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Nhung NT, Phu DH, Carrique-Mas JJ, Padungtod P. A review and meta-analysis of non-typhoidal Salmonella in Vietnam: Challenges to the control and antimicrobial resistance traits of a neglected zoonotic pathogen. One Health 2024; 18:100698. [PMID: 38468610 PMCID: PMC10926303 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a food-borne zoonotic pathogen with important implications for human health. Despite its importance, the burden of NTS infections in Vietnam is unknown. We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis to describe the prevalence and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) for NTS over time in Vietnam. Following PRISMA guidelines, we identified 72 studies from PubMed and Google Scholar containing data relevant to 'Salmonella', 'Salmonellosis', and 'Vietnam', or 'Viet Nam'. Of those, forty-two papers reporting prevalence of NTS, and twenty-six including data on phenotypic resistance were selected for meta-analysis. The prevalence of NTS ranged from 2% to 5% in humans and from 30% to 41% in samples from animals and the farm/slaughterhouse environment. Between 2000 and 2020 we observed a 27.3% (p = 0.044) increase in absolute terms in prevalence among individuals with enteric diseases and a 12.0% (p = 0.047) increase in aquaculture/seafood samples. The most commonly serovars identified across studies included S. Weltevreden (12.0%), followed by S. Typhimurium (10.1%), S. Derby (6.4%), S. London (5.8%), S. Anatum (4.4%), S. Rissen (3.9%), S. Enteritidis (3.7%), S. Albany (3.3%) and S. 4,[5],12:i:- (3.0%). Over the same period, there was an increasing trend in the pooled AMR prevalence for quinolones (15.6% relative increase), 3rd-, 4th-, and 5th-generation cephalosporins (23.7%), penicillins (16.1%), tetracyclines (12.9%), sulfonamides (8.8%), amphenicol (17.8%), and multidrug resistance (11.4%) (all p ≤ 0.014). A broad range of AMR genes (ARGs) were detected in both human and animal populations. The observed prevalence and AMR trends in Vietnam underscore the need of adopting a One Health strategy encompassing surveillance systems, research initiatives, and awareness campaigns to effectively address the challenges posed by NTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Nhung
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Doan Hoang Phu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Doctoral Program in Health Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | | | - Pawin Padungtod
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Hanoi, Viet Nam
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Phu DH, Wongtawan T, Truong DB, Van Cuong N, Carrique-Mas J, Thomrongsuwannakij T. A systematic review and meta-analysis of integrated studies on antimicrobial resistance in Vietnam, with a focus on Enterobacteriaceae, from a One Health perspective. One Health 2022; 15:100465. [PMID: 36561710 PMCID: PMC9767812 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vietnam is a low- and middle-income country (LMIC), a primary food producer, and an antimicrobial resistance (AMR) hotspot. AMR is recognized as a One Health challenge since it may transfer between humans, animals and the environment. This study aimed to apply systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the phenotypic profiles and correlations of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae across three compartments: humans, animals and the environment in Vietnam. A total of 89 articles found in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were retrieved for qualitative synthesis. E. coli and non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) were the most common bacterial species in studies of all compartments (60/89 studies). Among antimicrobials classified as critically important, the resistance levels were observed to be highest to quinolones, 3rd generation of cephalosporins, penicillins, and aminoglycosides. Of 89 studies, 55 articles reported the resistance prevalence of E. coli and NTS in healthy humans, animals and the environment against ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, ampicillin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, chloramphenicol was used for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence was found highest in E. coli against ampicillin 84.0% (95% CI 73.0-91.0%) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim 66.0% (95% CI 56.0-75.0%) while in NTS they were 34.0% (95% CI 24.0-46.0%), 33.0% (95% CI 25.0-42.0%), respectively. There were no significant differences in the pooled prevalence of E. coli and NTS to these antimicrobials across healthy humans, animals and the environment, except for ceftazidime-resistant E. coli (χ2 = 8.29, p = 0.02), chloramphenicol-resistant E.coli (χ2 = 9.65, p < 0.01) and chloramphenicol-resistant NTS (χ2 = 7.51, p = 0.02). Findings from the multiple meta-regression models indicated that the AMR levels in E. coli (β = 1.887, p < 0.001) and the North (β = 0.798, p = 0.047) had a higher fraction of AMR than NTS and other regions of Vietnam. The outcomes of this study play an important role as the baseline information for further investigation and follow-up intervention strategies to tackle AMR in Vietnam, and more generally, can be adapted to other LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan Hoang Phu
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Tuempong Wongtawan
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Centre of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and other Microorganism, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Dinh Bao Truong
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Van Cuong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam,Ausvet PTY LTD, Bruce ACT 2617, Canberra, Australia
| | - Juan Carrique-Mas
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Ha Noi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand,Corresponding author at: Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
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Patra SD, Mohakud NK, Panda RK, Sahu BR, Suar M. Prevalence and multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica Typhimurium: an overview in South East Asia. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:185. [PMID: 34580741 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute/chronic gastroenteritis is caused by a few serovars of Salmonella enterica. Among different serovars, S. enterica Typhimurium is a potent pathogen that contributes significantly to self-limiting diarrhea related mortality worldwide. With no successful vaccine in hand against this pathogen, antibiotics are used as for gold standard for treatment against Salmonella induced gastroenteritis. Indispensably, rise in multi drug resistance against Salmonella Typhimurium poses challenge to treatment options. South East Asia, with 11 different countries, stands 3rd as super region for global burden of Salmonella induced gastroenteritis. In this review, we made an attempt to discuss on prevalence and multidrug resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium in 11 countries of South East Asia-the issue that has not been seriously addressed so far. By thorough analysis of reported data, we found varying frequencies for prevalence of Salmonella Typhimurium as well as subtle evidences on resistance of this pathogen to multiple antibiotics in different countries. Vietnam ranked top in terms of reports for prevalence and antimicrobial resistance. However, in countries such as Brunei and Timor Leste, no study has been performed so far to track the frequency of incidence and drug resistance of this pathogen. Our review, the first of its kind, emphasizes that, although the pathogen was not found as dominant serovar in South East Asia in last 20 years unlike sub-Saharan Africa, it may be still considered as a major threat in this region due to available evidences for infection in humans as well as contamination in several animal and food sources. More importantly, the importance as a public threat in this subregion of Asia is also due to resistance of this pathogen to multiple antibiotics. South East Asian countries showing incidence and multi drug resistance of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium in human and non-human sources (1969-2020). -Drug resistant S. enterica Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India.
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Parisi A, Phuong TLT, Mather AE, Jombart T, Tuyen HT, Lan NPH, Trang NHT, Carrique-Mas J, Campbell JI, Trung NV, Glass K, Kirk MD, Baker S. The role of animals as a source of antimicrobial resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella causing invasive and non-invasive human disease in Vietnam. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 85:104534. [PMID: 32920195 PMCID: PMC7705210 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) are associated with both diarrhea and bacteremia. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is common in NTS in low-middle income countries, but the major source(s) of AMR NTS in humans are not known. Here, we aimed to assess the role of animals as a source of AMR in human NTS infections in Vietnam. We retrospectively combined and analyzed 672 NTS human and animal isolates from four studies in southern Vietnam and compared serovars, sequence types (ST), and AMR profiles. We generated a population structure of circulating organisms and aimed to attribute sources of AMR in NTS causing invasive and noninvasive disease in humans using Bayesian multinomial mixture models. RESULTS Among 672 NTS isolates, 148 (22%) originated from human blood, 211 (31%) from human stool, and 313 (47%) from animal stool. The distribution of serovars, STs, and AMR profiles differed among sources; serovars Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Weltevreden were the most common in human blood, human stool, and animals, respectively. We identified an association between the source of NTS and AMR profile; the majority of AMR isolates were isolated from human blood (p < 0.001). Modelling by ST-AMR profile found chickens and pigs were likely the major sources of AMR NTS in human blood and stool, respectively; but unsampled sources were found to be a major contributor. CONCLUSIONS Antimicrobial use in food animals is hypothesized to play role in the emergence of AMR in human pathogens. Our cross-sectional population-based approach suggests a significant overlap between AMR in NTS in animals and humans, but animal NTS does explain the full extent of AMR in human NTS infections in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Parisi
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Australia
| | - Tu Le Thi Phuong
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Thibaut Jombart
- The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ha Thanh Tuyen
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Nguyen Hoang Thu Trang
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Juan Carrique-Mas
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James I. Campbell
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nguyen Vinh Trung
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Kathryn Glass
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Australia
| | - Martyn D. Kirk
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Australia
| | - Stephen Baker
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Corresponding author at: Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom.
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Mitchell MEV, Alders R, Unger F, Nguyen-Viet H, Le TTH, Toribio JA. The challenges of investigating antimicrobial resistance in Vietnam - what benefits does a One Health approach offer the animal and human health sectors? BMC Public Health 2020; 20:213. [PMID: 32046713 PMCID: PMC7014660 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The One Health concept promotes the enhancement of human, animal and ecosystem health through multi-sectorial governance support and policies to combat health security threats. In Vietnam, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animal and human health settings poses a significant threat, but one that could be minimised by adopting a One Health approach to AMR surveillance. To advance understanding of the willingness and abilities of the human and animal health sectors to undertake investigations of AMR with a One Health approach, we explored the perceptions and experiences of those tasked with investigating AMR in Vietnam, and the benefits a multi-sectorial approach offers. METHODS This study used qualitative methodology to provide key informants' perspectives from the animal and human health sectors. Two scenarios of food-borne AMR bacteria found within the pork value chain were used as case studies to investigate challenges and opportunities for improving collaboration across different stakeholders and to understand benefits offered by a One Health approach surveillance system. Fifteen semi-structured interviews with 11 participants from the animal and six from the human health sectors at the central level in Hanoi and the provincial level in Thai Nguyen were conducted. RESULTS Eight themes emerged from the transcripts of the interviews. From the participants perspectives on the benefits of a One Health approach: (1) Communication and multi-sectorial collaboration; (2) Building comprehensive knowledge; (3) Improving likelihood of success. Five themes emerged from participants views of the challenges to investigate AMR: (4) Diagnostic capacity; (5) Availability and access to antibiotics (6) Tracing ability within the Vietnamese food chain; (7) Personal benefits and (8) Managing the system. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that there is potential to strengthen multi-sectorial collaboration between the animal and human health sectors by building upon existing informal networks. Based on these results, we recommend an inclusive approach to multi-sectorial communication supported by government network activities to facilitate partnerships and create cross-disciplinary awareness and participation. The themes relating to diagnostic capacity show that both sectors are facing challenges to undertake investigations in AMR. Our results indicate that the need to strengthen the animal health sector is more pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa E V Mitchell
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 298 Kim Ma, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Robyn Alders
- Centre on Global Health Security, Chatham House, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, UK
- Development Policy Centre, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Kyeema Foundation, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, USA
| | - Fred Unger
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 298 Kim Ma, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 298 Kim Ma, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trang Thi Huyen Le
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 298 Kim Ma, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jenny-Ann Toribio
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Yuk SS, TO EO, Kwon JH, Noh JY, Hong WT, Jeong JH, Gwon GB, Song CS. Optimization of inactivated H5N9 highly pathogenic avian influenza vaccine and inactivated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium vaccine with antigen dose and prime-boost regimen in domestic ducks. Poult Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Nakayama T, Tuyet Hoa TT, Harada K, Warisaya M, Asayama M, Hinenoya A, Lee JW, Phu TM, Ueda S, Sumimura Y, Hirata K, Phuong NT, Yamamoto Y. Water metagenomic analysis reveals low bacterial diversity and the presence of antimicrobial residues and resistance genes in a river containing wastewater from backyard aquacultures in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 222:294-306. [PMID: 28062224 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The environmental pathways for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance have recently received increased attention. Aquatic environments act as reservoirs or sources of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, antimicrobial residues, and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Therefore, it is imperative to identify the role of polluted water in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial residues, ARGs, and microbiota in the freshwater systems of the Mekong Delta. We selected 12 freshwater sites from aquacultures and rivers in Can Tho, Vietnam and analyzed them for 45 antimicrobial residues and 8 ARGs by LC/MS/MS and real-time PCR, respectively. A 16S rDNA-based metagenomic analysis was conducted to characterize the water microbiota. Residues of sulfamethoxazole (10/12) and sulfadimidine (7/12) were widely detected, together with the sulfa-resistance genes sul1 (11/12) and sul2 (9/12). Additionally, sulfamethoxazole residues and the β-lactamase-resistance gene blaCTX-M-1 were detected in eight freshwater systems (8/12), suggesting that these freshwater systems may have been polluted by human activity. The metagenomic analysis showed that all the tested freshwater systems contained the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, representing 64% of the total microbiota. Moreover, the Cai Rang River site (Ri-E), which is located at the merge point of wastewaters from backyard-based aquacultures, contained the genera Polynucleobacter, Variovorax, and Limnohabitans, representing more than 78.4% of the total microbiota. Bacterial diversity analysis showed that the Ri-E exhibited the lowest diversity compared with other regions. Principal coordinate analysis showed that the differences among water microbiotas in backyard-based aquacultures could be explained by the farmers' aquaculture techniques. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a collapse of bacterial diversity at the merge point of wastewaters from backyard-based aquacultures in the Mekong Delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nakayama
- Global Collaboration Center, Osaka University, 2-7, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tran Thi Tuyet Hoa
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu, Can Tho, Viet Nam
| | - Kazuo Harada
- Global Collaboration Center, Osaka University, 2-7, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Minae Warisaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Megumi Asayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hinenoya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Joon Won Lee
- Global Collaboration Center, Osaka University, 2-7, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tran Minh Phu
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu, Can Tho, Viet Nam
| | - Shuhei Ueda
- Global Collaboration Center, Osaka University, 2-7, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sumimura
- Global Collaboration Center, Osaka University, 2-7, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Hirata
- Global Collaboration Center, Osaka University, 2-7, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nguyen Thanh Phuong
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu, Can Tho, Viet Nam
| | - Yoshimasa Yamamoto
- Global Collaboration Center, Osaka University, 2-7, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan
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Nhung NT, Cuong NV, Thwaites G, Carrique-Mas J. Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Production in Southeast Asia: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2016; 5:E37. [PMID: 27827853 PMCID: PMC5187518 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics5040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Southeast Asia is an area of great economic dynamism. In recent years, it has experienced a rapid rise in the levels of animal product production and consumption. The region is considered to be a hotspot for infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We reviewed English-language peer-reviewed publications related to antimicrobial usage (AMU) and AMR in animal production, as well as antimicrobial residues in meat and fish from 2000 to 2016, in the region. There is a paucity of data from most countries and for most bacterial pathogens. Most of the published work relates to non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Campylobacter spp. (mainly from Vietnam and Thailand), Enterococcus spp. (Malaysia), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Thailand). However, most studies used the disk diffusion method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; breakpoints were interpreted using Clinical Standard Laboratory Institute (CSLI) guidelines. Statistical models integrating data from publications on AMR in NTS and E. coli studies show a higher overall prevalence of AMR in pig isolates, and an increase in levels of AMR over the years. AMU studies (mostly from Vietnam) indicate very high usage levels of most types of antimicrobials, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and quinolones. This review summarizes information about genetic determinants of resistance, most of which are transferrable (mostly plasmids and integrons). The data in this review provide a benchmark to help focus research and policies on AMU and AMR in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T Nhung
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen V Cuong
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Guy Thwaites
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
| | - Juan Carrique-Mas
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
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Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamase productivity of Salmonella isolates from raw meat and seafood samples in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 236:115-22. [PMID: 27479779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a type of foodborne disease caused by Salmonella enterica and is a frequent cause of childhood diarrhea in Vietnam. Of particular concern is the dissemination of multidrug-resistant Salmonella, as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive isolates were recently detected in children in Vietnam. In the present study, the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates obtained from 409 raw meat and seafood samples collected between October 2012 and March 2015 from slaughterhouses, wholesale fish market, and retail markets in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam were examined. A high rate of Salmonella contamination was detected in the pork (69.7%), poultry (65.3%), beef (58.3%), shrimp (49.1%), and farmed freshwater fish samples (36.6%). A total of 53 Salmonella serovars were found, of which S. Rissen, S. Weltevreden, S. London, S. Anatum, S. Typhimurium, and S. Corvallis were the most prevalent. In addition, 4 monophasic S. Typhimurium strains were identified using a PCR method for the detection of a specific IS200 fragment within the fliB-fliA intergenic region. The Salmonella isolates had a high prevalence (62.2%) of resistance to antimicrobial agents, particularly tetracycline (53.3%), ampicillin (43.8%), chloramphenicol (37.5%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (31.3%). Isolates with resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobials were found (41.1%). Especially, isolates such as S. monophasic Typhimurium, S. Schwarzengrund, S. Indiana, S. Newport, S. Saintpaul and S. Bovismorbificans exhibited resistance to 6 classes of antimicrobials (3.3%). All 7 S. Indiana strains were resistant to between 4 and 6 classes of antimicrobials, including ciprofloxacin, which is commonly used for the treatment of human Salmonella infections. Two fish isolates were confirmed to be CTX-M-55 ESBL-producing Salmonella serovars Bovismorbificans and Newport, and five CMY-2 AmpC-producing Salmonella isolates of serovars Braenderup (4) and Typhimurium (1) were detected in poultry samples. The findings from this study, which is the first report of ESBL- and AmpC-producing Salmonella isolates from food in Vietnam, indicate that multidrug-resistant Salmonella are widely disseminated not only in meats, but also in seafood, within the food distribution system of Vietnam. The presence of these multidrug-resistant strains is a public health concern and suggests that the use of antimicrobial agents in both humans and animals in Vietnam should be tightly controlled.
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Lettini AA, Vo Than T, Marafin E, Longo A, Antonello K, Zavagnin P, Barco L, Mancin M, Cibin V, Morini M, Dang Thi Sao M, Nguyen Thi T, Pham Trung H, Le L, Nguyen Duc T, Ricci A. Distribution of Salmonella Serovars and Antimicrobial Susceptibility from Poultry and Swine Farms in Central Vietnam. Zoonoses Public Health 2016; 63:569-576. [PMID: 26952244 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and their antimicrobial susceptibilities on poultry and swine farms, sampled in 2 regions in Central Vietnam. A total of 67 poultry farms and 46 swine farms were sampled in a period of 5 months (from September 2012 to January 2013). Salmonella spp. was prevalent in 46.3% and 71.7% of poultry and swine farms, respectively. Altogether, 99 non-typhoidal Salmonella were isolated and the most common serovars were Salmonella Weltevreden (19%), followed by Salmonella Typhimurium (12%) and Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- (11%). Overall, 71 of 99 (72%) Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one of the 14 antimicrobial agents tested. Both in poultry and swine farms, high levels of resistance were observed for ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, sulphamethoxazole and tetracycline. The presence of Salmonella isolates from poultry and swine farms which were resistant to different classes of antimicrobials suggests that alternative control measures to antimicrobials should be implemented. Moreover, an effective policy should be promoted to encourage a prudent use of these agents in animal farming in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Lettini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - T Vo Than
- Central of Vietnam Veterinary Institute, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - E Marafin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - A Longo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - K Antonello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - P Zavagnin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - L Barco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M Mancin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - V Cibin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M Morini
- International Cooperation Office, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M Dang Thi Sao
- Central of Vietnam Veterinary Institute, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - T Nguyen Thi
- Central of Vietnam Veterinary Institute, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - H Pham Trung
- Central of Vietnam Veterinary Institute, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - L Le
- Central of Vietnam Veterinary Institute, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - T Nguyen Duc
- Central of Vietnam Veterinary Institute, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - A Ricci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
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11
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Tang T, Gao Q, Barrow P, Wang M, Cheng A, Jia R, Zhu D, Chen S, Liu M, Sun K, Yang Q, Chen X. Development and evaluation of live attenuated Salmonella vaccines in newly hatched duckings. Vaccine 2015; 33:5564-5571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Sinwat N, Angkittitrakul S, Chuanchuen R. Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance inSalmonella entericaIsolated from Pork, Chicken Meat, and Humans in Northeastern Thailand. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nuananong Sinwat
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Rungtip Chuanchuen
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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13
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Noor Uddin GM, Larsen MH, Barco L, Minh Phu T, Dalsgaard A. Clonal Occurrence of Salmonella Weltevreden in Cultured Shrimp in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26222547 PMCID: PMC4519254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence, serovar and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. in shrimp samples from intensive and extensive farms located in three different provinces in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Shrimp from 11 of the 48 farms all contained S. Weltevreden, except for one farm yielding S. Agona, with no difference in Salmonella occurrence between the two production systems. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of S. Weltevreden showed closely related XbaI pulse types, suggesting a clonal relationship despite the farms and shrimp samples being epidemiologically unrelated. S. Weltevreden was susceptible to most antimicrobials tested, with a few strains being resistant to florfenicol, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole or trimethoprim. Future studies of the ecology of S. Weltevreden should establish if this serovar may survive better and even multiply in warm-water shrimp farm environments compared to other Salmonella serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazi Md. Noor Uddin
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Halberg Larsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisa Barco
- World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padua), Italy
| | - Tran Minh Phu
- College of Aquaculture & Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Anders Dalsgaard
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Richter CH, Custer B, Steele JA, Wilcox BA, Xu J. Intensified food production and correlated risks to human health in the Greater Mekong Subregion: a systematic review. Environ Health 2015; 14:43. [PMID: 26006733 PMCID: PMC4446077 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-015-0033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intensified food production, i.e. agricultural intensification and industrialized livestock operations may have adverse effects on human health and promote disease emergence via numerous mechanisms resulting in either direct impacts on humans or indirect impacts related to animal and environmental health. For example, while biodiversity is intentionally decreased in intensive food production systems, the consequential decrease in resilience in these systems may in turn bear increased health risks. However, quantifying these risks remains challenging, even if individual intensification measures are examined separately. Yet, this is an urgent task, especially in rapidly developing areas of the world with few regulations on intensification measures, such as in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). METHODS We systematically searched the databases PubMed and Scopus for recent studies conducted on the association between agricultural (irrigation, fertilization, pesticide application) and livestock (feed additives, animal crowding) intensification measures and human health risks in the GMS. The search terms used were iteratively modified to maximize the number of retrieved studies with relevant quantitative data. RESULTS We found that alarmingly little research has been done in this regard, considering the level of environmental contamination with pesticides, livestock infection with antibiotic resistant pathogens and disease vector proliferation in irrigated agroecosystems reported in the retrieved studies. In addition, each of the studies identified focused on specific aspects of intensified food production and there have been no efforts to consolidate the health risks from the simultaneous exposures to the range of hazardous chemicals utilized. CONCLUSIONS While some of the studies identified already reported environmental contamination bearing considerable health risks for local people, at the current state of research the actual consolidated risk from regional intensification measures cannot be estimated. Efforts in this area of research need to be rapidly and considerably scaled up, keeping pace with the current level of regional intensification and the speed of pesticide and drug distribution to facilitate the development of agriculture related policies for regional health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten H Richter
- Center for Mountain Ecosystem Studies, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Benjamin Custer
- World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), East and Central Asia Region, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Jennifer A Steele
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA.
| | - Bruce A Wilcox
- Global Health Asia, Integrative Education and Research Programme, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Jianchu Xu
- World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), East and Central Asia Region, Kunming, 650201, China.
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15
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Sarter S, Ho PH, To K. Current context of food safety in Vietnam: a glance at food of animal origin. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2014.x009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Sarter
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, Hanoi, Vietnam
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - P.-H. Ho
- School of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 1 Dai Co Viet road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - K.A. To
- School of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 1 Dai Co Viet road, Hanoi, Vietnam
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16
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Survival of Salmonella spp. and fecal indicator bacteria in Vietnamese biogas digesters receiving pig slurry. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2014; 217:785-95. [PMID: 24933419 PMCID: PMC7106344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Small-scale biogas digesters are widely promoted worldwide as a sustainable technology to manage livestock manure. In Vietnam, pig slurry is commonly applied to biogas digesters for production of gas for electricity and cooking with the effluent being used to fertilize field crops, vegetables and fish ponds. Slurry may contain a variety of zoonotic pathogens, e.g. Salmonella spp., which are able to cause disease in humans either through direct contact with slurry or by fecal contamination of water and foods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival of Salmonella spp. and the fecal indicator bacteria, enterococci, E. coli, and spores of Clostridium perfringens in biogas digesters operated by small-scale Vietnamese pig farmers. The serovar and antimicrobial susceptibility of the Salmonella spp. isolated were also established. The study was conducted in 12 farms (6 farms with and 6 farms without toilet connected) located in Hanam province, Vietnam. Sampling of pig slurry and biogas effluent was done during two seasons. Results showed that the concentration of enterococci, E. coli, and Clostridium perfringens spores was overall reduced by only 1–2 log10-units in the biogas digesters when comparing raw slurry and biogas effluent. Salmonella spp. was found in both raw slurry and biogas effluent. A total of 19 Salmonella serovars were identified, with the main serovars being Salmonella Typhimurium (55/138), Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- (19/138), Salmonella Weltevreden (9/138) and Salmonella Rissen (9/138). The Salmonella serovars showed similar antimicrobial resistance patterns to those previously reported from Vietnam. When promoting biogas, farmers should be made aware that effluent should only be used as fertilizer for crops not consumed raw and that indiscriminate discharge of effluent are likely to contaminate water recipients, e.g. drinking water sources, with pathogens. Relevant authorities should promote safe animal manure management practices to farmers and regulations be updated to ensure food safety and public health.
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17
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Enterobacteriaceae resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and quinolones in fresh culinary herbs imported from Southeast Asia. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 177:72-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Usui M, Ozawa S, Onozato H, Kuge R, Obata Y, Uemae T, Ngoc PT, Heriyanto A, Chalemchaikit T, Makita K, Muramatsu Y, Tamura Y. Antimicrobial susceptibility of indicator bacteria isolated from chickens in Southeast Asian countries (Vietnam, Indonesia and Thailand). J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:685-92. [PMID: 24476850 PMCID: PMC4073337 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the prevalence of indicator bacteria resistant to antimicrobials
among poultry in three Southeast Asian countries (Vietnam, Indonesia and Thailand), we
examined the antimicrobial susceptibilities of commensal bacteria isolated from chickens.
In total, 125, 117 and 180 isolates of Escherichia coli,
Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium,
respectively, were used to test for antimicrobial susceptibility. Bacterial resistance to
antimicrobial treatment was most frequently observed with oxytetracycline with a
prevalence of 73.6% (E. coli), 69.2% (E. faecalis) and
92.2% (E. faecium). Resistance to fluoroquinolones, which are critically
important medicines, was also frequently observed in E. coli (48.8%),
E. faecalis (17.9%) and E. faecium (82.8%). The
prevalence of indicator bacteria resistant to most of the antimicrobials tested in these
countries was higher than those for developed countries. The factors underlying
antimicrobial resistance may include inappropriate and/or excessive use of antimicrobials.
These results highlight the need for monitoring the emergence and prevalence of
antimicrobial resistance in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Usui
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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19
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Cha SY, Kang M, Yoon RH, Park CK, Moon OK, Jang HK. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates in Pekin ducks from South Korea. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 36:473-9. [PMID: 23618792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An investigation was carried out to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella serotypes at South Korean duck farms. A total of 7119 samples collected from 72 duck farms in five provinces were examined from 2011 to 2012. The overall prevalence of Salmonella serotypes was 43.4% (69/159) in duck flocks from 65.2% (47/72) of the duck farms. Eighty-five strains were isolated from 69 duck flocks. Three serotypes of Salmonella enterica were identified such as S. Typhimurium (39/85), S. Enteritidis (44/85), and S. London (2/85). The prevalence of Salmonella infection decreased significantly in 3-week-old ducks compared to that in 1-week-old ducks (P<0.05). All isolates except one were resistant to at least one antimicrobial and 27% of the isolates were resistant to 5-16 antimicrobials. Our findings provide baseline information on the degree of Salmonella infection and distribution of Salmonella serotypes in ducks and indicate that ducks should be considered an important source of foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Yeoun Cha
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk, South Korea
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20
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Thai TH, Lan NT, Hirai T, Yamaguchi R. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella serovars isolated from meat shops at the markets in North Vietnam. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:986-91. [PMID: 23067395 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 97 out of 245 carcass, sewage effluent, and table surface samples in meat shops at the retail markets in North Vietnam showed Salmonella positive. Eleven Salmonella serovars, including Infantis, Anatum, Rissen, Reading, London, Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Agona, Newport, Emek, and Derby, were identified. The Salmonella isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and further investigated for antimicrobial resistance genes. Resistance to kanamycin, gentamicin, neomycin, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, streptomycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, and sulphonamides was found in 28.9-56.7%. The isolates were neither resistant to ceftazidime nor norfloxacin. Sixty-four (66.0%) out of 97 isolates were resistant to at least one of 14 antimicrobials, and 55 (85.9%) out of the 64 isolates showed multidrug resistance. Thirteen resistance genes (bla(TEM), bla(OXA-1), aadA1, sul1, tetA, tetB, tetG, cmlA1, floR, dfrA1, dfrA12, aac(3)-IV, and aphA1-1AB) were detected in the resistant isolates. This study indicates that Salmonella isolated from meat shops were resistant to multiple antimicrobials, and the resistance genes were widespread among the serovars isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong Ha Thai
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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21
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Suzuki S, Hoa PTP. Distribution of quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines in aquatic environment and antibiotic resistance in indochina. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:67. [PMID: 22363337 PMCID: PMC3283837 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Southeast Asia has become the center of rapid industrial development and economic growth. However, this growth has far outpaced investment in public infrastructure, leading to the unregulated release of many pollutants, including wastewater-related contaminants such as antibiotics. Antibiotics are of major concern because they can easily be released into the environment from numerous sources, and can subsequently induce development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Recent studies have shown that for some categories of drugs this source-to-environment antibiotic resistance relationship is more complex. This review summarizes current understanding regarding the presence of quinolones, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines in aquatic environments of Indochina and the prevalence of bacteria resistant to them. Several noteworthy findings are discussed: (1) quinolone contamination and the occurrence of quinolone resistance are not correlated; (2) occurrence of the sul sulfonamide resistance gene varies geographically; and (3) microbial diversity might be related to the rate of oxytetracycline resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Suzuki
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
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22
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Van TTH, Nguyen HNK, Smooker PM, Coloe PJ. The antibiotic resistance characteristics of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica isolated from food-producing animals, retail meat and humans in South East Asia. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 154:98-106. [PMID: 22265849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem. It is most prevalent in developing countries where infectious diseases remain common, the use of antibiotics in humans and animals is widespread, and the replacement of older antibiotics with new generation antibiotics is not easy due to the high cost. Information on antibiotic resistance phenotypes and genotypes of Salmonella spp. in food animals and humans in different countries and geographic regions is necessary to combat the spread of resistance. This will improve the understanding of antibiotic resistance epidemiology, tracing of new emerging pathogens, assisting in disease treatment, and enhancing prudent use of antibiotics. However, the extent of antibiotic resistance in food-borne pathogens and humans in many developing countries remains unknown. The goal of this review is to discuss the current state of antibiotic resistance of non-typhoid Salmonella spp. in food-producing animals, retail meat and humans from South East Asia. It is focused on resistance characteristics of traditional and "critically important" antibiotics in this region, and the emergence of multidrug resistant strains and genetic elements that contribute to the development of multidrug resistance, including integrons and the Salmonella Genomic Island (SGI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Hao Van
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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23
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THAI TH, HIRAI T, LAN NT, SHIMADA A, NGOC PT, YAMAGUCHI R. Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Beef at Retail Markets in the North Vietnam. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:1163-9. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Truong Ha THAI
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki,Miyazaki 889–2192, Japan
- Department of Microbiology - Infectious Diseases - Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hanoi University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Takuya HIRAI
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki,Miyazaki 889–2192, Japan
| | - Nguyen Thi LAN
- Department of Microbiology - Infectious Diseases - Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hanoi University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Akinori SHIMADA
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680–8553, Japan
| | - Pham Thi NGOC
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene, National of Institute Veterinary Research, Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Ryoji YAMAGUCHI
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki,Miyazaki 889–2192, Japan
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Cho JK, Kang MS, Kim KS. Serotypes, antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. and plasmid profiles, phage types, PFGE of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium isolated from ducks in Daegu-Gyeongbuk province. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.7853/kjvs.2011.34.3.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Johansson M, Phuong DM, Walther SM, Hanberger H. Need for improved antimicrobial and infection control stewardship in Vietnamese intensive care units. Trop Med Int Health 2011; 16:737-43. [PMID: 21410602 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Survey of antibiotic consumption, microbial resistance and hygiene precautions in the intensive care units of three hospitals in northern Vietnam. METHODS Observational study. Data were collected from the microbiological laboratories. Antibiotic consumption was determined based on quantities of drugs delivered from the pharmacy. A protocol to observe the application of hygiene precautions was developed and used. Bacteria were typed and tested for drug susceptibility using the disc-diffusion method. RESULTS The mean antibiotic consumption was 811 defined daily doses per 1000 occupied bed days. The most commonly used antibiotics were third-generation cephalosporins, followed by carbapenems, amoxicillin and ampicillin. Eighty per cent of bacterial isolates were Gram-negative. The most common pathogens found in blood cultures were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas spp. were the two most frequently isolated bacteria from the respiratory tract and all other sources together. Seventy per cent of Acinetobacter species showed reduced susceptibility to imipenem, 80% to ciprofloxacin and 89% to ceftazidime. Forty-four per cent of Pseudomonas spp. showed reduced susceptibility to imipenem, 49% to ciprofloxacin and 49% to ceftazidime. Escherichia coli was fully susceptible to imipenem, but 57% of samples were resistant to both ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime. Hygiene precautions were poor, and fewer than 50% of patient contacts incorporated appropriate hand hygiene. CONCLUSION Low antibiotic consumption, poor hygiene precautions and the high level of antibiotic resistance indicate that there is room for improvement regarding antibiotic use and infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Johansson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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MATAYOSHI M, KUDAKA J. Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Resistance Genes Among Salmonella enterica Serovar Weltevreden Isolates from Humans, Farm Animals, and the Environment in Okinawa Prefecture Between 1992 and 2007. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 84:24-7. [DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi.84.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun KUDAKA
- Department of Biological Science, Okinawa Prefectual Insititute of Health and Environment
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27
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LY TLK, DUONG TTT, NGUYEN TT, TRAN TP, TRAN TTD, NAKADAI A, IWATA T, TANIGUCHI T, HA TT, HAYASHIDANI H. Prevalence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157 from Acute Diarrheic Children in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2743/jve.14.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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