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Varra FN, Varras M, Varra VK, Theodosis-Nobelos P. Molecular and pathophysiological relationship between obesity and chronic inflammation in the manifestation of metabolic dysfunctions and their inflammation‑mediating treatment options (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:95. [PMID: 38606791 PMCID: PMC11025031 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity reaches up to epidemic proportions globally and increases the risk for a wide spectrum of co‑morbidities, including type‑2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, kidney diseases, respiratory disorders, sleep apnea, musculoskeletal disorders and osteoarthritis, subfertility, psychosocial problems and certain types of cancers. The underlying inflammatory mechanisms interconnecting obesity with metabolic dysfunction are not completely understood. Increased adiposity promotes pro‑inflammatory polarization of macrophages toward the M1 phenotype, in adipose tissue (AT), with subsequent increased production of pro‑inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, inducing therefore an overall, systemic, low‑grade inflammation, which contributes to metabolic syndrome (MetS), insulin resistance (IR) and T2DM. Targeting inflammatory mediators could be alternative therapies to treat obesity, but their safety and efficacy remains to be studied further and confirmed in future clinical trials. The present review highlights the molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms by which the chronic low‑grade inflammation in AT and the production of reactive oxygen species lead to MetS, IR and T2DM. In addition, focus is given on the role of anti‑inflammatory agents, in the resolution of chronic inflammation, through the blockade of chemotactic factors, such as monocytes chemotractant protein‑1, and/or the blockade of pro‑inflammatory mediators, such as IL‑1β, TNF‑α, visfatin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor‑1, and/or the increased synthesis of adipokines, such as adiponectin and apelin, in obesity‑associated metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fani-Niki Varra
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Frederick University, Nicosia 1036, Cyprus
- Medical School, Dimocritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Michail Varras
- Fourth Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Elena Venizelou’ General Hospital, Athens 11521, Greece
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Wang J, Wang D, Lu S, Hu Y, Ge Y, Qin X, Mo Y, Kan J, Li D, Zhang R, Liu Y, Zhang WS. Ceramide enhanced the hepatic glucagon response through regulation of CREB activity. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:366-378. [PMID: 38142481 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hyperglycemia is associated with lipid disorders in patients with diabetes. Ceramides are metabolites involved in sphingolipid metabolism that accumulate during lipid disorders and exert deleterious effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the effects of ceramide on glucagon-mediated hepatic gluconeogenesis remain largely unknown. This study was designed to investigate the impact of ceramides on gluconeogenesis in the context of the hepatic glucagon response, with the aim of finding new pharmacological interventions for hyperglycemia in diabetes. METHODS Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to quantify ceramide content in the serum of patients with diabetes. Primary hepatocytes were isolated from male C57BL/6J mice to study the effects of ceramide on hepatic glucose production. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to view cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB)- regulated transcription co-activator 2 (CRTC2) nuclear translocation in hepatocytes. Serine palmitoyl-transferase, long chain base subunit 2 (Sptlc2) knockdown mice were generated using an adeno-associated virus containing shRNA, and hepatic glucose production was assessed glucagon tolerance and pyruvate tolerance tests in mice fed a normal chow diet and high-fat diet. RESULTS Increased ceramide levels were observed in the serum of patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. De novo ceramide synthesis was activated in mice with metabolic disorders. Ceramide enhanced hepatic glucose production in primary hepatocytes. In contrast, genetic silencing of Sptlc2 prevented this process. Mechanistically, ceramides de-phosphorylate CRTC2 (Ser 171) and facilitate its translocation into the nucleus for CREB activation, thereby augmenting the hepatic glucagon response. Hepatic Sptlc2 silencing blocked ceramide generation in the liver and thus restrained the hepatic glucagon response in mice fed a normal chow diet and high-fat diet. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that ceramide serves as an intracellular messenger that augments hepatic glucose production by regulating CRTC2/CREB activity in the context of the hepatic glucagon response, suggesting that CRTC2 phosphorylation might be a potential node for pharmacological interventions to restrain the hyperglycemic response during fasting in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizheng Wang
- Department of the Core Facility, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of the Core Facility, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Maternity and Child Dept, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yifang Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yaoqi Ge
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yanfei Mo
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Jingbao Kan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Rihua Zhang
- Department of the Core Facility, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Wen-Song Zhang
- Department of the Core Facility, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Wang J, Liu Z, Cao D, Liu J, Li F, Han H, Han H, Lei Q, Liu W, Li D, Wang J, Zhou Y. Elucidation of the genetic determination of clutch traits in Chinese local chickens of the Laiwu Black breed. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:686. [PMID: 37968610 PMCID: PMC10652520 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09798-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Egg laying rate (LR) is associated with a clutch, which is defined as consecutive days of oviposition. The clutch trait can be used as a selection indicator to improve egg production in poultry breeding. However, little is known about the genetic basis of clutch traits. In this study, our aim was to estimate genetic parameters and identify quantitative trait single nucleotide polymorphisms for clutch traits in 399 purebred Laiwu Black chickens (a native Chinese breed) using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). METHODS In this work, after estimating the genetic parameters of age at first egg, body weight at first egg, LR, longest clutch until 52 week of age, first week when the longest clutch starts, last week when the longest clutch ends, number of clutches, and longest number of days without egg-laying until 52 week of age, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and potential candidate genes associated with clutch traits in Laiwu Black chickens. The restricted maximum likelihood method was used to estimate genetic parameters of clutch pattern in 399 Laiwu Black hens, using the GCTA software. RESULTS The results showed that SNP-based heritability estimates of clutch traits ranged from 0.06 to 0.59. Genotyping data were obtained from whole genome re-sequencing data. After quality control, a total of 10,810,544 SNPs remained to be analyzed. The GWAS revealed that 421 significant SNPs responsible for clutch traits were scattered on chicken chromosomes 1-14, 17-19, 21-25, 28 and Z. Among the annotated genes, NELL2, SMYD9, SPTLC2, SMYD3 and PLCL1 were the most promising candidates for clutch traits in Laiwu Black chickens. CONCLUSION The findings of this research provide critical insight into the genetic basis of clutch traits. These results contribute to the identification of candidate genes and variants. Genes and SNPs potentially provide new avenues for further research and would help to establish a framework for new methods of genomic prediction, and increase the accuracy of estimated genetic merit for egg production and clutch traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China
| | - Zhansheng Liu
- Shandong Animal Husbandry General Station, Jinan, 250023, China
| | - Dingguo Cao
- Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China
| | - Fuwei Li
- Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China
| | - Heguo Han
- Lijin County Center for Animal Disease Control, Lijin, 257400, China
| | - Haixia Han
- Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuxia Lei
- Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China
| | - Jianxia Wang
- Administrative Examination and Approval Service Bureau of Lijin County, Lijin, 257400, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China.
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Lü G, Wu R, Wang B, Li L, Li Y, Li X, He H, Wang X, Kuang L. SPTLC2 ameliorates chondrocyte dysfunction and extracellular matrix metabolism disturbance in vitro and in vivo in osteoarthritis. Exp Cell Res 2023; 425:113524. [PMID: 36828166 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Disturbances in chondrocyte extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism in osteoarthritis (OA) are a major cause of OA and potentially lead to personal disability, placing a huge burden on society. Chondrocyte apoptosis and ECM catabolism have a major role in the OA process. Firstly, bioinformatics analysis was performed to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in OA, and serine palmitoyltransferase subunit 2 (SPTLC2) was chosen, which had high-level expression in the OA cartilage tissues and OA chondrocytes. Overexpression and knockdown of SPTLC2 were achieved in OA chondrocytes and normal chondrocytes respectively to study the effect of SPTLC2 upon ECM metabolism of chondrocytes. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured using MTT and flow cytometry analyses; SPTLC2 overexpression enhanced the OA chondrocyte viability and decreased apoptotic rate. In addition, Western blot detection of ECM-related factors (Collagen I, Collage II, MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13) revealed that SPTLC2 overexpression promoted the expression of collagens (Collagen I and Collage II) and suppressed matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13) level. In contrast, SPTLC2 knockdown in normal chondrocytes showed opposite effects on cell viability, apoptosis, and ECM degeneration. The articular cartilage of OA rats was transfected with lentivirus overexpressing SPTLC2; HE and Safranin-O fast green demonstrated that SPTLC2 overexpression could alleviate chondrocyte injuries and slow down the development of OA. In conclusion, SPTLC2 plays a role in OA and may be a potential target gene for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Lü
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Ren Wu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Yunchao Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Haoyu He
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Lei Kuang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China.
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Hypolipidemic Effects of Beetroot Juice in SHR-CRP and HHTg Rat Models of Metabolic Syndrome: Analysis of Hepatic Proteome. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020192. [PMID: 36837811 PMCID: PMC9965406 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, red beetroot has attracted attention as a health-promoting functional food. Studies have shown that beetroot administration can reduce blood pressure and ameliorate parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism; however, mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects of beetroot are not yet fully understood. In the current study, we analysed the effects of beetroot on parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism in two models of metabolic syndrome: (i) transgenic spontaneously hypertensive rats expressing human C-reactive protein (SHR-CRP rats), and (ii) hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HHTg) rats. Treatment with beetroot juice for 4 weeks was, in both models, associated with amelioration of oxidative stress, reduced circulating lipids, smaller visceral fat depots, and lower ectopic fat accumulation in the liver compared to the respective untreated controls. On the other hand, beetroot treatment had no significant effects on the sensitivity of the muscle and adipose tissue to insulin action in either model. Analyses of hepatic proteome revealed significantly deregulated proteins involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, mTOR signalling, inflammation, and cytoskeleton rearrangement.
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Kim GT, Devi S, Sharma A, Cho KH, Kim SJ, Kim BR, Kwon SH, Park TS. Upregulation of the serine palmitoyltransferase subunit SPTLC2 by endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibits the hepatic insulin response. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:573-584. [PMID: 35513574 PMCID: PMC9166747 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is induced by various conditions, such as inflammation and the presence of excess nutrients. Abnormal accumulation of unfolded proteins leads to the activation of a collective signaling cascade, termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). ER stress is reported to perturb hepatic insulin response metabolism while promoting insulin resistance. Here, we report that ER stress regulates the de novo biosynthesis of sphingolipids via the activation of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), a rate-limiting enzyme involved in the de novo biosynthesis of ceramides. We found that the expression levels of Sptlc1 and Sptlc2, the major SPT subunits, were upregulated and that the cellular concentrations of ceramide and dihydroceramide were elevated by acute ER stress inducers in primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. Sptlc2 was upregulated and ceramide levels were elevated by tunicamycin in the livers of C57BL/6J wild-type mice. Analysis of the Sptlc2 promoter demonstrated that the transcriptional activation of Sptlc2 was mediated by the spliced form of X-box binding protein 1 (sXBP1). Liver-specific Sptlc2 transgenic mice exhibited increased ceramide levels in the liver and elevated fasting glucose levels. The insulin response was reduced by the inhibition of the phosphorylation of insulin receptor β (IRβ). Collectively, these results demonstrate that ER stress induces activation of the de novo biosynthesis of ceramide and contributes to the progression of hepatic insulin resistance via the reduced phosphorylation of IRβ in hepatocytes. A lipid molecule called ceramide is key to regulating the body’s insulin response, which controls blood sugar, and thus may hold keys to new treatments for metabolic diseases such as diabetes. Although ceramide levels were known to be raised in obesity and diabetes, the mechanism remained unclear. Tae-Sik Park at Gachon University, Sungnam, South Korea, and Sang-Ho Kwon at Augusta University, USA, and co-workers investigated how excess ceramide production is triggered and the blood sugar regulation consequences. They found that the liver-specific SPTLC2 transgenic mice fed a high-fat diet had increased levels of an enzyme activity of serine palmitoyltransferase which led to synthesis of high levels of ceramide in the liver. The high ceramide levels suppressed insulin signaling, imbalancing blood sugar levels and causing liver toxicity. Therapies that inhibit ceramide synthesis show promise for treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goon-Tae Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam, Korea
| | - Shivani Devi
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam, Korea
| | - Amitesh Sharma
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Cho
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam, Korea
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Rahm Kim
- The Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Kwon
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam, Korea. .,Lipidomia Inc., Sungnam, Korea.
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Barbacini P, Torretta E, Arosio B, Ferri E, Capitanio D, Moriggi M, Gelfi C. Novel Insight into the Serum Sphingolipid Fingerprint Characterizing Longevity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052428. [PMID: 35269570 PMCID: PMC8910653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are structural components of the lipid bilayer regulating cell functions. In biological fluids, their distribution is sex-specific and is at variance in aging and many disorders. The aim of this study is to identify SL species associated with the decelerated aging of centenarians. SLs, extracted from serum of adults (Ad, 35–37 years old), aged (Ag, 75–77 years old) and centenarian (C, 105–107 years old) women were analyzed by LC-MS/MS in combination with mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SL biosynthetic enzymes. Results indicated in Ag and C vs. Ad a comparable ceramides (Cers) increase, whereas dihydroceramide (dhCer) decreased in C vs. Ad. Hexosylceramides (HexCer) species, specifically HexCer 16:0, 22:0 and 24:1 acyl chains, increased in C vs. Ag representing a specific trait of C. Sphingosine (Sph), dihydrosphingosine (dhSph), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate (dhS1P), increased both in Ag and C vs. Ad, with higher levels in Ag, indicating a SL fine-tuning associated with a reduced physiological decline in C. mRNA levels of enzymes involved in ceramide de novo biosynthesis increased in Ag whereas enzymes involved in sphingomyelin (SM) degradation increased in C. Collectively, results suggest that Ag produce Cers by de novo synthesis whereas C activate a protective mechanism degrading SMs to Cers converting it into glycosphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Barbacini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.B.); (D.C.)
| | | | - Beatrice Arosio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Evelyn Ferri
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Daniele Capitanio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Manuela Moriggi
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.B.); (D.C.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-50330475
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Qu Z, Zhou L. Drug Development in the Field of Sphinogolipid Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:169-188. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Moon J, Kim P. Intravital Two-photon Imaging of Dynamic Alteration of Hepatic Lipid Droplets in Fasted and Refed State. J Lipid Atheroscler 2021; 10:313-321. [PMID: 34621702 PMCID: PMC8473963 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2021.10.3.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The liver plays a central role in lipid metabolism. During fasting and feeding, the fatty acid trafficking between adipose tissue and liver induces accumulation and dissociation of dynamic hepatic lipid droplets (LDs). Herein, we established an intravital 2-photon imaging technique to longitudinally visualize the dynamic in vivo alteration of hepatic LD deposition during fasting and refeeding in the liver of live mouse. Methods Intravital 2-photon imaging of liver was performed to observe hepatic LD alteration induced by fasting for different periods of time, 12, 24, and 48 hours followed by refeeding. Hepatic LDs were fluorescently labelled in vivo by intravenous injection of Seoul-Flour 44 and visualized by custom-built intravital 2-photon microscope. Results Significant increases of the number and size of hepatic LDs were observed by intravital 2-photon imaging of the liver after 12 hours of fasting. The degree of hepatic LD accumulation continuously increased with fasting up to 48 hours. Remarkably, with refeeding for 24 hours, the hepatic LDs accumulated by fasting were fully dissociated and the LD occupancy in the liver was recovered to the normal state. Conclusion Utilizing intravital 2-photon microscope with in vivo systemic fluorescent labeling of LD in live mice, dynamic alterations of hepatic LDs such as accumulation and dissociation by fasting and refeeding were successfully visualized at a subcellular level in vivo. The established method enabling the in vivo visualization of LDs will be a useful tool to investigate the pathophysiology of various diseases associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Moon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.,KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Pilhan Kim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.,KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
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10
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Liu Q, Zhang L, Allman EL, Hubbard TD, Murray IA, Hao F, Tian Y, Gui W, Nichols RG, Smith PB, Anitha M, Perdew GH, Patterson AD. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor activates ceramide biosynthesis in mice contributing to hepatic lipogenesis. Toxicology 2021; 458:152831. [PMID: 34097992 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activation via 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) induces the accumulation of hepatic lipids. Here we report that AHR activation by TCDF (24 μg/kg body weight given orally for five days) induced significant elevation of hepatic lipids including ceramides in mice, was associated with increased expression of key ceramide biosynthetic genes, and increased activity of their respective enzymes. Results from chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and cell-based reporter luciferase assays indicated that AHR directly activated the serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 2 (Sptlc2, encodes serine palmitoyltransferase 2 (SPT2)) gene whose product catalyzes the initial rate-limiting step in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis. Hepatic ceramide accumulation was further confirmed by mass spectrometry-based lipidomics. Taken together, our results revealed that AHR activation results in the up-regulation of Sptlc2, leading to ceramide accumulation, thus promoting lipogenesis, which can induce hepatic lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Limin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Erik L Allman
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Troy D Hubbard
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Iain A Murray
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Fuhua Hao
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Wei Gui
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Robert G Nichols
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Philip B Smith
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mallappa Anitha
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Gary H Perdew
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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