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Gastrointestinal Microbiome and Multiple Health Outcomes: Umbrella Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183726. [PMID: 36145102 PMCID: PMC9505003 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing concern about the impact of the gastrointestinal microbiome on human health outcomes. To clarify the evidence for a link between the gastrointestinal microbiome and a variety of health outcomes in humans, we conducted an all-encompassing review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews that included 195 meta-analyses containing 950 unique health outcomes. The gastrointestinal microbiome is related to mortality, gastrointestinal disease, immune and metabolic outcomes, neurological and psychiatric outcomes, maternal and infant outcomes, and other outcomes. Existing interventions for intestinal microbiota (such as probiotics, fecal microbiota transplant, etc.) are generally safe and beneficial to a variety of human health outcomes, but the quality of evidence is not high, and more detailed and well-designed randomized controlled trials are necessary.
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库尔班乃木·卡合曼, 赵 健, 穆凯代斯·艾合买提, 王 汉, 朱 稷, 潘 文, 卡思木江·阿西木江. [E.faecium QH06 alleviates TNBS-induced colonic mucosal injury in rats]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:976-987. [PMID: 35869759 PMCID: PMC9308865 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.07.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Enterococcus faecium QH06 on TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats and explore the mechanisms in light of intestinal flora and intestinal immunity. METHODS Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomized equally into control group, UC model group, and E.faecium QH06 intervention group. The rats in the latter two groups were subjected to colonic enema with 5% TNBS/ethanol to induce UC, followed by treatment with intragastric administration of distilled water or E.faecium QH06 at the dose of 0.21 g/kg. After 14 days of treatment, the rats were examined for colon pathologies with HE staining. The mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-γ in the colon tissues were detected using RT-qPCR and ELISA, and the expression of TLR2 protein was detected with immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Illumina Miseq platform was used for sequencing analysis of the intestinal flora of the rats with bioinformatics analysis. The correlations of the parameters of the intestinal flora with the expression levels of TLR2 and cytokines were analyzed. RESULTS The rats with TNBS- induced UC showed obvious weight loss (P < 0.01) and severe colon tissue injury with high pathological scores (P < 0.01). The protein expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, and TLR2 (P < 0.01) and the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-10 (P < 0.05) were significantly increased in the colon tissues of the rats with UC. Illumina Miseq sequence analysis showed that in UC rats, the Shannon index (P < 0.05) ACE (P < 0.01)and Chao (P < 0.05) index for the diversity of intestinal flora both decreased with a significantly increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae (P < 0.01) and a lowered abundance of Burkholderiaceae (P < 0.05). Compared with the UC rats, the rats treated with E. faecium QH06 showed obvious body weight gain (P < 0.05), lessened colon injuries, lowered pathological score of the colon tissue (P < 0.05), decreased protein expressions of IFN- γ, IL- 12, and TLR2 and mRNA expressions of IFN- γ and IL-12 (P < 0.01 or 0.05), and increased protein expressions of IL- 4 (P < 0.05). The Shannon index ACE (P < 0.05) and Chao (P < 0.05) index of intestinal microflora were significantly increased, the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae was lowered and that of Burkholderiaceae and Rikenellaceae was increased in E.faecium QH06- treated rats (P < 0.01 or 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that IFN-γ was positively correlated with the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, and IFN-γ was negatively correlated with the abundance of Prevotellaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, norank_o_Mollicutes_RF39 and Clostridiales_vadinBB60_group; TLR2 was negatively correlated with Clostridiales_vadinBB60_group, norank_o_Mollicutes_RF39 and Prevotellaceae. CONCLUSION E.faecium QH06 can alleviate TNBS-induced colonic mucosal injury in rats, and its effect is mediated possibly by increasing the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria such as Prevotellaceae and inhibiting abnormal immune responses mediated by TLR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- 库尔班乃木·卡合曼
- 新疆医科大学第一附属医院康复医学科,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - 健锋 赵
- 新疆医科大学第五临床医学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011Fifth Clinical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - 穆凯代斯·艾合买提
- 新疆医科大学第五临床医学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011Fifth Clinical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - 汉铭 王
- 新疆医科大学第二临床医学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011Second Clinical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - 稷蔚 朱
- 新疆医科大学第五临床医学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011Fifth Clinical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - 文涛 潘
- 新疆医科大学第五临床医学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011Fifth Clinical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - 卡思木江·阿西木江
- 新疆医科大学基础医学院物生化学与分子生物学教研室,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
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Enterococcus faecium Alleviates Gut Barrier Injury in C57BL/6 Mice with Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2021; 2021:2683465. [PMID: 34868304 PMCID: PMC8639271 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2683465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of gut microbiota composition in ulcerative colitis is strongly supported by previous research. Growing evidence suggests that probiotic therapy protects against inflammatory bowel disease in animal models and patients. However, as a probiotic, the role of Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) in UC remains unclear. Nevertheless, the potential mechanism of the protective effect of E. faecium remains unknown. In this study, a dextran sulphate sodium-induced (DSS-induced) colitis model was used to detect the underlying mechanism of E. faecium in maintaining gut homeostasis. ELISA was performed to detect the levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10). Furthermore, 454 pyrosequencing was used to investigate the microbiota composition in fecal samples. The results illustrate that E. faecium administration could prevent DSS-induced gut inflammation and intestinal flora imbalance. At the same time, the damage to intestinal mucosal barrier and tight junctions was partially repaired. These results demonstrate the preventive effect of E. faecium in DSS-induced intestinal injury. The present study provides new insights into the medicinal value of E. faecium for UC.
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Tremblay A, Xu X, Colee J, Tompkins TA. Efficacy of a Multi-Strain Probiotic Formulation in Pediatric Populations: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061908. [PMID: 34206098 PMCID: PMC8226750 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A probiotic formulation combining Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell®-52, Bifidobacterium infantis Rosell®-33, and Bifidobacterium bifidum Rosell®-71 with fructooligosaccharides, first commercialized in China, has been sold in over 28 countries since 2002. Clinical studies with this blend of strains were conducted mainly in pediatric populations, and most were published in non-English journals. This comprehensive review summarizes the clinical studies in infants and children to evaluate the efficacy of this probiotic for pediatric indications. Literature searches for pediatric studies on Biostime® or Probiokid® (non-commercial name) in 6 international and Chinese databases identified 28 studies, which were classified by indications. Twelve studies show that the probiotic significantly increases the efficacy of standard diarrhea treatment regardless of etiology, reducing the risk of unresolved diarrhea (RR 0.31 [0.23; 0.42]; p < 0.0001) by 69%. In eight studies, the probiotic enhanced immune defenses, assessed by levels of various immune competence and mucosal immunity markers (six studies), and reduced the incidence of common infections (two studies). The probiotic improved iron deficiency anemia treatment efficacy (three studies), reducing the risk of unresolved anemia by 49% (RR 0.51 [0.28; 0.92]; p = 0.0263) and significantly reducing treatment side effects by 47% (RR 0.53 [0.37; 0.77]; p = 0.0009). Other studies support further investigation into this probiotic for oral candidiasis, eczema, feeding intolerance in premature babies, or hyperbilirubinemia in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Tremblay
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Lallemand Health Solutions Inc., 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P2R2, Canada; (A.T.); (X.X.)
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Lallemand Health Solutions Inc., 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P2R2, Canada; (A.T.); (X.X.)
| | - James Colee
- IFAS Statistical Consulting Unit, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110500, Gainesville, FL 32611-0500, USA;
| | - Thomas A. Tompkins
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Lallemand Health Solutions Inc., 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P2R2, Canada; (A.T.); (X.X.)
- Correspondence:
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Lee CH, Choi Y, Seo SY, Kim SH, Kim IH, Kim SW, Lee ST, Lee SO. Addition of probiotics to antibiotics improves the clinical course of pneumonia in young people without comorbidities: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2021; 11:926. [PMID: 33441702 PMCID: PMC7806890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the clinical efficacy of probiotics in pneumonia patients. To this end, we enrolled 80 participants diagnosed with pneumonia at Naval Pohang Hospital, Pohang, Korea, from May 2016 to January 2017. The participants were randomly assigned to the control and probiotic groups depending on whether they received probiotics. All participants clinically improved but 22.6% of the participants complained of abnormal stool habits after pneumonia treatment. In comparison, fever duration was significantly shorter in the probiotic group, and the group exhibited an improved general condition. The probiotic group also showed better stool characteristics according to the Bristol stool scale (P = 0.009). Notably, the serum hs-CRP levels were significantly lower in the probiotic group at 2 weeks of treatment (P = 0.015), and all participants in the probiotic group achieved their levels within the normal range. Flow cytometry was used to analyze T-helper 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs were promoted and the Th17 cell/Treg ratio was suppressed after 2 weeks of treatment in the probiotic group (P = 0.007 and 0.037, respectively). This study demonstrated that probiotics improved clinical symptoms and normalized inflammatory biomarker levels in patients with pneumonia. Early infection and inflammation recovery may be due to the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics by facilitating the subset of Tregs and suppressing the Th17 cell/Treg ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naval Pohang Hospital, Pohang, South Korea.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Yunjung Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Seung Young Seo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Seong-Hun Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - In Hee Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Soo Teik Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Seung Ok Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea.
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Hmar EBL, Paul S, Boruah N, Sarkar P, Borah S, Sharma HK. Apprehending Ulcerative Colitis Management With Springing Up Therapeutic Approaches: Can Nanotechnology Play a Nascent Role? CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-020-00218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Effect of Combined Live Probiotics Alleviating the Gastrointestinal Symptoms of Functional Bowel Disorders. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:4181748. [PMID: 33014039 PMCID: PMC7519468 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4181748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Changes of the gut microbiota are related to the pathogenesis of functional bowel disorders (FBDs), and probiotic supplementation may be an effective treatment option. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of combined live probiotics on the gastrointestinal symptoms of FBDs via altering the gut microbiota. Methods Patients with the gastrointestinal symptoms of FBDs attending the Outpatient Department, from July to November 2019, were recruited. After the bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder and colonoscopy, patients with normal result of colonoscopy were randomly divided into the probiotics group and control group. Patients in the probiotics group were prescribed with combined live Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium enteric-coated capsules for 4 weeks. Small intestinal bacteria overgrowth (SIBO) was measured by lactulose hydrogen breath test, and the microbial DNA was extracted from the fecal samples and the bacteria were classified by 16S rDNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results Twenty-five patients of each group were recruited, and there was no significant difference between the probiotics and control groups on baseline gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS), positive rate of SIBO, and relative abundances of the gut microbiota at the phylum level. After 4 weeks of treatment, the values of the probiotics and control groups were as follows: GSRS 1.4 ± 1.4 and 3.6 ± 1.6 and positive rate of SIBO 28.0% and 56.0%, respectively. The median relative abundances of the gut microbiota were 1.01% and 5.03% Actinobacteria and 43.80% and 35.17% Bacteroidetes at the phylum level; 0.76% and 3.29% Bifidobacterium, 0.13% and 0.89% Cillinsella, 0.03% and 0.01% Enterococcus, 0.18% and 0.36% Lachnospiraceae, 0.10% and 0.16% Ruminococcus torques group, 1.31% and 2.44% Blautia, and 0.83% and 2.02% Fusicatenibacter at the genus level (P < 0.05), respectively. Conclusion Combined live probiotic supplementation after the bowel preparation can alter the gut microbiota, decontaminate SIBO, and alleviate the gastrointestinal symptoms of FBDs. This trial is registered with ChiCTR1900026472.
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