1
|
Lorenzetti DM, Freitas JP, Mazaro RD, Beckenkamp MB, Weiblen C, de Azevedo MI, Denardi LB, Santurio JM, Kommers GD, Tonin AA, Fighera RA. Invasive candidiasis in dogs: A case report and review of the literature. J Mycol Med 2024; 34:101502. [PMID: 39173425 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis is characterized by the systemic dissemination of Candida spp. and colonization of multiple organs. We are reporting a case of invasive candidiasis in a 3.5-year-old female mixed-breed dog with a history of limb injury. After clinical evaluation and complementary examinations a sepsis diagnose was established. The patient remained hospitalized under antibiotic therapy, dying three days later. Necropsy revealed white, nodular (pyogranulomas), and multifocal areas on the liver, button ulcers in the stomach and intestines, and a random lung consolidation. Impression smears were made from the liver and lung surface lesions during necropsy showing yeast and pseudohyphae structures. Fragments of these organs were sent for fungal culture and subsequent molecular etiologic characterization, identifying it as Candida albicans. Histological examination of different organs showed pyogranulomatous inflammation surrounding the necrosis areas, which were full of yeast and pseudohyphae, as evidenced by periodic acid Schiff and immunohistochemistry. Neutropenia, as a consequence of sepsis, associated with the use of antibiotics may have allowed yeast invasion and proliferation in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, reaching the liver and lungs through hematogenous route. Invasive candidiasis is a rare canine disease, and no other cases of neutropenia associated with antibiotic therapy, as a predisposing factors, have been reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Lorenzetti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - João P Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Renata D Mazaro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Marina B Beckenkamp
- Programa de Residência, Clínica de Pequenos Animais, Hospital Veterinário Universitário, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), UFSM, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Carla Weiblen
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas (LAPEMI), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), UFSM, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Maria I de Azevedo
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Laura B Denardi
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas (LAPEMI), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), UFSM, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jânio M Santurio
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas (LAPEMI), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), UFSM, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Glaucia D Kommers
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV), Departamento de Patologia, CCS, UFSM, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Tonin
- Medicina Veterinária, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas (IFAM), Campus Manaus Zona Leste, Av. Cosme Ferreira 8045, Manaus, AM, 69083-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Fighera
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV), Departamento de Patologia, CCS, UFSM, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Royaux E, Corbetta D, Czerwiñska M, Gosling F, Genain M. Clinicopathological and diagnostic imaging findings in a dog with neurocandidiasis. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:2362-2367. [PMID: 38769641 PMCID: PMC11256180 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurocandidiasis is systemic candidiasis with central nervous system involvement. This case report describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic test results, and histopathology of a dog with neurocandidiasis. A 3-year-old German shepherd dog was presented for a 3-day history of abnormal mentation, neck pain, and ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the brain revealed multifocal, small, round, intra-axial lesions within the forebrain. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed severe neutrophilic inflammation. Extensive testing for infectious diseases was negative. The dog was administered immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids. The dog's clinical signs improved transiently but got worse 12 days after starting the treatment. Repeat MRI scan revealed multiple, intra-axial, target-like nodular lesions scattered throughout the brain parenchyma. In the temporal muscles, nodules were seen. Cytology of the fine needle aspirates of the nodules in the temporal muscles revealed a neutrophilic inflammation with hyalohyphomycosis. Postmortem examination was compatible with a severe systemic fungal infection. Candida albicans was isolated from the brain, kidney, and heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Royaux
- Davies Veterinary Specialists part of Linnaeus Veterinary LimitedHitchinUnited Kingdom
| | - Davide Corbetta
- The Queen's Veterinary Hospital, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Monika Czerwiñska
- Davies Veterinary Specialists part of Linnaeus Veterinary LimitedHitchinUnited Kingdom
| | - Fiona Gosling
- Veterinary Pathology Group (VPG)HitchinUnited Kingdom
| | - Marie‐Aude Genain
- Cambridge Veterinary School, Veterinary MedicineCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Headley SA, Gomes ALPL, Martinelli TM, Fritzen JTT, Teixeira Vanzela AL, Silva FHP, Gaspar T, Giordano LGP, Alfieri AA, Gomes LA. The pathology of canine mammary candidiasis with embolic dissemination in a dog. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106424. [PMID: 37913829 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Candidiasis is a fungal disease caused by Candida albicans or other members of the genus Candida. Descriptions of candidiasis are comparatively reduced in veterinary relative to human medicine, with no cases of mammary candidiasis being identified in pet animals. This report presents the cytological, pathological, and molecular findings of mammary candidiasis with embolic dissemination in a postpartum dog. A 1-year-old, female Shih-tzu dog that had recently given birth was admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital in Southern Brazil after repeated episodes of intermittent mammary disease and a neurological syndrome. The dog was euthanized due to worsened clinical status and poor prognosis despite adequate clinical therapy and was submitted for routine post-mortem evaluation to determine the cause of the neurological manifestations. Cytological analysis of purulent mastitis identified intralesional fungal hyphae. Gross evaluation revealed multiple masses within the kidneys, liver, myocardium, pancreas, and brain. Routine histopathology and histochemistry identified fungal nephritis, hepatitis, myocarditis, pancreatitis, and encephalitis associated with intralesional fungal hyphae, frequently with fungal emboli and vasculitis. Pure cultures of C. albicans were obtained from fragments of the masses observed at the myocardium and kidneys, with the typical germ tube of C. albicans being identified by microscopic evaluation. A PCR assay that targeted the ITS1 and 4 generic regions of fungi, amplified the desired amplicon, and direct sequencing confirmed C. albicans. Immunohistochemical and molecular assays designed to identify common infectious disease pathogens of dogs did not confirm the participation of canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, or canine adenovirus in the target tissues of this dog. These findings suggest that this dog suffered an initial cutaneous lesion, that probably served as portal of entry to the mammary gland, resulting in mammary candidiasis with subsequent embolic dissemination to multiple organs. This report represent the first description of mammary candidiasis in pet animals and probably one of the few pathological descriptions of mammary candidiasis in domestic animals. In this case, the cause of the fungal infection was probably associated with factors intrinsic to abdominal surgery, pregnancy, and the utilization of antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory (LAMSA), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Ana Laura Paulino Leite Gomes
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tayná Mesias Martinelli
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliana Torres Tomazi Fritzen
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Teixeira Vanzela
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flavia Helena Pereira Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Taís Gaspar
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucienne Garcia Pretto Giordano
- Laboratory of Animal Mycology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory (LAMSA), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucas Alecio Gomes
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jaffey JA, Okwumabua O, Graves TK, Al-Nakkash L, Monasky R, Wilson A, Thangamani S. Evaluation of Candida spp. and Other Fungi in Feces from Dogs with Naturally Occurring Diabetes Mellitus. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9100567. [PMID: 36288180 PMCID: PMC9609726 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disorder in dogs that is similar to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in humans. Candida spp. is a common non-pathogenic fungi that is identified more commonly and in higher amounts in humans with T1DM, including the gastrointestinal tract. This change to the distribution of microorganisms that inhabit the intestine has potential to affect glycemic control and even spread to other organs and cause severe illness. There are no studies that have investigated whether diabetic dogs, like humans, have alterations to the intestinal mycobiome. Therefore, our study sought to determine whether differences exist in the types of fungi cultured from feces in diabetic dogs and non-diabetic healthy control dogs. In addition, we wanted to find out if there were variables associated with fungi colonization. Diabetic dogs had more quantitative fungal growth than controls and females were more likely to yield growth than males. Diabetic dogs were also more likely to have Candida spp. colonized from feces. Glycemic control was also seemingly associated with growth of Candida spp. in diabetic dogs. Our results indicate that the intestinal mycobiome is altered in diabetic dogs with increased prevalence of Candida spp. and quantitative growth of fungi. Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrinopathy in dogs and in most cases is analogous to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in humans. Candida spp. is a common commensal fungi with higher prevalence and magnitude of growth in humans with T1DM. There is currently no published information about the fungal microbiome in diabetic dogs. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (i) determine whether diabetic dogs were more likely to have Candida spp. or other types of fungi from feces compared to non-diabetic controls, and (ii) identify variables associated with fungi colonization. Fourteen diabetic dogs and 14 age, sex, and breed matched non-diabetic healthy control dogs were included in this prospective case–control study. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was used for fungal identification. Diabetic dogs had greater quantitative fungal growth compared to controls (p = 0.004). Moreover, female dogs were more likely to have fungi colonization than males (p = 0.02). All instances of Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. colonization were exclusively identified in diabetic dogs. Serum fructosamine concentration was higher in diabetic dogs with fecal colonization of Candida spp. compared to diabetic dogs without growth (p = 0.03). Our results indicate that the fungal microbiome in feces is altered in diabetic dogs, which seem to favor an increased prevalence of Candida spp. and higher quantitative fungal growth. Moreover, female sex and glycemic control could affect the intestinal mycobiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared A. Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- Correspondence: (J.A.J.); (S.T.)
| | - Ogi Okwumabua
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Thomas K. Graves
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Layla Al-Nakkash
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Ross Monasky
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Alec Wilson
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Shankar Thangamani
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
- Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
- Correspondence: (J.A.J.); (S.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rayment KM, Garner MM, Drees R, Francis MM, Rose JB, Sim RR. Atypical Candidiasis of the Gnathotheca in a Lesser Flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor). J Avian Med Surg 2022; 35:457-463. [DOI: 10.1647/20-00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M. Rayment
- From the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA (Rayment); Northwest ZooPath, 654 West Main St, Monroe, WA 98272, USA (Garner); Royal Veterinary College, Hawks-head Lane, North Mymms, Ha
| | - Michael M. Garner
- From the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA (Rayment); Northwest ZooPath, 654 West Main St, Monroe, WA 98272, USA (Garner); Royal Veterinary College, Hawks-head Lane, North Mymms, Ha
| | - Randi Drees
- From the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA (Rayment); Northwest ZooPath, 654 West Main St, Monroe, WA 98272, USA (Garner); Royal Veterinary College, Hawks-head Lane, North Mymms, Ha
| | - Marla M. Francis
- From the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA (Rayment); Northwest ZooPath, 654 West Main St, Monroe, WA 98272, USA (Garner); Royal Veterinary College, Hawks-head Lane, North Mymms, Ha
| | - Josephine B. Rose
- From the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA (Rayment); Northwest ZooPath, 654 West Main St, Monroe, WA 98272, USA (Garner); Royal Veterinary College, Hawks-head Lane, North Mymms, Ha
| | - Richard R. Sim
- From the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA (Rayment); Northwest ZooPath, 654 West Main St, Monroe, WA 98272, USA (Garner); Royal Veterinary College, Hawks-head Lane, North Mymms, Ha
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vetere A, Bertocchi M, Pelizzone I, Moggia E, Gerosa S, Di Ianni F. Klebsiella sp.-related infectious spondylitis in a bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps). BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:230. [PMID: 34187470 PMCID: PMC8244127 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spondylitis is an inflammation of the vertebrae that leads to a destructive process with exuberant new bone formation. Osteomyelitis can produce a distortion of the bone architecture, degenerative joint changes and ankyloses of adjacent vertebrae. In reptiles, intervertebral discs are absent, so the term discospondylitis is not used. In lizards, vertebral lesions have not been well studied. The present paper describes the first case of Klebsiella sp.-related spondylitis in a pet lizard (Pogona vitticeps). Case presentation A 2-year-old, female bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) was presented for clinical examination due to a decreased activity level, decreased appetite and constipation. Blood tests showed no remarkable alterations. The haemogram showed normal parameters with relative lymphocytosis, although the absolute number of lymphocytes did not differ from the reference values. A computed tomography scan revealed a mixed osteolytic-proliferative bone lesion diffusing to the first and last tracts of the pre-sacral vertebrae together. A small amount of material obtained from the spinal swelling was sampled with an aseptic technique for bacterial culture, which was positive for Klebsiella sp. The antibiogram revealed sensitivity to enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, and chloramphenicol and intermediate sensitivity to gentamicin. Complete return to spontaneous feeding was achieved 15 days after the beginning of antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy. Conclusions In veterinary medicine, spondylitis represents a well-known disease in small companion animals. In mammals, the most common aetiologic agents are fungi and bacteria. Antibiotic therapy was set based on the antibiogram, and marbofloxacin was chosen at a dosage of 10 mg/kg subcutaneously (SC) once per day (SID). After only 7 days of antibiotic therapy, the clinical condition improved significantly; the patient started feeding and drinking spontaneously and gained weight. This case should remind clinicians of the importance of always performing antibiograms before choosing any antibiotic therapy. Considering reptiles, there have been few papers about spinal diseases, mostly regarding snakes and a few about Iguana iguana. Relative to other species of saurians, the literature remains lacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Vetere
- Clinica Veterinaria Modena Sud, Piazza dei Tintori, 1, Spilamberto (MO), Italy
| | - Mara Bertocchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma (PR), Italy.
| | - Igor Pelizzone
- Ambulatorio Veterinario Belvedere, Via Pietro Bembo 12, 42123, Reggio Emilia (RE), Italy
| | - Emanuele Moggia
- Ambulatorio Veterinario Levante, Via Alberto Salietti, 6, 16043, Chiavari (GE), Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gerosa
- Ospedale Veterinario San Francesco, via Newton 2, 20148, Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Francesco Di Ianni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma (PR), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Levy A, Harran N, Hammer M, Bennaim M. Fungal osteomyelitis caused by
Candida glabrata
in a Groenendael dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Levy
- Department of Diagnostic ImagingAquivet Centre Hospitalier VétérinaireEysinesNouvelle‐AquitaineFrance
| | - Nathaniel Harran
- Department of Diagnostic ImagingAquivet Centre Hospitalier VétérinaireEysinesNouvelle‐AquitaineFrance
| | - Meike Hammer
- Department of SurgeryAquivet Centre Hospitalier VétérinaireEysinesNouvelle‐AquitaineFrance
| | - Michael Bennaim
- Department of Internal MedicineAquivet Centre Hospitalier VétérinaireEysinesNouvelle‐AquitaineFrance
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cordeiro RDA, Sales JA, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Brilhante RSN, Ponte YBD, dos Santos Araújo G, Mendes PBL, Pereira VS, Alencar LPD, Pinheiro ADQ, Sidrim JJC, Rocha MFG. Candida parapsilosis complex in veterinary practice: A historical overview, biology, virulence attributes and antifungal susceptibility traits. Vet Microbiol 2017; 212:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
9
|
Willems N, Houwers DJ, Schlotter YM, Theelen B, Boekhout T. Disseminated Candidiasis in a Young, Previously Healthy, Dog and Review of Literature. Mycopathologia 2016; 182:591-596. [PMID: 27905002 PMCID: PMC5425501 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background The reports on disseminated candidiasis in dogs so far describe at least one predisposing factor. This case report, however, highlights candidiasis in a dog without any known predisposition. Patient A 1.5-year-old intact female Hovawart dog was presented with subcutaneous nodules and polyuria/polydipsia. An excisional biopsy revealed a chronic pyogranulomatous and necrotizing inflammation with mycotic structures. The patient became febrile and lethargic, and developed lameness. Methods A physical examination, blood tests, urinalysis, thoracic radiographs, abdominal ultrasonography of the abdomen, fine-needle aspiration biopsies, and a culture of a subcutaneous nodule aspirate were obtained. Selected sections of multiple organs were collected for routine histology postmortem. The isolate and a subcutaneous mass were subjected to molecular identification and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF–MS) analysis. Results Clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings were consistent with a granulomatous chronic systemic inflammation. Cytology and histology showed a pyogranulomatous and necrotizing inflammation with myriads of intra- and extra-cellular yeasts and extracellular hyphae. Culture yielded numerous yeast colonies, which appeared Candida albicans–like, but showed a negative serum test and a low identification in API 20 C AUX. Nucleic acid sequences showed homology with the C. albicans-type strain CBS 562. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) resulted in a new type with designation DST121. The identification of the isolates was confirmed by MALDI-TOF–MS analysis. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Future MLST typing and investigation of virulence can provide further evidence whether this MLST-type is associated with clinical cases of disseminated candidiasis without an apparent predisposing condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Willems
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Dirk J Houwers
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette M Schlotter
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Theelen
- Department of Yeast and Basidiomycete Research, CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Department of Yeast and Basidiomycete Research, CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sharma V, Kumawat TK, Sharma A, Seth R, Chandra S. Distribution and Prevalence of Dermatophytes in Semi-Arid Region of India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2015.52010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
11
|
Gershenson RT, Melidone R, Sutherland-Smith J, Rogers CL. Abdominal aortic aneurysm associated with systemic fungal infection in a German shepherd dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2010; 47:45-9. [PMID: 21164161 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 2 yr old spayed female German shepherd presented with a chief complaint of acute onset paraparesis and weight loss. At presentation, the dog was pyrexic, nonambulatory, and had generalized muscle wasting. Neurolocalization was consistent with a thoracolumbar spinal cord lesion. An abdominal ultrasound was performed and revealed a focal dilation (4 cm) of the terminal aorta with evidence of blood stasis consistent with an aortic aneurysm. The dog was euthanized shortly after admission to the hospital and a post mortem examination was performed. Fungal organisms were identified in the aortic aneurysm as well as from the thoracic vertebrae, mesenteric lymph nodes, axillary lymph nodes, spleen, kidneys, liver, lungs, and heart. Although the morphology was consistent with Candida spp., immunohistochemistry and PCR could not definitively identify the causative organism. Mycotic aortic aneurysms are a rare finding in humans and have not been previously reported in the dog. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first known report of an aortic aneurysm associated with systemic fungal infection in a dog.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Gershenson
- Angell Animal Medical Center Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Juniantito V, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Yonezawa M, Ito S, Yamate J. Gastrointestinal candidiasis in an Aldabra giant tortoise (Geochelone gigantea). J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:1269-72. [PMID: 19801914 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An adult female Aldabra giant tortoise (Geochelone gigantea) was found dead with a 2 month-history of decreased appetite. At necropsy, multiple ulcers were seen in the mucosa of stomach and colon. Histopathologically, the ulcers were characterized by extensive necrosis, hemorrhage, and marked edema, along with numerous chlamidospores and aseptate fungal hyphae. Fungal structures infiltrated into the lamina propria, submucosa and muscle layer; their invasion into blood vessels formed thrombosis. Immunohistochemically, the fungal structures were strongly positive with an antibody against Candida spp. This case is the first report on gastrointestinal candidiasis in an Aldabra giant tortoise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vetnizah Juniantito
- Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rogers CL, Gibson C, Mitchell SL, Keating JH, Rozanski EA. Disseminated candidiasis secondary to fungal and bacterial peritonitis in a young dog. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2009; 19:193-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
14
|
MATSUDA K, SAKAGUCHI K, KOBAYASHI S, TOMINAGA M, HIRAYAMA K, KADOSAWA T, TANIYAMA H. Systemic Candidiasis and Mesenteric Mast Cell Tumor with Multiple Metastases in a Dog. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:229-32. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya MATSUDA
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Kanako SAKAGUCHI
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Shintaro KOBAYASHI
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Makiko TOMINAGA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Kazuko HIRAYAMA
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Tsuyoshi KADOSAWA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Hiroyuki TANIYAMA
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kramer K, Haist V, Roth C, Schröder C, Siesenhop U, Baumgärtner W, Wohlsein P. Systemic Candida albicans Infection in Two Alpacas (Lama pacos). J Comp Pathol 2008; 139:141-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2008.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
16
|
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of a geographically and temporally matched set of Candida albicans isolates from humans and nonmigratory wildlife in central Illinois. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2008; 7:1475-86. [PMID: 18621922 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00162-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study explored whether wildlife species serve as the reservoir for human Candida albicans strains in a given geographic area. C. albicans isolates were collected from nonmigratory wildlife admitted to the University of Illinois Wildlife Medical Clinic. A geographically and temporally matched set of C. albicans oral isolates was collected from healthy human volunteers. Multilocus sequence typing was used to assign strains to genetic clades. Clade 1 isolates, particularly diploid sequence type 69 (DST 69), were most common in humans. Clade 1 strains were less frequently recovered from wildlife, while clade 8 strains, particularly DST 90, were overrepresented in the wildlife collection. All instances where a wildlife and human isolate shared the same DST occurred within clade 1. Clade distributions between human and wildlife isolates were significantly different, demonstrating population isolation between the groups. These differences may indicate limited strain transfer between groups or differential selection of C. albicans isolates in humans and wildlife. Wildlife strains had an amphotericin B MIC significantly lower than that of human isolates; strains with increased susceptibility were from several clades. C. albicans isolates were collected from domestic animals to provide comparisons with human and wildlife data sets. C. albicans isolation from canine and feline oral and anal swabs was infrequent; companion animal isolates were closely related to clade 1 human isolates. Collectively, the data suggest a greater likelihood of C. albicans transfer from humans to animals than from animals to humans. The nontransient human population may maintain the connection between geography and the C. albicans genetic groups recovered from humans.
Collapse
|
17
|
Blanco JL, Garcia ME. Immune response to fungal infections. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 125:47-70. [PMID: 18565595 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Revised: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The immune mechanisms of defence against fungal infections are numerous, and range from protective mechanisms that were present early in evolution (innate immunity) to sophisticated adaptive mechanisms that are induced specifically during infection and disease (adaptive immunity). The first-line innate mechanism is the presence of physical barriers in the form of skin and mucous membranes, which is complemented by cell membranes, cellular receptors and humoral factors. There has been a debate about the relative contribution of humoral and cellular immunity to host defence against fungal infections. For a long time it was considered that cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was important, but humoral immunity had little or no role. However, it is accepted now that CMI is the main mechanism of defence, but that certain types of antibody response are protective. In general, Th1-type CMI is required for clearance of a fungal infection, while Th2 immunity usually results in susceptibility to infection. Aspergillosis, which is a disease caused by the fungus Aspergillus, has been the subject of many studies, including details of the immune response. Attempts to relate aspergillosis to some form of immunosuppression in animals, as is the case with humans, have not been successful to date. The defence against Aspergillus is based on recognition of the pathogen, a rapidly deployed and highly effective innate effector phase, and a delayed but robust adaptive effector phase. Candida albicans, part of the normal microbial flora associated with mucous surfaces, can be present as congenital candidiasis or as acquired defects of cell-mediated immunity. Resistance to this yeast is associated with Th1 CMI, whereas Th2 immunity is associated with susceptibility to systemic infection. Dermatophytes produce skin alterations in humans and other animals, and the essential role of the CMI response is to destroy the fungi and produce an immunoprotective status against re-infection. The resolution of the disease is associated with a delayed hypersensitive response. There are many effective veterinary vaccines against dermatophytoses. Malassezia pachydermatis is an opportunistic yeast that needs predisposing factors to cause disease, often related to an atopic status in the animal. Two species can be differentiated within the genus Cryptococcus with immunologic consequences: C. neoformans infects predominantly immunocompromised hosts, and C. gattii infects non-immunocompromised hosts. Pneumocystis is a fungus that infects only immunosupressed individuals, inducing a host defence mechanism similar to that induced by other fungal pathogens, such as Aspergillus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Blanco
- Departamento Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|