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Xu X, Ha P, Yen E, Li C, Zheng Z. Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans in Tendon Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 11:202-214. [PMID: 34978952 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2021.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Tendon injury possesses a high morbidity rate and is difficult to achieve a satisfying prognosis with currently available treatment strategies. Current approaches used for tendon healing always lead to the formation of fibrovascular scar tissue, which significantly compromises the biomechanics of the healed tendon. Moreover, the related functional deficiency deteriorates over time with an increased injury recurrence risk. Small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) link and interact with collagen fibrils to regulate tendon structure and biomechanics, which can provide a new and promising method in the field of tendon injury management. Recent Advances: The effect of SLRPs on tendon development has been extensively investigated. SLRP deficiency impairs tendon collagen fibril structure and biomechanic properties, while administration of SLRPs generally benefits tendon wound healing and regains better mechanical properties. Critical Issues: Current knowledge on the role of SLRPs in tendon development and regeneration mostly comes from uninjured knockout mice, and mainly focuses on the morphology description of collagen fibril profile and mechanical properties. Little is known about the regulatory mechanism on the molecular level. Future Directions: This article reviews the current knowledge in this highly translational topic and provides an evidence-based conclusion, thereby encouraging in-depth investigations of SLRPs in tendons and the development of SLRP-based treatments for desired tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Traumatic Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pin Ha
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Emily Yen
- Arcadia High School, Arcadia, California, USA
| | - Chenshuang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Kędzierski W, Kowalik S, Mojsym W, Janczarek I, Tkaczyk E. Plasma Activin A and Decorin in Exercised Purebred Arabian Horses - Preliminary Study. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 102:103638. [PMID: 34119190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Development of the musculoskeletal system occurs, in part, through an impact on regulatory proteins, such as activin A and decorin. Activin A induces atrophic effects on skeletal muscle, and decorin regulates the formation of connective tissue proteins like collagen and elastin in tendons and ligaments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different intensities of exercise on blood plasma activin A and decorin concentrations in horses. Ten young purebred Arabian horses were subjected to routine training sessions on a racetrack, and another 11 adult horses of the same breed participated in endurance rides. Race horses were examined during gallop tests over a distance of 1200 m and endurance horses at distances from 20 to 80 km. Blood samples were collected at rest and after exercise to determine plasma concentrations of activin A, decorin and cortisol. Despite differences in the intensity of exercise, the plasma decorin concentration remained unchanged, and activin A tended to decrease in endurance horses only. The exercise-induced changes in plasma activin A concentrations correlated with the covered distance (r = -0.43; P < .05), but not with the changes in cortisol values. Further studies are needed to confirm the usefulness of plasma activin A as a potential indicator of a horse's endurance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Kędzierski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwester Kowalik
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Wioleta Mojsym
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Janczarek
- Department of Horse Breeding and Use, Faculty of Animal Science and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Tkaczyk
- Department of Horse Breeding and Use, Faculty of Animal Science and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Ribitsch I, Gueltekin S, Keith MF, Minichmair K, Peham C, Jenner F, Egerbacher M. Age-related changes of tendon fibril micro-morphology and gene expression. J Anat 2019; 236:688-700. [PMID: 31792963 PMCID: PMC7083562 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is hypothesized to be associated with changes in tendon matrix composition which may lead to alteration of tendon material properties and hence propensity to injury. Altered gene expression may offer insights into disease pathophysiology and thus open new perspectives toward designing pathophysiology‐driven therapeutics. Therefore, the current study aimed at identifying naturally occurring differences in tendon micro‐morphology and gene expression of newborn, young and old horses. Age‐related differences in the distribution pattern of tendon fibril thickness and in the expression of the tendon relevant genes collagen type 1 (Col1), Col3, Col5, tenascin‐C, decorin, tenomodulin, versican, scleraxis and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein were investigated. A qualitative and quantitative gene expression and collagen fibril diameter analysis was performed for the most frequently injured equine tendon, the superficial digital flexor tendon, in comparison with the deep digital flexor tendon. Most analyzed genes (Col1, Col3, Col5, tenascin‐C, tenomodulin, scleraxis) were expressed at a higher level in foals (age ≤ 6 months) than in horses of 2.75 years (age at which flexor tendons become mature in structure) and older, decorin expression increased with age. Decorin was previously reported to inhibit the lateral fusion of collagen fibrils, causing a thinner fibril diameter with increased decorin concentration. The results of this study suggested that reduction of tendon fibril diameters commonly seen in equine tendons with increasing age might be a natural age‐related phenomenon leading to greater fibril surface areas with increased fibrillar interaction and reduced sliding at the fascicular/fibrillar interface and hence a stiffer interfascicular/interfibrillar matrix. This may be a potential reason for the higher propensity to tendinopathies with increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ribitsch
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Veterm, University Equine Hospital, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sinan Gueltekin
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Veterm, University Equine Hospital, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlies Franziska Keith
- Department of Pathobiology, Unit of Histology and Embryology, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristina Minichmair
- Department of Pathobiology, Unit of Histology and Embryology, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Peham
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Veterm, University Equine Hospital, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florien Jenner
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Veterm, University Equine Hospital, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Egerbacher
- Department of Pathobiology, Unit of Histology and Embryology, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Abdala V, Ponssa ML, Tulli MJ, Fabre AC, Herrel A. Frog tendon structure and its relationship with locomotor modes. J Morphol 2018; 279:895-903. [PMID: 29570838 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tendon collagen fibrils are the basic force-transmitting units of the tendon. Yet, surprisingly little is known about the diversity in tendon anatomy and ultrastructure, and the possible relationships between this diversity and locomotor modes utilized. Our main objectives were to investigate: (a) the ultra-structural anatomy of the tendons in the digits of frogs; (b) the diversity of collagen fibril diameters across frogs with different locomotor modes; (c) the relationship between morphology, as expressed by the morphology of collagen fibrils and tendons, and locomotor modes. To assess the relationship between morphology and the locomotor modes of the sampled taxa we performed a principal component analysis considering body length, fibrillar cross sectional area (CSA) and tendon CSA. A MANOVA showed that differences between species with different locomotor modes were significant with collagen fibril diameter being the discriminating factor. Overall, our data related the greatest collagen fibril diameter to the most demanding locomotor modes, conversely, the smallest collagen fibril CSA and the highest tendon CSA were observed in animals showing a hopping locomotion requiring likely little absorption of landing forces given the short jump distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Abdala
- Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical UNT-CONICET, Cátedra de Biología General. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Laura Ponssa
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, Fundación Miguel Lillo-CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María José Tulli
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, Fundación Miguel Lillo-CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Anne-Claire Fabre
- Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, 55 rue Buffon, Bat Anatomie Comparee, CP 55, Paris Cedex 5, 75005, France
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, 55 rue Buffon, Bat Anatomie Comparee, CP 55, Paris Cedex 5, 75005, France
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Takahashi N, Hirose T, Minaguchi JA, Ueda H, Tangkawattana P, Takehana K. Fibrillar architecture at three different sites of the bovine superficial digital flexor tendon. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:405-412. [PMID: 29332865 PMCID: PMC5880818 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of the bovine hindlimb originates from the caudolateral aspect of the distal femur and finally inserts onto the plantar aspect of the middle phalanges. In the present study,
morphology and morphometry of the bovine SDFT at the muscle-tendon junction (MTJ), middle metatarsus (mM) and tendon-bone interface (TBI) were investigated. Cross-sectional morphology at the three regions of SDFT were
oval, semioval and ring-formed, respectively. Significant difference in cross-sectional area was found only between MTJ-mM and mM-TBI (P<0.05). Functional compression and friction from the adjacent
structures could be the most potential interactions affecting such appearances. Morphometric data of tenocyte number, water content, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) length and angle were found increasing in the proximodistal
direction, except the fibril diameter and collagen fibril index (CFI). Statistical analyzes could reveal significant differences in average number of tenocytes (P<0.0001), CFI (between MTJ-mM and
MTJ-TBI, P<0.05), water content (between MTJ-TBI, P<0.05), length of GAG chains (between MTJ-TBI, P<0.05), and angle of GAG chains
(P<0.0001), respectively. The fibrillar characteristics at the three different areas, including fibril diameter distribution and interfibrillar distance, existed in conforming to the tensional axes in
situ. In addition, length and angle of GAG chains were relevant to moving directions of the collagen fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microanatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Hirose
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microanatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Jun A Minaguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microanatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ueda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Prasarn Tangkawattana
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microanatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Kazushige Takehana
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microanatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Szczesny SE, Fetchko KL, Dodge GR, Elliott DM. Evidence that interfibrillar load transfer in tendon is supported by small diameter fibrils and not extrafibrillar tissue components. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:2127-2134. [PMID: 28071819 PMCID: PMC5503823 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Collagen fibrils in tendon are believed to be discontinuous and transfer tensile loads through shear forces generated during interfibrillar sliding. However, the structures that transmit these interfibrillar forces are unknown. Various extrafibrillar tissue components (e.g., glycosaminoglycans, collagens XII and XIV) have been suggested to transmit interfibrillar loads by bridging collagen fibrils. Alternatively, collagen fibrils may interact directly through physical fusions and interfibrillar branching. The objective of this study was to test whether extrafibrillar proteins are necessary to transmit load between collagen fibrils or if interfibrillar load transfer is accomplished directly by the fibrils themselves. Trypsin digestions were used to remove a broad spectrum of extrafibrillar proteins and measure their contribution to the multiscale mechanics of rat tail tendon fascicles. Additionally, images obtained from serial block-face scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the three-dimensional fibrillar organization in tendon fascicles and identify any potential interfibrillar interactions. While trypsin successfully removed several extrafibrillar tissue components, there was no change in the macroscale fascicle mechanics or fibril:tissue strain ratio. Furthermore, the imaging data suggested that a network of smaller diameter fibrils (<150 nm) wind around and fuse with their neighboring larger diameter fibrils. These findings demonstrate that interfibrillar load transfer is not supported by extrafibrillar tissue components and support the hypothesis that collagen fibrils are capable of transmitting loads themselves. Conclusively determining how fibrils bear load within tendon is critical for identifying the mechanisms that impair tissue function with degeneration and for restoring tissue properties via cell-mediated regeneration or engineered tissue replacements. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2127-2134, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer E. Szczesny
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 240 Skirkanich Hall, 210 South 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kristen L. Fetchko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716
| | - George R. Dodge
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 424 Stemmler Hall, 36 St & Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3900 Woodland Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Dawn M. Elliott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716,Corresponding Author: Dawn M. Elliott, Ph.D., 161 Colburn Lab, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, Phone: 302-831-1295,
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7
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Hirose T, Ogura T, Tanaka K, Minaguchi J, Yamauchi T, Fukada T, Koyama YI, Takehana K. Comparative study of dermal components and plasma TGF-β1 levels in Slc39a13/Zip13-KO mice. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1385-9. [PMID: 26050750 PMCID: PMC4667654 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of disorders caused by abnormalities that are
identified in the extracellular matrix. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a
crucial role in formation of the extracellular matrix. It has been reported that the loss
of function of zinc transporter ZRT/IRT-like protein 13 (ZIP13) causes the spondylocheiro
dysplastic form of EDS (SCD-EDS: OMIM 612350), in which dysregulation of the TGF-β1
signaling pathway is observed, although the relationship between the dermis abnormalities
and peripheral TGF-β1 level has been unclear. We investigated the characteristics of the
dermis of the Zip13-knockout (KO) mouse, an animal model for SCD-EDS.
Both the ratio of dermatan sulfate (DS) in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) components and the
amount of collagen were decreased, and there were very few collagen fibrils with diameters
of more than 150 nm in Zip13-KO mice dermis. We also found that the
TGF-β1 level was significantly higher in Zip13-KO mice serum. These
results suggest that collagen synthesis and collagen fibril fusion might be impaired in
Zip13-KO mice and that the possible decrease of decorin level by
reduction of the DS ratio probably caused an increase of free TGF-β1 in
Zip13-KO mice. In conclusion, skin fragility due to defective
ZIP13 protein may be attributable to impaired extracellular matrix
synthesis accompanied by abnormal peripheral TGF-β homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hirose
- Department of Veterinary Microanatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Youngstrom DW, Rajpar I, Kaplan DL, Barrett JG. A bioreactor system for in vitro tendon differentiation and tendon tissue engineering. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:911-8. [PMID: 25664422 PMCID: PMC5098427 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There is significant clinical demand for functional tendon grafts in human and veterinary medicine. Tissue engineering techniques combining cells, scaffolds, and environmental stimuli may circumvent the shortcomings of traditional transplantation processes. In this study, the influence of cyclic mechanical stimulation on graft maturation and cellular phenotype was assessed in an equine model. Decellularized tendon scaffolds from four equine sources were seeded with syngeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and subjected to 0%, 3%, or 5% strain at 0.33 Hz for up to 1 h daily for 11 days. Cells cultured at 3% strain integrated deep into their scaffolds, altered extracellular matrix composition, adopted tendon-like gene expression profiles, and increased construct elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength to native levels. This bioreactor protocol is therefore suitable for cultivating replacement tendon material or as an in vitro model for studying differentiation of stem cells toward tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Youngstrom
- Program in Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Leesburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ibtesam Rajpar
- Program in Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Leesburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jennifer G. Barrett
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Leesburg, Virginia, United States of America
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Vieira CP, Guerra FDR, de Oliveira LP, Almeida MS, Marcondes MCC, Pimentell ER. Green tea and glycine aid in the recovery of tendinitis of the Achilles tendon of rats. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 56:50-8. [PMID: 25360832 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2014.983270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Green tea (GT) is widely used due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Previous studies have shown beneficial effects of a glycine diet on the remodeling process in inflamed tendons. Tendinitis is commonly observed in athletes and is of concern to surgeons due to the slowness of the recovery process. Our hypothesis is that GT + a glycine diet may improve tendinitis. AIM OF THE STUDY To analyze the effect of GT and/or glycine in the diet on tendinitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (G): control group (C); G1 and G4, tendinitis; G2 and G5, tendinitis supplied with GT; and G3 and G6, tendinitis supplied with GT and a glycine diet for 7 or 21 days, respectively. We performed zymography for metalloproteinase, biochemical, morphological and biomechanics tests. RESULTS G2, G3 and G5 showed high levels of hydroxyproline in relation to G1, while G4 showed high levels of glycosaminoglycans. High activity of metalloproteinase-2 was detected in G3. The organization of collagen bundles was better in G2 and G3. G5 showed similar birefringence measurements compared with C. G5 withstood a larger load compared with G4. CONCLUSIONS The presence of metalloproteinase-2 indicates that a tissue is undergoing a remodeling process. High birefringence suggests a better organization of collagen bundles. After 21 days, G5 sustained a high load before rupture, unlike G4. The results suggest that GT + a glycine diet has beneficial effects that aid in the recovery process of the tendon after tendinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Vieira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas , Campinas, SP , Brazil and
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Shinozaki A, Takagi S, Hosaka YZ, Uehara M. The fibrous tapetum of the horse eye. J Anat 2013; 223:509-18. [PMID: 24102505 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The tapetum lucidum is a light-reflective tissue in the eyes of many animals. Many ungulates have a fibrous tapetum. The horse has one of the largest eyes of any living animal and also has excellent vision in low-light environments. This study aimed to clarify the macroscopic tapetal shape, relationship between the tapetal thickness and the degree of pigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), spatial relationship between the visual streak and the tapetum, and wavelength of the light reflected from the tapetum in the horse. Macroscopically, weak light revealed the tapetum as a horizontal band located dorsal to and away from the optic disc. The tapetum expanded dorsally as the illumination increased. The tapetal tissue consisted of lamellae of collagen fibrils running parallel to the retinal surface; these spread over almost the entire ocular fundus and were thicker in the horizontal band dorsal to the disc. Only the horizontal band of the tapetum was covered by unpigmented RPE, suggesting that this band reflects light and is responsible for mesopic and scotopic vision. The visual streak was located in the ventral part of the horizontal band, ventral to the thickest part of the tapetum. The wavelength of the light reflected from the horizontal band of the tapetum was estimated from the diameter and interfibrous distance of the collagen fibrils to be approximately 468 nm. Therefore, the light reflected from the tapetum should be more effectively absorbed by rods than by cones, and should not interfere with photopic vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Shinozaki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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Kahn CJF, Dumas D, Arab-Tehrany E, Marie V, Tran N, Wang X, Cleymand F. Structural and mechanical multi-scale characterization of white New-Zealand rabbit Achilles tendon. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 26:81-9. [PMID: 23811279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multi-scale characterization of structures and mechanical behavior of biological tissues are of huge importance in order to evaluate the quality of a biological tissue and/or to provide bio-inspired scaffold for functional tissue engineering. Indeed, the more information on main biological tissue structures we get, the more relevant we will be to design new functional prostheses for regenerative medicine or to accurately evaluate tissues. From this perspective, we have investigated the structures and their mechanical properties from nanoscopic to macroscopic scale of fresh ex-vivo white New-Zealand rabbit Achilles tendon using second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and tensile tests to provide a "simple" model whose parameters are relevant of its micro or nano structure. Thus, collagen fiber's crimping was identified then measured from SHG images as a plane sine wave with 28.4 ± 5.8 μm of amplitude and 141 ± 41 μm of wavelength. Young's moduli of fibrils (3.0 GPa) and amorphous phases (223 MPa) were obtained using TH-AFM. From these investigations, a non-linear Zener model linking a statistical Weibull's distribution of taut fibers under traction to crimp fibers were developed. This model showed that for small strain (<0.1), the amorphous inter-fibrils phase in collagen fibers is more solicited than collagen fibrils themselves. The results open the way to modeled macroscopic mechanical behavior of aligned-crimped collagen soft tissues using multi-scale tendon observations under static or dynamic solicitations.
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12
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Lu P, Zhang GR, Cai YZ, Heng BC, Ren H, Wang LL, Ji J, Zou XH, Ouyang HW. Lentiviral-encoded shRNA silencing of proteoglycan decorin enhances tendon repair and regeneration within a rat model. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:1507-17. [PMID: 23295185 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x661292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Injured tendons often heal with scar tissue formation, resulting in uniformly smaller collagen fibrils and poor mechanical properties. The small leucine-rich proteoglycan decorin is well known to regulate fusion of collagen fibrils. Rat patellar tendon cells were transfected with lentiviral-encoded shRNA that specifically targets decorin. Silencing of decorin expression resulted in decreased cell growth. Three types of scaffold-free engineered tendons with different mix ratios of anti-decorin shRNA-treated cells to untreated cells at 1:0 (DCN), 1:1 (MIX), and 0:1 (CON) were utilized for repair of injured patellar tendons. Four weeks after implantation in situ, the MIX group manifested the best results (best coordination of histology, more mature collagen deposition, and larger collagen fibril diameter). Although the DCN group exhibited the largest collagen fibril diameter, this was associated with abnormal shape. Hence, regulation of decorin expression to an appropriate level is crucial for tendon repair with gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Center for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Dunkman AA, Buckley MR, Mienaltowski MJ, Adams SM, Thomas SJ, Satchell L, Kumar A, Pathmanathan L, Beason DP, Iozzo RV, Birk DE, Soslowsky LJ. Decorin expression is important for age-related changes in tendon structure and mechanical properties. Matrix Biol 2012. [PMID: 23178232 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aging population is at an increased risk of tendon injury and tendinopathy. Elucidating the molecular basis of tendon aging is crucial to understanding the age-related changes in structure and function in this vulnerable tissue. In this study, the structural and functional features of tendon aging are investigated. In addition, the roles of decorin and biglycan in the aging process were analyzed using transgenic mice at both mature and aged time points. Our hypothesis is that the increase in tendon injuries in the aging population is the result of altered structural properties that reduce the biomechanical function of the tendon and consequently increase susceptibility to injury. Decorin and biglycan are important regulators of tendon structure and therefore, we further hypothesized that decreased function in aged tendons is partly the result of altered decorin and biglycan expression. Biomechanical analyses of mature (day 150) and aged (day 570) patellar tendons revealed deteriorating viscoelastic properties with age. Histology and polarized light microscopy demonstrated decreased cellularity, alterations in tenocyte shape, and reduced collagen fiber alignment in the aged tendons. Ultrastructural analysis of fibril diameter distributions indicated an altered distribution in aged tendons with an increase of large diameter fibrils. Aged wild type tendons maintained expression of decorin which was associated with the structural and functional changes seen in aged tendons. Aged patellar tendons exhibited altered and generally inferior properties across multiple assays. However, decorin-null tendons exhibited significantly decreased effects of aging compared to the other genotypes. The amelioration of the functional deficits seen in the absence of decorin in aged tendons was associated with altered tendon fibril structure. Fibril diameter distributions in the decorin-null aged tendons were comparable to those observed in the mature wild type tendon with the absence of the subpopulation containing large diameter fibrils. Collectively, our findings provide evidence for age-dependent alterations in tendon architecture and functional activity, and further show that lack of stromal decorin attenuates these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Dunkman
- The McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 424 Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Z Hosaka Y, Ishibashi M, Wakamatsu JI, Uehara M, Nishimura T. Myostatin regulates proliferation and extracellular matrix mRNA expression in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Biomed Res 2012; 33:355-61. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.33.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Watanabe T, Imamura Y, Suzuki D, Hosaka Y, Ueda H, Hiramatsu K, Takehana K. Concerted and adaptive alignment of decorin dermatan sulfate filaments in the graded organization of collagen fibrils in the equine superficial digital flexor tendon. J Anat 2011; 220:156-63. [PMID: 22122012 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) has a graded distribution of collagen fibril diameters, with predominantly small-diameter fibrils in the region of the myotendinous junction (MTJ), a gradual increase in large-diameter fibrils toward the osteotendinous junction (OTJ), and a mixture of small- and large-diameter fibrils in the middle metacarpal (MM) region. In this study, we investigated the ultrastructure of the SDFT, to correlate the spatial relationship of the collagen fibrils with the graded distribution. The surface-to-surface distances of pairs of fibrils were found to be almost constant over the entire tendon. However, the center-to-center distances varied according to fibril diameter. Decorin is the predominant proteoglycan in normal mature tendons, and has one dermatan sulfate (DS) or chondroitin sulfate (CS) filament as a side chain which is associated with the surfaces of the collagen fibrils via its core protein. We identified a coordinated arrangement of decorin DS filaments in the equine SDFT. The sizes of the decorin DS filaments detected by Cupromeronic blue staining showed a unique regional variation; they were shortest in the MM region and longer in the MTJ and OTJ regions, and a considerable number of filaments were arranged obliquely to adjacent collagen fibrils in the MTJ region. This regional variation of the filaments may be an adaptation to lubricate the interfibrillar space in response to local mechanical requirements. The results of this study suggest that the MTJ region, which receives the muscular contractile force first, acts as a buffer for mechanical forces in the equine SDFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Anatomy, Department of Food Production Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
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Hosaka YZ, Uratsuji T, Ueda H, Uehara M, Takehana K. Comparative study of the properties of tendinocytes derived from three different sites in the equine superficial digital flexor tendon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 31:35-44. [PMID: 20203418 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.31.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This aim of this study was to determine the characteristic differences in tendinocytes derived from three sites of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT)-proximally the myotendinous junction (MTJ), mid-metacarpal (mM) and osteotendinous junction (OTJ)-in morphology, proliferation, and ability for synthesis of collagen and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Little difference was observed in cell proliferation. Addition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha to the culture medium resulted in increased collagen synthesis by tendinocytes from all three sites. The amount of collagen synthesized by tendinocytes derived from the mM and OTJ was much larger than that synthesized by untreated tendinocytes. A collagen zymogram revealed that proMMP-13 synthesis was increased towards the distal site. However, TNFalpha treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the amount of proMMP-13 synthesized by tendinocytes from all three sites. On the other hand, a gelatin zymogram showed that the synthesis level of proMMP-9 tended to decrease towards the distal site, but there was little difference between synthesis levels of proMMP-9 before and after TNFalpha treatment. These results indicated that tendinocytes in the same tendon have different characteristics and that these characterisities would reflect the function of tendinocytes in vivo. Also, the isolated tendinocytes provided much information on the characteristics and properties of tendons for the ECM turnover system and on the responsiveness of tendinocytes to complex inflammatory responses in a tendinopathy condition.
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Park H, Karajanagi S, Wolak K, Aanestad J, Daheron L, Kobler JB, Lopez-Guerra G, Heaton JT, Langer RS, Zeitels SM. Three-Dimensional Hydrogel Model Using Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Vocal Fold Augmentation. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:535-43. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoungshin Park
- Department of Surgery, Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Kathryn Wolak
- Department of Surgery, Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jon Aanestad
- Department of Surgery, Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laurence Daheron
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James B. Kobler
- Department of Surgery, Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gerardo Lopez-Guerra
- Department of Surgery, Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James T. Heaton
- Department of Surgery, Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert S. Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Steven M. Zeitels
- Department of Surgery, Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Hou Y, Mao Z, Wei X, Lin L, Chen L, Wang H, Fu X, Zhang J, Yu C. Effects of transforming growth factor-β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor 165 gene transfer on Achilles tendon healing. Matrix Biol 2009; 28:324-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Iwasaki S, Hosaka Y, Iwasaki T, Yamamoto K, Nagayasu A, Ueda H, Kokai Y, Takehana K. The modulation of collagen fibril assembly and its structure by decorin: an electron microscopic study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 71:37-44. [PMID: 18622092 DOI: 10.1679/aohc.71.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to determine the effect of decorin in the process of collagen assembly. Collagen fibrils were obtained in vitro by aggregation from commercialized acid-soluble type I collagen with the addition of different concentrations of decorin (0-25 microg/ml). All specimens were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The distribution of collagen fibril diameters was also analyzed by TEM. In samples without or with low concentrations of decorin, highly porous collagen fiber networks were formed. On the other hand, dense networks were observed in samples treated with high concentrations of decorin. The influence of decorin secreted by cells on collagen fibrils was observed by SEM, and the fiber network elasticity was measured using a rheometer. SEM images showed that collagen fiber networks without fibroblasts were much looser than those cultured with normal fibroblasts. The networks cultured with the fibroblasts were composed of straight fibers with large diameters. On the other hand, collagen fiber networks cultured with siRNA-decorin-transfected (siDT) fibroblasts had loose, meandering fibers with small diameters. The elasticity of collagen fiber networks cultured with untransfected fibroblasts showed no significant difference over the 7-day incubation period. However, significantly lower elastic values were obtained for collagen fiber networks treated with siDT cells on days 3 and 7. In addition, after treatment with 5.0 or 25 microg/ml decorin, the l collagen fiber networks cultured with siDT cells exhibited an altered structure that showed a dense structure similar to that of the fiber networks cultured with untransfected fibroblasts. In conclusion, this in vitro study showed that decorin is a regulatory and architecturally small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan in the process of collagen fibril assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Iwasaki
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
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Banos CC, Thomas AH, Kuo CK. Collagen fibrillogenesis in tendon development: Current models and regulation of fibril assembly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 84:228-44. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.20130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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UEDA H, MEGURI N, MINAGUCHI J, WATANABE T, NAGAYASU A, HOSAKA Y, TANGKAWATTANA P, KOKAI Y, TAKEHANA K. Effect of Collagen Oligopeptide Injection on Rabbit Tenositis. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:1295-300. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi UEDA
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Natsuko MEGURI
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Jun MINAGUCHI
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Takafumi WATANABE
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Aya NAGAYASU
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Yoshinao HOSAKA
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Prasarn TANGKAWATTANA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University
| | - Yasuo KOKAI
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University
| | - Kazushige TAKEHANA
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
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Sese M, Ueda H, Watanabe T, Yamamoto E, Hosaka Y, Tangkawattana P, Takehana K. Characteristics of collagen fibrils in the entire equine superficial digital flexor tendon. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 2007; 84:111-114. [PMID: 18186224 DOI: 10.2535/ofaj.84.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is one of the longest tendons in the horse. In racehorses, disturbance of the locomotor functions of the SDFT occurs most frequently in the central area of the mid-metacarpal region. While many studies have investigated the equine SDFT, there are no reports to date of the morphological characteristics of collagen fibrils in the central and peripheral areas of each of the three regions that comprise the entire tendon: the myotendinous junction (MTJ), the mid-metacarpal region (mM) and the osteotendinous junction (OTJ). Mass average diameter (MAD), which provides functional information on the mean collagen fibril diameter and tensile strength of the tendon, was found to be smaller in the central area than in the peripheral area of all three regions. The MAD value was lowest in both the central and peripheral areas in the MTJ region, and tended to increase generally in a distal direction in the OTJ. The OTJ is important parts that unite with the bone. We conclude that morphological structure suggested that it corresponds to biomechanical function in some region of the equine SDFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Sese
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Song Y, Hong X, Yu Y, Lin Y. Changes of collagen type III and decorin in paraurethral connective tissue from women with stress urinary incontinence and prolapse. Int Urogynecol J 2007; 18:1459-63. [PMID: 17396208 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-007-0356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen premenopausal women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI), 6 with SUI and prolapse, 9 with prolapse, and 19 without prolapse were enrolled to observe the content change of collagen type III and the expression of decorin mRNA in paraurethral connective tissues. Collagen type III from transvaginal biopsies was assayed by immunohistochemical staining and decorin mRNA was detected by real-time PCR. Premenopausal women with SUI had a significantly decreased level of collagen type III. Decorin mRNA expression was significantly increased in both premenopausal SUI+prolapse group and premenopausal prolapse group reflected by the decrease of DeltaCt value compared to their corresponding controls. The results suggest that a high level of decorin mRNA might be associated with the reduced content of collagen type III, resulting in a less flexible form of extracellular matrix in the connective tissue in SUI and prolapse patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, People's Republic of China.
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Sardari K. Local injection of a mixture of beta-aminopropionitril fumarate and sodium hyaluronate together with controlled exercise for treatment of subacute superficial digital flexor tendonitis in horses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-007-0683-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Watanabe T, Imamura Y, Hosaka Y, Ueda H, Takehana K. Graded arrangement of collagen fibrils in the equine superficial digital flexor tendon. Connect Tissue Res 2007; 48:332-7. [PMID: 18075820 DOI: 10.1080/03008200701692800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
By using ultramorphological and biochemical methods, we analyzed the regional differences between the three parts of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), namely, the myotendinous junction (MTJ), middle metacarpal (mM), and osteotendinous junction (OTJ). Cross-sectional images showed unique distributions of collagen fibrils of varying diameters in each region. Small collagen fibrils (diameter <100 nm) were distributed predominantly in the MTJ region, and the OTJ region was relatively rich in large collagen fibrils (diameter >200 nm). In the mM region, the collagen fibrils were intermediately distributed between the MTJ and OTJ. The results indicate a graded arrangement of collagen fibrils in the tendon. Type V collagen was detected preferentially in the MTJ region. Since type V collagen is believed to be one of the collagens regulating collagen fibril formation, its possible functionality in the MTJ region in terms of fibril formation and fibril arrangement in the tendon has been discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Watanabe
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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Matsuda N, Koyama YI, Hosaka Y, Ueda H, Watanabe T, Araya T, Irie S, Takehana K. Effects of Ingestion of Collagen Peptide on Collagen Fibrils and Glycosaminoglycans in the Dermis. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2006; 52:211-5. [PMID: 16967766 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.52.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of collagen peptide ingestion on fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix in the dermis, collagen peptide was administered orally to pigs at 0.2 g/kg body weight/d for 62 d, and its effects were compared with those of lactalbumin and water controls. Fibroblast density, and diameter and density of collagen fibrils were significantly larger in the collagen peptide group than in the lactalbumin and water control groups. The two major components of dermal glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronic acid and dermatan sulfate, which are present in the inter-fibrillar space, did not differ significantly among the three groups. However, the ratio of dermatan sulfate, which is derived from fibril-bound decorin, was largest in the collagen peptide group. These results suggest that ingestion of collagen peptide induces increased fibroblast density and enhances formation of collagen fibrils in the dermis in a protein-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Matsuda
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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