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Cieniewicz B, Oliveira E, Saxton M, Torabi D, Bhatta A, Kukutla P, Arballo A, Yang Z, Yu B, Fate M, Ning H, Corey L, Maiti A, Corey D. Therapeutic Targeting of TIM-4-L with Engineered T Cells for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1878-1888. [PMID: 38451195 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Disruption of lipid bilayer asymmetry is a common feature observed in cancer cells and offers novel routes for therapeutic targeting. We used the natural immune receptor TIM-4 to interrogate for loss of plasma membrane phospholipid polarity in primary acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) samples and evaluated the anti-leukemic activity of TIM-4-L-directed T-cell therapy in preclinical AML models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed FACS analysis on 33 primary AML bone marrow specimens and correlated TIM-4-L expression frequency and intensity with molecular disease characteristics. Using Kasumi-1 and MV-4-11 AML cell lines, we further tested the anti-leukemic effects of TIM-4-L-directed engineered T cells in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We found that 86% of untreated AML blasts displayed upregulation of cell surface TIM-4-L. These observations were agnostic to AML genetic classification, as samples with mutations in TP53, ASXL1, and RUNX1 displayed TIM-4-L upregulation similar to that seen in favorable and intermediate subtypes. TIM-4-L dysregulation was also stably present in AML cell lines. To evaluate the potential of targeting upregulated TIM-4-L with adoptive T-cell therapy, we constructed TIM-4-L-directed engineered T cells, which demonstrated potent anti-leukemic effects, effectively eliminating AML cell lines with a range of endogenous TIM-4-L expression levels both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight TIM-4-L as a highly prevalent target on AML across a range of genetic classifications and novel target for T-cell-based therapy in AML. Further investigations into the role of TIM-4-L in AML pathogenesis and its potential as an anti-leukemic target for clinical development are warranted.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Mice
- Animals
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Female
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Adult
- Aged
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mike Saxton
- CERo Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Damoun Torabi
- CERo Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Ankit Bhatta
- CERo Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Zhuo Yang
- CERo Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Bi Yu
- CERo Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Maria Fate
- CERo Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Hongxiu Ning
- CERo Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Abhishek Maiti
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel Corey
- CERo Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California
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Cieniewicz B, Bhatta A, Torabi D, Baichoo P, Saxton M, Arballo A, Nguyen L, Thomas S, Kethar H, Kukutla P, Shoaga O, Yu B, Yang Z, Fate M, Oliveira E, Ning H, Corey L, Corey D. Chimeric TIM-4 receptor-modified T cells targeting phosphatidylserine mediates both cytotoxic anti-tumor responses and phagocytic uptake of tumor-associated antigen for T cell cross-presentation. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2132-2153. [PMID: 37194236 PMCID: PMC10362418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To leverage complementary mechanisms for cancer cell removal, we developed a novel cell engineering and therapeutic strategy co-opting phagocytic clearance and antigen presentation activity into T cells. We engineered a chimeric engulfment receptor (CER)-1236, which combines the extracellular domain of TIM-4, a phagocytic receptor recognizing the "eat me" signal phosphatidylserine, with intracellular signaling domains (TLR2/TIR, CD28, and CD3ζ) to enhance both TIM-4-mediated phagocytosis and T cell cytotoxic function. CER-1236 T cells demonstrate target-dependent phagocytic function and induce transcriptional signatures of key regulators responsible for phagocytic recognition and uptake, along with cytotoxic mediators. Pre-clinical models of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) demonstrate collaborative innate-adaptive anti-tumor immune responses both in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with BTK (MCL) and EGFR (NSCLC) inhibitors increased target ligand, conditionally driving CER-1236 function to augment anti-tumor responses. We also show that activated CER-1236 T cells exhibit superior cross-presentation ability compared with conventional T cells, triggering E7-specific TCR T responses in an HLA class I- and TLR-2-dependent manner, thereby overcoming the limited antigen presentation capacity of conventional T cells. Therefore, CER-1236 T cells have the potential to achieve tumor control by eliciting both direct cytotoxic effects and indirect-mediated cross-priming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankit Bhatta
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Damoun Torabi
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Priya Baichoo
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mike Saxton
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Linh Nguyen
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sunil Thomas
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Harini Kethar
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Omolola Shoaga
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Bi Yu
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Maria Fate
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Edson Oliveira
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hongxiu Ning
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daniel Corey
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Duong DST, Jang CH. Detection of phosphatidylserine by using liquid crystal supported on the gold-deposited waveform surfaces with the annexin V-based signal enhancement. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Exosomes and cancer - Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic vehicle. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:54. [PMID: 36109501 PMCID: PMC9477829 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractExosomes belong to a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles secreted by the dynamic multistep endocytosis process and carry diverse functional molecular cargoes, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids (DNA, messenger and noncoding RNA), and metabolites to promote intercellular communication. Proteins and noncoding RNA are among the most abundant contents in exosomes; they have biological functions and are selectively packaged into exosomes. Exosomes derived from tumor, stromal and immune cells contribute to the multiple stages of cancer progression as well as resistance to therapy. In this review, we will discuss the biogenesis of exosomes and their roles in cancer development. Since specific contents within exosomes originate from their cells of origin, this property allows exosomes to function as valuable biomarkers. We will also discuss the potential use of exosomes as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or predictors for different therapeutic strategies for multiple cancers. Furthermore, the applications of exosomes as direct therapeutic targets or engineered vehicles for drugs are an important field of exosome study. Better understanding of exosome biology may pave the way to promising exosome-based clinical applications.
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Circulating Exosome Cargoes Contain Functionally Diverse Cancer Biomarkers: From Biogenesis and Function to Purification and Potential Translational Utility. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143350. [PMID: 35884411 PMCID: PMC9318395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although diagnostic and therapeutic treatments of cancer have tremendously improved over the past two decades, the indolent nature of its symptoms has made early detection challenging. Thus, inter-disciplinary (genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and lipidomic) research efforts have been focused on the non-invasive identification of unique "silver bullet" cancer biomarkers for the design of ultra-sensitive molecular diagnostic assays. Circulating tumor biomarkers, such as CTCs and ctDNAs, which are released by tumors in the circulation, have already demonstrated their clinical utility for the non-invasive detection of certain solid tumors. Considering that exosomes are actively produced by all cells, including tumor cells, and can be found in the circulation, they have been extensively assessed for their potential as a source of circulating cell-specific biomarkers. Exosomes are particularly appealing because they represent a stable and encapsulated reservoir of active biological compounds that may be useful for the non-invasive detection of cancer. T biogenesis of these extracellular vesicles is profoundly altered during carcinogenesis, but because they harbor unique or uniquely combined surface proteins, cancer biomarker studies have been focused on their purification from biofluids, for the analysis of their RNA, DNA, protein, and lipid cargoes. In this review, we evaluate the biogenesis of normal and cancer exosomes, provide extensive information on the state of the art, the current purification methods, and the technologies employed for genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and lipidomic evaluation of their cargoes. Our thorough examination of the literature highlights the current limitations and promising future of exosomes as a liquid biopsy for the identification of circulating tumor biomarkers.
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Sola F, Montanari M, Fiorani M, Barattini C, Ciacci C, Burattini S, Lopez D, Ventola A, Zamai L, Ortolani C, Papa S, Canonico B. Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles Targeting Mitochondria: Trafficking in Myeloid Cells and Application as Doxorubicin Delivery System in Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063069. [PMID: 35328491 PMCID: PMC8954043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) appear to be a promising imaging platform, showing a specific subcellular localization. In the present study, we first investigated their preferential mitochondrial targeting in myeloid cells, by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and TEM on both cells and isolated mitochondria, to acquire knowledge in imaging combined with therapeutic applications. Then, we conjugated SiNPs to one of the most used anticancer drugs, doxorubicin (DOX). As an anticancer agent, DOX has high efficacy but also an elevated systemic toxicity, causing multiple side effects. Nanostructures are usually employed to increase the drug circulation time and accumulation in target tissues, reducing undesired cytotoxicity. We tested these functionalized SiNPs (DOX-NPs) on breast cancer cell line MCF-7. We evaluated DOX-NP cytotoxicity, the effect on the cell cycle and on the expression of CD44 antigen, a molecule involved in adhesion and in tumor invasion, comparing DOX-NP to free DOX and stand-alone SiNPs. We found a specific ability to release a minor amount of CD44+ extracellular vesicles (EVs), from both CD81 negative and CD81 positive pools. Modulating the levels of CD44 at the cell surface in cancer cells is thus of great importance for disrupting the signaling pathways that favor tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sola
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (F.S.); (M.M.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (S.B.); (D.L.); (L.Z.); (C.O.); (S.P.)
- AcZon s.r.l., 40050 Monte San Pietro, Italy;
| | - Mariele Montanari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (F.S.); (M.M.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (S.B.); (D.L.); (L.Z.); (C.O.); (S.P.)
| | - Mara Fiorani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (F.S.); (M.M.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (S.B.); (D.L.); (L.Z.); (C.O.); (S.P.)
| | - Chiara Barattini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (F.S.); (M.M.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (S.B.); (D.L.); (L.Z.); (C.O.); (S.P.)
- AcZon s.r.l., 40050 Monte San Pietro, Italy;
| | - Caterina Ciacci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (F.S.); (M.M.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (S.B.); (D.L.); (L.Z.); (C.O.); (S.P.)
| | - Sabrina Burattini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (F.S.); (M.M.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (S.B.); (D.L.); (L.Z.); (C.O.); (S.P.)
| | - Daniele Lopez
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (F.S.); (M.M.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (S.B.); (D.L.); (L.Z.); (C.O.); (S.P.)
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Loris Zamai
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (F.S.); (M.M.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (S.B.); (D.L.); (L.Z.); (C.O.); (S.P.)
| | - Claudio Ortolani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (F.S.); (M.M.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (S.B.); (D.L.); (L.Z.); (C.O.); (S.P.)
| | - Stefano Papa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (F.S.); (M.M.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (S.B.); (D.L.); (L.Z.); (C.O.); (S.P.)
| | - Barbara Canonico
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (F.S.); (M.M.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (S.B.); (D.L.); (L.Z.); (C.O.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0722304280
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Cizmecioglu A, Akay Cizmecioglu H, Goktepe MH, Emsen A, Korkmaz C, Esenkaya Tasbent F, Colkesen F, Artac H. Apoptosis-induced T-cell lymphopenia is related to COVID-19 severity. J Med Virol 2021; 93:2867-2874. [PMID: 33331657 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of acute-phase reactants and lymphopenia are predictors of disease severity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to investigate the role of apoptosis in the etiology of lymphopenia in patients with COVID-19. This multicentered, prospective, and case-control study was conducted with polymerase chain reaction (+) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) patients, and an age-gender-matched control group. Samples were taken at the time of diagnosis and analyzed via flow cytometry within 24 h. The participants' demographic data and initial laboratory tests were also recorded. In total, 33 patients with COVID-19 (mean age = 45.4 ± 17.2) and 25 controls (mean age = 43.4 ± 17.4) participated in the study. All patients were identified as having mild (16), moderate (5), or severe (12) disease severity. Both early and late apoptotic cells in B and T lymphocytes were increased in all patients with COVID-19 (p < .05). Early apoptotic (EA) B and T lymphocytes were also higher in severe cases compared to mild cases (p = .026). There was no significant difference between lymphopenia and apoptosis in patients with COVID-19. However, patients with lymphopenia (n = 14) and severe COVID-19 (p = .013) had increased EA T lymphocytes. This study's results show that B and T lymphocytes' apoptosis increases in patients with COVID-19. In addition, enhanced T lymphocyte apoptosis is associated with disease severity in lymphopenic patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Cizmecioglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hilal Akay Cizmecioglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mevlut Hakan Goktepe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ayca Emsen
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Celalettin Korkmaz
- Department of Chest Disease and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya
| | - Fatma Esenkaya Tasbent
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Colkesen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hasibe Artac
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Vitamin D Prevents Pancreatic Cancer-Induced Apoptosis Signaling of Inflammatory Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071055. [PMID: 32679840 PMCID: PMC7408286 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined approaches based on immunotherapy and drugs supporting immune effector cell function might increase treatment options for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), vitamin D being a suitable drug candidate. In this study, we evaluated whether treatment with the vitamin D analogue, calcipotriol, counterbalances PDAC induced and SMAD4-associated intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i alterations, cytokines release, immune effector function, and the intracellular signaling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Calcipotriol counteracted the [Ca2+]i depletion of PBMCs induced by SMAD4-expressing PDAC cells, which conditioned media augmented the number of calcium flows while reducing whole [Ca2+]i. While calcipotriol inhibited spontaneous and PDAC-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) release by PBMC and reduced intracellular transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), it did not counteract the lymphocytes proliferation induced in allogenic co-culture by PDAC-conditioned PBMCs. Calcipotriol mainly antagonized PDAC-induced apoptosis and partially restored PDAC-inhibited NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, alterations induced by PDAC cells in the [Ca2+]i of immune cells can be partially reverted by calcipotriol treatment, which promotes inflammation and antagonizes PBMCs apoptosis. These effects, together with the dampening of intracellular TGF-β, might result in an overall anti-tumor effect, thus supporting the administration of vitamin D in PDAC patients.
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Noreen S, Gardner QA, Fatima I, Sadaf S, Akhtar MW. Upregulated Expression of Calcium-Dependent Annexin A6: A Potential Biomarker of Ovarian Carcinoma. Proteomics Clin Appl 2020; 14:e1900078. [PMID: 31747122 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE An early and accurate diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma (OC) may reduce morbidity and mortality of the patients. To improve the clinical outcome in OC patients, the present study is aimed at identifying robust biomarkers for early OC diagnosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In order to look for early-stage protein markers, a systematic protein profiling approach involving 2-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometric analyses of human malignant and non-malignant ovarian biopsy samples, is performed. RESULTS Six 2D gel spots, corresponding to five proteins, display statistically significant differential expression in the tumor tissues compared to benign controls (FDR ≤ 0.05; PMF score ≥ 79). Ingenuity pathway analysis predicts two proteins, that is, Ca2+ -dependent membrane-binding protein annexin A6 (AnxA6) and the metabolic enzyme l-lactate dehydrogenase A chain, as potential predictive biomarkers. Increased expression of AnxA6 is further ascertained by Western blot and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in the resected tissues and the plasma samples. The expression is found markedly increasing particularly in the advanced stage tumors. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The significant upregulation of AnxA6 in OC, reported for the first time, is likely to provide insight into the mechanism of OC progression, which may lead to the design of potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzadi Noreen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | | | - Iram Fatima
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Saima Sadaf
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
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Long Q, Huang Y, Shang J, Liu Y, Chen C. Black Carbon Induces Cytotoxicity and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells. Curr Eye Res 2019; 45:680-685. [PMID: 31765230 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1698051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Long
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Shang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Hakobyan G, Davtyan H, Harutyunyan K, Alexanyan K, Amirkhanyan Y, Gharibyan AL, Asatryan L, Tadevosyan Y. Similarities in Blood Mononuclear Cell Membrane Phospholipid Profiles During Malignancy. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6040105. [PMID: 30477187 PMCID: PMC6313534 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids (PLs), key elements of cellular membranes, are regulated reciprocally with membrane proteins and can act as sensors for alterations in physiological or pathological states of cells including initiation and development of cancer. On the other hand, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) play an important role in antitumor immune response by reacting to cancerous modifications in distant organs. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that tumor initiation and development are reflected in the alteration pattern of the MNC PL component. We analyzed MNC membrane PL fractions in samples from healthy individuals and from patients with diverse types of cancers to reveal possible alterations induced by malignancy. Compared to healthy controls, the cancer samples demonstrated shifts in several membrane PL profiles. In particular, when analyzing cancer data pooled together, there were significantly higher levels in lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions, and significantly lower quantities in phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid fractions in cancer samples compared to controls. The levels of sphingomyelins and diphosphatidylglycerols were relatively unaffected. Most of the differences in PLs were sustained during the analysis of individual cancers such as breast cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Our findings suggest the presence of a common pattern of changes in MNC PLs during malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Hakobyan
- Laboratory of Regulation of Cellular Activity, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Hasmik Davtyan
- Laboratory of Regulation of Cellular Activity, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Kristine Harutyunyan
- Laboratory of Regulation of Cellular Activity, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Knarik Alexanyan
- Center of Oncology after V. Fanarjyan, Ministry of Health RA, 0052 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | | | - Anna L Gharibyan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Liana Asatryan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Yuri Tadevosyan
- Laboratory of Regulation of Cellular Activity, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia.
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Ahmad Hidayat AF, Chan CK, Mohamad J, Abdul Kadir H. Dioscorea bulbifera induced apoptosis through inhibition of ERK 1/2 and activation of JNK signaling pathways in HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:806-816. [PMID: 29860114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea bulbifera, also known as air potato, has been cultivated as food crop mainly in tropical countries in Asia and Australia. The tubers are edible and have often been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Ayurvedic medicine to treat cancer, diabetes, thyroid disease, and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of D. bulbifera on HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells and to unravel the plausible mechanisms underlying its apoptotic effects. The ethanol crude and fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate and water) of D. bulbifera were subjected to cell viability MTT assay against various cancer cell lines. The lowest IC50 of the extract and fractions on selected cancer cells were selected for further apoptosis assay and western blot analysis. HCT116 cancer cells were treated with D. bulbifera and stained with Annexin/PI or Hoechst 33342/PI for preliminary confirmation of apoptosis. The dissipation of mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) was determined by flow cytometry. The protein expressions of apoptosis-related proteins such as Bcl-2 family, caspases, Fas, PARP, ERK1/2 and JNK were detected by western blot analysis. Moreover, the HCT116 cells were treated with UO126 and SP600125 inhibitors to verify the involvement of ERK1/2 and JNK protein expressions in inducing apoptotic cell death. Based on the result, D. bulbifera ethyl acetate fraction (DBEAF) exhibited the most compelling cytotoxicity on HCT116 cells with an IC50 of 37.91 ± 1.30 µg/mL. The induction of apoptosis was confirmed by phosphatidylserine externalization and chromatin condensation. Depolarization of MMP further conferred the induction of apoptosis was through the regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins. Activation of caspase cascades (caspase-3, -9, -8 and -10) was elicited followed by the observation of cleaved PARP accumulation in DBEAF-treated cells. Furthermore, death receptor, Fas was activated upon exposure to DBEAF. Collective apoptotic evidences suggested the involvement of intrinsic and extrinsic pathways by DBEAF in HCT116 cells. Interestingly, the attenuation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation accompanied by the activation of JNK was detected in DBEAF-treated cells. In conclusion, the findings revealed that DBEAF induced apoptosis through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways involving ERK1/2 and JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Fadhlurrahman Ahmad Hidayat
- (a)Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chim Kei Chan
- (a)Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamaludin Mohamad
- (b)Biohealth Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Abdul Kadir
- (a)Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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13
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De M, Ghosh S, Sen T, Shadab M, Banerjee I, Basu S, Ali N. A Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer Using Phosphatidylserine Targeting Stearylamine-Bearing Cationic Liposomes. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 10:9-27. [PMID: 29499959 PMCID: PMC5723379 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a pressing need for a ubiquitously expressed antigen or receptor on the tumor surface for successful mitigation of the deleterious side effects of chemotherapy. Phosphatidylserine (PS), normally constrained to the intracellular surface, is exposed on the external surface of tumors and most tumorigenic cell lines. Here we report that a novel PS-targeting liposome, phosphatidylcholine-stearylamine (PC-SA), induced apoptosis and showed potent anticancer effects as a single agent against a majority of cancer cell lines. We experimentally proved that this was due to a strong affinity for and direct interaction of these liposomes with PS. Complexation of the chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin and camptothecin in these vesicles demonstrated a manyfold enhancement in the efficacies of the drugs both in vitro and across three advanced tumor models without any signs of toxicity. Both free and drug-loaded liposomes were maximally confined to the tumor site with low tissue concentration. These data indicate that PC-SA is a unique and promising liposome that, alone and as a combination therapy, has anticancer potential across a wide range of cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjarika De
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sneha Ghosh
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Triparna Sen
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Md Shadab
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Indranil Banerjee
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Santanu Basu
- Department of Oncology, ESI Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Nahid Ali
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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14
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Pang Y, Li C, Wang S, Ba W, Yu T, Pei G, Bi D, Liang H, Pan X, Zhu T, Gou M, Han Y, Li Q. A novel protein derived from lamprey supraneural body tissue with efficient cytocidal actions against tumor cells. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:42. [PMID: 29037260 PMCID: PMC5644163 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous research, we found that cell secretion from the adult lamprey supraneural body tissues possesses cytocidal activity against tumor cells, but the protein with cytocidal activity was unidentified. METHODS A novel lamprey immune protein (LIP) as defense molecule was first purified and identified in jawless vertebrates (cyclostomes) using hydroxyapatite column and Q Sepharose Fast Flow column. After LIP stimulation, morphological changes of tumor cells were analysed and measured whether in vivo or in vitro. RESULTS LIP induces remarkable morphological changes in tumor cells, including cell blebbing, cytoskeletal alterations, mitochondrial fragmentation and endoplasmic reticulum vacuolation, and most of the cytoplasmic and organelle proteins are released following treatment with LIP. LIP evokes an elevation of intracellular calcium and inflammatory molecule levels. Our analysis of the cytotoxic mechanism suggests that LIP can upregulate the expression of caspase 1, RIPK1, RIP3 to trigger pyroptosis and necroptosis. To examine the effect of LIP in vivo, tumor xenograft experiments were performed, and the results indicated that LIP inhibits tumor growth without damage to mice. In addition, the cytotoxic action of LIP depended on the phosphatidylserine (PS) content of the cell membrane. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that LIP plays a crucial role in tumor cell survival and growth. The findings will also help to elucidate the mechanisms of host defense in lamprey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Pang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Changzhi Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Shiyue Wang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Wei Ba
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Tao Yu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Guangying Pei
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Dan Bi
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Hongfang Liang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Xiong Pan
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Meng Gou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Yinglun Han
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China. .,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
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15
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Detection of phosphatidylserine-positive exosomes as a diagnostic marker for ovarian malignancies: a proof of concept study. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14395-14407. [PMID: 28122335 PMCID: PMC5362413 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no suitable screening modalities for ovarian carcinomas (OC) and repeated imaging and CA-125 levels are often needed to triage equivocal ovarian masses. Definitive diagnosis of malignancy, however, can only be established by histologic confirmation. Thus, the ability to detect OC at early stages is low, and most cases are diagnosed as advanced disease. Since tumor cells expose phosphatidylserine (PS) on their plasma membrane, we predicted that tumors might secrete PS-positive exosomes into the bloodstream that could be a surrogate biomarker for cancer. To address this, we developed a highly stringent ELISA that detects picogram quantities of PS in patient plasma. Blinded plasma from 34 suspect ovarian cancer patients and 10 healthy subjects were analyzed for the presence of PS-expressing vesicles. The nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test showed the malignant group had significantly higher PS values than the benign group (median 0.237 vs. -0.027, p=0.0001) and the malignant and benign groups had significantly higher PS values than the healthy group (median 0.237 vs -0.158, p<0.0001 and -0.027 vs -0.158, p=0.0002, respectively). ROC analysis of the predictive accuracy of PS-expressing exosomes/vesicles in predicting malignant against normal, benign against normal and malignant against benign revealed AUCs of 1.0, 0.95 and 0.911, respectively. This study provides proof-of-concept data that supports the high diagnostic power of PS detection in the blood of women with suspect ovarian malignancies.
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16
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Chetty CJ, Ferreira E, Jovanovic K, Weiss SFT. Knockdown of LRP/LR induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer and neuroblastoma cells through activation of caspases. Exp Cell Res 2017; 360:264-272. [PMID: 28899658 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The 37kDa/67kDa laminin receptor (LRP/LR) serves various physiological and pathological roles such as enhancing tumour-related processes including metastasis, angiogenesis, cellular viability and telomerase activation in cancerous cell lines. The present study investigates the effect of siRNA mediated downregulation of LRP/LR on pancreatic cancer (AsPC-1) and neuroblastoma (IMR-32) cells. MTT and BrdU assays revealed that siRNA mediated downregulation of LRP resulted in a significant reduction in cell viability and cell proliferation. In addition, knock-down of LRP resulted in phosphatidylserine externalization, diminished nuclear integrity and significantly enhanced caspase-3 activity, which is indicative of apoptosis. LRP downregulation resulted in a significant increase in caspase-8 activity in IMR-32 cells and enhanced caspase-8 and 9 activity in AsPC-1 cells. These data recommend siRNA mediated knock-down of LRP as a potential therapeutic avenue for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carryn J Chetty
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Eloise Ferreira
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Katarina Jovanovic
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Stefan F T Weiss
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa.
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17
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Sharma R, Huang X, Brekken RA, Schroit AJ. Detection of phosphatidylserine-positive exosomes for the diagnosis of early-stage malignancies. Br J Cancer 2017. [PMID: 28641308 PMCID: PMC5558679 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There has been increasing interest in the detection of tumour exosomes in blood for cancer diagnostics. Most studies have focussed on miRNA and protein signatures that are surrogate markers for specific tumour types. Because tumour cells and tumour-derived exosomes display phosphatidylserine (PS) in their outer membrane leaflet, we developed a highly sensitive ELISA-based system that detects picogram amounts of exosomal phospholipid in plasma as a cancer biomarker. Methods: This report describes the development of a highly specific and sensitive ELISA for the capture of PS-expressing tumour exosomes in the blood of tumour-bearing mice. To monitor the relationship between tumour burden and tumour exosome plasma concentrations, plasma from one transplantable breast cancer model (MDA-MB-231) and three genetic mouse models (MMTV-PyMT; breast and KIC and KPC; pancreatic) were screened for captured exosomal phospholipid. Results: We show that quantitative assessment of PS-expressing tumour exosomes detected very early-stage malignancies before clinical evidence of disease in all four model systems. Tumour exosome levels showed significant increases by day 7 after tumour implantation in the MDA-MB-231 model while palpable tumours appeared only after day 27. For the MMTV-PyMT and KIC models, tumour exosome levels increased significantly by day 49 (P⩽0.0002) and day 21 (P⩽0.001) while tumours developed only after days 60 and 40, respectively. For the KPC model, a significant increase in blood exosome levels was detected by day 70 (P=0.023) when only preinvasive lesions are microscopically detectable. Conclusions: These data indicate that blood PS exosome levels is a specific indicator of cancer and suggest that blood PS is a biomarker for early-stage malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghava Sharma
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xianming Huang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Alan J Schroit
- Harold Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, TX, USA
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18
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Oyler-Yaniv J, Oyler-Yaniv A, Shakiba M, Min NK, Chen YH, Cheng SY, Krichevsky O, Altan-Bonnet N, Altan-Bonnet G. Catch and Release of Cytokines Mediated by Tumor Phosphatidylserine Converts Transient Exposure into Long-Lived Inflammation. Mol Cell 2017; 66:635-647.e7. [PMID: 28575659 PMCID: PMC6611463 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells constantly survey the host for pathogens or tumors and secrete cytokines to alert surrounding cells of these threats. In vivo, activated immune cells secrete cytokines for several hours, yet an acute immune reaction occurs over days. Given these divergent timescales, we addressed how cytokine-responsive cells translate brief cytokine exposure into phenotypic changes that persist over long timescales. We studied melanoma cell responses to transient exposure to the cytokine interferon γ (IFNγ) by combining a systems-scale analysis of gene expression dynamics with computational modeling and experiments. We discovered that IFNγ is captured by phosphatidylserine (PS) on the surface of viable cells both in vitro and in vivo then slowly released to drive long-term transcription of cytokine-response genes. This mechanism introduces an additional function for PS in dynamically regulating inflammation across diverse cancer and primary cell types and has potential to usher in new immunotherapies targeting PS and inflammatory pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Communication
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Coculture Techniques
- Computational Biology
- Computer Simulation
- Databases, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-12/immunology
- Interleukin-12/metabolism
- Interleukin-23/immunology
- Interleukin-23/metabolism
- Janus Kinases/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Biological
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/metabolism
- Phosphatidylserines/immunology
- Phosphatidylserines/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- RAW 264.7 Cells
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/metabolism
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/immunology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Time Factors
- Transcription, Genetic
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Oyler-Yaniv
- ImmunoDynamics Group, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA; Program in Computational Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alon Oyler-Yaniv
- ImmunoDynamics Group, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Physics Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Mojdeh Shakiba
- Program in Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nina K Min
- ImmunoDynamics Group, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ying-Han Chen
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Dynamics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Oleg Krichevsky
- Physics Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; Ilse Kats Center for Nanoscience, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Nihal Altan-Bonnet
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Dynamics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Grégoire Altan-Bonnet
- ImmunoDynamics Group, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA; Program in Computational Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Program in Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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19
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Davidson B. Malignant Nonhematological Effusion Characterization by Flow Cytometry. Acta Cytol 2016; 60:365-371. [PMID: 27532128 DOI: 10.1159/000447687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the exception of hematological malignancies, flow cytometry (FC) is infrequently applied as an ancillary tool in the diagnosis of malignant effusions in most institutions. However, FC may be effectively used to differentiate between epithelial cells, mesothelial cells and leukocytes using antibodies against both cell surface and intracellular proteins, offering the advantage of quantitative analysis. Additionally, FC may be applied to the quantitative detection of cancer-associated molecules, including stem cell markers, as well as assessment of critical cellular processes, such as proliferation and apoptosis. Some of the latter tests may have relevance for monitoring treatment response in the presence of metastatic disease, although this does not constitute routine practice to date. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the application of FC to serous effusions in the diagnostic setting, as well as in research into cancer biology focusing on clinical specimens. The studies published to date suggest a role for this method in the clinical setting in the context of diagnosis, prediction and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Juhaniewicz J, Sek S. Interaction of Melittin with Negatively Charged Lipid Bilayers Supported on Gold Electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.11.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Garg AD, Romano E, Rufo N, Agostinis P. Immunogenic versus tolerogenic phagocytosis during anticancer therapy: mechanisms and clinical translation. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:938-51. [PMID: 26891691 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis of dying cells is a major homeostatic process that represents the final stage of cell death in a tissue context. Under basal conditions, in a diseased tissue (such as cancer) or after treatment with cytotoxic therapies (such as anticancer therapies), phagocytosis has a major role in avoiding toxic accumulation of cellular corpses. Recognition and phagocytosis of dying cancer cells dictate the eventual immunological consequences (i.e., tolerogenic, inflammatory or immunogenic) depending on a series of factors, including the type of 'eat me' signals. Homeostatic clearance of dying cancer cells (i.e., tolerogenic phagocytosis) tends to facilitate pro-tumorigenic processes and actively suppress antitumour immunity. Conversely, cancer cells killed by immunogenic anticancer therapies may stimulate non-homeostatic clearance by antigen-presenting cells and drive cancer antigen-directed immunity. On the other hand, (a general) inflammatory clearance of dying cancer cells could have pro-tumorigenic or antitumorigenic consequences depending on the context. Interestingly, the immunosuppressive consequences that accompany tolerogenic phagocytosis can be reversed through immune-checkpoint therapies. In the present review, we discuss the pivotal role of phagocytosis in regulating responses to anticancer therapy. We give particular attention to the role of phagocytosis following treatment with immunogenic or immune-checkpoint therapies, the clinical prognostic and predictive significance of phagocytic signals for cancer patients and the therapeutic strategies that can be employed for direct targeting of phagocytic determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Garg
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Romano
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Rufo
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Zenarruzabeitia O, Vitallé J, Eguizabal C, Simhadri VR, Borrego F. The Biology and Disease Relevance of CD300a, an Inhibitory Receptor for Phosphatidylserine and Phosphatidylethanolamine. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:5053-60. [PMID: 25980030 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The CD300a inhibitory receptor belongs to the CD300 family of cell surface molecules that regulate a diverse array of immune cell processes. The inhibitory signal of CD300a depends on the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues embedded in ITIMs of the cytoplasmic tail. CD300a is broadly expressed on myeloid and lymphoid cells, and its expression is differentially regulated depending on the cell type. The finding that CD300a recognizes phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, two aminophospholipids exposed on the outer leaflet of dead and activated cells, has shed new light on its role in the modulation of immune functions and in its participation in the host response to several diseases states, such as infectious diseases, cancer, allergy, and chronic inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes the literature on CD300a expression, regulation, signaling pathways, and ligand interaction, as well as its role in fine tuning immune cell functions and its clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joana Vitallé
- Immunopathology Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain
| | - Cristina Eguizabal
- Cell Therapy and Stem Cell Group, Basque Center for Transfusion and Human Tissues, Galdakao 48960, Spain
| | - Venkateswara R Simhadri
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research-I, Office of Biotechnology Products Review and Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993; and
| | - Francisco Borrego
- Immunopathology Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science 48903, Bilbao, Spain
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23
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Sprouse D, Reineke TM. Investigating the effects of block versus statistical glycopolycations containing primary and tertiary amines for plasmid DNA delivery. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2616-28. [PMID: 24901035 PMCID: PMC4215899 DOI: 10.1021/bm5004527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Polymer
composition and morphology can affect the way polymers
interact with biomolecules, cell membranes, and intracellular components.
Herein, diblock, triblock, and statistical polymers that varied in
charge center type (primary and/or tertiary amines) were synthesized
to elucidate the role of polymer composition on plasmid DNA complexation,
delivery, and cellular toxicity of the resultant polyplexes. The polymers
were synthesized via RAFT polymerization and were composed of a carbohydrate
moiety, 2-deoxy-2-methacrylamido glucopyranose (MAG), a primary amine
group, N-(2-aminoethyl) methacrylamide (AEMA), and/or
a tertiary amine moiety, N,N-(2-dimethylamino)ethyl
methacrylamide (DMAEMA). The lengths of both the carbohydrate and
cationic blocks were kept constant while the primary amine to tertiary
amine ratio was varied within the polymers. The polymers were characterized
via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and size exclusion chromatography
(SEC), and the polyplex formulations with pDNA were characterized
in various media using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Polyplexes
formed with the block copolymers were found to be more colloidally
stable than statistical copolymers with similar composition, which
rapidly aggregated to micrometer sized particles. Also, polymers composed
of a higher primary amine content were more colloidally stable than
polymers consisting of the tertiary amine charge centers. Plasmid
DNA internalization, transgene expression, and toxicity were examined
with each polymer. As the amount of tertiary amine in the triblock
copolymers increased, both gene expression and toxicity were found
to increase. Moreover, it was found that increasing the content of
tertiary amines imparted higher membrane disruption/destabilization.
While both block and statistical copolymers had high transfection
efficiencies, some of the statistical systems exhibited both higher
transfection and toxicity than the analogous block polymers, potentially
due to the lack of a hydrophilic block to screen membrane interaction/disruption.
Overall, the triblock terpolymers offer an attractive composition
profile that exhibited interesting properties as pDNA delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Sprouse
- University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Longuespée R, Tastet C, Desmons A, Kerdraon O, Day R, Fournier I, Salzet M. HFIP extraction followed by 2D CTAB/SDS-PAGE separation: a new methodology for protein identification from tissue sections after MALDI mass spectrometry profiling for personalized medicine research. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2014; 18:374-84. [PMID: 24841221 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2013.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) and profiling technology have become the easiest methods for quickly accessing the protein composition of a tissue area. Unfortunately, the demand for the identification of these proteins remains unmet. To overcome this bottleneck, we combined several strategies to identify the proteins detected via MALDI profiling including on-tissue protein extraction using hexafluoroIsopropanol (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol, HFIP) coupled with two-dimensional cetyl trimethylammonium bromide/sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D CTAB/SDS-PAGE) for separation followed by trypsin digestion and MALDI-MS analyses for identification. This strategy was compared with an on-tissue bottom-up strategy that we previously developed. The data reflect the complementarity of the approaches. An increase in the number of specific proteins identified has been established. This approach demonstrates the potential of adapted extraction procedures and the combination of parallel identification approaches for personalized medicine applications. The anatomical context provides important insight into identifying biomarkers and may be considered a first step for tissue-based biomarker research, as well as the extemporaneous examination of biopsies during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Longuespée
- 1 Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), MALDI Imaging Team, Université de Lille 1 , Cité Scientifique, Lille, France
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Mahalka AK, Kirkegaard T, Jukola LT, Jäättelä M, Kinnunen PK. Human heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) as a peripheral membrane protein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:1344-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lankry D, Rovis TL, Jonjic S, Mandelboim O. The interaction between CD300a and phosphatidylserine inhibits tumor cell killing by NK cells. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2151-61. [PMID: 23640773 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The activity of NK cells is controlled by inhibitory and activating receptors. The inhibitory receptors interact mostly with MHC class I proteins, however, inhibitory receptors such as CD300a, which bind to non-MHC class I ligands, also exist. Recently, it was discovered that phosphatidylserine (PS) is a ligand for CD300a and that the interaction between PS expressed on apoptotic cells and CD300a inhibits the uptake of apoptotic cells by phagocytic cells. Whether PS can inhibit NK-cell activity through CD300a is unknown. Here, we have generated specific antibodies directed against CD300a and we used these mAbs to demonstrate that various NK-cell clones express different levels of CD300a. We further demonstrated that both CD300a and its highly homologous molecule CD300c bind to the tumor cells equally well and that they recognize PS and additional unknown ligand(s) expressed by tumor cells. Finally, we showed that blocking the PS-CD300a interaction resulted in increased NK-cell killing of tumor cells. Collectively, we demonstrate a new tumor immune evasion mechanism that is mediated through the interaction between PS and CD300a and we suggest that CD300c, similarly to CD300a, also interacts with PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikla Lankry
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Chen H, Zhen Z, Todd T, Chu PK, Xie J. Nanoparticles for Improving Cancer Diagnosis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. R, REPORTS : A REVIEW JOURNAL 2013; 74:35-69. [PMID: 24068857 PMCID: PMC3779646 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the progress in developing new therapeutic modalities, cancer remains one of the leading diseases causing human mortality. This is mainly attributed to the inability to diagnose tumors in their early stage. By the time the tumor is confirmed, the cancer may have already metastasized, thereby making therapies challenging or even impossible. It is therefore crucial to develop new or to improve existing diagnostic tools to enable diagnosis of cancer in its early or even pre-syndrome stage. The emergence of nanotechnology has provided such a possibility. Unique physical and physiochemical properties allow nanoparticles to be utilized as tags with excellent sensitivity. When coupled with the appropriate targeting molecules, nanoparticle-based probes can interact with a biological system and sense biological changes on the molecular level with unprecedented accuracy. In the past several years, much progress has been made in applying nanotechnology to clinical imaging and diagnostics, and interdisciplinary efforts have made an impact on clinical cancer management. This article aims to review the progress in this exciting area with emphases on the preparation and engineering techniques that have been developed to assemble "smart" nanoprobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, 1001 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Zipeng Zhen
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, 1001 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Trever Todd
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, 1001 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Paul K. Chu
- Department of Physics & Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, 1001 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602
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Lee SJ, Cho YN, Kim TJ, Park SC, Park DJ, Jin HM, Lee SS, Kee SJ, Kim N, Yoo DH, Park YW. Natural killer T cell deficiency in active adult-onset Still's Disease: correlation of deficiency of natural killer T cells with dysfunction of natural killer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:2868-77. [PMID: 22605480 DOI: 10.1002/art.34514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the levels and functions of natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells, investigate relationships between NK and NKT cells, and determine the clinical relevance of NKT cell levels in patients with adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD). METHODS Patients with active untreated AOSD (n = 20) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 20) were studied. NK and NKT cell levels were measured by flow cytometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured in vitro with α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer). NK cytotoxicity against K562 cells and proliferation indices of NKT cells were estimated by flow cytometry. RESULTS Percentages and absolute numbers of NKT cells were significantly lower in the peripheral blood of AOSD patients than in that of healthy controls. Proliferative responses of NKT cells to αGalCer were also lower in patients, and this was found to be due to proinflammatory cytokines and NKT cell apoptosis. In addition, NK cytotoxicity was found to be significantly lower in patients than in healthy controls, but NK cell levels were comparable in the 2 groups. Notably, this NKT cell deficiency was found to be correlated with NK cell dysfunction and to reflect active disease status. Furthermore, αGalCer-mediated NK cytotoxicity, showing the interaction between NK and NKT cells, was significantly lower in AOSD patients than in healthy controls. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that NK and NKT cell functions are defective in AOSD patients and suggest that these abnormalities contribute to innate immune dysfunction in AOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ji Lee
- Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Externalization of phosphatidylserine from inner to outer layer may alter the effect of plant sterols on human erythrocyte membrane — The Langmuir monolayer studies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:2184-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Davidson B, Dong HP, Berner A, Risberg B. The diagnostic and research applications of flow cytometry in cytopathology. Diagn Cytopathol 2012; 40:525-35. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.22809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Dysfunction of natural killer T cells in patients with active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Infect Immun 2012; 80:2100-8. [PMID: 22409933 DOI: 10.1128/iai.06018-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are known to play a protective role in the immune responses of mice against a variety of infectious pathogens. However, little is known about the detailed information of NKT cells in patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The aims of this study were to examine NKT cell levels and functions in patients with active M. tuberculosis infection, to investigate relationships between NKT cell levels and clinical parameters, and to determine the mechanism responsible for the poor response to α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). NKT cell levels were significantly lower in the peripheral blood of pulmonary tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients, and the proliferative responses of NKT cells to α-GalCer were also lower in patients, whereas NKT cell levels and responses were comparable in latent tuberculosis infection subjects and healthy controls. Furthermore, this NKT cell deficiency was found to be correlated with serum C-reactive protein levels. In addition, the poor response to α-GalCer in M. tuberculosis-infected patients was found to be due to increased NKT cell apoptosis, reduced CD1d expression, and a defect in NKT cells. Notably, M. tuberculosis infection was associated with an elevated expression of the inhibitory programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor on NKT cells, and blockade of PD-1 signaling enhanced the response to α-GalCer. This study shows that NKT cell levels and functions are reduced in M. tuberculosis-infected patients and these deficiencies were found to reflect the presence of active tuberculosis.
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Chao MP, Majeti R, Weissman IL. Programmed cell removal: a new obstacle in the road to developing cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2011; 12:58-67. [PMID: 22158022 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of cancer involves mechanisms by which aberrant cells overcome normal regulatory pathways that limit their numbers and their migration. The evasion of programmed cell death is one of several key early events that need to be overcome in the progression from normal cellular homeostasis to malignant transformation. Recently, we provided evidence in mouse and human cancers that successful cancer clones must also overcome programmed cell removal. In this Opinion article, we explore the role of programmed cell removal in both normal and neoplastic cells, and we place this pathway in the context of the initiation of programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Chao
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Institute, Division of Haematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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Dong HP, Ree Rosnes AK, Bock AJ, Holth A, Flørenes VA, Trope’ CG, Risberg B, Davidson B. Flow cytometric measurement of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) in ovarian carcinoma effusions. Cytopathology 2011; 22:373-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2011.00929.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Lee BH, Kim JM, Heo SH, Mun JH, Kim J, Kim JH, Jin HY, Kim GH, Choi JH, Yoo HW. Proteomic analysis of the hepatic tissue of Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats according to the natural course of Wilson disease. Proteomics 2011; 11:3698-705. [PMID: 21751376 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Copper-induced toxicity is important in the pathogenic process of Wilson's disease (WD). Using Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats, an animal model of WD, the study was undertaken to identify proteins involved in the process of WD and to investigate their functional roles in copper-induced hepatotoxicity. In early stages, expression levels of mitochondrial matrix proteins including agmatinase, isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase, and cytochrome b5 were downregulated. As mitochondrial injuries progressed, along with subsequent apoptotic processes, expressions of malate dehydrogenase 1, annexin A5, transferrin, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, and sulfite oxidase 1 were differentially regulated. Notably, the expression of malate dehydrogenase 1 was downregulated while the annexin A5 was overexpressed in an age-dependent manner, indicating that these proteins may be involved in the WD process. In addition, pronounced under-expression of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase in elderly LEC rats, also involved in monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism, indicates that this protein might be related to the development of neurological manifestations in WD. The results of our study help to understand the pathogenic process of WD in hepatic tissues, identifying the important proteins associated with the disease process of WD, and to investigate the molecular pathogenic process underlying the development of neurological manifestations in WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom H Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Bock AJ, Dong HP, Tropé CG, Staff AC, Risberg B, Davidson B. Nucleoside transporters are widely expressed in ovarian carcinoma effusions. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 69:467-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1716-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dong HP, Holth A, Ruud MG, Emilsen E, Risberg B, Davidson B. Measurement of apoptosis in cytological specimens by flow cytometry: comparison of Annexin V, caspase cleavage and dUTP incorporation assays. Cytopathology 2010; 22:365-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2010.00811.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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