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Lewandowska-Pietruszka Z, Figlerowicz M, Mazur-Melewska K. Microbiota in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16660. [PMID: 38068995 PMCID: PMC10706819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by several core symptoms: restricted interests, communication difficulties, and impaired social interactions. Many ASD children experience gastrointestinal functional disorders, impacting their well-being. Emerging evidence suggests that a gut microbiota imbalance may exacerbate core and gastrointestinal symptoms. Our review assesses the gut microbiota in children with ASD and interventions targeting microbiota modulation. The analysis of forty-four studies (meta-analyses, reviews, original research) reveals insights into the gut microbiota-ASD relationship. While specific microbiota alterations are mixed, some trends emerge. ASD children exhibit increased Firmicutes (36-81%) and Pseudomonadota (78%) and decreased Bacteroidetes (56%). The Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio tends to be lower (56%) compared to children without ASD, which correlates with behavioral and gastrointestinal abnormalities. Probiotics, particularly Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Streptococcus strains, show promise in alleviating behavioral and gastrointestinal symptoms (66%). Microbiota transfer therapy (MTT) seems to have lasting benefits for the microbiota and symptoms in one longitudinal study. Prebiotics can potentially help with gastrointestinal and behavioral issues, needing further research for conclusive efficacy due to different interventions being used. This review highlights the gut microbiota-ASD interplay, offering potential therapeutic avenues for the gut-brain axis. However, study heterogeneity, small sample sizes, and methodological variations emphasize the need for comprehensive, standardized research. Future investigations may unveil complex mechanisms linking the gut microbiota to ASD, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katarzyna Mazur-Melewska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Child Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland; (Z.L.-P.); (M.F.)
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Elechi JOG, Sirianni R, Conforti FL, Cione E, Pellegrino M. Food System Transformation and Gut Microbiota Transition: Evidence on Advancing Obesity, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Cancers-A Narrative Review. Foods 2023; 12:2286. [PMID: 37372497 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Food, a vital component of our daily life, is fundamental to our health and well-being, and the knowledge and practices relating to food have been passed down from countless generations of ancestors. Systems may be used to describe this extremely extensive and varied body of agricultural and gastronomic knowledge that has been gathered via evolutionary processes. The gut microbiota also underwent changes as the food system did, and these alterations had a variety of effects on human health. In recent decades, the gut microbiome has gained attention due to its health benefits as well as its pathological effects on human health. Many studies have shown that a person's gut microbiota partially determines the nutritional value of food and that diet, in turn, shapes both the microbiota and the microbiome. The current narrative review aims to explain how changes in the food system over time affect the makeup and evolution of the gut microbiota, advancing obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. After a brief discussion of the food system's variety and the gut microbiota's functions, we concentrate on the relationship between the evolution of food system transformation and gut microbiota system transition linked to the increase of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Finally, we also describe sustainable food system transformation strategies to ensure healthy microbiota composition recovery and maintain the host gut barrier and immune functions to reverse advancing NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Okoro Godwin Elechi
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca Luisa Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Michele Pellegrino
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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3
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El Mouzan M, Al-Hussaini AA, Al Sarkhy A, Assiri A, Alasmi M. Intestinal microbiota profile in healthy Saudi children: The bacterial domain. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:312-317. [PMID: 35848701 PMCID: PMC9408733 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_585_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge of microbiota in health is essential for clinical research on the role of microbiota in disease. We aimed to characterize the intestinal microbiota in healthy Saudi children. Methods In this community-based study, stool samples were collected from a randomly selected sample of 20 healthy school children of Saudi origin. The samples were frozen at -80°C till analysis. Bacterial DNA was isolated and libraries were prepared using the Illumina Nextera XT library preparation kit. Unassembled sequencing reads were directly analyzed and quantified for each organism's relative abundance. The abundance for each organism was calculated and expressed as the average relative percentage from phyla to species. Results The median age was 11.3 (range 6.8-15.4) years, and 35% of them were males. The three most abundant phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria accounting for 49%, 26%, and 24%, respectively. The most abundant genera included Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and Blautia accounting for 18.9%, 12.8%, and 8.2%, respectively. Finally, the most abundant species included 14 species belonging to the genus Bacteroides and nine species belonging to Bifidobacterium. Conclusions The abundance of intestinal microbiome in healthy Saudi children is different from that of other populations. Further studies are needed to understand the causes of variation between populations, which might lead to new preventive methods and treatment strategies of diseases caused by microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad El Mouzan
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology Division, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Al-Hussaini
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Specialized Hospital, King Fahad Medical City; Faculty of Medicine, AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al Sarkhy
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology Division, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Assiri
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology Division, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Alasmi
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology Division, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Chauhan A, Semwal DK, Semwal RB, Joshi SK, Adhana RK, Goswami MS. Modulation of gut microbiota with Ayurveda diet and lifestyle: A review on its possible way to treat type 2 diabetes. Ayu 2022; 43:35-44. [PMID: 37655174 PMCID: PMC10468021 DOI: 10.4103/ayu.ayu_7_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased substantially in the past few decades throughout the world. In India, the epidemic of diabetes continues to increase irrespective of area, status, and age. Despite various scientific societies involved in the treatment of diabetes, still, the burden of diabetes keeps growing. Aims The aim of this work is to explore the Ayurvedic concept of a personalized diet to modulate the gut microbiota for the treatment of T2D. Material and methods A thorough study of literature from online scientific databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar as well as from classical texts of Ayurveda was done. A careful compilation was done to extract the valuable output of the personalized diet to modulate the gut microbiota. Results There are various diets used to control blood glucose levels, and their effects are also being studied on the transcriptome or epigenome despite 99.9% genomic similarity among human beings. However, microbiomes have only 10% similarity. Ayurvedic diet is given on the basis of Prakriti (body constitution), therefore, it is also called personalized diet. Conclusion The diets prescribed for T2D in Ayurveda are high in fibers, polyphenols, and complex carbohydrates which enrich butyrate-producing bacteria and decrease lipopolysaccharide-producing bacteria. Hence, there is a need to have a personalized diet to manage the glucose level by enriching beneficial gut microbiota. The approach of a personalized diet associated with gut microbiota can be helpful in maintaining blood sugar in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Semwal
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ruchi Badoni Semwal
- Department of Chemistry, VSKC Government Postgraduate College, Dakpathar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- Department of Shalya Tantra, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Adhana
- Department of Agad Tantra, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Madhavi Sanjay Goswami
- Department of Rachna Sharir, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Rishikul Campus, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
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THERDTATHA P, SHINODA A, NAKAYAMA J. Crisis of the Asian gut: associations among diet, microbiota, and metabolic diseases. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2022; 41:83-93. [PMID: 35854695 PMCID: PMC9246424 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2021-085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The increase of lifestyle-related diseases in Asia has recently become remarkably
serious. This has been associated with a change in dietary habits that may alter the
complex gut microbiota and its metabolic function in Asian people. Notably, the
penetration of modern Western diets into Asia, which has been accompanied by an increase
in fat content and decrease in plant-derived dietary fiber, is restructuring the Asian gut
microbiome. In this review, we introduce the current status of obesity and diabetes in
Asia and discuss the links of changes in dietary style with gut microbiota alterations
which may predispose Asian people to metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phatthanaphong THERDTATHA
- Department of Innovative Science and Technology for Bio-industry, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akari SHINODA
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jiro NAKAYAMA
- Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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6
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Effects of probiotic supplementation on anthropometric and metabolic characteristics in adults with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4662-4673. [PMID: 34237694 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) documenting the effectiveness of supplementation with pro-/synbiotics versus placebo controls on anthropometric and metabolic (glucoregulatory status, lipid profile) indices in adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS Databases of MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched through March 2020 to identify eligible RCTs evaluating the effects of pro-/synbiotic consumption in adults (≥18 years) with MetS. Mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models. RESULTS Ten eligible publications (9 RCTs, n = 344 participants) were included. Supplementation with pro-/synbiotics reduced total cholesterol (TC) in adults with MetS versus placebo (MD: -6.66 mg/dL, 95% CI: -13.25 to -0.07, P = 0.04, I2 = 28.8%, n = 7), without affecting weight, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting blood sugar, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, insulin, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Pro-/synbiotic consumption may be beneficial in reducing TC levels in adults with MetS. However, our observations do not support the effectiveness of pro-/synbiotics consumption on other anthropometric or metabolic outcomes of MetS. Further investigations with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these findings.
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The influences of low protein diet on the intestinal microbiota of mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17077. [PMID: 33051527 PMCID: PMC7555506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research suggests that protein deficiency symptoms are influenced by the intestinal microbiota. We investigated the influence of low protein diet on composition of the intestinal microbiota through animal experiments. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice were fed one of four diets (3, 6, 9, or 12% protein) for 4 weeks (n = 5 per diet). Mice fed the 3% protein diet showed protein deficiency symptoms such as weight loss and low level of blood urea nitrogen concentration in their serum. The intestinal microbiota of mice in the 3% and 12% protein diet groups at day 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 were investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, which revealed differences in the microbiota. In the 3% protein diet group, a greater abundance of urease producing bacterial species was detected across the duration of the study. In the 12% diet protein group, increases of abundance of Streptococcaceae and Clostridiales families was detected. These results suggest that protein deficiency may be associated with shifts in intestinal microbiota.
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8
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Kahleova H, Rembert E, Alwarith J, Yonas WN, Tura A, Holubkov R, Agnello M, Chutkan R, Barnard ND. Effects of a Low-Fat Vegan Diet on Gut Microbiota in Overweight Individuals and Relationships with Body Weight, Body Composition, and Insulin Sensitivity. A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2917. [PMID: 32987642 PMCID: PMC7598634 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet modulates gut microbiota and plays an important role in human health. The aim of this study was to test the effect of a low-fat vegan diet on gut microbiota and its association with weight, body composition, and insulin resistance in overweight men and women. We enrolled 168 participants and randomly assigned them to a vegan (n = 84) or a control group (n = 84) for 16 weeks. Of these, 115 returned all gut microbiome samples. Gut microbiota composition was assessed using uBiome Explorer™ kits. Body composition was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Insulin sensitivity was quantified with the predicted clamp-derived insulin sensitivity index from a standard meal test. Repeated measure ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Body weight decreased in the vegan group (treatment effect -5.9 kg [95% CI, -7.0 to -4.9 kg]; p < 0.001), mainly due to a reduction in fat mass (-3.9 kg [95% CI, -4.6 to -3.1 kg]; p < 0.001) and in visceral fat (-240 cm3 [95% CI, -345 to -135 kg]; p < 0.001). PREDIcted M, insulin sensitivity index (PREDIM) increased in the vegan group (treatment effect +0.83 [95% CI, +0.48 to +1.2]; p < 0.001). The relative abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii increased in the vegan group (+5.1% [95% CI, +2.4 to +7.9%]; p < 0.001) and correlated negatively with changes in weight (r = -0.24; p = 0.01), fat mass (r = -0.22; p = 0.02), and visceral fat (r = -0.20; p = 0.03). The relative abundance of Bacteroides fragilis decreased in both groups, but less in the vegan group, making the treatment effect positive (+18.9% [95% CI, +14.2 to +23.7%]; p < 0.001), which correlated negatively with changes in weight (r = -0.44; p < 0.001), fat mass (r = -0.43; p < 0.001), and visceral fat (r = -0.28; p = 0.003) and positively with PREDIM (r = 0.36; p < 0.001), so a smaller reduction in Bacteroides fragilis was associated with a greater loss of body weight, fat mass, visceral fat, and a greater increase in insulin sensitivity. A low-fat vegan diet induced significant changes in gut microbiota, which were related to changes in weight, body composition, and insulin sensitivity in overweight adults, suggesting a potential use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kahleova
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC 20016, USA; (E.R.); (J.A.); (W.N.Y.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Emilie Rembert
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC 20016, USA; (E.R.); (J.A.); (W.N.Y.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Jihad Alwarith
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC 20016, USA; (E.R.); (J.A.); (W.N.Y.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Willy N. Yonas
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC 20016, USA; (E.R.); (J.A.); (W.N.Y.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Andrea Tura
- Metabolic Unit, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 35127 Padua, Italy;
| | - Richard Holubkov
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA;
| | | | - Robynne Chutkan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Georgetown MedStar Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA;
| | - Neal D. Barnard
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC 20016, USA; (E.R.); (J.A.); (W.N.Y.); (N.D.B.)
- Adjunct Faculty, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Akpinar A, Saygili D, Yerlikaya O. Production of set‐type yoghurt using
Enterococcus faecium
and
Enterococcus durans
strains with probiotic potential as starter adjuncts. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asli Akpinar
- Food Engineering Department Engineering Faculty Manisa Celal Bayar University Manisa Turkey
| | - Derya Saygili
- Culinary Program Izmir Kavram Vocational School Izmir Turkey
| | - Oktay Yerlikaya
- Department of Dairy Technology Faculty of Agriculture Ege University Izmir Turkey
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Lee SH, Bang S, Jang HH, Lee EB, Kim BS, Kim SH, Kang SH, Lee KW, Kim DW, Kim JB, Choe JS, Park SY, Lillehoj HS. Effects of Allium hookeri on gut microbiome related to growth performance in young broiler chickens. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226833. [PMID: 31923247 PMCID: PMC6953852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy food promotes beneficial bacteria in the gut microbiome. A few prebiotics act as food supplements to increase fermentation by beneficial bacteria, which enhance the host immune system and health. Allium hookeri is a healthy food with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. A. hookeri is used as a feed supplement for broiler chickens to improve growth performance. Although the underlying mechanism is unknown, A. hookeri may alter the gut microbiome. In the current study, 16S rRNA sequencing has been carried out using samples obtained from the cecum of broiler chickens exposed to diets comprising different tissue types (leaf and root) and varying amounts (0.3% and 0.5%) of A. hookeri to investigate their impact on gut microbiome. The microbiome composition in the groups supplemented with A. hookeri leaf varied from that of the control group. Especially, exposure to 0.5% amounts of leaf resulted in differences in the abundance of genera compared with diets comprising 0.3% leaf. Exposure to a diet containing 0.5% A. hookeri leaf decreased the abundance of the following bacteria: Eubacterium nodatum, Marvinbryantia, Oscillospira, and Gelria. The modulation of gut microbiome by leaf supplement correlated with growth traits including body weight, bone strength, and infectious bursal disease antibody. The results demonstrate that A. hookeri may improve the health benefits of broiler chickens by altering the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyen Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Isoe-myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Bang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Kwan-ak Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Hee Jang
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Isoe-myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Byeol Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Isoe-myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Sang Kim
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences and Research Institute of Population Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Kim
- KYOCHON F&B CO, Osan city, Kyounggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kang
- KYOCHON F&B CO, Osan city, Kyounggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gawngjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, Korean National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Bong Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Isoe-myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sook Choe
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Isoe-myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Young Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Isoe-myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun S. Lillehoj
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
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11
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Martínez Leo EE, Segura Campos MR. Effect of ultra-processed diet on gut microbiota and thus its role in neurodegenerative diseases. Nutrition 2019; 71:110609. [PMID: 31837645 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The current dietary pattern is characterized by high consumption of ultra-processed foods and lower consumption of fiber and vegetables, environmental factors that are associated directly with the current incidence of chronic metabolic diseases. Diet is an environmental factor that influences the diversity and functionality of the gut microbiota, where dietary changes have a direct action on their homeostasis. The environment created in the gut by ultra-processed foods, a hallmark of the Western diet that are recognized as trigger factors for low-grade systemic inflammatory and oxidative changes, favor the development of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). From a systematic search, the present review analyzes the relationship and effect of the current feeding pattern, with the dysregulation of the microbiota and its influence on the development of cognitive decline. Because diagnosis of NDs is usually at late stages, this review highlights the importance of a search for stricter public health strategies regarding access to and development of ultra-processed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin E Martínez Leo
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte Yucatán, México
| | - Maira R Segura Campos
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte Yucatán, México.
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12
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Jayachandran M, Chung SSM, Xu B. A critical review on diet-induced microbiota changes and cardiovascular diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2914-2925. [PMID: 31552753 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1666792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) commonly denote the disorders that generally occur as a result of unhealthy food habits. Heart failure, cerebrovascular illness, rheumatic heart disease are the common CVDs. The prevalence of CVD is increased considerably in recent decades upon unhealthy food habits and varied alternative factors such as diabetes, smoking and excessive use of alcohol. A change into a healthy food habit can reverse the strategy during a course of time.Objectives of the study: The objective of this review is to summarize the research findings and elaborate the relationship between the diet, gut microbiota, and CVD.Results: The dietary products containing the least saturated, trans-fat and cholesterol have the tendency to scale back the burden of CVDs, for instance, vegetables and fruits. The potential reason for the cardioprotective activity of the diet ought to be its high-unsaturated fatty acid composition and less saturated fat. Recent studies have found that gut microbiota plays a key role in mediating disease prevention. The metabolism of dietary products into varied bioactive metabolites is regulated by gut microbiota. The contributory role of gut microbiota in dietary metabolism and CVD prevention studies are increasing with promising outcomes.Conclusion: Hence, the review was proposed to reach the researchers within this field of study and share the available knowledge in gut microbiota-mediated CVD prevention. In our current review, we have updated all the research findings within the field of diet-mediated cardiovascular prevention through gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukumaran Jayachandran
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Stephen Sum Man Chung
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
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von Gerichten J, Lamprecht D, Opálka L, Soulard D, Marsching C, Pilz R, Sencio V, Herzer S, Galy B, Nordström V, Hopf C, Gröne HJ, Trottein F, Sandhoff R. Bacterial immunogenic α-galactosylceramide identified in the murine large intestine: dependency on diet and inflammation. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1892-1904. [PMID: 31484693 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosphingolipid, α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer), when presented by CD1d on antigen-presenting cells, efficiently activates invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. Thereby, it modulates immune responses against tumors, microbial and viral infections, and autoimmune diseases. Recently, the production of αGalCer by Bacteroidetes from the human gut microbiome was elucidated. Using hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled to MS2, we screened murine intestinal tracts to identify and quantify αGalCers, and we investigated the αGalCer response to different dietary and physiologic conditions. In both the cecum and the colon of mice, we found 1-15 pmol of αGalCer per milligram of protein; in contrast, mice lacking microbiota (germ-free mice) and fed identical diet did not harbor αGalCer. The identified αGalCer contained a β(R)-hydroxylated hexadecanoyl chain N-linked to C18-sphinganine, which differed from what has been reported with Bacteroides fragilis Unlike β-anomeric structures, but similar to αGalCers from B. fragilis, the synthetic form of the murine αGalCer induced iNKT cell activation in vitro. Last, we observed a decrease in αGalCer production in mice exposed to conditions that alter the composition of the gut microbiota, including Western type diet, colitis, and influenza A virus infection. Collectively, this study suggests that αGalCer is produced by commensals in the mouse intestine and reveals that stressful conditions causing dysbiosis alter its synthesis. The consequences of this altered production on iNKT cell-mediated local and systemic immune responses are worthy of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna von Gerichten
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominic Lamprecht
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukáš Opálka
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Skin Barrier Research Group, Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Daphnée Soulard
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christian Marsching
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Robert Pilz
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valentin Sencio
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Silke Herzer
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruno Galy
- Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viola Nordström
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - François Trottein
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Tomova A, Bukovsky I, Rembert E, Yonas W, Alwarith J, Barnard ND, Kahleova H. The Effects of Vegetarian and Vegan Diets on Gut Microbiota. Front Nutr 2019; 6:47. [PMID: 31058160 PMCID: PMC6478664 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The difference in gut microbiota composition between individuals following vegan or vegetarian diets and those following omnivorous diets is well documented. A plant-based diet appears to be beneficial for human health by promoting the development of more diverse and stable microbial systems. Additionally, vegans and vegetarians have significantly higher counts of certain Bacteroidetes-related operational taxonomic units compared to omnivores. Fibers (that is, non-digestible carbohydrates, found exclusively in plants) most consistently increase lactic acid bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, E. rectale, and Roseburia, and reduce Clostridium and Enterococcus species. Polyphenols, also abundant in plant foods, increase Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, which provide anti-pathogenic and anti-inflammatory effects and cardiovascular protection. High fiber intake also encourages the growth of species that ferment fiber into metabolites as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate, and butyrate. The positive health effects of SCFAs are myriad, including improved immunity against pathogens, blood-brain barrier integrity, provision of energy substrates, and regulation of critical functions of the intestine. In conclusion, the available literature suggests that a vegetarian/vegan diet is effective in promoting a diverse ecosystem of beneficial bacteria to support both human gut microbiome and overall health. This review will focus on effects of different diets and nutrient contents, particularly plant-based diets, on the gut microbiota composition and production of microbial metabolites affecting the host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Tomova
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Emilie Rembert
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Willy Yonas
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jihad Alwarith
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Neal D. Barnard
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
- Adjunct Faculty, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Hana Kahleova
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
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15
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Gu J, Thomas-Ahner JM, Riedl KM, Bailey MT, Vodovotz Y, Schwartz SJ, Clinton SK. Dietary Black Raspberries Impact the Colonic Microbiome and Phytochemical Metabolites in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800636. [PMID: 30763455 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Black raspberries (BRB) are a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals, including anthocyanins and ellagitannins. These phytochemicals are poorly absorbed and may be transformed by gut microbiota into various metabolites that may impact the colonic mucosa or upon absorption have systemic bioactivity. The objective of this study is to define the impact of a BRB-containing diet on the colon microbiome in mice and quantify the phytochemical metabolites in the colon contents and circulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Male mice were fed 10% w/w freeze-dried BRB powder for 6 weeks. The colonic microbiota was evaluated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Anthocyanin and ellagitannin metabolites, protocatechuic acid, and urolithins were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. The BRB diet impacted colon mucosal microbial composition with a more robust effect observed on the luminal microflora. BRB-derived protocatechuic acid and urolithins were quantified in the colon, luminal contents, plasma, liver, and prostate with protocatechuic acid present in higher concentrations compared to urolithins. CONCLUSION This study highlights the complex interactions between dietary phytochemicals, the host microbiome, and metabolism. It is demonstrated that microbially produced phytochemical metabolites are present in the colon and systemic circulation where they may exert biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Gu
- Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
| | | | - Kenneth M Riedl
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.,Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.,Nutrient & Phytochemical Analytic Shared Resource, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
| | - Michael T Bailey
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.,Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, 43205, OH, USA.,Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
| | - Yael Vodovotz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.,Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
| | - Steven J Schwartz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.,Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.,Nutrient & Phytochemical Analytic Shared Resource, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
| | - Steven K Clinton
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
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16
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Davies NK, O'Sullivan JM, Plank LD, Murphy R. Altered gut microbiome after bariatric surgery and its association with metabolic benefits: A systematic review. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2019; 15:656-665. [PMID: 30824335 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is currently the recommended therapy for significant weight reduction and remission of type 2 diabetes. Different types of bariatric surgery result in dramatic changes to gut bacteria but the contribution of such changes to the metabolic benefits achieved is still unclear. This systematic review of 14 clinical studies, incorporating 222 participants (146 patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 25 with sleeve gastrectomy, 30 with biliointestinal bypass, 7 with vertical banded gastroplasty, and 14 with an adjustable gastric band) reveals generally increased microbial diversity and gene richness after surgery. Major species-level changes include a decrease in the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and increase in Escherichia coli. Decreases in the relative abundance of Firmicutes after sleeve gastrectomy and increases in Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass were seen. Microbial changes after surgery are discussed in the context of potential confounding effects of baseline diet, medications, and type 2 diabetes, with recommendations to consider these factors in future studies, to identify potentially causal associations with observed metabolic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi K Davies
- University of Auckland, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin M O'Sullivan
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lindsay D Plank
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rinki Murphy
- University of Auckland, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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17
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Bonartsev AP, Voinova VV, Bonartseva GA. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and Human Microbiota (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683818060066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Humer E, Aditya S, Kaltenegger A, Klevenhusen F, Petri R, Zebeli Q. Graded substitution of grains with bakery by-products modulates ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradation, and microbial community composition in vitro. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:3085-3098. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Lee YY, Hassan SA, Ismail IH, Chong SY, Raja Ali RA, Amin Nordin S, Lee WS, Majid NA. Gut microbiota in early life and its influence on health and disease: A position paper by the Malaysian Working Group on Gastrointestinal Health. J Paediatr Child Health 2017; 53:1152-1158. [PMID: 29205651 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of gut microbiota in early life and its impact on gut health and subsequent diseases remain unclear. There is a lack of research and awareness in this area, especially in the Asia-Pacific region, including Malaysia. This paper reports the position of a Malaysian Working Group on some key issues surrounding gut microbiota in early life and its role in gut health and diseases, as well as experts' stand on probiotics and prebiotics. The group reached a consensus that certain factors, including elective caesarean; premature deliveries; complementary feeding; use of antibiotics, prebiotics and/or probiotics; and exposure to the external environmental, have an impact on gut microbiota in early life. However, as evidence is lacking, especially from the Asia-Pacific region, further studies are needed to understand how gut microbiota in early life affects subsequent diseases, including allergy, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity and infantile colic. Lastly, although beneficial in acute diarrhoeal disease and probably allergic eczema, probiotics (and/or prebiotics) should be used cautiously in other gut dysbiotic conditions until more data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Yeh Lee
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Asma Hassan
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Intan Hakimah Ismail
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sze Yee Chong
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Raja Affendi Raja Ali
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syafinaz Amin Nordin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Way Seah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noorizan Abdul Majid
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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20
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Ferrario C, Statello R, Carnevali L, Mancabelli L, Milani C, Mangifesta M, Duranti S, Lugli GA, Jimenez B, Lodge S, Viappiani A, Alessandri G, Dall'Asta M, Del Rio D, Sgoifo A, van Sinderen D, Ventura M, Turroni F. How to Feed the Mammalian Gut Microbiota: Bacterial and Metabolic Modulation by Dietary Fibers. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1749. [PMID: 28955319 PMCID: PMC5600934 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the gut microbiota of mammals is greatly influenced by diet. Therefore, evaluation of different food ingredients that may promote changes in the gut microbiota composition is an attractive approach to treat microbiota disturbances. In this study, three dietary fibers, such as inulin (I, 10%), resistant starch (RS, 10%), and citrus pectin (3%), were employed as supplements to normal chow diet of adult male rats for 2 weeks. Fecal microbiota composition and corresponding metabolite profiles were assessed before and after prebiotics supplementation. A general increase in the Bacteroidetes phylum was detected with a concurrent reduction in Firmicutes, in particular for I and RS experiments, while additional changes in the microbiota composition were evident at lower taxonomic levels for all the three substrates. Such modifications in the microbiota composition were correlated with changes in metabolic profiles of animals, in particular changes in acetate and succinate levels. This study represents a first attempt to modulate selectively the abundance and/or metabolic activity of various members of the gut microbiota by means of dietary fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ferrario
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Rosario Statello
- Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Luca Carnevali
- Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mancabelli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Christian Milani
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Duranti
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Gabriele A Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Beatriz Jimenez
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Lodge
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
| | | | - Giulia Alessandri
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Del Rio
- Department of Food and Drug, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Andrea Sgoifo
- Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, National University of IrelandCork, Ireland
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of ParmaParma, Italy
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21
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Kononova SV. How Fucose of Blood Group Glycotopes Programs Human Gut Microbiota. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2017; 82:973-989. [PMID: 28988527 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917090012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Formation of appropriate gut microbiota is essential for human health. The first two years of life is the critical period for this process. Selection of mutualistic microorganisms of the intestinal microbiota is controlled by the FUT2 and FUT3 genes that encode fucosyltransferases, enzymes responsible for the synthesis of fucosylated glycan structures of mucins and milk oligosaccharides. In this review, the mechanisms of the selection and maintenance of intestinal microorganisms that involve fucosylated oligosaccharides of breast milk and mucins of the newborn's intestine are described. Possible reasons for the use of fucose, and not sialic acid, as the major biological signal for the selection are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Kononova
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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22
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Deng B, Wu J, Li X, Men X, Xu Z. Probiotics and Probiotic Metabolic Product Improved Intestinal Function and Ameliorated LPS-Induced Injury in Rats. Curr Microbiol 2017; 74:1306-1315. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Li J, Liu Y, Kim E, March JC, Bentley WE, Payne GF. Electrochemical reverse engineering: A systems-level tool to probe the redox-based molecular communication of biology. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 105:110-131. [PMID: 28040473 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The intestine is the site of digestion and forms a critical interface between the host and the outside world. This interface is composed of host epithelium and a complex microbiota which is "connected" through an extensive web of chemical and biological interactions that determine the balance between health and disease for the host. This biology and the associated chemical dialogues occur within a context of a steep oxygen gradient that provides the driving force for a variety of reduction and oxidation (redox) reactions. While some redox couples (e.g., catecholics) can spontaneously exchange electrons, many others are kinetically "insulated" (e.g., biothiols) allowing the biology to set and control their redox states far from equilibrium. It is well known that within cells, such non-equilibrated redox couples are poised to transfer electrons to perform reactions essential to immune defense (e.g., transfer from NADH to O2 for reactive oxygen species, ROS, generation) and protection from such oxidative stresses (e.g., glutathione-based reduction of ROS). More recently, it has been recognized that some of these redox-active species (e.g., H2O2) cross membranes and diffuse into the extracellular environment including lumen to transmit redox information that is received by atomically-specific receptors (e.g., cysteine-based sulfur switches) that regulate biological functions. Thus, redox has emerged as an important modality in the chemical signaling that occurs in the intestine and there have been emerging efforts to develop the experimental tools needed to probe this modality. We suggest that electrochemistry provides a unique tool to experimentally probe redox interactions at a systems level. Importantly, electrochemistry offers the potential to enlist the extensive theories established in signal processing in an effort to "reverse engineer" the molecular communication occurring in this complex biological system. Here, we review our efforts to develop this electrochemical tool for in vitro redox-probing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Li
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Eunkyoung Kim
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - John C March
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - William E Bentley
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Gregory F Payne
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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24
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Nakayama J, Yamamoto A, Palermo-Conde LA, Higashi K, Sonomoto K, Tan J, Lee YK. Impact of Westernized Diet on Gut Microbiota in Children on Leyte Island. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:197. [PMID: 28261164 PMCID: PMC5306386 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Urbanization has changed life styles of the children in some towns and cities on Leyte island in the Philippines. To evaluate the impact of modernization in dietary habits on gut microbiota, we compared fecal microbiota of 7 to 9-year-old children from rural Baybay city (n = 24) and urban Ormoc city (n = 19), and assessed the correlation between bacterial composition and diet. A dietary survey indicated that Ormoc children consumed fast food frequently and more meat and confectionary than Baybay children, suggesting modernization/westernization of dietary habits. Fat intake accounted for 27.2% of the total energy intake in Ormoc children; this was remarkably higher than in their Baybay counterparts (18.1%) and close to the upper limit (30%) recommended by the World Health Organization. Their fecal microbiota were analyzed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing in conjunction with a dataset from five other Asian countries. Their microbiota were classified into two enterotype-like clusters with the other countries' children, each defined by high abundance of either Prevotellaceae (P-type) or Bacteroidaceae (BB-type), respectively. Baybay and Ormoc children mainly harbored P-type and BB-type, respectively. Redundancy analysis showed that P-type favored carbohydrates whereas BB-type preferred fats. Fat intake correlated positively with the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and negatively with the relative abundance of the family Prevotellaceae/genus Prevotella. A species-level analysis suggested that dietary fat positively correlated with an Oscillibacter species as well as a series of Bacteroides/Parabacteroides species, whereas dietary carbohydrate positively correlated with Dialister succinatiphilus known as succinate-utilizing bacteria and some succinate-producing species of family Prevotellaceae, Veillonellaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae. We also found that a Succinivibrio species was overrepresented in the P-type community, suggesting the syntroph via hydrogen and succinate. Predicted metagenomics suggests that BB-type microbiota is well nourished and metabolically more active with simple sugars, amino acids, and lipids, while P-type community is more involved in digestion of complex carbohydrates. Overweight and obese children living in Ormoc, who consumed a high-fat diet, harbored microbiota with higher F/B ratio and low abundance of Prevotella. The altered gut microbiota may be a sign of a modern diet-associated obesity among children in developing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Nakayama
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Azusa Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Kanako Higashi
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Sonomoto
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Julie Tan
- PhilRootcrops, Visayas State University Baybay, Philippines
| | - Yuan-Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
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25
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Nunes RD, Ventura-Martins G, Moretti DM, Medeiros-Castro P, Rocha-Santos C, Daumas-Filho CRDO, Bittencourt-Cunha PRB, Martins-Cardoso K, Cudischevitch CO, Menna-Barreto RFS, Oliveira JHM, Gusmão DS, Alves Lemos FJ, Alviano DS, Oliveira PL, Lowenberger C, Majerowicz D, Oliveira RM, Mesquita RD, Atella GC, Silva-Neto MAC. Polyphenol-Rich Diets Exacerbate AMPK-Mediated Autophagy, Decreasing Proliferation of Mosquito Midgut Microbiota, and Extending Vector Lifespan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005034. [PMID: 27732590 PMCID: PMC5061323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mosquitoes feed on plant-derived fluids such as nectar and sap and are exposed to bioactive molecules found in this dietary source. However, the role of such molecules on mosquito vectorial capacity is unknown. Weather has been recognized as a major determinant of the spread of dengue, and plants under abiotic stress increase their production of polyphenols. Results Here, we show that including polyphenols in mosquito meals promoted the activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK positively regulated midgut autophagy leading to a decrease in bacterial proliferation and an increase in vector lifespan. Suppression of AMPK activity resulted in a 6-fold increase in midgut microbiota. Similarly, inhibition of polyphenol-induced autophagy induced an 8-fold increase in bacterial proliferation. Mosquitoes maintained on the polyphenol diet were readily infected by dengue virus. Conclusion The present findings uncover a new direct route by which exacerbation of autophagy through activation of the AMPK pathway leads to a more efficient control of mosquito midgut microbiota and increases the average mosquito lifespan. Our results suggest for the first time that the polyphenol content and availability of the surrounding vegetation may increase the population of mosquitoes prone to infection with arboviruses. The dramatic climate changes currently occurring on our planet may likely influence the biology and the distribution of mosquitoes. Aedes aegypti is a major vector of arboviruses. However, females feed on plants for a few days before feeding on blood for the first time. Plants are sessile and cannot move to search for better environmental conditions. In times of extreme temperatures, drought, or UV radiation plants produce polyphenols that allow plants to survive under such extreme conditions. Polyphenol ingestion by mosquitoes enhances the activity of an enzyme named AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Mosquitoes emerging from pupae leave the aquatic environment and are readily colonized by many bacterial strains. Polyphenol-fed mosquitoes display a huge activation of AMPK which enhances autophagy in the midgut cells that increases the capture and killing of midgut bacteria, thus enhancing vector lifespan. Therefore, early meals on polyphenol sources allow for the regulation of vector microbiota. These data may provide the basis of a novel strategy that promotes bacterial proliferation and a shortening of vector lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Dutra Nunes
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ventura-Martins
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Débora Monteiro Moretti
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Medeiros-Castro
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlucio Rocha-Santos
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Renato de Oliveira Daumas-Filho
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Rego Barros Bittencourt-Cunha
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karina Martins-Cardoso
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecília Oliveira Cudischevitch
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - José Henrique Maia Oliveira
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Artrópodes Hematófagos, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Desiely Silva Gusmão
- Laboratório de Biologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco José Alves Lemos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela Sales Alviano
- Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Prédio do CCS, Bloco I, Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Lagerblad Oliveira
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Artrópodes Hematófagos, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carl Lowenberger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David Majerowicz
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Melo Oliveira
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dias Mesquita
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Georgia Correa Atella
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mário Alberto Cardoso Silva-Neto
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídios e Lipoproteínas, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Gregory PC, Hoffmann K, Kamphues J, Möeler A. The Pancreatic Duct Ligated (Mini)pig as a Model for Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency in Man. Pancreas 2016; 45:1213-26. [PMID: 27623555 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Modern therapy of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) using pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) has largely been very effective and has greatly helped in improving the nutritional status of patients with PEI and in increasing the life expectancy in cystic fibrosis. It is believed that the use of predictable large animal models could play an important role in assessing and developing new therapies. This article reviews the pancreatic duct ligated (adult) minipig as a chronic model of total PEI, with a detailed look at the influence of PEI and response to PERT on prececal compared to fecal digestibility, to directly investigate effects on protein and starch digestion and absorption. In addition, the piglet with PEI is reviewed as a model for PEI in young patients with the aim of further improving the therapy and nutritional status of young patients with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Colin Gregory
- From the *Abbott Laboratories GmbH; and †Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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Antagonistic activities of some Bifidobacterium sp. strains isolated from resident infant gastrointestinal microbiota on Gram-negative enteric pathogens. Anaerobe 2016; 39:39-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Chen CC, Chen KJ, Kong MS, Chang HJ, Huang JL. Alterations in the gut microbiotas of children with food sensitization in early life. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2016; 27:254-62. [PMID: 26663491 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that food sensitization (FS) in children could be linked to specific gut microbiota. The aim of our study is to quantify and evaluate differences in gut microbiota composition between children with FS and healthy controls. METHODS A case-control study of 23 children with FS and 22 healthy children was performed. Individual microbial diversity and composition were analyzed via parallel barcoded 454 pyrosequencing targeting the 16S rRNA gene hypervariable V3-V5 regions. RESULTS The children with FS exhibited lower diversity of both the total microbiota (p = 0.01) and the bacterial phylum Bacteroidetes (p = 0.02). In these children, the number of Bacteroidetes bacteria was significantly decreased and that of Firmicutes were significantly increased compared with the healthy children. At the genus level, we observed significant increases in the numbers of Sphingomonas, Sutterella, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Clostridium sensu stricto, Clostridium IV, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Subdoligranulum, and Akkermansia in the FS group. We also found significant decreases in the numbers of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Prevotella, Alistipes, Streptococcus, and Veillonella in this group. Furthermore, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) coupled with effect size measurements revealed the most differentially abundant taxa (increased abundances of Clostridium IV and Subdoligranulum and decreased abundances of Bacteroides and Veillonella), which could be used to identify FS. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that FS is associated with compositional changes in the gut microbiota. These findings could be useful for developing strategies to control the development of FS or atopy by modifying the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chang Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Jei Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Man-Shan Kong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ju Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Long Huang
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Madureira AR, Campos D, Gullon B, Marques C, Rodríguez-Alcalá LM, Calhau C, Alonso JL, Sarmento B, Gomes AM, Pintado M. Fermentation of bioactive solid lipid nanoparticles by human gut microflora. Food Funct 2016; 7:516-29. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01004g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) can be used for oral delivery of phenolic compounds in order to protect them from the harsh conditions of digestion and improve their bioavailability in the intestinal epithelium.
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Probiotics in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, and Cirrhosis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2015; 49 Suppl 1:S28-32. [PMID: 26447961 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the growing epidemic of obesity, the incidence of both nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing. The intestinal microbiota differs between individuals who are obese or have normal body mass indices. Animal studies have shown increased intestinal permeability in NAFL, NASH, and cirrhosis. This increases the risk of oxidative and inflammatory injury to the liver from intestinal microbacteria. It may also increase the risk of fatty acid injury and fatty deposition. Bacterial translocation is associated with increased portal hypertension and hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis. By preventing bacterial adhesion and translocation, probiotics may have a role in the management of patients with NAFL, NASH, and cirrhosis. Multiple small studies have suggested that probiotics improve some of the clinical markers of activity in patients with NAFL and NASH. Controlled studies have also shown improved outcomes in patients with cirrhosis who were treated with probiotics.
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Azuma K, Izumi R, Kawata M, Nagae T, Osaki T, Murahata Y, Tsuka T, Imagawa T, Ito N, Okamoto Y, Morimoto M, Izawa H, Saimoto H, Ifuku S. Effects of Oral Administration of Chitin Nanofiber on Plasma Metabolites and Gut Microorganisms. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:21931-49. [PMID: 26378523 PMCID: PMC4613289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160921931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of oral administration of chitin nanofibers (CNFs) and surface-deacetylated (SDA) CNFs on plasma metabolites using metabolome analysis. Furthermore, we determined the changes in gut microbiota and fecal organic acid concentrations following oral administrations of CNFs and SDACNFs. Healthy female mice (six-week-old) were fed a normal diet and administered tap water with 0.1% (v/v) CNFs or SDACNFs for 28 days. Oral administration of CNFs increased plasma levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). Oral administration of SDACNFs affected the metabolisms of acyl-carnitines and fatty acids. The fecal organic level analysis indicated that oral administration of CNFs stimulated and activated the functions of microbiota. These results indicate that oral administration of CNFs increases plasma levels of ATP and 5-HT via activation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Azuma
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8533, Japan.
| | - Ryotaro Izumi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.
| | - Mari Kawata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.
| | - Tomone Nagae
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Osaki
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8533, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Murahata
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8533, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Tsuka
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8533, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Imagawa
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8533, Japan.
| | - Norihiko Ito
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8533, Japan.
| | - Yoshiharu Okamoto
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8533, Japan.
| | - Minoru Morimoto
- Division of Instrumental Analysis, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8550, Japan.
| | - Hironori Izawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Saimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.
| | - Shinsuke Ifuku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.
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Roman S, Panduro A. Genomic medicine in gastroenterology: A new approach or a new specialty? World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8227-37. [PMID: 26217074 PMCID: PMC4507092 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i27.8227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, many medical milestones have been achieved to prevent and treat human diseases. Man's early conception of illness was naturally holistic or integrative. However, scientific knowledge was atomized into quantitative and qualitative research. In the field of medicine, the main trade-off was the creation of many medical specialties that commonly treat patients in advanced stages of disease. However, now that we are immersed in the post-genomic era, how should we reevaluate medicine? Genomic medicine has evoked a medical paradigm shift based on the plausibility to predict the genetic susceptibility to disease. Additionally, the development of chronic diseases should be viewed as a continuum of interactions between the individual's genetic make-up and environmental factors such as diet, physical activity, and emotions. Thus, personalized medicine is aimed at preventing or reversing clinical symptoms, and providing a better quality of life by integrating the genetic, environmental and cultural factors of diseases. Whether using genomic medicine in the field of gastroenterology is a new approach or a new medical specialty remains an open question. To address this issue, it will require the mutual work of educational and governmental authorities with public health professionals, with the goal of translating genomic medicine into better health policies.
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Diversity in gut bacterial community of school-age children in Asia. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8397. [PMID: 25703686 PMCID: PMC4336934 DOI: 10.1038/srep08397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Asia differs substantially among and within its regions populated by diverse ethnic groups, which maintain their own respective cultures and dietary habits. To address the diversity in their gut microbiota, we characterized the bacterial community in fecal samples obtained from 303 school-age children living in urban or rural regions in five countries spanning temperate and tropical areas of Asia. The microbiota profiled for the 303 subjects were classified into two enterotype-like clusters, each driven by Prevotella (P-type) or Bifidobacterium/Bacteroides (BB-type), respectively. Majority in China, Japan and Taiwan harbored BB-type, whereas those from Indonesia and Khon Kaen in Thailand mainly harbored P-type. The P-type microbiota was characterized by a more conserved bacterial community sharing a greater number of type-specific phylotypes. Predictive metagenomics suggests higher and lower activity of carbohydrate digestion and bile acid biosynthesis, respectively, in P-type subjects, reflecting their high intake of diets rich in resistant starch. Random-forest analysis classified their fecal species community as mirroring location of resident country, suggesting eco-geographical factors shaping gut microbiota. In particular, children living in Japan harbored a less diversified microbiota with high abundance of Bifidobacterium and less number of potentially pathogenic bacteria, which may reflect their living environment and unique diet.
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