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Adu-Amankwaah F, Februarie C, Nyambo K, Maarman G, Tshililo N, Mabasa L, Mavumengwana V, Baatjies L. Cytotoxic properties, glycolytic effects and high-resolution respirometry mitochondrial activities of Eriocephalus racemosus against MDA-MB 231 triple-negative breast cancer. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:332. [PMID: 39256791 PMCID: PMC11389270 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a significant global health crisis due to its resistance to conventional therapies and lack of specific molecular targets. This study explored the potential of Eriocephalus racemosus (E. racemosus) as an alternative treatment for TNBC. The cytotoxic properties and high-resolution respirometry mitochondrial activities of E. racemosus against the MDA-MB 231 TNBC cell line were evaluated. METHODS Hexane solvent and bioactive fraction extractions of E. racemosus were performed, while mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling was used to identify the phytochemical constituents of the extracts. The extracts were further tested against MDA-MB 231 TNBC cells to determine their cytotoxicity. The mode of cell death was determined using flow cytometry. The activities of caspases 3, 8, and 9 were assessed using a multiplex activity assay kit. Glycolytic activity and High-resolution respirometry measurements of mitochondrial function in the MDA-MB 231 cell line were conducted using the Seahorse XFp and Oroboros O2K. RESULTS Metabolite profiling of E. racemosus plant crude extracts identified the presence of coumarins, flavonoids, sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, and unknown compounds. The extracts demonstrated promising cytotoxic activities, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 12.84 µg/mL for the crude hexane extract and 15.49 µg/mL for the bioactive fraction. Further, the crude hexane and bioactive fraction extracts induced apoptosis in the MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells, like the reference drug cisplatin (17.44%, 17.26% and 20.25%, respectively) compared to untreated cells. Caspase 3 activities confirmed the induction of apoptosis in both cisplatin and the plant crude extracts, while caspase 8 and 9 activities confirmed the activation of both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. Increased levels of glycolytic activity were observed in the hexane crude extract. High-resolution respiratory measurements showed elevated mitochondrial activities in all mitochondrial states except for complex-IV activity. CONCLUSION These findings support further exploration of E. racemosus as a potential therapeutic agent for TNBC, offering a promising avenue for the development of targeted treatments with minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Adu-Amankwaah
- South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Candice Februarie
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, CARMA: Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Kudakwashe Nyambo
- South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerald Maarman
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, CARMA: Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Ndivhuwo Tshililo
- South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lawrence Mabasa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Vuyo Mavumengwana
- South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lucinda Baatjies
- South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Beilankouhi EAV, Valilo M, Dastmalchi N, Teimourian S, Safaralizadeh R. The Function of Autophagy in the Initiation, and Development of Breast Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2974-2990. [PMID: 37138421 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230503145319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a significant catabolic procedure that increases in stressful conditions. This mechanism is mostly triggered after damage to the organelles, the presence of unnatural proteins, and nutrient recycling in reaction to these stresses. One of the key points in this article is that cleaning and preserving damaged organelles and accumulated molecules through autophagy in normal cells helps prevent cancer. Since dysfunction of autophagy is associated with various diseases, including cancer, it has a dual function in tumor suppression and expansion. It has newly become clear that the regulation of autophagy can be used for the treatment of breast cancer, which has a promising effect of increasing the efficiency of anticancer treatment in a tissue- and cell-type-specific manner by affecting the fundamental molecular mechanisms. Regulation of autophagy and its function in tumorigenesis is a vital part of modern anticancer techniques. This study discusses the current advances related to the mechanisms that describe essential modulators of autophagy involved in the metastasis of cancers and the development of new breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Valilo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Narges Dastmalchi
- Department of Biology, University College of Nabi Akram, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahram Teimourian
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Wang S, Lan Z, Wan X, Liu J, Wen W, Peng Y. Correlation between Baseline Conventional Ultrasounds, Shear-Wave Elastography Indicators, and Neoadjuvant Therapy Efficacy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3178. [PMID: 37891999 PMCID: PMC10605864 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)-the subtype with the poorest prognosis among breast cancers-it is crucial to assess the response to the currently widely employed neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) approaches. This study investigates the correlation between baseline conventional ultrasound (US) and shear-wave elastography (SWE) indicators and the pathological response of TNBC following NAT, with a specific focus on assessing predictive capability in the baseline state. This retrospective analysis was conducted by extracting baseline US features and SWE parameters, categorizing patients based on postoperative pathological grading. A univariate analysis was employed to determine the relationship between ultrasound indicators and pathological reactions. Additionally, we employed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and multivariate logistic regression methods to evaluate the predictive potential of the baseline US indicators. This study comprised 106 TNBC patients, with 30 (28.30%) in a nonmajor histological response (NMHR) group and 76 (71.70%) in a major histological response (MHR) group. Following the univariate analysis, we found that T staging, dmax values, volumes, margin changes, skin alterations (i.e., thickening and invasion), retromammary space invasions, and supraclavicular lymph node abnormalities were significantly associated with pathological efficacy (p < 0.05). Combining clinical information with either US or SWE independently yielded baseline predictive abilities, with AUCs of 0.816 and 0.734, respectively. Notably, the combined model demonstrated an improved AUC of 0.827, with an accuracy of 76.41%, a sensitivity of 90.47%, a specificity of 55.81%, and statistical significance (p < 0.01). The baseline US and SWE indicators for TNBC exhibited a strong relationship with NAT response, offering predictive insights before treatment initiation, to a considerable extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yulan Peng
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37, Chengdu 610041, China; (S.W.); (Z.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (W.W.)
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4
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Das PK, Siddika A, Rashel KM, Auwal A, Soha K, Rahman MA, Pillai S, Islam F. Roles of long noncoding RNA in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:20365-20379. [PMID: 37795578 PMCID: PMC10652353 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating various hallmarks in cancers. Triple-negative (Estrogen receptor, ER; Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, HER2; Progesterone receptor, PR) breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancers with a poor prognosis and no available molecular targeted therapy. METHODS We reviewed the current literature on the roles of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis, therapy resistance, and prognosis of patients with TBNC. RESULTS LncRNAs are associated with TNBC pathogenesis, therapy resistance, and prognosis. For example, lncRNAs such as small nucleolar RNA host gene 12 (SNHG12), highly upregulated in liver cancer (HULC) HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), lincRNA-regulator of reprogramming (LincRNA-ROR), etc., are aberrantly expressed in TNBC and are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. LncRNAs act as a decoy, scaffold, or sponge to regulate the expression of genes, miRNAs, and transcription factors associated with pathogenesis and progression of TNBC. Moreover, lncRNAs such as ferritin heavy chain 1 pseudogene 3 (FTH1P3), BMP/OP-responsive gene (BORG) contributes to the therapy resistance property of TNBC through activating ABCB1 (ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1) drug efflux pumps by increasing DNA repair capacity or by inducing signaling pathway involved in therapeutic resistance. CONCLUSION In this review, we outline the functions of various lncRNAs along with their molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis, therapeutic resistance of TBNC. Also, the prognostic implications of lncRNAs in patients with TNBC is illustrated. Moreover, potential strategies targeting lncRNAs against highly aggressive TNBC is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plabon Kumar Das
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyRajshahi UniversityRajshahiBangladesh
- Institute for GlycomicsGriffith UniversityGold CoastAustralia
| | - Ayesha Siddika
- Institute of Tissue Banking & Biomaterial Research, Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE) SavarDhakaBangladesh
| | - Khan Mohammad Rashel
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyRajshahi UniversityRajshahiBangladesh
| | - Abdul Auwal
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyRajshahi UniversityRajshahiBangladesh
| | - Kazi Soha
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyRajshahi UniversityRajshahiBangladesh
| | - Md. Arifur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyRajshahi UniversityRajshahiBangladesh
| | - Suja Pillai
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSaint LuciaAustralia
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyRajshahi UniversityRajshahiBangladesh
- Institute for GlycomicsGriffith UniversityGold CoastAustralia
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Taghehchian N, Lotfi M, Zangouei AS, Akhlaghipour I, Moghbeli M. MicroRNAs as the critical regulators of Forkhead box protein family during gynecological and breast tumor progression and metastasis. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:330. [PMID: 37689738 PMCID: PMC10492305 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynecological and breast tumors are one of the main causes of cancer-related mortalities among women. Despite recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, tumor relapse is observed in a high percentage of these patients due to the treatment failure. Late diagnosis in advanced tumor stages is one of the main reasons for the treatment failure and recurrence in these tumors. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the molecular mechanisms involved in progression of these tumors to introduce the efficient early diagnostic markers. Fokhead Box (FOX) is a family of transcription factors with a key role in regulation of a wide variety of cellular mechanisms. Deregulation of FOX proteins has been observed in different cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as a group of non-coding RNAs have important roles in post-transcriptional regulation of the genes involved in cellular mechanisms. They are also the non-invasive diagnostic markers due to their high stability in body fluids. Considering the importance of FOX proteins in the progression of breast and gynecological tumors, we investigated the role of miRNAs in regulation of the FOX proteins in these tumors. MicroRNAs were mainly involved in progression of these tumors through FOXM, FOXP, and FOXO. The present review paves the way to suggest a non-invasive diagnostic panel marker based on the miRNAs/FOX axis in breast and gynecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Taghehchian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Lotfi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Sadra Zangouei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Geng P, Chi Y, Yuan Y, Yang M, Zhao X, Liu Z, Liu G, Liu Y, Zhu L, Wang S. Novel chimeric antigen receptor T cell-based immunotherapy: a perspective for triple-negative breast cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1158539. [PMID: 37457288 PMCID: PMC10339351 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1158539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly aggressive and does not express estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone (PR), or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). It has a poor prognosis, and traditional endocrine and anti-HER2 targeted therapies have low efficacy against it. In contrast, surgery, radiotherapy, and/or systemic chemotherapy are relatively effective at controlling TNBC. The resistance of TNBC to currently available clinical therapies has had a significantly negative impact on its treatment outcomes. Hence, new therapeutic options are urgently required. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy is a type of immunotherapy that integrates the antigen specificity of antibodies and the tumor-killing effect of T cells. CAR-T therapy has demonstrated excellent clinical efficacy against hematological cancers. However, its efficacy against solid tumors such as TNBC is inadequate. The present review aimed to investigate various aspects of CAR-T administration as TNBC therapy. We summarized the potential therapeutic targets of CAR-T that were identified in preclinical studies and clinical trials on TNBC. We addressed the limitations of using CAR-T in the treatment of TNBC in particular and solid tumors in general and explored key strategies to overcome these impediments. Finally, we comprehensively examined the advancement of CAR-T immunotherapy as well as countermeasures that could improve its efficacy as a TNBC treatment and the prognosis of patients with this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Geng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yuhua Chi
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Maoquan Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengchun Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Therapy for Tumors in Weifang City, Department of Radiotherapy, School of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yihui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Therapy for Tumors in Weifang City, Department of Radiotherapy, School of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Therapy for Tumors in Weifang City, Department of Radiotherapy, School of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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7
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Ncube KN, Jurgens T, Steenkamp V, Cromarty AD, van den Bout I, Cordier W. Comparative Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Doxorubicin in BT-20 Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma Monolayer and Spheroid Cultures. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051484. [PMID: 37239157 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture models are increasingly adopted as preferred pre-clinical drug testing platforms, as they circumvent limitations associated with traditional monolayer cell cultures. However, many of these models are not fully characterized. This study aimed to characterize a BT-20 triple-negative breast carcinoma spheroid model and assess its susceptibility to doxorubicin in comparison to a monolayer model. Spheroids were developed using the liquid overlay method. Phenotypic attributes were analyzed by characterizing changes in size, gross morphology, protein content, metabolic activity, hypoxic status, and cell-cell junctions. The cytotoxic range of doxorubicin in monolayers was determined using the sulforhodamine B assay, and the comparative effect of toxic and sub-toxic concentrations was assessed in both spheroids and monolayers. Similar to the in vivo microenvironment, spheroids had a heterogeneous spatial cytoarchitecture, inherent hypoxia and strong adherens junctions. Doxorubicin induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity in monolayers (IC25: 130 nM, IC50: 320 nM and IC75: 1580 nM); however, these concentrations did not alter the spheroid size or acid phosphatase activity. Only concentrations ≥6 µM had any effect on spheroid integrity. In comparison to monolayers, the BT-20 spheroid model has decreased sensitivity to doxorubicin and could serve as a better model for susceptibility testing in triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith N Ncube
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Tamarin Jurgens
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Vanessa Steenkamp
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Allan D Cromarty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Iman van den Bout
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Werner Cordier
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
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Darbeheshti F, Mansoori Y, Azizi-Tabesh G, Zolfaghari F, Kadkhoda S, Rasti A, Rezaei N, Shakoori A. Evaluation of Circ_0000977-Mediated Regulatory Network in Breast Cancer: A Potential Discriminative Biomarker for Triple-Negative Tumors. Biochem Genet 2023:10.1007/s10528-023-10331-x. [PMID: 36645554 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous investigations have revealed that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play pivotal roles in cancer development and progression by participating in several biological procedures, such as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. Recently, circRNAs have been proposed as non-invasive, stable, and affordable cell-free biomarkers for cancer screening and test monitoring. Although, their clinical usefulness vastly remains to be evaluated in breast cancer (BC). Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), as the most challenging BC subtype, is an urgent requirement of identifying specific biomarkers and discovering the molecular mechanisms that lead to aggressive behaviors of tumor cells. The therapeutic strategies for TN patients have remained limited due to the impracticality of endocrine therapies and a remarkable portion of patients with TNBC experience recurrence, chemoresistance, and metastasis. TNBC Microarray expression profile analysis found that circ_0000977 is one of the most dysregulated circRNA in TNBC in comparison with non-TNBC. It could be a clue referring to the potential clinical utility of circ_0000977 in TNBC. The current study aims to assess the clinical implications and potential ceRNA regulatory network of circ_0000977 in TNBC. We confirmed circ_0000977 down-regulation in TNBC cell lines and tumors versus non-TNBC samples by real-time PCR. Subsequently, an assessment of the diagnostic value of circ_0000977 in plasma samples from triple-negative patients revealed a potential diagnostic cell-free biomarker in triple-negative BC. Finally, our integrative approach uncovered potential circ-0000977/miR-135b-5p/mRNAs regulatory network in TNBC. The inhibitory effect of miR-135b-5p on its downstream mRNAs was assessed by knocking down it in MDA-MB-231 cells. Functional and correlation analyses revealed APC and GATA3 could be regulated by circ_0000977/miR-135b-5p ceRNA axis, which presents valuable insight into circ-0000977-mediated gene silencing involved in the ceRNA network of TNBC. This study uncovered the potential clinical implication of circ_0000977 for the diagnosis and treatment of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Darbeheshti
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Medical Genetics Network (MeGeNe), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Mansoori
- Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ghasem Azizi-Tabesh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Zolfaghari
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Kadkhoda
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Rasti
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Shakoori
- Medical Genetic Ward, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran. .,Breast Disease Research Center (BDRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Ferreira KCB, Valle ABCDS, Gualberto ACM, Aleixo DT, Silva LM, Santos MM, Costa DDS, Oliveira LL, Gameiro J, Tavares GD, da Silva Filho AA, Corrêa JODA, Pittella F. Kaurenoic acid nanocarriers regulates cytokine production and inhibit breast cancer cell migration. J Control Release 2022; 352:712-725. [PMID: 36374787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the type of cancer with the highest incidence in women around the world. Noteworthy, the triple-negative subtype affects 20% of the patients while presenting the highest death rate among subtypes. This is due to its aggressive phenotype and the capability of invading other tissues. In general, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and other immune cells, are responsible for maintaining a favorable tumor microenvironment for inflammation and metastasis by secreting several mediators such as pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, chemokines like CCL2, and other proteins, as metalloproteinases of matrix (MMP). On the other hand, immunomodulatory agents can interfere in the immune response of TAM and change the disease prognosis. In this work, we prepared nanostructured lipid carriers containing kaurenoic acid (NLC-KA) to evaluate the effect on cytokine production in vitro of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and the migratory process of 4 T1 breast cancer cells. NLC-KA prepared from a blend of natural lipids was shown to have approximately 90 nm in diameter with low polydispersity index. To test the effect on cytokine production in vitro in NLC-KA treated BMDM, ELISA assay was performed and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were quantified. The formulation reduced the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α cytokines while presenting no hemolytic activity. Noteworthy, an anti-migratory effect in 4 T1 breast cancer cells treated with NLC-KA was observed in scratch assays. Further, MMP9 and CCL2 gene expressions in both BMDM and 4 T1 treated cells confirmed that the mechanism of inhibition of migration is related to the blockade of this pathway by KA. Finally, cell invasion assays confirmed that NLC-KA treatment resulted in less invasiveness of 4 T1 cells than control, and it is independent of CCL2 stimulus or BMDM direct stimulus. Ultimately, NLC-KA was able to regulate the cytokine production in vitro and reduce the migration of 4 T1 breast cancer cells by decreasing MMP9 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kézia Cristine Barbosa Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cristina Moura Gualberto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Davi Trombini Aleixo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lívia Mara Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Milena Maciel Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danilo de Souza Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ludmilla Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jacy Gameiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Diniz Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ademar Alves da Silva Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Otávio do Amaral Corrêa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Frederico Pittella
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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10
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Escudero Mendez L, Srinivasan M, Hamouda RK, Ambedkar B, Arzoun H, Sahib I, Fondeur J, Mohammed L. Evaluation of CD44+/CD24- and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Enzyme Markers in Cancer Stem Cells as Prognostic Indicators for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cureus 2022; 14:e28056. [PMID: 36120232 PMCID: PMC9476834 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been extensively studied not just for its aggressive behavior but also to understand its complex molecular nature. This type of heterogeneous tumor shows no expression of estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR) and does not express the HER2 gene, and often these tumors are high grade with distinct histological groups. The basal-like subtype is most commonly related to the TNBC type of neoplasms; it can be further classified according to Lehmann and Burstein expert’s criteria. TNBC is related to breast stem cell markers such as CD44+/CD24- and high levels of enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which have been shown to possess stem cell features that are involved in differentiation, vascular invasion, tumorigenesis, and metastatic potential. CD44+/CD24- and high levels of ALDH have significance as markers as well as indicators of poor prognosis in TNBC. The databases used in this review are PMC, PubMed, and Google Scholar.
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11
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Ruiz-Martinez A, Gong C, Wang H, Sové RJ, Mi H, Kimko H, Popel AS. Simulations of tumor growth and response to immunotherapy by coupling a spatial agent-based model with a whole-patient quantitative systems pharmacology model. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010254. [PMID: 35867773 PMCID: PMC9348712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models and spatial agent-based models (ABM) are powerful and efficient approaches for the analysis of biological systems and for clinical applications. Although QSP models are becoming essential in discovering predictive biomarkers and developing combination therapies through in silico virtual trials, they are inadequate to capture the spatial heterogeneity and randomness that characterize complex biological systems, and specifically the tumor microenvironment. Here, we extend our recently developed spatial QSP (spQSP) model to analyze tumor growth dynamics and its response to immunotherapy at different spatio-temporal scales. In the model, the tumor spatial dynamics is governed by the ABM, coupled to the QSP model, which includes the following compartments: central (blood system), tumor, tumor-draining lymph node, and peripheral (the rest of the organs and tissues). A dynamic recruitment of T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) from the QSP central compartment has been implemented as a function of the spatial distribution of cancer cells. The proposed QSP-ABM coupling methodology enables the spQSP model to perform as a coarse-grained model at the whole-tumor scale and as an agent-based model at the regions of interest (ROIs) scale. Thus, we exploit the spQSP model potential to characterize tumor growth, identify T cell hotspots, and perform qualitative and quantitative descriptions of cell density profiles at the invasive front of the tumor. Additionally, we analyze the effects of immunotherapy at both whole-tumor and ROI scales under different tumor growth and immune response conditions. A digital pathology computational analysis of triple-negative breast cancer specimens is used as a guide for modeling the immuno-architecture of the invasive front.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Ruiz-Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chang Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hanwen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Sové
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Haoyang Mi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Holly Kimko
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aleksander S. Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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12
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13
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Dewi C, Fristiohady A, Amalia R, Bunggulawa EJ, Muchtaridi M. Alpha-mangostin as an inhibitor of GSK3β in triple-negative breast cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-7. [PMID: 35465844 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2068074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subtype that does not express the estrogen receptor, the progesterone receptor, or the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and that is characterized by high invasiveness, high metastatic potential, and poor prognosis. TNBC lacks receptors and hence cannot be treated by using targeted therapies; as such, the therapeutic potential of Indonesian herbal plants against this disease is worth exploring. Herein, we explore the molecular docking and the molecular dynamics simulations of α-mangostin on glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β; PDB ID: 4ACC). Our findings reveal that α-mangostin has a weaker binding affinity to GSK3β than the native ligand (-8.22 kcal/mol), while the latter binds to GSK3β with a stronger binding affinity of -8.92 kcal/mol. According to the binding site analysis, the hydrogen bonds of the native ligand on Asp133 and Arg141, while α-mangostin only appeared to form a hydrogen bond on the enzyme's Asp133. On the other hand, α-mangostin shares similar docking sites with the native ligand (namely, Ile62, Phe67, Val70, and Thr138), thus leading to the conclusion that the native ligand and α-mangostin might share a similar molecular mechanism. The molecular dynamics simulation by using the molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann and surface area (MM-PBSA) calculations' method shows that α-mangostin maintains a better affinity (with a value of ΔGTotal at -114.463 kJ/mol) as compared with the native ligand (with a respective ΔGTotal value of -75.158 kJ/mol). Our findings are suggestive of α-mangostin possessing a valuable potential as an anti-TNBC agent through GSK3β inhibition.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citra Dewi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Mandala Waluya University, Kendari, Indonesia
| | - Adryan Fristiohady
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Halu Oleo University, Kampus Hijau Bumi Tridharma, Kendari, Indonesia
| | - Riezki Amalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Edwin J Bunggulawa
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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14
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Liman AA, Kabir B, Abubakar M, Abdullahi S, Ahmed SA, Shehu SM. Triple-negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) and Its Luminal Androgen Receptor (LAR) Subtype: A Clinicopathologic Review of Cases in a University Hospital in Northwestern Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:97-104. [PMID: 35046202 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_437_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignancy; the most frequent in Nigeria. BC characteristically exhibits great biologic diversity. Amongst its variants, the triple-negative subtype is also characterized by heterogeneity (thus making it a study in diversity within diversity) and also by some unique clinicopathologic features including clinical aggressiveness, lack of response to current targeted therapies, and tendency to cluster amongst young premenopausal women especially in populations of women of African ancestry. Aims The objective of this study was to conduct a retrospective clinicopathologic survey of all breast carcinomas to profile the triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) amongst them and illustrate their immunohistochemical pattern of luminal androgen receptors (LARs) expression. Patients and Methods All the cases entered into the departmental records as breast carcinomas over the study period were extracted including patients' request cards, hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides, and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of those diagnosed as triple-negative cancers. These were immunohistochemically stained using a monoclonal antibody for androgen receptor (AR). The whole data were analyzed and presented in tabular formats. Results A total of 660 breast carcinomas of which 89 (13.48%) cases were identified as TNBCs with a mean age of occurrence of 42.89 ± 11.88 years. Most TNBCs (95.5%) were carcinoma no special type and 61.8% had low or intermediate histologic grading. LAR expression was noted in 11.24% of the TNBCs. Conclusion Triple-negative cancer in this study shares some of the known characteristics but also portrays some divergence from the commonly described features.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Liman
- Department of Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - B Kabir
- Department of Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - M Abubakar
- Department of Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - S Abdullahi
- Department of Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - S A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - S M Shehu
- Department of Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
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15
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Regulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 527:41-48. [PMID: 34902523 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer (BCa) in which estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) are not expressed. Although TNBC cases account for approximately 15% of all BCa cases, TNBC patients' prognosis is poor compared with that of other BCa subtypes. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) plays an important role in cell proliferation and migration by negatively regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. PTEN is one of the most commonly inactivated tumor suppressors in BCa. PTEN inactivity is associated with larger tumor sizes, multiple lymph node metastases, and an aggressive triple-negative phenotype. This review primarily focuses on two key points: (1) PTEN and its function. (2) The regulation of tumor suppressor PTEN in TNBC. We provide a summary of genomic alterations of PTEN in BCa. We further discuss the transcriptional regulation of PTEN and how PTEN is regulated by posttranscription and posttranslational modification, as well as by protein interactions. Finally, we discuss the perspectives of the PTEN protein in TNBC.
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16
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McGarry DJ, Armstrong G, Castino G, Mason S, Clark W, Shaw R, McGarry L, Blyth K, Olson MF. MICAL1 regulates actin cytoskeleton organization, directional cell migration and the growth of human breast cancer cells as orthotopic xenograft tumours. Cancer Lett 2021; 519:226-236. [PMID: 34314753 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The Molecule Interacting with CasL 1 (MICAL1) monooxygenase has emerged as an important regulator of cytoskeleton organization via actin oxidation. Although filamentous actin (F-actin) increases MICAL1 monooxygenase activity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is also generated in the absence of F-actin, suggesting that diffusible H2O2 might have additional functions. MICAL1 gene disruption by CRISPR/Cas9 in MDA MB 231 human breast cancer cells knocked out (KO) protein expression, which affected F-actin organization, cell size and motility. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that MICAL1 deletion significantly affected the expression of over 700 genes, with the majority being reduced in their expression levels. In addition, the absolute magnitudes of reduced gene expression were significantly greater than the magnitudes of increased gene expression. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified receptor regulator activity as the most significant negatively enriched molecular function gene set. The prominent influence exerted by MICAL1 on F-actin structures was also associated with changes in the expression of several serum-response factor (SRF) regulated genes in KO cells. Moreover, MICAL1 disruption attenuated breast cancer tumour growth in vivo. Elevated MICAL1 gene expression was observed in invasive breast cancer samples from human patients relative to normal tissue, while MICAL1 amplification or point mutations were associated with reduced progression free survival. Collectively, these results demonstrate that MICAL1 gene disruption altered cytoskeleton organization, cell morphology and migration, gene expression, and impaired tumour growth in an orthotopic in vivo breast cancer model, suggesting that pharmacological MICAL1 inhibition could have therapeutic benefits for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J McGarry
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Garett Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giovanni Castino
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Mason
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Robin Shaw
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lynn McGarry
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael F Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Gharaibeh L, Alshaer W, Wehaibi S, Al Buqain R, Alqudah DA, Al-Kadash A, Al-Azzawi H, Awidi A, Bustanji Y. Fabrication of aptamer-guided siRNA loaded lipopolyplexes for gene silencing of notch 1 in MDA-mb-231 triple negative breast cancer cell line. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Balkrishna A, Mittal R, Arya V. Unveiling Novel Therapeutic Drug Targets and Prognostic Markers of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:907-918. [PMID: 34503412 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210908113010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer represents multiple genomic and transcriptomic heterogeneities. Genetic and epigenetic changes emerging in TNBC help it in acquiring resistance against immunological response. Distant metastasis, lack of clinically targeted therapies and prognostic markers make it the most aggressive form of breast cancer. In this review, we showed that driver alterations in targeted genes AR, ERR, TIL, TAM, miRNA, mTOR and immunosuppressive cytokines are predominantly involved in complicating TNBC by inducing cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, and by inhibiting apoptosis. The role of node status, cathepsin-D, Ki-67 index, CD3+TIL, BRCA1 promoter methylation value and p53 as an efficient prognostic factor have also been studied to predict the disease free and overall survival rate in TNBC patients. The present review article is an attempt to gain an insight with a new vision on the etiology of TNBC, its treatment strategies and prognostic marker to identify the outcome of standard therapies and to re-design future treatment strategies to provide maximum benefit to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar. India
| | - Rashmi Mittal
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar. India
| | - Vedpriya Arya
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar. India
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Zhang S, Rauch GM, Adrada BE, Boge M, Mohamed RMM, Abdelhafez AH, Son JB, Sun J, Elshafeey NA, White JB, Musall BC, Miyoshi M, Wang X, Kotrotsou A, Wei P, Hwang KP, Ma J, Pagel MD. Assessment of Early Response to Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Using Amide Proton Transfer-weighted Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MRI: A Pilot Study. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2021; 3:e200155. [PMID: 34477453 PMCID: PMC8489465 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.2021200155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To determine if amide proton transfer-weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer (APTW CEST) MRI is useful in the early assessment of treatment response in persons with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Materials and Methods In this prospective study, a total of 51 participants (mean age, 51 years [range, 26-79 years]) with TNBC were included who underwent APTW CEST MRI with 0.9- and 2.0-µT saturation power performed at baseline, after two cycles (C2), and after four cycles (C4) of neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST). Imaging was performed between January 31, 2019, and November 11, 2019, and was a part of a clinical trial (registry number NCT02744053). CEST MR images were analyzed using two methods-magnetic transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) and Lorentzian line shape fitting. The APTW CEST signals at baseline, C2, and C4 were compared for 51 participants to evaluate the saturation power levels and analysis methods. The APTW CEST signals and their changes during NAST were then compared for the 26 participants with pathology reports for treatment response assessment. Results A significant APTW CEST signal decrease was observed during NAST when acquisition at 0.9-µT saturation power was paired with Lorentzian line shape fitting analysis and when the acquisition at 2.0 µT was paired with MTRasym analysis. Using 0.9-µT saturation power and Lorentzian line shape fitting, the APTW CEST signal at C2 was significantly different from baseline in participants with pathologic complete response (pCR) (3.19% vs 2.43%; P = .03) but not with non-pCR (2.76% vs 2.50%; P > .05). The APTW CEST signal change was not significant between pCR and non-pCR at all time points. Conclusion Quantitative APTW CEST MRI depended on optimizing acquisition saturation powers and analysis methods. APTW CEST MRI monitored treatment effects but did not differentiate participants with TNBC who had pCR from those with non-pCR. © RSNA, 2021 Clinical trial registration no. NCT02744053 Supplemental material is available for this article.Keywords Molecular Imaging-Cancer, Molecular Imaging-Clinical Translation, MR-Imaging, Breast, Technical Aspects, Tumor Response, Technology Assessment.
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Bissanum R, Chaichulee S, Kamolphiwong R, Navakanitworakul R, Kanokwiroon K. Molecular Classification Models for Triple Negative Breast Cancer Subtype Using Machine Learning. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11090881. [PMID: 34575658 PMCID: PMC8472680 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks well-defined molecular targets and is highly heterogenous, making treatment challenging. Using gene expression analysis, TNBC has been classified into four different subtypes: basal-like immune-activated (BLIA), basal-like immune-suppressed (BLIS), mesenchymal (MES), and luminal androgen receptor (LAR). However, there is currently no standardized method for classifying TNBC subtypes. We attempted to define a gene signature for each subtype, and to develop a classification method based on machine learning (ML) for TNBC subtyping. In these experiments, gene expression microarray data for TNBC patients were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes unique to 198 known TNBC cases were identified and selected as a training gene set to train in seven different classification models. We produced a training set consisting of 719 DEGs selected from uniquely expressed genes of all four subtypes. The highest average accuracy of classification of the BLIA, BLIS, MES, and LAR subtypes was achieved by the SVM algorithm (accuracy 95–98.8%; AUC 0.99–1.00). For model validation, we used 334 samples of unknown TNBC subtypes, of which 97 (29.04%), 73 (21.86%), 39 (11.68%) and 59 (17.66%) were predicted to be BLIA, BLIS, MES, and LAR, respectively. However, 66 TNBC samples (19.76%) could not be assigned to any subtype. These samples contained only three upregulated genes (EN1, PROM1, and CCL2). Each TNBC subtype had a unique gene expression pattern, which was confirmed by identification of DEGs and pathway analysis. These results indicated that our training gene set was suitable for development of classification models, and that the SVM algorithm could classify TNBC into four unique subtypes. Accurate and consistent classification of the TNBC subtypes is essential for personalized treatment and prognosis of TNBC.
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21
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Chahin M, Chhatrala H, Krishnan N, Brow D, Zuberi L. Triple-Negative Lobular Breast Cancer Causing Hydronephrosis. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2021; 8:2324709620905954. [PMID: 32043897 PMCID: PMC7013110 DOI: 10.1177/2324709620905954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading malignancy and the second most common cause of
mortality in women. Although there have been advances in identifying biomarkers
as potential targets for therapy, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) continues
to have a poorer prognosis than the other receptor subtypes. The most common
sites of metastasis are bone, liver, lung, and brain. We present a patient with
known TNBC presenting with nausea and vomiting in whom computed tomography
revealed a right-side pelvic mass causing hydronephrosis. Biopsy was consistent
with TNBC of the ureter, an unusual site for breast cancer involvement. She
required ureteral stent placement to relieve obstruction and has had good
response to paclitaxel. Hydronephrosis due to malignancy presents significant
risk of morbidity and mortality due to compromised renal function and must be
resolved promptly to avoid compromise of renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Darren Brow
- University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Lara Zuberi
- University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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22
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Umar SM, Patra S, Kashyap A, Dev J R A, Kumar L, Prasad CP. Quercetin Impairs HuR-Driven Progression and Migration of Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Cells. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1497-1510. [PMID: 34278888 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1952628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we have explored the prognostic value of HuR gene as well as protein in breast cancers. Furthermore, we have also investigated the HuR therapeutic relevance in TNBCs, which is an aggressive breast cancer subtype. Using an online meta-analysis tool, we found that HuR protein overexpression positively correlates with reduced overall survival of TNBC patients (p = 0.028). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the TNBC breast cancer cell lines i.e., MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 are good model systems to study HuR protein, as they both exhibit a significant amount of cytoplasmic HuR (active form). Quercetin treatment significantly inhibited the cytoplasmic HuR in both TNBC cell lines. By using specific HuR siRNA, we established that quercetin-mediated inhibition of adhesion and migration of TNBC cells is dependent on HuR. Upon analyzing adhesion proteins i.e., β-catenin and CD44, we found that quercetin mediated effect on TNBC adhesion and migration was through the HuR-β-catenin axis and CD44, independently. Overall, the present results demonstrate that elevated HuR levels are associated with TNBC progression and relapse, and the ability of quercetin to inhibit cytoplasmic HuR protein provides a rationale for using it as an anticancer agent for the treatment of aggressive TNBCs.Supplemental data for this article is available online at at 10.1080/01635581.2021.1952628.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sushmita Patra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. BRA IRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Kashyap
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. BRA IRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. BRA IRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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Hsu MY, Hsieh CH, Huang YT, Chu SY, Chen CM, Lee WJ, Liu SJ. Enhanced Paclitaxel Efficacy to Suppress Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression Using Metronomic Chemotherapy with a Controlled Release System of Electrospun Poly-d-l-Lactide-Co-Glycolide (PLGA) Nanofibers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133350. [PMID: 34283075 PMCID: PMC8268060 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) relies on chemotherapy. To improve the efficacy of chemotherapy and avoid systemic toxicity, metronomic chemotherapy using continuous administration of low-dose chemotherapy could be a solution. The paclitaxel-loaded PLGA nanofibers allow for continuous and prolonged drug release, which is compatible with the concept of metronomic chemotherapy. The animal study revealed that the strategy successfully inhibited the growth of the primary tumor and distant metastasis without sarcopenia. These data offer new insights into the role of drug-loaded nanofibers in the treatment of metastatic TNBC. Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly aggressive and responds poorly to conventional chemotherapy. The challenge of TNBC therapy is to maximize the efficacies of conventional chemotherapeutic agents and reduce their toxicities. Metronomic chemotherapy using continuous low-dose chemotherapy has been proposed as a new treatment option, but this approach is limited by the selection of drugs. To improve antitumor therapeutic effects, we developed electrospun paclitaxel-loaded poly-d-l-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) nanofibers as a topical implantable delivery device for controlled drug release and site-specific treatment. The subcutaneously implanted paclitaxel-loaded nanofibrous membrane in mice was compatible with the concept of metronomic chemotherapy; it significantly enhanced antitumor activity, inhibited local tumor growth, constrained distant metastasis, and prolonged survival compared with intraperitoneal paclitaxel injection. Furthermore, under paclitaxel-loaded nanofiber treatment, systemic toxicity was low with a persistent increase in lean body weight in mice; in contrast, body weight decreased in other groups. The paclitaxel-loaded nanofibrous membranes provided sustained drug release and site-specific treatment by directly targeting and changing the tumor microenvironment, resulting in low systemic toxicity and a significant improvement in the therapeutic effect and safety compared with conventional chemotherapy. Thus, metronomic chemotherapy with paclitaxel-loaded nanofibrous membranes offers a promising strategy for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yi Hsu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (M.-Y.H.); (Y.-T.H.); (S.-Y.C.); (C.-M.C.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Hsieh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, En-Chu-Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 23741, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (M.-Y.H.); (Y.-T.H.); (S.-Y.C.); (C.-M.C.)
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Yu Chu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (M.-Y.H.); (Y.-T.H.); (S.-Y.C.); (C.-M.C.)
| | - Chien-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (M.-Y.H.); (Y.-T.H.); (S.-Y.C.); (C.-M.C.)
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11695, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-J.L.); (S.-J.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2930-7930 (ext. 2551/2547) (W.-J.L.); +886-3-2118166 (S.-J.L.)
| | - Shih-Jung Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-J.L.); (S.-J.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2930-7930 (ext. 2551/2547) (W.-J.L.); +886-3-2118166 (S.-J.L.)
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Bäuerle T, Gupta S, Zheng S, Seyler L, Leporati A, Marosfoi M, Maschauer S, Prante O, Caravan P, Bogdanov A. Multimodal Bone Metastasis-associated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Imaging in an Orthotopic Rat Model. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2021; 3:e200069. [PMID: 34170199 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.2021200069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To develop multimodality imaging techniques for measuring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a therapy-relevant and metastasis-associated molecular marker in triple-negative mammary adenocarcinoma metastases. Materials and Methods An orthotopic bone metastasis EGFR-positive, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) model in rats was used for bioluminescence imaging, SPECT/CT, PET/CT, and MRI with quantitative analysis of transcripts (n = 22 rats). Receptor-specific MRI of EGFR expression in vivo was performed by acquiring spin-echo T1-weighted images after sequential administration of a pair of anti-EGFR antigen binding fragments, F(ab')2, conjugated to either horseradish peroxidase or glucose oxidase, which have complementing activities, as well as paramagnetic (gadolinium[III]-mono-5-hydroxytryptamide of 2,2',2''-(10-(2,6-dioxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triyl)triacetic acid, or Gd-5HT-DOTAGA) or positron-emitting (gallium 68-5HT-DOTAGA) substrates for MRI and PET/CT imaging, respectively. EGFR expression was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analyses to compare with image findings. Results After surgical intraarterial delivery of TNBC cells, rats developed tumors that diverged into either rapidly growing osteolytic or slow-growing nonosteolytic tumors. Both tumor types showed receptor-specific initial MRI signal enhancement (contrast-to-noise ratio) that was three to six times higher than that of normal bone marrow (29.4 vs 4.9; P < .01). Micro PET/CT imaging of EGFR expression demonstrated a high level of heterogeneity with regional uptake of the tracer, which corresponded to region-of-interest MRI signal intensity elevation (121.1 vs 93.3; P < .001). Analysis of metastases with corroboration of imaging results showed high levels of EGFR protein and messenger RNA, or mRNA, expression in the invasive tumor. Conclusion Convergence of multimodal molecular receptor imaging enabled comprehensive assessment of EGFR overexpression in an orthotopic model of TNBC metastasis. Keywords: Animal Studies, Molecular Imaging-Cancer, MR-Contrast Agent, Radionuclide Studies, Skeletal-Appendicular, Metastases Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bäuerle
- From the Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany (T.B., L.S.); Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes, Department of Radiology (S.G., A.L., A.B.), and Advanced MRI Center and New England Center for Stroke Research, Department of Radiology (S.Z., M.M.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave North, S6-434, Worcester, MA 01655; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany (S.M., O.P.); A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (P.C.); and A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation (A.B.)
| | - Suresh Gupta
- From the Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany (T.B., L.S.); Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes, Department of Radiology (S.G., A.L., A.B.), and Advanced MRI Center and New England Center for Stroke Research, Department of Radiology (S.Z., M.M.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave North, S6-434, Worcester, MA 01655; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany (S.M., O.P.); A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (P.C.); and A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation (A.B.)
| | - Shaokuan Zheng
- From the Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany (T.B., L.S.); Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes, Department of Radiology (S.G., A.L., A.B.), and Advanced MRI Center and New England Center for Stroke Research, Department of Radiology (S.Z., M.M.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave North, S6-434, Worcester, MA 01655; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany (S.M., O.P.); A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (P.C.); and A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation (A.B.)
| | - Lisa Seyler
- From the Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany (T.B., L.S.); Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes, Department of Radiology (S.G., A.L., A.B.), and Advanced MRI Center and New England Center for Stroke Research, Department of Radiology (S.Z., M.M.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave North, S6-434, Worcester, MA 01655; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany (S.M., O.P.); A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (P.C.); and A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation (A.B.)
| | - Anita Leporati
- From the Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany (T.B., L.S.); Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes, Department of Radiology (S.G., A.L., A.B.), and Advanced MRI Center and New England Center for Stroke Research, Department of Radiology (S.Z., M.M.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave North, S6-434, Worcester, MA 01655; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany (S.M., O.P.); A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (P.C.); and A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation (A.B.)
| | - Miklos Marosfoi
- From the Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany (T.B., L.S.); Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes, Department of Radiology (S.G., A.L., A.B.), and Advanced MRI Center and New England Center for Stroke Research, Department of Radiology (S.Z., M.M.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave North, S6-434, Worcester, MA 01655; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany (S.M., O.P.); A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (P.C.); and A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation (A.B.)
| | - Simone Maschauer
- From the Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany (T.B., L.S.); Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes, Department of Radiology (S.G., A.L., A.B.), and Advanced MRI Center and New England Center for Stroke Research, Department of Radiology (S.Z., M.M.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave North, S6-434, Worcester, MA 01655; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany (S.M., O.P.); A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (P.C.); and A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation (A.B.)
| | - Olaf Prante
- From the Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany (T.B., L.S.); Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes, Department of Radiology (S.G., A.L., A.B.), and Advanced MRI Center and New England Center for Stroke Research, Department of Radiology (S.Z., M.M.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave North, S6-434, Worcester, MA 01655; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany (S.M., O.P.); A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (P.C.); and A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation (A.B.)
| | - Peter Caravan
- From the Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany (T.B., L.S.); Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes, Department of Radiology (S.G., A.L., A.B.), and Advanced MRI Center and New England Center for Stroke Research, Department of Radiology (S.Z., M.M.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave North, S6-434, Worcester, MA 01655; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany (S.M., O.P.); A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (P.C.); and A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation (A.B.)
| | - Alexei Bogdanov
- From the Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany (T.B., L.S.); Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes, Department of Radiology (S.G., A.L., A.B.), and Advanced MRI Center and New England Center for Stroke Research, Department of Radiology (S.Z., M.M.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave North, S6-434, Worcester, MA 01655; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany (S.M., O.P.); A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (P.C.); and A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation (A.B.)
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Wijesinghe HD, Fernando J, Senarath U, Wijesinghe GK, S Lokuhetty MD. A clinicopathological study of triple-negative breast carcinoma in a patient cohort from a tertiary care center in Sri Lanka. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2021; 63:388-396. [PMID: 32769327 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_657_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) and basal-like breast carcinoma (BLBC) are subtypes of breast carcinoma (BCa) that are associated with poor survival. Aims To study the prevalence, clinicopathological profile and survival of TNBC among a Sri Lankan patient cohort and to determine the proportion and predictive histological features of BLBC among TNBCs. Study Setting and Design A cohort of 221 women undergoing primary surgery for BCa at a tertiary-care center in Sri Lanka was studied. Materials and Methods Clinicopathological and follow-up information were collected by patient interviews and review of slides and clinical records. Estrogen, progesterone, HER2 receptors, and basal markers (CK5/6, CK14, EGFR, 34βE12) were evaluated immunohistochemically. Statistical Analysis Data was analyzed with Chi-square test, multinomial logistic regression, and Cox regression using SPSS20.0. Results Fifty-three (24%) tumors were triple-negative (95%CI = 18.37%-29.63%). On multivariate analysis, young age (P = 0.002), high Nottingham grade (P = 0.005), moderate to severe tumor necrosis (P = 0.004), absent ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (P = 0.04), reduced vascular density at tumor edge (P = 0.016) and distinct cell margins (P = 0.047) predicted TNBC over luminal subgroups, whereas reduced vascular density (P = 0.004) and low TNM stage (P = 0.011) distinguished TNBC and HER2. BLBC accounted for 45.28% (95%CI 32.66%-58.55%-24/53) of TNBC. The presence of extensive necrosis in TNBC correlated significantly with BLBC (P = 0.03). The survival among the TNBC subgroup did not differ significantly from other subgroups. Conclusion Twenty four percent were TNBCs by immunohistochemical analysis, comparable to studies in the Indian subcontinent, however higher than the West. TNBC status correlated with younger age, high tumor grade, necrosis, absent DCIS, reduced vascular density at tumor edge, and distinct cell margins. The presence of moderate to extensive necrosis in TNBC was predictive of BLBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janakie Fernando
- Department of Pathology, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
| | - Upul Senarath
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Gayani K Wijesinghe
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in different molecular subtypes of canine mammary carcinoma. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:197. [PMID: 34034728 PMCID: PMC8152340 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular-based classification of canine mammary carcinomas (CMCs) has been the focus of much current research. Both in canines and humans, the triple-negative (TN) molecular subtype of mammary cancer is defined by a lack of expression of progesterone receptor (PR), oestrogen receptor (ER) and HER2. It has a poor prognosis; no effective targeted therapy is available. Vitamin D displays anticarcinogenic properties, and the expression of its receptor (VDR) has been found in different molecular subtypes, being about 30-40 % of TN breast cancer (TNBC) positive to it. We assessed the VDR expression in the different molecular subtypes of 58 CMCs from 45 female dogs using an immunohistochemical panel for the molecular classification of included: PR, ER, HER2, cytokeratin (CK) 5, CK14, and Ki67. In addition, we studied the relationship among the molecular subtypes of CMCs and clinicopathologic parameters. RESULTS Investigation showed VDR positivity in 45.0 % of the triple-negative CMCs (TNCMCs), 27.3 % of luminal B and 19.0 % of luminal A. Luminal A was the most molecular subtype represented of the total tumours (36.2 %), followed of TNCMCs (34.5 %), luminal B (20.7 %) and HER2-overexpression (10.3 %). Both HER2-overexpression and TNCMC subtypes were positively related to lymphatic invasion (P = 0.028), simple histologic subtype (P = 0.007), a higher histological grade (P = 0.045) and a trend to higher proliferation index (P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS The highest VDR expression was observed in TNCMC, being almost half of them (45 %) positive to this receptor. VDR expression was absent in HER2-overexpression tumours and low in luminal A and B molecular subtypes.
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Adrada BE, Candelaria R, Moulder S, Thompson A, Wei P, Whitman GJ, Valero V, Litton JK, Santiago L, Scoggins ME, Moseley TW, White JB, Ravenberg EE, Yang WT, Rauch GM. Early ultrasound evaluation identifies excellent responders to neoadjuvant systemic therapy among patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer 2021; 127:2880-2887. [PMID: 33878210 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneity exists in the response of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to standard anthracycline (AC)/taxane-based neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST), with 40% to 50% of patients having a pathologic complete response (pCR) to therapy. Early assessment of the imaging response during NAST may identify a subset of TNBCs that are likely to have a pCR upon completion of treatment. The authors aimed to evaluate the performance of early ultrasound (US) after 2 cycles of neoadjuvant NAST in identifying excellent responders to NAST among patients with TNBC. METHODS Two hundred fifteen patients with TNBC were enrolled in the ongoing ARTEMIS (A Robust TNBC Evaluation Framework to Improve Survival) clinical trial. The patients were divided into a discovery cohort (n = 107) and a validation cohort (n = 108). A receiver operating characteristic analysis with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and a multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to model the probability of a pCR on the basis of the tumor volume reduction (TVR) percentage by US from the baseline to after 2 cycles of AC. RESULTS Overall, 39.3% of the patients (42 of 107) achieved a pCR. A positive predictive value (PPV) analysis identified a cutoff point of 80% TVR after 2 cycles; the pCR rate was 77% (17 of 22) in patients with a TVR ≥ 80%, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.77-0.92; P < .0001). In the validation cohort, the pCR rate was 44%. The PPV for pCR with a TVR ≥ 80% after 2 cycles was 76% (95% CI, 55%-91%), and the AUC was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.70-0.87; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS The TVR percentage by US evaluation after 2 cycles of NAST may be a cost-effective early imaging biomarker for a pCR to AC/taxane-based NAST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz E Adrada
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rosalind Candelaria
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stacy Moulder
- Department of Breast Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alastair Thompson
- Department of Breast Surgery, University of Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Lester and Sue Smith Breast Cancer, University of Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gary J Whitman
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vicente Valero
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer K Litton
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lumarie Santiago
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marion E Scoggins
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tanya W Moseley
- Department of Breast Imaging and Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason B White
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth E Ravenberg
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei T Yang
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gaiane M Rauch
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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The New Serum-Free OptiPASS ® Medium in Cold and Oxygen-Free Conditions: An Innovative Conservation Method for the Preservation of MDA-MB-231 Triple Negative Breast Cancer Spheroids. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081945. [PMID: 33919619 PMCID: PMC8073891 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer spheroids are reproducible and relevant multicellular in vitro preclinical models. Thus, their use is required more and more for drug development processes in oncology in order to improve the prediction of anticancer drugs responses. Moreover, spheroid models allow for the reduction in animal experimentation, in accordance with the rule of Reduce, Refine, Replace (3Rs). In order to optimize and extend the use of these spheroid models, this works was focused on the development of an original methodology to keep these cancer spheroids in the long term. This innovative concept is based on a cold storage for up to 7 days of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) spheroids cultured in the synthetic serum-free OptiPASS® culture medium. Major spheroid characteristics could be preserved with this new conservation method, allowing their use in high throughput screening tests. Abstract Cancer spheroids are very effective preclinical models to improve anticancer drug screening. In order to optimize and extend the use of spheroid models, these works were focused on the development of a new storage concept to maintain these models in the longer term using the Triple-Negative Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 spheroid models. The results highlight that the combination of a temperature of 4 °C and oxygen-free conditions allowed the spheroid characteristics of OptiPASS® serum-free culture medium to preserve the spheroid characteristics during 3-, 5- or 7-day-long storage. Indeed, after storage they were returned to normal culture conditions, with recovered spheroids presenting similar growth rates (recovery = 96.2%), viability (Live/Dead® profiles) and metabolic activities (recovery = 90.4%) compared to nonstored control spheroids. Likewise, both recovered spheroids (after storage) and nonstored controls presented the same response profiles as two conventional drugs, i.e., epirubicin and cisplatin, and two anti-PARP1 targeted drugs—i.e., olaparib and veliparib. This new original storage concept seems to induce a temporary stop in spheroid growth while maintaining their principal characteristics for further use. In this way, this innovative and simple storage concept may instigate future biological sample preservation strategies.
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GBP5 Repression Suppresses the Metastatic Potential and PD-L1 Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040371. [PMID: 33916322 PMCID: PMC8066311 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype because of its high metastatic potential. Immune evasion due to aberrant expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has also been reported recently in metastatic TNBC. However, the mechanism underlying metastatic progression and PD-L1 upregulation in TNBC is still largely unknown. Here, we found that guanylate binding protein 5 (GBP5) is expressed in higher levels in TNBC tissues than in non-TNBC and normal mammary tissues and serves as a poorer prognostic marker in breast cancer patients. Transwell cultivation indicated that GBP5 expression is causally related to cellular migration ability in the detected TNBC cell lines. Moreover, the computational simulation of the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) program against the GBP5 signature generated from its coexpression with other somatic genes in TNBC revealed that GBP5 upregulation may be associated with the activation of interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-responsive and NF-κB-related signaling cascades. In addition, we found that the coexpression of GBP5 with PD-L1 was significantly positive correlation in TNBC tissues. Robustly, our data showed that GBP5 knockdown in TNBC cells harboring a higher GBP5 level dramatically suppresses the number of migrated cells, the activity of IFN-γ/STAT1 and TNF-α/NF-κB signaling axes, and the expression of PD-L1. Importantly, the signature combining a higher GBP5 and PD-L1 level predicted the shortest time interval of brain metastasis in breast cancer patients. These findings not only uncover the oncogenic function of GBP5 but also provide a new strategy to combat metastatic/immunosuppressive TNBC by targeting GBP5 activity.
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Luo X, Wang H. LINC00514 upregulates CCDC71L to promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion in triple-negative breast cancer by sponging miR-6504-5p and miR-3139. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:180. [PMID: 33757509 PMCID: PMC7986463 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01875-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently identified as essential gene modulators in numerous cancers. Previous studies have confirmed the oncogenic role of long intergenic nonprotein-coding RNA 00514 (LINC00514) in some cancers. Nevertheless, its biological function and mechanism remain unclear in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS Herein, we detected LINC00514 expression level in TNBC tissues and cells using RT-qPCR. The function of LINC00514 in TNBC cellular activities was assessed by colony formation, EdU, wound healing, transwell assays and flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS The binding between miR-6504-5p/miR-3139 and LINC00514/CCDC71L was validated by luciferase reporter assay. The results indicated that LINC00514 expression was upregulated in TNBC tissues and cells. Furthermore, it was manifested that silenced LINC00514 restrained cell proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities and promoted cell apoptosis. In mechanism, LINC00514 was revealed to sequester miR-6504-5p and miR-3139 in TNBC cells. Furthermore, the low level of miR-6504-5p and miR-3139 was identified in TNBC tissues and cells. Overexpression of miR-6504-5p or miR-3139 inhibited cell growth and migration in TNBC. CCDC71L was recognized as a common downstream gene of miR-6504-5p and miR-3139. Rescue assay verified that overexpressed CCDC71L countervailed the anti-tumor influence of LINC00514 knockdown on TNBC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS LINC00514 promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion in triple-negative breast cancer by targeting the miR-6504-5p/miR-3139/CCDC71L axis in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China.
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Cheng SW, Chen PC, Ger TR, Chiu HW, Lin YF. GBP5 Serves as a Potential Marker to Predict a Favorable Response in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients Receiving a Taxane-Based Chemotherapy. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030197. [PMID: 33809079 PMCID: PMC8001168 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-operative (neoadjuvant) or post-operative (adjuvant) taxane-based chemotherapy is still commonly used to treat patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, there are still no effective biomarkers used to predict the responsiveness and efficacy of taxane-based chemotherapy in TNBC patients. Here we find that guanylate-binding protein 5 (GBP5), compared to other GBPs, exhibits the strongest prognostic significance in predicting TNBC recurrence and progression. Whereas GBP5 upregulation showed no prognostic significance in non-TNBC patients, a higher GBP5 level predicted a favorable recurrence and progression-free condition in the TNBC cohort. Moreover, we found that GBP5 expression negatively correlated with the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of paclitaxel in a panel of TNBC cell lines. The gene knockdown of GBP5 increased the IC50 of paclitaxel in the tested TNBC cells. In TNBC patients receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, a higher GBP5 level strongly predicted a good responsiveness. Computational simulation by the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis program and cell-based assays demonstrated that GBP5 probably enhances the cytotoxic effectiveness of paclitaxel via activating the Akt/mTOR signaling axis and suppressing autophagy formation in TNBC cells. These findings suggest that GBP5 could be a good biomarker to predict a favorable outcome in TNBC patients who decide to receive a taxane-based neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Wen Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan; (S.-W.C.); (T.-R.G.)
| | - Po-Chih Chen
- Neurology Department, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Rong Ger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan; (S.-W.C.); (T.-R.G.)
| | - Hui-Wen Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-W.C.); (Y.-F.L.); Tel.: +886-2-22490088 (ext. 8884) (H.-W.C.); +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3106) (Y.-F.L.); Fax: +886-2-2739-0500 (H.-W.C. & Y.-F.L.)
| | - Yuan-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-W.C.); (Y.-F.L.); Tel.: +886-2-22490088 (ext. 8884) (H.-W.C.); +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3106) (Y.-F.L.); Fax: +886-2-2739-0500 (H.-W.C. & Y.-F.L.)
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Elwan A, Abdelrahman AE, Alnagar AA, Abdelhamid MI, Nawar N. Clinicopathological Features and Treatment Challenges in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Turk Patoloji Derg 2021; 37:121-129. [PMID: 33432555 PMCID: PMC10512684 DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2020.01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As the genetic and molecular profiles of triple negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) are elucidated, multiple therapeutic targets have been produced. TNBC with less than 1% androgen receptor (AR) expression may respond to enzalutamide with greater response association in higher levels. A metronomic dose of capecitabine and docetaxel are effective developed drugs for angiogenic process inhibition. We aimed to demonstrate the treatment outcome of triple-negative breast cancer patients in correlation to their clinicopathological features. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study of 80 TNBC patients was conducted. The patients underwent proper observation with the reporting of their treatment and follow-up data. Patients with a metastatic disease, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, follow-up drop or data shortage were excluded from the survival analysis. RESULTS The study results revealed a significant association between negative androgen expression and younger age ≤35 years, premenopausal status, higher grade, extracapsular extension, lymphovascular invasion, Ki 67, and CA15-3 (p=0.003, 0.02, < 0.001, 0.001, 0.027, 0.005, 0.009 respectively). The three-year overall survival (OS) in patients who received bicalutamide was better than those patients who received capecitabine or docetaxel but of no significance (p=0.46). The three-year disease free survival (DFS) was significantly better in the bicalutamide arm versus the other two groups (p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS We concluded that extended adjuvant antiandrogen such as bicalutamide and metronomic capecitabine are well tolerated with accepted compliance and affordability compared to docetaxel and are warranted for problem-solving and better DFS and OS in some TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Elwan
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Aziza E. Abdelrahman
- Department of Pathology, Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Alnagar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Abdelhamid
- Department of General Surgery, Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Nawar
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt
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Alshaeri HK, Alasmari MM, Natto ZS, Pino-Figueroa A. Effects of Annona muricata Extract on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Mediated Through EGFR Signaling. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:12519-12526. [PMID: 33304106 PMCID: PMC7723033 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s278647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the antiproliferative activity and the mechanisms of action of Annona muricata ethyl acetate (AMEA) extract and one of its active fractions on BT-20 TNBC cells. Methods The triple-negative human breast cancer BT-20 cells were used. After the preparation and extraction of Annona muricata ethyl acetate (AMEA), the ethyl acetate extract was exposed to a preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) plate. From this preparative TLC plate, eight individual bands were collected. Each band was scraped and removed from the plate and soaked in ethyl acetate. After filtration, all eight fractions were then tested on the BT-20 TNBC cells using the MTS cell viability assay. The expressions of EGFR, p-EGFR, AKT, p-AKT, MAPK, p-MAPK, cyclin D1, and NF-κB p65 were measured using Western blot analysis. Results The AMEA showed a significant decrease in NF-κB p65 protein expression and BT-20 cell viability, as determined via the MTS assay. Furthermore, the AMEA was subjected to preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC), and eight fractions were obtained. From the eight fractions, only fraction 4 (F4) showed a significant reduction in cell viability in the MTS assay. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that AMEA and F4 formed an antiproliferative effect. These effects were complemented by a downregulation of cyclin D1 assembly, causing cell-cycle arrest at the G1/S phase. Furthermore, NF-κB was measured because of its involvement in the progression of cancers. Conclusion The antiproliferative influence is produced through EGFR-mediated signaling pathways, which include AKT, MAPK, NF-κB, and cyclin D1 inhibition. Further studies will be required to demonstrate the possible applications of this natural product in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba K Alshaeri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moudi M Alasmari
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhair S Natto
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Cupido-Sánchez MG, Herrera-González NE, Mendoza CCB, Hernández MLM, Ramón-Gallegos E. In silico analysis of the association of hsa-miR-16 expression and cell survival in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells subjected to photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102106. [PMID: 33217568 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common malignancy effecting women, and the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype is particularly aggressive. This study aimed to evaluate the differential expression pattern of microRNAs (miRNAs) between untreated MDA-MB-231 cells (TNBC cell model) and those that survived photodynamic therapy (PDT) to gain insights into cell survival mechanisms. METHODS Two PDT cycles were applied to MDA-MB-231 cells, using δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) followed by laser light at 635 nm. RNA was obtained from cells surviving PDT and untreated cells. The miRNAs expression profile was analyzed to detect the differences between the two groups. The potential target network of hsa-miR-16 was examined in silico with the integrative database Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis software. RESULTS After the first and second PDT cycles, 17.8% and 49.6% of the MDA-MB-231 cells were viable. Microarray profiling of miRNAs showed decreased hsa-miR-16 expression (p < 0.05) in MDA-MB-231 cells surviving PDT when compared to the control cells. The predicted downstream targets of hsa-miR-16 were: 1) tumor suppressor protein 53; 2) molecules related to the cell cycle, such as cyclin D1, D3, and E1, and checkpoint kinase 1; 3) cell proliferation molecules, including fibroblast growth factor 1, 2 and 7 and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1; and 4) apoptosis-related molecules, consisting of BCL-2, B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2, caspase 3, and cytochrome c. CONCLUSIONS The differential expression of hsa-miR-16 between untreated MDA-MB-231 cells and those surviving PDT has not been previously reported. There was a lower expression of hsa-miR-16 in treated cells, which probably altered its downstream target network. In silico analysis predicted, a network related to the cell cycle, proliferation and apoptosis. These results are congruent with previous descriptions of hsa-miR-16 as a tumor suppressor and suggest that the treated population has increased their capacity to survive.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe Cupido-Sánchez
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Norma Estela Herrera-González
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Columba Citlalli Barrera Mendoza
- Environmental Cytopathology Lab, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Wilfrido Massieu, Esq. Cda. Manuel Stampa Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, 07736, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - María Luisa Morales Hernández
- Environmental Cytopathology Lab, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Wilfrido Massieu, Esq. Cda. Manuel Stampa Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, 07736, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Eva Ramón-Gallegos
- Environmental Cytopathology Lab, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Wilfrido Massieu, Esq. Cda. Manuel Stampa Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, 07736, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Guo S, Shi Y, Lu S, He Y, Jin G, Zhang S, Li X. The taxane-based chemotherapy triplet is superior to the doublet in one to nine node-positive but not node-negative triple-negative breast cancer: results from a retrospective analysis. J Cancer 2020; 11:6653-6662. [PMID: 33046986 PMCID: PMC7545687 DOI: 10.7150/jca.44768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Taxane-based regimens that are frequently used in adjuvant chemotherapy in early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) include a three-drug regimen (TAC and AC-T) and a two-drug regimen (TA and TC). Whether pathological lymph node stage guides taxane-based de-escalating chemotherapies in TNBC in adjuvant setting is still unclear. Methods: We retrospectively examined 381 patients with early TNBC over a median follow-up period of 75.9 months and compared the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients who received adjuvant taxane-based three-drug chemotherapy and two-drug chemotherapy according to pathological lymph node stage (negative, pN0; 1-3 positive, pN1; 4-9 positive, pN2). Results: In 222 pN0 patients, the taxane-based three-drug regimen was not superior to the two-drug regimen. In 159 pN1-2 patients, the taxane-based three-drug regimen significantly improved DFS (5-year DFS rate, 78.2% vs. 46.9%; log-rank p=0.0002) and OS (5-year OS rate, 90.7% vs. 64.3%; log-rank p=0.0001) compared with the two-drug regimen. In a multivariable Cox regression analysis of pN1-2 patients, after adjustment for clinical characteristics, the taxane-based three-drug regimen significantly decreased the risk of recurrence (adjusted HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.64; p=0.0004) and death (adjusted HR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.48; p=0.0001) compared with the two-drug regimen. Conclusions: The taxane-based chemotherapy triplet is superior to the chemotherapy doublet in patients with one to nine positive lymph nodes but not node-negative TNBC in adjuvant setting. These data suggest that pathological lymph node stage leads to de-escalating chemotherapy strategies in operable TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanxing Guo
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yonggang Shi
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuo Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujie He
- Rheumatology and Immunology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangyi Jin
- International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,National Engineering Lab for Synthetic Biology of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Suzhi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingya Li
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Lee KL, Chen G, Chen TY, Kuo YC, Su YK. Effects of Cancer Stem Cells in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Brain Metastasis: Challenges and Solutions. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082122. [PMID: 32751846 PMCID: PMC7463650 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A higher propensity of developing brain metastasis exists in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Upon comparing the metastatic patterns of all breast cancer subtypes, patients with TNBC exhibited increased risks of the brain being the initial metastatic site, early brain metastasis development, and shortest brain metastasis-related survival. Notably, the development of brain metastasis differs from that at other sites owing to the brain-unique microvasculature (blood brain barrier (BBB)) and intracerebral microenvironment. Studies of brain metastases from TNBC have revealed the poorest treatment response, mostly because of the relatively backward strategies to target vast disease heterogeneity and poor brain efficacy. Moreover, TNBC is highly associated with the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which contribute to circulating cancer cell survival before BBB extravasation, evasion from immune surveillance, and plasticity in adaptation to the brain-specific microenvironment. We summarized recent literature regarding molecules and pathways and reviewed the effects of CSC biology during the formation of brain metastasis in TNBC. Along with the concept of individualized cancer therapy, certain strategies, namely the patient-derived xenograft model to overcome the lack of treatment-relevant TNBC classification and techniques in BBB disruption to enhance brain efficacy has been proposed in the hope of achieving treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kha-Liang Lee
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (G.C.); (T.-Y.C.)
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Gao Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (G.C.); (T.-Y.C.)
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yuan Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (G.C.); (T.-Y.C.)
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Che Kuo
- Taipei Medical University (TMU) Research Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Kai Su
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (G.C.); (T.-Y.C.)
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Sui J, Zhao M, Yang Y, Guo Z, Ma M, Xu Z, Liang J, Sun Y, Fan Y, Zhang X. Acid-labile polysaccharide prodrug via lapatinib-sensitizing effect substantially prevented metastasis and postoperative recurrence of triple-negative breast cancer. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:13567-13581. [PMID: 32555923 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03395b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surgical resection and chemotherapy are routinely performed for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) because it is insensitive to endocrine therapy and molecular targeted therapy. Here, the optimal surface charge (-28 mV) and particle size (51 nm) enabled the acid-labile hyaluronic acid pullulan prodrug (HPP)-doxorubicin (Dox)/lapatinib (Lap) conjugate to circulate in the blood for a lengthy period of time and enhance the electron paramagnetic resonance effect, while the targeted molecule hyaluronic acid accelerated CD44 receptor-mediated 4T1 cell internalization. The inefficient anti-proliferation capability of Lap increased more than 10-fold after sensitization of Dox to metastatic 4T1 cells, while cellular uptake significantly increased, and cell viability dramatically decreased to nearly 20% of the free Dox group. Furthermore, HPP-Dox/Lap more effectively inhibited lateral mobility, vertical migration, and invasion ability of 4T1 cells. The ex vivo biodistribution of representative Dox indicated that Lap obviously facilitated the intratumoral infiltration and accumulation. The in vivo research revealed that there were overwhelming advantages in using HPP-Dox/Lap to inhibit tumor growth, progression, and lung metastasis even at a low dosage (1 mg kg-1), and it decreased postoperative recurrence and pulmonary metastatic nodules. Because of the excellent biosafety and visible therapeutic effect on the 4T1 metastasis and recurrence model, there is great potential value for HPP-Dox/Lap to be used to treat metastatic TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Sui
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
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Bendau E, Smith J, Zhang L, Ackerstaff E, Kruchevsky N, Wu B, Koutcher JA, Alfano R, Shi L. Distinguishing metastatic triple-negative breast cancer from nonmetastatic breast cancer using second harmonic generation imaging and resonance Raman spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000005. [PMID: 32219996 PMCID: PMC7433748 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subset of breast cancer that is more common in African-American and Hispanic women. Early detection followed by intensive treatment is critical to improving poor survival rates. The current standard to diagnose TNBC from histopathology of biopsy samples is invasive and time-consuming. Imaging methods such as mammography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, while covering the entire breast, lack the spatial resolution and specificity to capture the molecular features that identify TNBC. Two nonlinear optical modalities of second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of collagen, and resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) potentially offer novel rapid, label-free detection of molecular and morphological features that characterize cancerous breast tissue at subcellular resolution. In this study, we first applied MR methods to measure the whole-tumor characteristics of metastatic TNBC (4T1) and nonmetastatic estrogen receptor positive breast cancer (67NR) models, including tumor lactate concentration and vascularity. Subsequently, we employed for the first time in vivo SHG imaging of collagen and ex vivo RRS of biomolecules to detect different microenvironmental features of these two tumor models. We achieved high sensitivity and accuracy for discrimination between these two cancer types by quantitative morphometric analysis and nonnegative matrix factorization along with support vector machine. Our study proposes a new method to combine SHG and RRS together as a promising novel photonic and optical method for early detection of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Bendau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jason Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institute for Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers, The City College of New York, New York, New York
| | - Ellen Ackerstaff
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Natalia Kruchevsky
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Binlin Wu
- Physics Department, CSCU Center for Nanotechnology, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jason A. Koutcher
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medical Physics and Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Robert Alfano
- Institute for Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers, The City College of New York, New York, New York
| | - Lingyan Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Ding X, Li Y, Li J, Yin Y. OSW-1 inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by NFATc2 on triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5558-5569. [PMID: 32515123 PMCID: PMC7402832 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OSW‐1 is a natural compound extracted from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae in 1992. It has been shown strong antitumor activities in various cancer cells. However, the effects of OSW‐1 on tumor growth and metastasis in breast cancer are still poorly understood. In our research, we showed that OSW‐1 had a strong anticancer effect on breast cancer cells, but lower toxicity to normal cells. Accordingly, it also revealed significant inhibition of tumor growth by OSW‐1 in xenograft model. In addition, we performed Annexin V/PI‐labeled flow cytometric assay and TUNEL assay and showed that OSW‐1 inhibited tumor growth by inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, we carried out transwell assays and found that OSW‐1 significantly repressed the migratory and invasive capabilities of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells via mediating epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. Besides, OSW‐1 also could inhibit metastasis in an orthotopic model and resulted in a longer survival compared with control group. Finally, we performed RNA‐sequencing and cellular functions to investigate the molecular mechanism of how OSW‐1 inhibits TNBC, and identified NFATc2 may as a pivotal factor for OSW‐1‐mediated effects on cell death, tumor growth, invasion, and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Ding
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Sun X, Xu H, Huang T, Zhang C, Wu J, Luo S. Simultaneous delivery of anti-miRNA and docetaxel with supramolecular self-assembled "chitosome" for improving chemosensitivity of triple negative breast cancer cells. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 11:192-204. [PMID: 32394334 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00779-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
At present, treating of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) mainly depends on chemotherapy with more toxic side effects, but the effect is limited and it is highly prone to drug resistance. Gene therapy using anti-microRNAs maybe one of alternative therapeutic strategies. Due to the poor cell permeability and significant in vivo decomposition rate of anti-microRNAs, which limits their clinical application, we developed a core-shell supramolecular nanovector of "chitosome" that were self-assembled from the synthetic amphiphilic chitosan derivatives. The constructed chitosomes could co-load hydrophilic anti-miR-21 and hydrophobic docetaxel (DTX) into one combo nanocarrier with entrapment efficiency of more than 80%, as well as spherical morphology and average particle size of 90 nm. In comparison with the naked ones, anti-miR-21 encapsulated with chitosomes showed significantly increased cellular transfection and stability against degradation by nuclease in serum. Compared with DTX or anti-miR-21 formulations used alone, the co-delivery of the two drugs with the combo chitosome obtained improved chemosensitivity of TNBC cells to DTX treatment through their synergistic mechanisms. Taken together, the developed chitosome could be a promising candidate for simultaneous delivery of insoluble chemotherapeutic drugs and gene agents for TNBC therapy. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfu Sun
- Department of Breast Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Haipeng Xu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Chengjuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Junzhao Wu
- Department of Breast Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Suxia Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China.
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Labbozzetta M, Notarbartolo M, Poma P. Can NF-κB Be Considered a Valid Drug Target in Neoplastic Diseases? Our Point of View. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093070. [PMID: 32349210 PMCID: PMC7246796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR), of the innate and acquired types, is one of major problems in treating tumor diseases with a good chance of success. In this review, we examine the key role of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) to induce MDR in three tumor models characterized precisely by innate or acquired MDR, in particular triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We also present different pharmacological approaches that our group have employed to reduce the expression/activation of this transcriptional factor and thus to restore chemo-sensitivity. Finally, we examine the latest scientific evidence found by other groups, the most significant clinical trials regarding NF-κB, and new perspectives on the possibility to consider this transcriptional factor a valid drug target in neoplastic diseases.
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Azzam H, Kamal R, El-Assaly H, Omer L. The value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in the diagnosis and management of triple-negative breast cancer. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43055-020-0147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is undoubtedly the world’s most frequent cancer among women. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that does not express estrogen, progesterone, or human epidermal growth factor receptors, yet its imaging is considered a challenge to radiologists having imprecise features.
In this study, we aimed at defining the MRI characteristics of triple-negative breast cancer to validate its impact on management.
Results
Most of the TNBCs in this study showed malignant pattern kinetic curves (types II and III), 87/104 (83.7%), and P value 0.673 (not significant), and regarding the type of lesion enhancement, 104/172 cases (60.5%) showed mass enhancement compared to 52/172 (30.2%) non-mass enhancement and 16/172 (9.3%) focus enhancement, P value 0.185 (not significant). As for the internal enhancement pattern of mass lesions, rim internal enhancement was predominant in TNBC mass lesions, 48/104 (46.2%), as well as intratumoral bright signal intensity on T2-weighted images, 108/172 (62.8%), P value 0.001 (highly significant).
Conclusion
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are larger, better defined, and more necrotic than conventional cancers. On MRI, necrosis yields high T2-weighted signal intensity.
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Askari B, Rudbari HA, Valente A, Bruno G, Micale N, Shivalingegowda N, Krishnappagowda LN. Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Studies of Rh(I), Rh(III), Pd(II) and Pt(II) Complexes Bearing A Dithiooxamide Ligand. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Banafshe Askari
- Department of Chemistry University of Isfahan Isfahan 81746-73441 Iran
| | | | - Andreia Valente
- Centro de Química Estrutural Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Bruno
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31 I-98166 Messina Italy
| | - Nicola Micale
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31 I-98166 Messina Italy
| | - Naveen Shivalingegowda
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering & Technology Jain University Bangalore 562 112 India
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Azzam H, Kamal R, El-Assaly H, Metwally LIA. The value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in differentiating triple-negative breast cancer from other subtypes. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43055-019-0118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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MiR-214-3p regulates the viability, invasion, migration and EMT of TNBC cells by targeting ST6GAL1. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:1155-1165. [PMID: 31705333 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-214-3p is concerned with the outcomes of various tumors, such as liver cancer, bladder cancer, etc. However, the role and target of miR-214-3p in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is not fully understood. This study took this as the entry point, with a view to find a potential target for TNBC. The expressions of miR-214-3p in TNBC tissues and cell lines were detected, and the effects of miR-214-3p inhibitor on the viability, migration, invasion and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of TNBC cells were further analyzed. The potential target of miR-214-3p were predicted and verified, as well as the effects of target silencing on the TNBC cells were also measured. MiR-214-3p was abnormally elevated in both TNBC tissues and cell lines, especially in MDA-MB-468 cells. Low-expression of miR-214-3p restrained the survival, migration, invasion and EMT of TNBC cells. ST6GAL1 was the target gene of miR-214-3p, and its expression level increased with the low-expression of miR-214-3p. ST6GAL1 expression was abnormally reduced in both TNBC tissues and cell lines. The silence of ST6GAL1 promoted the viability, migration, invasion and EMT of TNBC cells, which could be reversed by miR-214-3p inhibitor. The down-regulation of miR-214-3p could suppress the viability, migration, invasion and EMT of TNBC cells though targeting ST6GAL1, which might be a potential target for future treatment of TNBC. Up-regulation of miR-214-3p could promote the EMT of non-TNBC cells.
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Thakur V, Kutty RV. Recent advances in nanotheranostics for triple negative breast cancer treatment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:430. [PMID: 31661003 PMCID: PMC6819447 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most complex and aggressive type of breast cancer encountered world widely in women. Absence of hormonal receptors on breast cancer cells necessitates the chemotherapy as the only treatment regime. High propensity to metastasize and relapse in addition to poor prognosis and survival motivated the oncologist, nano-medical scientist to develop novel and efficient nanotherapies to solve such a big TNBC challenge. Recently, the focus for enhanced availability, targeted cellular uptake with minimal toxicity is achieved by nano-carriers. These smart nano-carriers carrying all the necessary arsenals (drugs, tracking probe, and ligand) designed in such a way that specifically targets the TNBC cells at site. Articulating the targeted delivery system with multifunctional molecules for high specificity, tracking, diagnosis, and treatment emerged as theranostic approach. In this review, in addition to classical treatment modalities, recent advances in nanotheranostics for early and effective diagnostic and treatment is discussed. This review highlighted the recently FDA approved immunotherapy and all the ongoing clinical trials for TNBC, in addition to nanoparticle assisted immunotherapy. Futuristic but realistic advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning not only improve early diagnosis but also assist clinicians for their workup in TNBC. The novel concept of Nanoparticles induced endothelial leakiness (NanoEL) as a way of tumor invasion is also discussed in addition to classical EPR effect. This review intends to provide basic insight and understanding of the novel nano-therapeutic modalities in TNBC diagnosis and treatment and to sensitize the readers for continue designing the novel nanomedicine. This is the first time that designing nanoparticles with stoichiometric definable number of antibodies per nanoparticle now represents the next level of precision by design in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Thakur
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Rajaletchumy Veloo Kutty
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, College of Engineering Technology,University Malaysia Pahang, Tun Razak Highway, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow, University Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
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Donovan MG, Selmin OI, Doetschman TC, Romagnolo DF. Epigenetic Activation of BRCA1 by Genistein In Vivo and Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells Linked to Antagonism toward Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112559. [PMID: 31652854 PMCID: PMC6893467 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are the most aggressive and lethal breast cancers (BC). The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is often overexpressed in TNBC, and its activation results in the epigenetic silencing of BRCA1, which is a necessary factor for the transcriptional activation of estrogen receptor (ER)α. The dietary isoflavone genistein (GEN) modulates BRCA1 CpG methylation in BC cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of GEN on BRCA1 epigenetic regulation and AHR activity in vivo and TNBC cells. Mice were administered a control or GEN-enriched (4 and 10 ppm) diet from gestation through post-natal day 50. Mammary tissue was analyzed for changes in BRCA1 regulation and AhR activity. TNBC cells with constitutively hypermethylated BRCA1 (HCC38) and MCF7 cells were used. Protein levels and mRNA expression were measured by Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. BRCA1 promoter occupancy and CpG methylation were analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and methylation-specific PCR, respectively. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. GEN administered in the diet dose-dependently decreased basal Brca1 methylation and AHR activity in the mammary gland of adult mice. HCC38 cells were found to overexpress constitutively active AHR in parallel with BRCA1 hypermethylation. The treatment of HCC38 cells with GEN upregulated BRCA1 protein levels, which was attributable to decreased CpG methylation and AHR binding at BRCA1 exon 1a. In MCF7 cells, GEN prevented the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-dependent localization of AHR at the BRCA1 gene. These effects were consistent with those elicited by control AHR antagonists galangin (GAL), CH-223191, and α-naphthoflavone. The pre-treatment with GEN sensitized HCC38 cells to the antiproliferative effects of 4-hydroxytamoxifen. We conclude that the dietary compound GEN may be effective for the prevention and reversal of AHR-dependent BRCA1 hypermethylation, and the restoration of ERα-mediated response, thus imparting the sensitivity of TNBC to antiestrogen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah G Donovan
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Ornella I Selmin
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Thomas C Doetschman
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Donato F Romagnolo
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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De Jesus J, Rosa M. Suboptimal concordance in testing and retesting results of triple-negative breast carcinoma cases among laboratories: one institution experience. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:263. [PMID: 31632197 PMCID: PMC6788018 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0987-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) patients do not benefit from hormone- or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2- (HER2-) targeted therapies. Accurate testing is pivotal for these patients. Methods TNBC cases that were retested at our institution during a 3-year period were evaluated for concordance rates in estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor and HER2 results. Results We found 19 (22%) discrepancies (13 major/6 minor) among 86 cases. Minor discrepancies were in HER2 changes by immunohistochemistry, and all cases were demonstrated to be negative by and dual in situ hybridization. All major discrepancies were in ER/PR expression changes. In only 2 cases the treatment changed based on repeated results and/or patient history. Conclusions Discrepancies in prognostic/predictive testing continue to be frequent despite rigorous regulations. However, since for the majority of patients in our setting, the treatment plan did not change, reflex retesting for TNBC has been deemed unnecessary in our institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose De Jesus
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Marilin Rosa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
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Karakaş D, Akar RO, Gökmen Z, Deniz NG, Ulukaya E. A novel 1,4-naphthoquinone-derived compound induces apoptotic cell death in breast cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 43:256-263. [PMID: 31582882 PMCID: PMC6713879 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1901-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most-diagnosed cancer type among women. The triple-negative subtype is an especially aggressive type of breast cancer. Although chemotherapy is almost the only option for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), currently used chemotherapeutics are not effective enough, considering the poor survival rate of patients. Therefore, novel compounds need to be developed to improve survival rates. It has been known that quinonic compounds, which are found in nature, have antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumorigenic properties. Naphthoquinones are members of the quinone family and are widely used in research due to their promising properties. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic activity of a novel naphthoquinone-derived compound (1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ)) against two different breast cancer cells: a hormone-responsive cell line (MCF-7) and a triple-negative cell line (MDA-MB-231). As a result, 1,4-NQ decreased cell viability in both tested cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Increased apoptotic markers (presence of pyknotic nuclei, annexin-V positivity, caspase 3/7 activity, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential) and DNA damage were especially observed in MDA-MB-231 cells after treatment with the compound. Considering the promising cytotoxic effect of the compound, 1,4-NQ needs further evaluation as a potential candidate for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Karakaş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical School, İstinye University, İstanbul, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature, İstinye University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Remzi Okan Akar
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, İstinye University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Gökmen
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nahide Gülşah Deniz
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical School, İstinye University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Romano S, Fonseca N, Simões S, Gonçalves J, Moreira JN. Nucleolin-based targeting strategies for cancer therapy: from targeted drug delivery to cytotoxic ligands. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1985-2001. [PMID: 31271738 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is currently the second leading cause of death worldwide and current therapeutic approaches remain ineffective in several cases. Therefore, there is a need to develop more efficacious therapeutic agents, especially for subtypes of cancer lacking targeted therapies. Limited drug penetration into tumors impairs the efficacy of therapies targeting cancer cells. One of the strategies to overcome this problem is targeting the more accessible tumor vasculature via molecules such as nucleolin, which is expressed at the surface of cancer and angiogenic endothelial cells, thus enabling a dual cellular targeting strategy. In this review, we present and discuss nucleolin-based targeting strategies that have been developed for cancer therapy, with a special focus on recent antibody-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Romano
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Fonseca
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; TREAT U, SA, Parque Industrial de Taveiro, Lote 44, 3045-508 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Simões
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; FFUC - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, 3000-548 Portugal
| | - João Gonçalves
- iMed. ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Nuno Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; FFUC - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, 3000-548 Portugal.
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