceral fat (r = -0.124 measured in mass, r = -0.124 measured in volume respectively; P < 0.05) in men <45 y of age, not in men ≥45 y. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that dietary fructose intake is significantly correlated with arm fat in both women and men, and visceral fat in men in the Newfoundland free-living population. The correlations are sex- and menopause-status dependent.
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Federico M, De la Fuente S, Palomeque J, Sheu SS. The role of mitochondria in metabolic disease: a special emphasis on heart dysfunction. J Physiol 2021; 599:3477-3493. [PMID: 33932959 PMCID: PMC8424986 DOI: 10.1113/jp279376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases (MetDs) embrace a series of pathologies characterized by abnormal body glucose usage. The known diseases included in this group are metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2. All of them are chronic pathologies that present metabolic disturbances and are classified as multi-organ diseases. Cardiomyopathy has been extensively described in diabetic patients without overt macrovascular complications. The heart is severely damaged during the progression of the disease; in fact, diabetic cardiomyopathies are the main cause of death in MetDs. Insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and increased free fatty acid metabolism promote cardiac damage through mitochondria. These organelles supply most of the energy that the heart needs to beat and to control essential cellular functions, including Ca2+ signalling modulation, reactive oxygen species production and apoptotic cell death regulation. Several aspects of common mitochondrial functions have been described as being altered in diabetic cardiomyopathies, including impaired energy metabolism, compromised mitochondrial dynamics, deficiencies in Ca2+ handling, increases in reactive oxygen species production, and a higher probability of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Therefore, the mitochondrial role in MetD-mediated heart dysfunction has been studied extensively to identify potential therapeutic targets for improving cardiac performance. Herein we review the cardiac pathology in metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and diabetes mellitus, focusing on the role of mitochondrial dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilen Federico
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Cs. Medicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sergio De la Fuente
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Julieta Palomeque
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Cs. Medicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, CABA, Argentina
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
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Peng WY, Huang AC, Ting CT, Tsai TH. Preclinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Coptidis Preparation in Combination with Lovastatin in High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:15804-15815. [PMID: 34179624 PMCID: PMC8223438 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lovastatin is a standard therapy for dyslipidemia. Alternatively, some ethnomedicines, such as Coptidis preparation, have been used for the treatment of dyslipidemia. Statins and complementary and alternative medicines may possess individual mechanisms of action against dyslipidemia. We hypothesize that the combination of Coptidis preparation and lovastatin may have synergistic effects for the treatment of dyslipidemia. To investigate this hypothesis, we developed a validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to monitor lovastatin and its metabolites for pharmacokinetic studies in rats. This study was divided into four groups: lovastatin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) alone and lovastatin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) + Coptidis preparation (0.3, 1, or 3 g/kg, p.o.) for five consecutive days. In pharmacodynamic studies, a high-fat diet (HFD) was used to induce dyslipidemia in experimental rat models. The HFD rats were divided into four groups: treatment with HFD, HFD + lovastatin (100 mg/kg, p.o.), HFD + Coptidis preparation (1 g/kg, p.o.), and HFD + lovastatin (50 mg/kg, p.o.) + Coptidis preparation (1 g/kg, p.o.) for 28 consecutive days. The pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that Coptidis preparation significantly augmented the conversion of lovastatin into its main metabolite lovastatin acid in vivo. The pharmacodynamic results revealed that the Coptidis preparation and half-dose lovastatin group reduced the body weight, liver weight, and visceral fat in HFD rats. These findings provide constructive preclinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic applications of Coptidis preparation on the benefit of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ya Peng
- Institute
of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming
Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Andy C. Huang
- Department
of Urology, Taipei City Hospital Ren-Ai
Branch, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Tsung Ting
- Division
of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- General
Education Center, University of Taipei, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute
of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming
Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- School of
Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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11
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Alberca GGF, Solis-Castro RL, Solis-Castro ME, Alberca RW. Coronavirus disease-2019 and the intestinal tract: An overview. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:1255-1266. [PMID: 33833480 PMCID: PMC8015300 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i13.1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can progress to a severe respiratory and systemic disease named coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The most common symptoms are fever and respiratory discomfort. Nevertheless, gastrointestinal infections have been reported, with symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and lack of appetite. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 can remain positive in fecal samples after nasopharyngeal clearance. After gastrointestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection and other viral gastrointestinal infections, some patients may develop alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiota. In addition, some COVID-19 patients may receive antibiotics, which may also disturb gastrointestinal homeostasis. In summary, the gastrointestinal system, gut microbiome, and gut-lung axis may represent an important role in the development, severity, and treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, in this review, we explore the current pieces of evidence of COVID-19 gastrointestinal manifestations, possible implications, and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gama Freire Alberca
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rosa Liliana Solis-Castro
- Departamento Académico de Biología Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, Pampa Grande 24000, Tumbes, Peru
| | - Maria Edith Solis-Castro
- Departamento Académico de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, Pampa Grande 24000, Tumbes, Peru
| | - Ricardo Wesley Alberca
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
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12
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Vieira RFL, Muñoz VR, Junqueira RL, de Oliveira F, Gaspar RC, Nakandakari SCBR, Costa SDO, Torsoni MA, da Silva ASR, Cintra DE, de Moura LP, Ropelle ER, Zaghloul I, Mekary RA, Pauli JR. Time-restricted feeding combined with aerobic exercise training can prevent weight gain and improve metabolic disorders in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Physiol 2021; 600:797-813. [PMID: 33450053 DOI: 10.1113/jp280820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Time-restricted feeding (TRF, in which energy intake is restricted to 8 h/day during the dark phase) alone or combined with aerobic exercise (AE) training can prevent weight gain and metabolic disorders in Swiss mice fed a high-fat diet. The benefits of TRF combined with AE are associated with improved hepatic metabolism and decreased hepatic lipid accumulation. TRF combined with AE training increased fatty acid oxidation and decreased expression of lipogenic and gluconeogenic genes in the liver of young male Swiss mice. TRF combined with AE training attenuated the detrimental effects of high-fat diet feeding on the insulin signalling pathway in the liver. ABSTRACT Time-restricted feeding (TRF) or physical exercise have been shown to be efficient in the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders; however, the additive effects of TRF combined with aerobic exercise (AE) training on liver metabolism have not been widely explored. In this study TRF (8 h in the active phase) and TRF combined with AE (TRF+Exe) were compared in male Swiss mice fed a high-fat diet, with evaluation of the effects on insulin sensitivity and expression of hepatic genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. As in previous reports, we show that TRF alone (eating only between zeitgeber time 16 and 0) was sufficient to reduce weight and adiposity gain, increase fatty acid oxidation and decrease lipogenesis genes in the liver. In addition, we show that mice of the TRF+Exe group showed additional adaptations such as increased oxygen consumption ( V ̇ O 2 ), carbon dioxide production ( V ̇ C O 2 ) and production of ketone bodies (β-hydroxybutyrate). Also, TRF+Exe attenuated the negative effects of high-fat diet feeding on the insulin signalling pathway (insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate, Akt), and led to increased fatty acid oxidation (Ppara, Cpt1a) and decreased gluconeogenic (Fbp1, Pck1, Pgc1a) and lipogenic (Srebp1c, Cd36) gene expression in the liver. These molecular results were accompanied by increased glucose metabolism, lower serum triglycerides and reduced hepatic lipid content in the TRF+Exe group. The data presented in this study show that TRF alone has benefits but TRF+Exe has additive benefits and can mitigate the harmful effects of consuming a high-fat diet on body adiposity, liver metabolism and glycaemic homeostasis in young male Swiss mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Fudoli Lins Vieira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Lima Junqueira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fellipe de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Calais Gaspar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Suleyma de Oliveira Costa
- Laboratory of Metabolism Disorders, Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Alberto Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolism Disorders, Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, and Postgraduate Program in Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics (LabGeN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iman Zaghloul
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rania A Mekary
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS), Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Dallagi Y, Rahali D, Perrotte M, Dkhili H, Korsan A, El May MV, El Fazaa S, Ramassamy C, El Golli N. Date seeds alleviate behavioural and neuronal complications of metabolic syndrome in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 129:582-596. [PMID: 33290103 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1849311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Unhealthy dietary habits can play a crucial role in metabolic damages, promoting alteration of neural functions through the lifespan. Recently, dietary change has been perceived as the first line intervention in prevention and/or treatment of metabolic damages and related diseases. In this context, our study was designed to assess the eventual therapeutic effect of date seeds administration on memory and learning and on neuronal markers in a rat Metabolic Syndrome model. For this purpose, 32 adult male Wistar rats were fed with standard diet or high-fat high-sugar diet during ten weeks. After this, 16 rats were sacrified and the remaining rats received an oral administration of 300 mg of date seeds/kg of body weight during four supplementary weeks. Before sacrifice, we evaluate cognitive performances by the Barnes maze test. Afterwards, neuronal, astrocytic, microtubular and oxidative markers were investigated by immunoblotting methods. In Metabolic syndrome rats, results showed impairment of spatial memory and histological alterations. We identified neuronal damages in hippocampus, marked by a decrease of NeuN and an increase of GFAP and pTau396. Finally, we recorded an increase in protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation, respectively identified by an up-regulation of protein carbonyls and 4-HNe. Interestingly, date seeds administration improved these behavioural, histological, neuronal and oxidative damages highlighting the neuroprotective effect of this natural compound. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) identified, in date seeds, protocatechuic acid, caffeoylshikimic acid and vanillic acid, that could potentially prevent the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, acting through their antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Dallagi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular physiopathology and Biomolecule valorization, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Dalila Rahali
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular physiopathology and Biomolecule valorization, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Morgane Perrotte
- INRS-Institute Armand Frappier, boul. des Prairies, Laval, Canada
| | - Houssem Dkhili
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular physiopathology and Biomolecule valorization, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Asma Korsan
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Michele Veronique El May
- Laboratory of Histology Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saloua El Fazaa
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular physiopathology and Biomolecule valorization, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Charles Ramassamy
- INRS-Institute Armand Frappier, boul. des Prairies, Laval, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Narges El Golli
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular physiopathology and Biomolecule valorization, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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14
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Rajeev R, Prathiviraj R, Kiran GS, Selvin J. Zoonotic evolution and implications of microbiome in viral transmission and infection. Virus Res 2020; 290:198175. [PMID: 33007342 PMCID: PMC7524452 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak and spread of new strains of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) remain a global threat with increasing cases in affected countries. The evolutionary tree of SARS-CoV-2 revealed that Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus 2, which belongs to the Beta arterivirus genus from the Arteriviridae family is possibly the most ancient ancestral origin of SARS-CoV-2 and other Coronaviridae. This review focuses on phylogenomic distribution and evolutionary lineage of zoonotic viral cross-species transmission of the Coronaviridae family and the implications of bat microbiome in zoonotic viral transmission and infection. The review also casts light on the role of the human microbiome in predicting and controlling viral infections. The significance of microbiome-mediated interventions in the treatment of viral infections is also discussed. Finally, the importance of synthetic viruses in the study of viral evolution and transmission is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Rajeev
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India.
| | - R Prathiviraj
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India.
| | - George Seghal Kiran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India.
| | - Joseph Selvin
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India.
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15
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Pan Y, Wan X, Zeng F, Zhong R, Guo W, Lv XC, Zhao C, Liu B. Regulatory effect of Grifola frondosa extract rich in polysaccharides and organic acids on glycolipid metabolism and gut microbiota in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:1030-1039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Alberca RW, Oliveira LDM, Branco ACCC, Pereira NZ, Sato MN. Obesity as a risk factor for COVID-19: an overview. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2262-2276. [PMID: 32539446 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1775546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The current coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a huge challenge for health-care systems worldwide. Many different risk factors are associated with disease severity, such as older age, diabetes, hypertension, and most recently obesity. The incidence of obesity has been on the rise for the past 25 years, reaching over 2 billion people throughout the world, and obesity itself could be considered a pandemic. In this review, we summarize aspects involved with obesity, such as changes in the immune response, nutritional factors, physiological factors, and the gut-lung axis, that impact the viral response and the COVID-19 prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Wesley Alberca
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation-56, - Departament of Dermatology, - Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana de Mendonça Oliveira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, - Departament of Immunology, - University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Nátalli Zanete Pereira
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation-56, - Departament of Dermatology, - Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation-56, - Departament of Dermatology, - Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Kaji N, Takagi Y, Matsuda S, Takahashi A, Fujio S, Asai F. Effects of liraglutide on metabolic syndrome in WBN/Kob diabetic fatty rats supplemented with a high-fat diet. Animal Model Exp Med 2020; 3:62-68. [PMID: 32318661 PMCID: PMC7167233 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, has recently been used to treat metabolic syndrome (MS) because of its anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects. We have previously shown that Wistar Bonn Kobori diabetic and fatty (WBN/Kob-Lepr fa , WBKDF) rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) developed MS including marked obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. To obtain further information on WBKDF-HFD rats as a severe MS model, we performed a pharmacological investigation into the anti-MS effects of liraglutide in this model. METHODS Seven-week-old male WBKDF-HFD rats were allocated to three groups (N = 8 in each group): a vehicle group, a low-dose liraglutide group, and a high-dose liraglutide group. They received subcutaneous injections of either saline or liraglutide at doses of 75 or 300 μg/kg body weight once daily for 4 weeks. RESULTS Results showed that liraglutide treatment reduced body weight gain and food intake in a dose-dependent manner. The marked hyperglycemia and the glucose tolerance were also significantly ameliorated in the liraglutide-treated groups. Moreover, liraglutide also reduced the plasma triglyceride concentration and liver fat accumulation. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that liraglutide could significantly alleviate MS in WBKDF-HFD rats, and the reaction to liraglutide is similar to human patients with MS. WBKDF-HFD rats are therefore considered to be a useful model for research on severe human MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Kaji
- Laboratory of Veterinary PharmacologySchool of Veterinary MedicineAzabu UniversityKanagawaJapan
| | - Yoshiichi Takagi
- Laboratory of Veterinary PharmacologySchool of Veterinary MedicineAzabu UniversityKanagawaJapan
| | - Satomi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary PharmacologySchool of Veterinary MedicineAzabu UniversityKanagawaJapan
| | - Anna Takahashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary PharmacologySchool of Veterinary MedicineAzabu UniversityKanagawaJapan
| | - Sakurako Fujio
- Laboratory of Veterinary PharmacologySchool of Veterinary MedicineAzabu UniversityKanagawaJapan
| | - Fumitoshi Asai
- Laboratory of Veterinary PharmacologySchool of Veterinary MedicineAzabu UniversityKanagawaJapan
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18
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Evidence for Toxic Advanced Glycation End-Products Generated in the Normal Rat Liver. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071612. [PMID: 31315223 PMCID: PMC6683103 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose/fructose in beverages/foods containing high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) are metabolized to glyceraldehyde (GA) in the liver. We previously reported that GA-derived advanced glycation end-products (toxic AGEs, TAGE) are generated and may induce the onset/progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We revealed that the generation of TAGE in the liver and serum TAGE levels were higher in NAFLD patients than in healthy humans. Although we propose the intracellular generation of TAGE in the normal liver, there is currently no evidence to support this, and the levels of TAGE produced have not yet been measured. In the present study, male Wister/ST rats that drank normal water or 10% HFCS 55 (HFCS beverage) were maintained for 13 weeks, and serum TAGE levels and intracellular TAGE levels in the liver were analyzed. Rats in the HFCS group drank 127.4 mL of the HFCS beverage each day. Serum TAGE levels and intracellular TAGE levels in the liver both increased in the HFCS group. A positive correlation was observed between intracellular TAGE levels in the liver and serum TAGE levels. On the other hand, in male Wister/ST rats that drank Lactobacillus beverage for 12 weeks-a commercial drink that contains glucose, fructose, and sucrose- no increases were observed in intracellular TAGE or serum TAGE levels. Intracellular TAGE were generated in the normal rat liver, and their production was promoted by HFCS, which may increase the risk of NAFLD.
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19
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Takata T, Sakasai-Sakai A, Ueda T, Takeuchi M. Intracellular toxic advanced glycation end-products in cardiomyocytes may cause cardiovascular disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2121. [PMID: 30765817 PMCID: PMC6375929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a lifestyle-related disease (LSRD) and one of the largest public health issues. Risk factors for CVD correlate with an excessive intake of glucose and/or fructose, which has been shown to induce the production of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). We previously identified AGEs derived from glyceraldehyde and named them toxic AGEs (TAGE) due to their cytotoxicities and relationship with LSRD. We also reported that extracellular TAGE in the vascular system may promote CVD and that serum TAGE levels are associated with risk factors for CVD. The mechanisms responsible for the onset and/or progression of CVD by extracellular TAGE or the above risk factors involve vascular disorders. In the present study, we revealed that rat primary cultured cardiomyocytes generated intracellular TAGE, which decreased beating rates and induced cell death. LC3-II/LC3-I, a factor of autophagy, also decreased. Although intracellular TAGE may be targets of degradation as cytotoxic proteins via autophagy, they may inhibit autophagy. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which intracellular TAGE decrease beating rates and induce cell death may involve the suppression of autophagy. The present results suggest that intracellular TAGE are generated in cardiomyocytes and directly damage them, resulting in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Takata
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Akiko Sakasai-Sakai
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ueda
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
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20
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Cheng Y, Liu C, Cui Y, Lv T, Guo Y, Liang J, Qian H. Sporidiobolus pararoseuswall-broken powder ameliorates oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy in type-2 diabetic mice by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway. RSC Adv 2019; 9:8394-8403. [PMID: 35518685 PMCID: PMC9061701 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10484k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
STZ-induced diabetic mice are given a high-fat diet and SPP, which is a rich source of β-carotene, γ-carotene, torulene and torularhodin. The result indicated SPP can ameliorate diabetic nephropathyviaactivating Nrf2/ARE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition
| | - Yan Cui
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing
- Key Laboratory of Preservation Engineering of Agricultural Products
- Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Ningbo 315040
- China
| | - Tianqi Lv
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition
| | - Yahui Guo
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition
| | - Jun Liang
- Guangzhou GRE Metrology & Test Co., Ltd
- Guangzhou
- PR China
| | - He Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition
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21
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Namekawa J, Nemoto S, Sunada G, Takanashi Y, Fujio S, Shirai M, Asai F. Characteristics of WBN/Kob diabetic fatty rats supplemented with a fructose-rich diet as a metabolic syndrome model: response to a GLP-1 receptor agonist. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1515-1523. [PMID: 30175725 PMCID: PMC6207516 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic syndrome is rapidly increasing worldwide, and adequate animal
models are crucial for studies on its pathogenesis and therapy. In the search of an
adequate experimental model to simulate human metabolic syndrome, the present study was
performed to examine the pharmacological response of
WBN/Kob-Leprfa (WBKDF) rats supplemented with a
fructose-rich diet (FRD) to liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist. Male WBKDF rats fed FRD
at 7 weeks of age were divided into 3 groups, and administered liraglutide (75, 300
µg/kg subcutaneously) or saline (control group), once daily for 4 weeks. All
rats in the control group became overweight, and developed hyperglycemia, hypertension and
dyslipidemia as they aged. The rats given liraglutide exhibited a dose-dependent reduction
in body weight, visceral fat content and food intake compared with control rats. In
addition, liraglutide suppressed the development of hyperglycemia, hypertension and
dyslipidemia. An intravenous glucose tolerance test revealed that liraglutide improved
glucose tolerance, insulin secretion and insulin resistance. On histological examination,
decreased hepatic fatty degeneration was observed in the liraglutide groups. The present
study demonstrated that liraglutide protected against obesity, hyperglycemia,
hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis in WBKDF rats fed FRD, suggesting that
WBKDF rats fed FRD may be a useful model to investigate the etiology of human metabolic
syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Namekawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nemoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Gaku Sunada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yuki Takanashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Sakurako Fujio
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Mitsuyuki Shirai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Asai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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Liu B, Zhang Y, Wang R, An Y, Gao W, Bai L, Li Y, Zhao S, Fan J, Liu E. Western diet feeding influences gut microbiota profiles in apoE knockout mice. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:159. [PMID: 30021609 PMCID: PMC6052692 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0811-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota plays an important role in many metabolic diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) knock-out (KO) mice are frequently used for the study of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. However, it is unknown whether apoE KO mice have altered gut microbiota when challenged with a Western diet. METHODS In the current study, we assessed the gut microbiota profiling of apoE KO mice and compared with wild-type mice fed either a normal chow or Western diet for 12 weeks using 16S pyrosequencing. RESULTS On a western diet, the gut microbiota diversity was significantly decreased in apoE KO mice compared with wild type (WT) mice. Firmicutes and Erysipelotrichaceae were significantly increased in WT mice but Erysipelotrichaceae was unchanged in apoE KO mice on a Western diet. The weighted UniFrac principal coordinate analysis exhibited clear separation between WT and apoE KO mice on the first vector (58.6%) with significant changes of two dominant phyla (Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes) and seven dominant families (Porphyromonadaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, Helicobacteraceae, Erysipelotrichaceae and Veillonellaceae). Lachnospiraceae was significantly enriched in apoE KO mice on a Western diet. In addition, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae were positively correlated with relative atherosclerosis lesion size in apoE KO. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our study showed that there are marked changes in the gut microbiota of apoE KO mice, particularly challenged with a Western diet and these alterations may be possibly associated with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoning Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingfeng An
- Shaanxi Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiman Gao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Bai
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yandong Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sihai Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianglin Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Enqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China. .,Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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23
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Liu CL, Deng ZY, Du ER, Xu CS. Long non‑coding RNA BC168687 small interfering RNA reduces high glucose and high free fatty acid‑induced expression of P2X7 receptors in satellite glial cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5851-5859. [PMID: 29436679 PMCID: PMC5866030 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling contributes to inflammatory and immune responses. The activation of the P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7) in satellite glial cells (SGCs) may be an essential component in the promotion of inflammation and neuropathic pain. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a small interfering RNA for the lncRNA BC168687 on SGC P2X7 expression in a high glucose and high free fatty acids (HGHF) environment. It was demonstrated that BC168687 small interfering (si)RNA downregulated the co-expression of the P2X7 and glial fibrillary acidic protein and P2X7 mRNA expression. Additionally, HGHF may activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway by increasing the release of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in SGCs. Taken together, these results indicate that silencing BC168687 expression may downregulate the increased expression of P2X7 receptors in SGCs induced by a HGHF environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Long Liu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Yu Deng
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Er-Rong Du
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Shui Xu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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24
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Takagi Y, Sugimoto T, Kobayashi M, Shirai M, Asai F. High-Salt Intake Ameliorates Hyperglycemia and Insulin Resistance in WBN/Kob- Leprfa/fa Rats: A New Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:3671892. [PMID: 29744365 PMCID: PMC5884204 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3671892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-salt intake is a major risk factor for developing hypertension in type 2 diabetes mellitus, but its effects on glucose homeostasis are controversial. We previously found that high-salt intake induces severe hypertension in WBN/Kob diabetic fatty (WBKDF) rats. In the present study, we examined the effects of a high-salt intake on glucose homeostasis in WBKDF rats. Male WBKDF rats and age-matched Wistar rats at 6 weeks of age were each divided into two groups and fed either a normal-sodium (NS, 0.26%) diet or high-sodium (HS, 8%) diet for 7 weeks. Systolic blood pressure and urine volume were increased in WBKDF-HS and Wistar-HS. Body weight gain and food consumption were comparable between NS and HS in both strains. Plasma and urine glucose levels were significantly increased in WBKDF-NS but not in WBKDF-HS. HOMA-IR in WBKDF-HS was significantly lower compared with that in WBKDF-NS. The high plasma adiponectin level in WBKDF-NS compared with that in Wistar-NS was further enhanced in WBKDF-HS. Glycogen deposits and fat droplets in the livers of WBKDF-HS were reduced compared with those of WBKDF-NS. The present study demonstrated that HS intake ameliorated hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in WBKDF rats, which may be due to increased plasma levels of adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiichi Takagi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taichi Sugimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaya Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuyuki Shirai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Asai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
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