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Shakir J, Pedicini M, Bullock BC, Hoen PW, Macias LK, Freiman J, Pletnikov MV, Tamashiro KLK, Cordner ZA. Effects of psilocybin on body weight, body composition, and metabolites in male and female mice. Physiol Behav 2024; 284:114627. [PMID: 38964565 PMCID: PMC11323168 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the therapeutic potential of psilocybin for the treatment of a wide variety of medical problems, and even for the promotion of wellbeing among healthy individuals. Interestingly, among the many proposed indications, both obesity and anorexia nervosa (AN) have been discussed. However, the effect of psilocybin on appetitive behavior and metabolism is not well known. Here, we report the effects of psilocybin on body weight, intake and output, body composition, and metabolic function among lean male and female wild-type mice. In the days immediately following treatment, both male and female mice receiving a single intraperitoneal dose of psilocybin were consistently heavier than saline controls, with no effect of psilocybin on intake or output. Co-administration of the 5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist ketanserin had no effect on this outcome. Body composition analysis revealed that psilocybin significantly increased lean and water mass among males, with a similar trend among females. A metabolic panel revealed increased creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and chloride among male and female psilocybin treated mice. Together, these findings begin to investigate the potential mechanisms of psilocybin's effects on body weight and metabolic measures. Such understanding will be critical for the safe, efficacious, and well-informed use of psilocybin in clinical and non-clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Shakir
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Megan Pedicini
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Brianna C Bullock
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Penn W Hoen
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lindsey K Macias
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jackson Freiman
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mikhail V Pletnikov
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Kellie L K Tamashiro
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Zachary A Cordner
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Gargiulo S, Barone V, Bonente D, Tamborrino T, Inzalaco G, Gherardini L, Bertelli E, Chiariello M. Integrated Ultrasound Characterization of the Diet-Induced Obesity (DIO) Model in Young Adult c57bl/6j Mice: Assessment of Cardiovascular, Renal and Hepatic Changes. J Imaging 2024; 10:217. [PMID: 39330437 PMCID: PMC11433005 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging10090217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Consuming an unbalanced diet and being overweight represent a global health problem in young people and adults of both sexes, and may lead to metabolic syndrome. The diet-induced obesity (DIO) model in the C57BL/6J mouse substrain that mimics the gradual weight gain in humans consuming a "Western-type" (WD) diet is of great interest. This study aims to characterize this animal model, using high-frequency ultrasound imaging (HFUS) as a complementary tool to longitudinally monitor changes in the liver, heart and kidney. Long-term WD feeding increased mice body weight (BW), liver/BW ratio and body condition score (BCS), transaminases, glucose and insulin, and caused dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Echocardiography revealed subtle cardiac remodeling in WD-fed mice, highlighting a significant age-diet interaction for some left ventricular morphofunctional parameters. Qualitative and parametric HFUS analyses of the liver in WD-fed mice showed a progressive increase in echogenicity and echotexture heterogeneity, and equal or higher brightness of the renal cortex. Furthermore, renal circulation was impaired in WD-fed female mice. The ultrasound and histopathological findings were concordant. Overall, HFUS can improve the translational value of preclinical DIO models through an integrated approach with conventional methods, enabling a comprehensive identification of early stages of diseases in vivo and non-invasively, according to the 3Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gargiulo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Core Research Laboratory (CRL), Istituto per lo Studio la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Virginia Barone
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Denise Bonente
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Inzalaco
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Core Research Laboratory (CRL), Istituto per lo Studio la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Lisa Gherardini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Core Research Laboratory (CRL), Istituto per lo Studio la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Eugenio Bertelli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Chiariello
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Core Research Laboratory (CRL), Istituto per lo Studio la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), 53100 Siena, Italy
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3
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Koch RL, Stanton JB, McClatchy S, Churchill GA, Craig SW, Williams DN, Johns ME, Chase KR, Thiesfeldt DL, Flynt JC, Pazdro R. Discovery of genomic loci for liver health and steatosis reveals overlap with glutathione redox genetics. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103248. [PMID: 38917671 PMCID: PMC11254179 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver condition in the United States, encompassing a wide spectrum of liver pathologies including steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Despite its high prevalence, there are no medications currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of NAFLD. Recent work has suggested that NAFLD has a strong genetic component and identifying causative genes will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms contributing to NAFLD and yield targets for future therapeutic investigations. Oxidative stress is known to play an important role in NAFLD pathogenesis, yet the underlying mechanisms accounting for disturbances in redox status are not entirely understood. To better understand the relationship between the glutathione redox system and signs of NAFLD in a genetically-diverse population, we measured liver weight, serum biomarkers aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and graded liver pathology in a large cohort of Diversity Outbred mice. We compared hepatic endpoints to those of the glutathione redox system previously measured in the livers and kidneys of the same mice, and we screened for statistical and genetic associations using the R/qtl2 software. We discovered several novel genetic loci associated with markers of liver health, including loci that were associated with both liver steatosis and glutathione redox status. Candidate genes within each locus point to possible new mechanisms underlying the complex relationship between NAFLD and the glutathione redox system, which could have translational implications for future studies targeting NAFLD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Koch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA, 30602
| | - James B Stanton
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA, 30602
| | | | | | - Steven W Craig
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA, 30602
| | - Darian N Williams
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA, 30602
| | - Mallory E Johns
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA, 30602
| | - Kylah R Chase
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA, 30602
| | - Dana L Thiesfeldt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA, 30602
| | - Jessica C Flynt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA, 30602
| | - Robert Pazdro
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA, 30602.
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Baban MM, Ahmad SA, Abu-Odeh AM, Baban M, Talib WH. Anticancer, Immunomodulatory, and Phytochemical Screening of Carthamus oxyacantha M.Bieb Growing in the North of Iraq. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:42. [PMID: 38202350 PMCID: PMC10780985 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Carthamus oxyacantha M.Bieb is a promising repository of active phytochemicals. These bioactive compounds work synergistically to promote the plant's antioxidant, anticancer, and immunomodulatory capabilities. The present study aimed to discover the potential immunomodulatory and cytotoxicity of different extracts of Carthamus oxycantha roots. Aqueous ethanol (70%), aqueous methanol (90%), ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts were tested against five cell lines (T47D, MDA-MB231, Caco-2, EMT6/P, and Vero). Among these extracts, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts showed significant activity in inhibiting the proliferation of cancerous cells because of the presence of several phytochemical compounds, including flavonoids, phenolics, and alkaloids. The n-hexane extract was the most potent extract against T47D and Caco-2 cell lines and had IC50 values of 0.067 mg/mL and 0.067 mg/mL, respectively. In comparison, ethyl acetate extract was active against T47D and MDAMB231, and IC50 values were 0.0179 mg/mL and 0.03 mg/mL, respectively. Both n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts reduced tumor size (by 49.981% and 51.028%, respectively). Remarkably, Carthamus oxyacantha extracts decreased the average weight of the tumor cells in the in vivo model. The plant induced significant apoptotic activity by the activation of caspase-3, immunomodulation of macrophages, and triggering of pinocytosis. The implications of these intriguing findings demand additional research to broaden the scope of the understanding of this field, opening the doors to the possibilities of using Carthamus oxyacantha M.Bieb as an effective cancer treatment adjuvant in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Media Mohammad Baban
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan;
| | - Saman A. Ahmad
- Biotechnology and Crop Science Department, College of Agriculture Engineering Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq;
- Botanical Foundation, The American University of Iraq, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Ala’ M. Abu-Odeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan;
| | - Mustafa Baban
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, Campus of St George’s University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK;
| | - Wamidh H. Talib
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan
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Kang JH, Asai D, Toita R. Bisphenol A (BPA) and Cardiovascular or Cardiometabolic Diseases. J Xenobiot 2023; 13:775-810. [PMID: 38132710 PMCID: PMC10745077 DOI: 10.3390/jox13040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA; 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol) is a well-known endocrine disruptor. Most human exposure to BPA occurs through the consumption of BPA-contaminated foods. Cardiovascular or cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, acute kidney disease, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure are the leading causes of death worldwide. Positive associations have been reported between blood or urinary BPA levels and cardiovascular or cardiometabolic diseases. BPA also induces disorders or dysfunctions in the tissues associated with these diseases through various cell signaling pathways. This review highlights the literature elucidating the relationship between BPA and various cardiovascular or cardiometabolic diseases and the potential mechanisms underlying BPA-mediated disorders or dysfunctions in tissues such as blood vessels, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, kidney, and heart that are associated with these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hun Kang
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Shinmachi, Kishibe, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Daisuke Asai
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan;
| | - Riki Toita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Osaka 563-8577, Japan;
- AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 Yamadaoka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Sevieri M, Mazzucchelli S, Barbieri L, Garbujo S, Carelli S, Bonizzi A, Rey F, Recordati C, Recchia M, Allevi R, Sitia L, Morasso C, Zerbi P, Prosperi D, Corsi F, Truffi M. Ferritin nanoconjugates guide trastuzumab brain delivery to promote an antitumor response in murine HER2 + breast cancer brain metastasis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106934. [PMID: 37734460 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastasis (BM) represents a clinical challenge for patients with advanced HER2 + breast cancer (BC). The monoclonal anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab (TZ) improves survival of BC patients, but it has low central nervous system penetrance, being ineffective in treating BM. Previous studies showed that ferritin nanoparticles (HFn) may cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) through binding to the transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1). However, whether this has efficacy in promoting the trans-BBB delivery of TZ and combating BC BM was not studied yet. Here, we investigated the potential of HFn to drive TZ brain delivery and promote a targeted antitumor response in a murine model of BC BM established by stereotaxic injection of engineered BC cells overexpressing human HER2. HFn were covalently conjugated with TZ to obtain a nanoconjugate endowed with HER2 and TfR1 targeting specificity (H-TZ). H-TZ efficiently achieved TZ brain delivery upon intraperitoneal injection and triggered stable targeting of cancer cells. Treatment with H-TZ plus docetaxel significantly reduced tumor growth and shaped a protective brain microenvironment by engaging macrophage activation toward cancer cells. H-TZ-based treatment also avoided TZ-associated cardiotoxicity by preventing drug accumulation in the heart and did not induce any other major side effects when combined with docetaxel. These results provided in vivo demonstration of the pharmacological potential of H-TZ, able to tackle BC BM in combination with docetaxel. Indeed, upon systemic administration, the nanoconjugate guides TZ brain accumulation, reduces BM growth and limits side effects in off-target organs, thus showing promise for the management of HER2 + BC metastatic to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sevieri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Mazzucchelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Barbieri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Garbujo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy; Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Arianna Bonizzi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Rey
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy; Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Camilla Recordati
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Fondazione Unimi, viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università di Milano, via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Matteo Recchia
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Fondazione Unimi, viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università di Milano, via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Raffaele Allevi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Sitia
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Morasso
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Zerbi
- Anatomia Patologica, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, via Pio II, 3, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Prosperi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Corsi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Marta Truffi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Lin CY, Omoscharka E, Liu Y, Cheng K. Establishment of a Rat Model of Alcoholic Liver Fibrosis with Simulated Human Drinking Patterns and Low-Dose Chemical Stimulation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1293. [PMID: 37759693 PMCID: PMC10526499 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although alcohol is a well-known causal factor associated with liver diseases, challenges remain in inducing liver fibrosis in experimental rodent models. These challenges include rodents' natural aversion to high concentrations of alcohol, rapid alcohol metabolism, the need for a prolonged duration of alcohol administration, and technical difficulties. Therefore, it is crucial to establish an experimental model that can replicate the features of alcoholic liver fibrosis. The objective of this study was to develop a feasible rat model of alcoholic liver fibrosis that emulates human drinking patterns and combines low-dose chemicals within a relatively short time frame. We successfully developed an 8-week rat model of alcoholic liver fibrosis that mimics chronic and heavy drinking patterns. Rats were fed with a control liquid diet, an alcohol liquid diet, or alcohol liquid diet combined with multiple binges via oral gavage. To accelerate the progression of alcoholic liver fibrosis, we introduced low-dose carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) through intraperitoneal injection. This model allows researchers to efficiently evaluate potential therapeutics in preclinical studies of alcoholic liver fibrosis within a reasonable time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Lin
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Evanthia Omoscharka
- Department of Pathology, University Health/Truman Medical Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2301 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Yanli Liu
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Kun Cheng
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Wu S, Chen Q, Wang Y, Yin H, Wei Y. Lipid nanoparticle delivery of siRNA targeting Cyp2e1 gene attenuates subacute alcoholic liver injury in mice. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 52:306-317. [PMID: 37476942 PMCID: PMC10409911 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect and mechanism of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Cyp2e1 gene on subacute alcoholic liver injury in mice. METHODS siRNA targeting Cyp2e1 gene was encapsulated in LNP (si-Cyp2e1 LNP) by microfluidic technique and the resulting LNPs were characterized. The optimal dose of si-Cyp2e1 LNP administration was screened. Forty female C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into blank control group, model control group, si-Cyp2e1 LNP group, LNP control group and metadoxine group. The subacute alcoholic liver injury mouse model was induced by ethanol feeding for 10 d plus ethanol gavage for the last 3 d. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity as well as malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species, glutathione, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol contents in liver tissue were measured in each group, and liver index was calculated. The expression of genes related to oxidative stress, lipid synthesis and inflammation in each group of mice were measured by realtime RT-PCR. RESULTS Compared with the model control group, the levels of liver index, serum ALT, AST activities, malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol contents in liver tissue decreased, but the SOD activity as well as glutathione increased in the si-Cyp2e1 LNP group (all P<0.01). Hematoxylin-eosin staining result showed disorganized hepatocytes with sparse cytoplasm and a large number of fat vacuoles and necrosis in the model control group, while the si-Cyp2e1 LNP group had uniformly sized and arranged hepatocytes with normal liver tissue morphology and structure. Oil red O staining result showed si-Cyp2e1 LNP group had lower fat content of the liver compared to the model control group (P<0.01), and no fat droplets accumulated. Anti-F4/80 monoclonal antibody fluorescence immunohistochemistry showed that the si-Cyp2e1 LNP group had lower cumulative optical density values compared to the model control group (P<0.01) and no significant inflammatory reaction. Compared with the model control group, the expression of catalytic genes P47phox, P67phox and Gp91phox were reduced (all P<0.01), while the expression of the antioxidant enzyme genes Sod1, Gsh-rd and Gsh-px were increased (all P<0.01). The mRNA expression of the lipid metabolism genes Pgc-1α and Cpt1 were increased (all P<0.01) and the lipid synthesis-related genes Srebp1c, Acc and Fasn were decreased (all P<0.01); the expression of liver inflammation-related genes Tgf-β, Tnf-α and Il-6 were decreased (all P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The si-Cyp2e1 LNP may attenuate subacute alcoholic liver injury in mice mainly by reducing reactive oxygen levels, increasing antioxidant activity, blocking oxidative stress pathways and reducing ethanol-induced steatosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Qiubing Chen
- Department of Urology, Frontier Science Centre for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yalan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Urology, Frontier Science Centre for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- RNA Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Wuhan Research Centre for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
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9
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Cao P, Gan J, Wu S, Hu Y, Xia B, Li X, Zeng H, Cheng B, Yu H, Li F, Si L, Huang J. Molecular mechanisms of hepatoprotective effect of tectorigenin against ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury: Role of FXR and Nrf2 pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113914. [PMID: 37348807 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Cholestatic liver injury is caused by toxic action or allergic reaction, resulting in abnormality of bile formation and excretion. Few effective therapies have become available for the treatment of cholestasis. Herein, we found that tectorigenin (TG), a natural isoflavone, showed definite protective effects on alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestatic liver injury, significantly reversing the abnormality of plasma alanine/aspartate aminotransferase, total/direct bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase, as well as hepatic reactive oxygen species, catalase and superoxide dismutase. Importantly, the targeted metabolomic determination found that BA homeostasis could be well maintained in TG-treated cholestatic mice, especially the levels of glycocholic acid, tauromuricholic acid, taurocholic acid, taurolithocholic acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid. Overall, primary/secondary and amidated/unamidated bile acid (BA) levels were significantly altered upon ANIT stimulation but could be restored by TG intervention to certain extents. In addition, TG boosted the expression of farnesoid x receptor (FXR), which in turn upregulated multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) and bile salt export pump (BSEP) to accelerate the excretion of BA. Meanwhile, TG enhanced the expression of Nrf2 and its upstream genes PI3K/Akt and downstream target genes HO-1, NQO1, GCLC and GCLM to strengthen the antioxidant capacity. Taken together, TG plays a vital role in maintaining BA homeostasis and ameliorating cholestatic liver injury through regulating FXR-mediated BA efflux and Nrf2-mediated antioxidative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jun Gan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Sanlan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hongan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bingyu Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huifan Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Fei Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Luqin Si
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Jiangeng Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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10
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Janoschek R, Handwerk M, Hucklenbruch-Rother E, Schmitz L, Bae-Gartz I, Kasper P, Lackmann JW, Kretschmer T, Vohlen C, Mesaros A, Purrio M, Quaas A, Dötsch J, Appel S. Heterogeneous effects of individual high-fat diet compositions on phenotype, metabolic outcome, and hepatic proteome signature in BL/6 male mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:8. [PMID: 36755289 PMCID: PMC9909936 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The multitude of obesogenic diets used in rodent studies can hardly be overviewed. Since standardization is missing and assuming that individual compositions provoke individual effects, the choice of quality, quantity and combination of diet ingredients seems to be crucial for the outcome and interpretation of obesity studies. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the individual effects of three commonly used obesogenic diets, mainly differing in sugar and fat content. Besides basic phenotypic and metabolic characterization, one main aspect was a comparative liver proteome analysis. As expected, the obtained results picture differentiated consequences mainly depending on fat source and/or fat- and sugar quantity. By confirming the general presumption that the choice of nutritional composition is a pivotal factor, the present findings demonstrate that a conscious selection is indispensable for obtaining reliable and sound results in obesity research. In conclusion, we strongly recommend a careful selection of the appropriate diet in advance of a new experiment, taking into account the specific research question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Janoschek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Marion Handwerk
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Hucklenbruch-Rother
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Schmitz
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Inga Bae-Gartz
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Kasper
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan-Wilm Lackmann
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Kretschmer
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Vohlen
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Mesaros
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Phenotyping Core Facility, Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Aging, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Purrio
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Phenotyping Core Facility, Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Aging, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Appel
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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11
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Dibal NI, Buba F, Chiroma SM, Goni ZM, Kilobas HE, Sheriff H, Jason UK, Kwaha TJ, Andrew J, Muhammed A, Garba HS, Falnyi ZG, Muhammad AA. Aloe vera ameliorates hyperlipidemia, enhances endogenous antioxidant activity and regulates liver function in high fat diet fed mice. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-220028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prolonged high fat diet consumption was reported to cause metabolic disorders including obesity, NAFLD and insulin resistance. NAFLD is one of the common causes of liver failure with lipid accumulation and inflammation as the major driving forces for its progression. OBJECTIVE: The study was aimed at evaluating the benefits of Aloe vera supplementation on lipid profiles, antioxidant properties, liver function as well as the histology of liver, heart and brain on high fat diet induced toxicity in BALB/c mice. METHODS: Eighteen mice were divided into three groups (n = 6). Group 1 received normal diet (Vital feed), group 2 received high fat diet (HFD) i.e. 70 g of normal diet plus 30 g of margarine, while group 3 received high fat diet plus Aloe vera (HFD+AV) i.e. 80 g of HFD plus 20 g of Aloe vera gel. The mice were fed for 10 weeks and euthanized thereafter. The liver function, lipid profiles, antioxidant properties as well as liver, brain and heart histology were evaluated. RESULTS: The levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the HFD treated mice compared to the control. Liver catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in HFD+AV treated mice compared to the control and HFD treated mice. The liver of HFD+AV treated mice showed normal architecture while those of HFD treated mice showed numerous hepatic vacuoles indicative of fat droplets. CONCLUSIONS: Aloe vera supplementation regulated liver function and prevents hyperlipidemia. The resultant effect increased antioxidant activities thereby preventing liver injury and brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatimah Buba
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Hassan Sheriff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Judge Andrew
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Ayuba Muhammed
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria
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12
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Lucas CR, Halley PD, Chowdury AA, Harrington BK, Beaver L, Lapalombella R, Johnson AJ, Hertlein EK, Phelps MA, Byrd JC, Castro CE. DNA Origami Nanostructures Elicit Dose-Dependent Immunogenicity and Are Nontoxic up to High Doses In Vivo. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2108063. [PMID: 35633287 PMCID: PMC9250639 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202108063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
DNA origami (DO) nanotechnology enables the construction of precise nanostructures capable of functionalization with small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, and proteins, suggesting a promising platform for biomedical applications. Despite the potential for drug and vaccine delivery, the impact of DO vehicles on immunogenicity in vivo is not well understood. Here, two DO vehicles, a flat triangle and a nanorod, at varying concentrations are evaluated in vitro and with a repeated dosing regimen administered at a high dose in vivo to study early and late immunogenicity. The studies show normal CD11b+ myeloid cell populations preferentially internalize DO in vitro. DO structures distribute well systemically in vivo, elicit a modest pro-inflammatory immune response that diminishes over time and are nontoxic as shown by weight, histopathology, lack of cytokine storm, and a complete biochemistry panel at the day 10 end point. The results take critical steps to characterize the biological response to DO and suggest that DO vehicles represent a promising platform for drug delivery and vaccine development where immunogenicity should be a key consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Lucas
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Patrick D Halley
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Amjad A Chowdury
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Bonnie K Harrington
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Larry Beaver
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rosa Lapalombella
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Amy J Johnson
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Erin K Hertlein
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Mitch A Phelps
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - John C Byrd
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Carlos E Castro
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Biophysics Graduate Program, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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13
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Amir Siddiqui M, Badruddeen, Akhtar J, Uddin S, Chandrashekharan SM, Ahmad M, Khan MI, Khalid M. Chrysin modulates protein kinase IKKε/TBK1, insulin sensitivity and hepatic fatty infiltration in diet-induced obese mice. Drug Dev Res 2021; 83:194-207. [PMID: 34350600 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa B cells (NF-κB) activation causes induction of the noncanonical IκB kinases (I-kappa-B kinase epsilon (IKKε) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) in liver and fat after high fat diet which followed activating of cascade of counter-inflammation that conserves energy storage. Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone), a natural flavonoid, present in many plants, honey and propolis, used conventionally to treat numerous ailments. The present study was aimed to identify the protective role of chrysin on the glucose lowering and insulin sensitivity in diet induced obese (DIO) mice by regulating IKKε/TBK1. Chrysin administered therapeutically (60, 100, 200 mg/kg body weight) and preventive mode (200 mg/kg body weight) for 4 and 10 weeks respectively to DIO mice. At last fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, serum lipid profile, as well as the expression level of IKKε/TBK1 and triglyceride in the liver tissue were assessed. DIO mice showed impaired glucose tolerance, reduced weight gain, elevated hepatic IKKε/TBK1 expression, fatty acid infiltration triglyceride and increased in plasma insulin and glucose. Chrysin in both therapeutic and preventive mode normalized the altered levels of the same. Overall chrysin improves glycemic control and insulin sensitivity through regulating expression of IKKε/TBK1 in liver of DIO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Badruddeen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Juber Akhtar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Mohammad Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
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14
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The ultrasound extract of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél alleviates metabolic syndromes in hyperlipidaemic Wistar-Kyoto rats fed with a high-fat diet. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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15
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NIMAKO C, IKENAKA Y, OKAMATSU-OGURA Y, BARIUAN JV, KOBAYASHI A, YAMAZAKI R, TAIRA K, HOSHI N, HIRANO T, NAKAYAMA SMM, ISHIZUKA M. Chronic low-dose exposure to imidacloprid potentiates high fat diet-mediated liver steatosis in C57BL/6J male mice. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:487-500. [PMID: 33487623 PMCID: PMC8025430 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is known to precede a continuum of events that lead to hepatic metabolic dysfunction, inflammation and carcinogenesis. Recently, studies have linked xenobiotic exposures to hepatic steatogenesis and its associated metabolic disorders; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanistic role of imidacloprid in the prevalence of high fat diet (HFD)-induced liver steatosis, using a C57BL/6J mice model. Mice (3 weeks old) were fed with HFD and treated with 0.6 mg/kg bw/day (one-tenth of the NOAEL) of imidacloprid through water or diet, for 24 weeks. In a controlled group, mice were fed with only HFD. At the end of the study, imidacloprid treatment significantly potentiated HFD-induced body weight gain in mice. Also, imidacloprid increased the liver weights of mice, with complimentary reductions in mesenteric and gonadal white adipose tissue weights. Histopathological analysis of liver revealed a drastic steatosis in imidacloprid treated mice. Following a real-time qPCR analysis, imidacloprid upregulated transcriptions of hepatic fatty acid biosynthesis-related transcription factors and genes. Imidacloprid also induced hepatic expression of the gene encoding pregnane X receptor; but had no significant effect on hepatic expressions of liver X receptor and aryl hydrocarbon receptor. The imidacloprid treatment further enhanced serum alanine aminotransferase levels but downregulated hepatic antioxidant mRNA expressions. Ultimately, this study suggested an imidacloprid-potentiation effects on prevalence of HFD-induced liver steatosis via transcriptional modulations of the hepatic FA biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collins NIMAKO
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University,
Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshinori IKENAKA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University,
Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom
2531, South Africa
| | - Yuko OKAMATSU-OGURA
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18,
Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Jussiaea V. BARIUAN
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18,
Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Atsushi KOBAYASHI
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita
18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ryo YAMAZAKI
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita
18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kumiko TAIRA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Center East, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666,
Japan
| | - Nobuhiko HOSHI
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo
657-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsushi HIRANO
- Division of Drug and Structure Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194,
Japan
| | - Shouta M. M. NAKAYAMA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University,
Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mayumi ISHIZUKA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University,
Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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16
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Lee MR, Kim JE, Park JW, Kang MJ, Choi HJ, Bae SJ, Choi YW, Kim KM, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Fermented mulberry (Morus alba) leaves suppress high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis through amelioration of the inflammatory response and autophagy pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:283. [PMID: 32948162 PMCID: PMC7501671 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel extract of mulberry leaves fermented with Cordyceps militaris (EMfC) is reported to exert anti-obesity activity, although their molecular mechanism during hepatic steatosis has not verified. METHODS To investigate the role of inflammation and autophagy during the anti-hepatic steatosis effects of EMfC, we measured alterations in the key parameters for inflammatory response and autophagy pathway in liver tissues of the high fat diet (HFD) treated C57BL/6N mice after exposure to EMfC for 12 weeks. RESULTS Significant anti-hepatic steatosis effects, including decreased number of lipid droplets and expression of Klf2 mRNA, were detected in the liver of the HFD + EMfC treated group. The levels of mast cell infiltration, expression of two inflammatory mediators (iNOS and COX-2), and the MAPK signaling pathway were remarkably decreased in the liver of HFD + EMfC treated group as compared to the HFD + Vehicle treated group. Furthermore, a similar inhibitory effect was measured for the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and NF-κB. The expression level of members in the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway (a central regulator in autophagy) was recovered after treatment with EMfC, and autophagy-related proteins (Beclin and LC3-II) were remarkably decreased in the HFD + EMfC treated group compared to the HFD + Vehicle treated group. Moreover, the HFD + EMfC treated group showed decreased transcript levels of autophagy-regulated genes including Atg4b, Atg5, Atg7 and Atg12. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, findings of the present study provide novel evidences that the anti-hepatic steatosis of EMfC is tightly linked to the regulation of the inflammatory response and autophagy pathway in the liver tissue of HFD-induced obesity mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Rim Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Mi Ju Kang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jun Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Su Ji Bae
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Young Whan Choi
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institue, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Kim
- Life Science Research Institute, Novarex Co., Ltd, Chungju, 28126, South Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea.
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17
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Lee JK, Lee JJ, Kim YK, Lee Y, Ha JH. Stachys sieboldii Miq. Root Attenuates Weight Gain and Dyslipidemia in Rats on a High-Fat and High-Cholesterol Diet. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072063. [PMID: 32664607 PMCID: PMC7400866 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the anti-obesity and anti-dyslipidemic effects of Stachys sieboldii Miq. root (SS) powder in rats following a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFC) diet for 6 weeks. Thirty-two Sprague–Dawley rats were fed one of the following diets: a regular diet (RD), HFC, HFC supplemented with 3% SS (HFC + 3SS) or HFC supplemented with 5% SS (HFC + 5SS). Following an HFC diet increased body weight (BW) gain (p < 0.001) and the food efficiency ratio (FER; p < 0.001); however, SS consumption gradually prevented the HFC-induced BW gain (p < 0.001) and increase in FER (p < 0.01). The HFC diet resulted in increased liver size (p < 0.001) and total adipose tissue weight (p < 0.001), whereas the SS supplementation decreased hepatomegaly (p < 0.05) and body fat mass (p < 0.001). SS consumption prevented the increased activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT; p < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; p < 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (ALP; p < 0.01 in HFC + 5SS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; p < 0.001 in HFC + 5SS) induced by the HFC diet (p < 0.001). The SS supplementation improved lipid profiles in the circulation by lowering triglyceride (TG; p < 0.01), total cholesterol (TC; p < 0.001) and non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C; p < 0.001) levels, as well as the atherogenic index (p < 0.01) and cardiac risk factor (p < 0.01). The lipid distribution in the liver (p < 0.05) and white adipose tissues (WAT; p < 0.001) of the HFC + SS diet-consuming rats was remarkably lower than that of the HFC diet-consuming rats. The average size of the epididymal adipose tissue (p < 0.001) was significantly lower in the HFC + SS diet-fed rats than in the HFC diet-fed rats. The fecal lipid (>3% SS; p < 0.001) and cholesterol (5% SS; p < 0.001) efflux levels were significantly elevated by the SS supplementation compared to those measured in the RD or HFC diet-fed groups. In addition, the hepatic lipid and cholesterol metabolism-related gene expressions were affected by SS consumption, as the hepatic anabolic gene expression (Acc; p < 0.001, Fas; p < 0.001 and G6pdh; p < 0.01) was significantly attenuated. The HFC + 5SS diet-fed rats exhibited elevated hepatic Cyp7a1 (p < 0.001), Hmgcr (p < 0.001) and Ldlr (p < 0.001) mRNA expression levels compared to the HFC diet-fed rats. These results suggest that SS may possess anti-adipogenic and lipid-lowering effects by enhancing lipid and cholesterol efflux in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. Lee
- Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (J.-J.L.); (Y.-K.K.)
| | - Yeon-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (J.-J.L.); (Y.-K.K.)
| | - Youngseung Lee
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.-H.H.); Tel.: +82-41-550-3476 (Y.L.); +82-41-550-3479 (J.-H.H.)
| | - Jung-Heun Ha
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.-H.H.); Tel.: +82-41-550-3476 (Y.L.); +82-41-550-3479 (J.-H.H.)
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18
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Toita R, Kang JH. Long-term profile of serological biomarkers, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Toxicol Lett 2020; 332:1-6. [PMID: 32579995 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can be typically classified into two subgroups: non-alcoholic fatty liver and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Mouse models of NAFLD are useful tools for understanding the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD and for developing drugs for its treatment. Here, we investigated the time-dependent changes in serum lipids and biochemical markers of hepatic function, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis in mice fed a normal diet (ND) or a NAFLD diet (choline deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet; CDAHFD) for 12 weeks. CDAHFD-fed mice showed significantly reduced serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol throughout the treatment period compared with ND-fed mice. The changes in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and total bilirubin showed an inverse U-shaped curve in the CDAHFD-fed mice. The serum alkaline phosphatase levels decreased in both ND- and CDAHFD-fed mice in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, CDAHFD-fed mice showed a significant increase in the number of inflammatory foci and hepatic fibrosis at 6-12 weeks, although inflammatory foci and hepatic fibrogenesis were observable at relatively early stages as well (1-4 weeks). In conclusion, the long-term profile of serological biomarkers, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis in CDAHFD-fed mice identified in this study may provide a better understanding of NAFLD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riki Toita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan; AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Jeong-Hun Kang
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Shinmachi, Kishibe, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan.
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Analysis of chemical composition in Chinese olive leaf tea by UHPLC-DAD-Q-TOF-MS/MS and GC–MS and its lipid-lowering effects on the obese mice induced by high-fat diet. Food Res Int 2020; 128:108785. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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