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Zhang M, Wang J, Zhan X, Xu W, He M, Ma D, Yue Z. Degradation of thiocyanate by Fe/Cu/C microelectrolysis: Role of pre-magnetization and enhancement mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118833. [PMID: 38599446 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Thiocyanate (SCN-), a non-volatile inorganic pollutant, is commonly found in various types of industrial wastewater, which is resistant to hydrolysis and has the potential to be toxic to organisms. Premagnetized iron-copper-carbon ternary micro-electrolytic filler (pre-Fe/Cu/C) was prepared to degrade SCN-. Pre-Fe/Cu/C exhibited the most significant enhancement effect on SCN- removal when magnetized for 5 min with an intensity of 100 mT, and the SCN- removal rate was the highest at an initial pH of 3.0 and an aeration rate of 1.6 L/min. The electrochemical corrosion and electron transfer in the pre-Fe/Cu/C system were confirmed through SEM, XPS, FTIR, XRD, and electrochemical tests. This resulted in the formation of more corrosion products and multiple cycles of Fe2+/Fe3+ and Cu0/Cu+/Cu2+. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) were utilized to illustrate the oxygen adsorption properties of the materials and the participation of reactive oxygen species (1O2, ·O2-, and ·OH) in SCN- removal. The degradation products of SCN- were identified as SO42-, HCO3-, NH4+, and N2. This study introduced the use of permanent magnets for the first time to enhance Fe/Cu/C ternary micro-electrolytic fillers, offering a cost-effective, versatile, and stable approach that effectively effectively enhanced the degradation of SCN-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China.
| | - Xinyuan Zhan
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Wusong Xu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Maolin He
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Ding Ma
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Zhengbo Yue
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China.
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Wang H, Yin B, Bai J, Wei X, Huang W, Chang Q, Jia H, Chen R, Zhai Y, Wu Y, Zhang C. Giant magneto-photoluminescence at ultralow field in organic microcrystal arrays for on-chip optical magnetometer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3995. [PMID: 38734699 PMCID: PMC11088683 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Optical detection of magnetic field is appealing for integrated photonics; however, the light-matter interaction is usually weak at low field. Here we observe that the photoluminescence (PL) decreases by > 40% at 10 mT in rubrene microcrystals (RMCs) prepared by a capillary-bridge assembly method. The giant magneto-PL (MPL) relies on the singlet-triplet conversion involving triplet-triplet pairs, through the processes of singlet fission (SF) and triplet fusion (TF) during radiative decay. Importantly, the size of RMCs is critical for maximizing MPL as it influences on the photophysical processes of spin state conversion. The SF/TF process is quantified by measuring the prompt/delayed PL with time-resolved spectroscopies, which shows that the geminate SF/TF associated with triplet-triplet pairs are responsible for the giant MPL. Furthermore, the RMC-based magnetometer is constructed on an optical chip, which takes advantages of remarkable low-field sensitivity over a broad range of frequencies, representing a prototype of emerging opto-spintronic molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baipeng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junli Bai
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ji Hua Laboratory Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingda Chang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Bindra JK, Niklas J, Jeong Y, Jasper AW, Kretzschmar M, Kern J, Utschig LM, Poluektov OG. Coherences of Photoinduced Electron Spin Qubit Pair States in Photosystem I. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:10108-10117. [PMID: 37980604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
This publication presents the first comprehensive experimental study of electron spin coherences in photosynthetic reaction center proteins, specifically focusing on photosystem I (PSI). The ultrafast electron transfer in PSI generates spin-correlated radical pairs (SCRPs), which are entangled spin pairs formed in well-defined spin states (Bell states). Since their discovery in our group in the 1980s, SCRPs have been extensively used to enhance our understanding of structure-function relationships in photosynthetic proteins. More recently, SCRPs have been utilized as tools for quantum sensing. Electron spin decoherence poses a significant challenge in realizing practical applications of electron spin qubits, particularly the creation of quantum entanglement between multiple electron spins. This work is focused on the systematic characterization of decoherence in SCRPs of PSI. These decoherence times were measured as electron spin echo decay times, termed phase memory times (TM), at various temperatures. Decoherence was recorded on both transient SCRP states P700+A1- and thermalized states. Our study reveals that TM exhibits minimal dependence on the biological species, biochemical treatment, and paramagnetic species. The analysis indicates that nuclear spin diffusion and instantaneous diffusion mechanisms alone cannot explain the observed decoherence. As a plausible explanation we discuss the assumption that the low-temperature dynamics of methyl groups in the protein surrounding the unpaired electron spin centers is the main factor governing the loss of the spin coherence in PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen K Bindra
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jens Niklas
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yeonjun Jeong
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ahren W Jasper
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Moritz Kretzschmar
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jan Kern
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lisa M Utschig
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Oleg G Poluektov
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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Hong G, Pachter R. Effects of inter-radical interactions and scavenging radicals on magnetosensitivity: spin dynamics simulations of proposed radical pairs. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2023; 52:27-37. [PMID: 36792823 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-023-01630-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Although the magnetosensitivity to weak magnetic fields, such as the geomagnetic field, which was exhibited by radical pairs that are potentially responsible for avian navigation, has been previously investigated by spin dynamics simulations, understanding this behavior for proposed radical pairs in other species is limited. These include, for example, radical pairs formed in the single-cell green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CraCRY) and in Columba livia (ClCRY4). In addition, the radical pair of FADH• with the one-electron reduced cyclobutane thymine dimer that was shown to be sensitive to weak magnetic fields has been of interest. In this work, we investigated the directional magnetosensitivity of these radical pairs to a weak magnetic field by spin dynamics simulations. We find significant reduction in the magnetosensitivity by inclusion of dipolar and exchange interactions, which can be mitigated by a scavenging radical, as demonstrated for the [FAD•- TyrD•] radical pair in CraCRY, but not for the [FADH• T□T•-] radical pair because of the large exchange coupling. The directional magnetosensitivity of the ClCRY4 [FAD•- TyrE•] radical pair can survive this adverse effect even without the scavenging reaction, possibly motivating further experimental exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongyi Hong
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, 45433, USA
| | - Ruth Pachter
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, 45433, USA.
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5
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Wong SY, Benjamin P, Hore PJ. Magnetic field effects on radical pair reactions: estimation of B1/2 for flavin-tryptophan radical pairs in cryptochromes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:975-982. [PMID: 36519379 PMCID: PMC9811481 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03793a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic field effects on the yields of radical pair reactions are often characterised by the "half-field" parameter, B1/2, which encodes useful information on spin relaxation, radical recombination kinetics and electron-electron couplings as well as electron-nuclear hyperfine interactions. Here we use a variety of spin dynamics simulation methods to estimate the hyperfine-only values of B1/2 for the flavin-tryptophan radical pair, [FAD˙- TrpH˙+], thought to be the detector in the magnetic compass sense of migratory songbirds. The main findings are: (a) in the absence of fast recombination and spin relaxation, [FAD˙- TrpH˙+] radical pairs in solution and in the putative magnetoreceptor protein, cryptochrome, have B1/2 ≈ 1.89 mT and 2.46 mT, respectively. (b) The widely used expression for B1/2 due to Weller et al. (Chem. Phys. Lett, 1983, 96, 24-27) is only applicable to small, short-lived (∼5 ns), rapidly tumbling radical pairs in solution, and is quantitatively unreliable in the context of magnetoreception. (c) In the absence of molecular tumbling, the low-field effect for [FAD˙- TrpH˙+] is predicted to be abolished by the anisotropic components of the hyperfine interactions. Armed with the 2.46 mT "base value" for cryptochrome, measurements of B1/2 can be used to understand the impact of spin relaxation on its performance as a magnetic compass sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Ying Wong
- Institut für Physik, Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität OldenburgOldenburg 26111Germany
| | - Philip Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry, University of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QZUK
| | - P. J. Hore
- Department of Chemistry, University of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QZUK
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Review on Magnetism in Catalysis: From Theory to PEMFC Applications of 3d Metal Pt-Based Alloys. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314768. [PMID: 36499096 PMCID: PMC9739051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between magnetism and catalysis has been an important topic since the mid-20th century. At present time, the scientific community is well aware that a full comprehension of this relationship is required to face modern challenges, such as the need for clean energy technology. The successful use of (para-)magnetic materials has already been corroborated in catalytic processes, such as hydrogenation, Fenton reaction and ammonia synthesis. These catalysts typically contain transition metals from the first to the third row and are affected by the presence of an external magnetic field. Nowadays, it appears that the most promising approach to reach the goal of a more sustainable future is via ferromagnetic conducting catalysts containing open-shell metals (i.e., Fe, Co and Ni) with extra stabilization coming from the presence of an external magnetic field. However, understanding how intrinsic and extrinsic magnetic features are related to catalysis is still a complex task, especially when catalytic performances are improved by these magnetic phenomena. In the present review, we introduce the relationship between magnetism and catalysis and outline its importance in the production of clean energy, by describing the representative case of 3d metal Pt-based alloys, which are extensively investigated and exploited in PEM fuel cells.
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7
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Zadeh-Haghighi H, Simon C. Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the radical pair mechanism. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220325. [PMID: 35919980 PMCID: PMC9346374 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of studies have found that weak magnetic fields can significantly influence various biological systems. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these phenomena remain elusive. Remarkably, the magnetic energies implicated in these effects are much smaller than thermal energies. Here, we review these observations, and we suggest an explanation based on the radical pair mechanism, which involves the quantum dynamics of the electron and nuclear spins of transient radical molecules. While the radical pair mechanism has been studied in detail in the context of avian magnetoreception, the studies reviewed here show that magnetosensitivity is widespread throughout biology. We review magnetic field effects on various physiological functions, discussing static, hypomagnetic and oscillating magnetic fields, as well as isotope effects. We then review the radical pair mechanism as a potential unifying model for the described magnetic field effects, and we discuss plausible candidate molecules for the radical pairs. We review recent studies proposing that the radical pair mechanism provides explanations for isotope effects in xenon anaesthesia and lithium treatment of hyperactivity, magnetic field effects on the circadian clock, and hypomagnetic field effects on neurogenesis and microtubule assembly. We conclude by discussing future lines of investigation in this exciting new area of quantum biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Zadeh-Haghighi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Christoph Simon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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8
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Chernavsky PA, Pankina GV. Kinetics of the Isothermal Reduction of Fe2O3 with Hydrogen in a Magnetic Field. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024422020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Gardner PR. Ordered Motions in the Nitric-Oxide Dioxygenase Mechanism of Flavohemoglobin and Assorted Globins with Tightly Coupled Reductases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1414:45-96. [PMID: 36520413 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitric-oxide dioxygenases (NODs) activate and combine O2 with NO to form nitrate. A variety of oxygen-binding hemoglobins with associated partner reductases or electron donors function as enzymatic NODs. Kinetic and structural investigations of the archetypal two-domain microbial flavohemoglobin-NOD have illuminated an allosteric mechanism that employs selective tunnels for O2 and NO, gates for NO and nitrate, transient O2 association with ferric heme, and an O2 and NO-triggered, ferric heme spin crossover-driven, motion-controlled, and dipole-regulated electron-transfer switch. The proposed mechanism facilitates radical-radical coupling of ferric-superoxide with NO to form nitrate while preventing suicidal ferrous-NO formation. Diverse globins display the structural and functional motifs necessary for a similar allosteric NOD mechanism. In silico docking simulations reveal monomeric erythrocyte hemoglobin alpha-chain and beta-chain intrinsically matched and tightly coupled with NADH-cytochrome b5 oxidoreductase and NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase, respectively, forming membrane-bound flavohemoglobin-like mammalian NODs. The neuroprotective neuroglobin manifests a potential NOD role in a close-fitting ternary complex with membrane-bound NADH-cytochrome b5 oxidoreductase and cytochrome b5. Cytoglobin interfaces weakly with cytochrome b5 for O2 and NO-regulated electron-transfer and coupled NOD activity. The mechanistic model also provides insight into the evolution of O2 binding cooperativity in hemoglobin and a basis for the discovery of allosteric NOD inhibitors.
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Dai N, Zhang X, Cai Z, Ji W, Wu Y, Li K, Shao T, Cui X. The effect of different pulsed magnetic field and microwave composite treatment on the aroma compounds and sensory characteristics of soy-sauce flavor Chinese liquor. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2021.1992017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Dai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Cai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Research Institute for Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Ji
- Tianjin Research Institute for Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Tianjin Research Institute for Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kejian Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Tianmin Shao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Cui
- Research and Development Department, Dasunbo Liquor Co., Ltd, Renhuai, China
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11
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Bertling J, Thom KA, Geenen S, Jeuken H, Presser L, Müller TJJ, Gilch P. Synthesis and Photophysics of Water-Soluble Psoralens with Red-Shifted Absorption. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1534-1547. [PMID: 34181757 DOI: 10.1111/php.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
8-Methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) serves as a PUVA (psoralen + UV-A) agent in the treatment of certain skin diseases. Derivatives of 8-MOP with cationic aromatic substituents at the five positions were synthesized and characterized by steady-state, femtosecond and nanosecond spectroscopy as well as cyclic voltammetry. The aromatic substituents' positive charge increases the water solubility and the affinity toward intercalation into DNA. The aromatic substituents were supposed to lower the psoralen S1 energy and thereby suppress a photo-induced electron transfer (PET) with guanine-bearing DNA. Such a suppression of this PET is expected to increase the propensity of psoralens to photo-addition to DNA. For derivatives bearing methylpyridinium residues, femtosecond spectroscopy revealed an intramolecular PET occurring on the picosecond time scale. This PET precludes the population of the triplet state. As triplet states are the precursor state for the photo-addition to DNA, their intermolecular PET renders these derivatives ineffective in terms of PUVA. For two derivatives bearing trimethylphenylammonium moieties, such an intramolecular PET does not occur and the triplet state is populated. Surprisingly, these compounds also exhibit no PUVA activity. Based on these findings, implications for further optimization of PUVA agents are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Bertling
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristoffer A Thom
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Geenen
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hannah Jeuken
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lysander Presser
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas J J Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Gilch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Khakyzadeh V, Moosavi-Zare AR, Sheikhaleslami S, Ehsani A, Sediqi S, Rezaei-Gohar M, Jalilian Z. Retracted Article: Boric acid in magnetized water: clean and powerful media for synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-ones. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22751-22755. [PMID: 35480427 PMCID: PMC9034339 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03769b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Water was magnetized via an external magnetic field and employed, for the first time, as a solvent in green preparation of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones by the one-pot three-component condensation reaction using boric acid as a catalyst. Shorter reaction times, higher yields, and cleaner reaction profiles were some advantages of using magnetic water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Khakyzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology P.O. Box 16315-1618 15418 Tehran Iran
| | | | - Sahra Sheikhaleslami
- Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology P.O. Box 16315-1618 15418 Tehran Iran
| | - Amir Ehsani
- Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology P.O. Box 16315-1618 15418 Tehran Iran
| | - Salbin Sediqi
- Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology P.O. Box 16315-1618 15418 Tehran Iran
| | | | - Zahra Jalilian
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Kurdistan Pasdaran Street Sanandaj 66177-15177 Iran
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Amplification of weak magnetic field effects on oscillating reactions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9615. [PMID: 33953230 PMCID: PMC8100163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88871-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the possibility that chemical feedback and autocatalysis in oscillating chemical reactions could amplify weak magnetic field effects on the rate constant of one of the constituent reactions, assumed to proceed via a radical pair mechanism. Using the Brusselator model oscillator, we find that the amplitude of limit cycle oscillations in the concentrations of reaction intermediates can be extraordinarily sensitive to minute changes in the rate constant of the initiation step. The relevance of such amplification to biological effects of 50/60 Hz electromagnetic fields is discussed.
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Kim T, Kim J, Ke XS, Brewster JT, Oh J, Sessler JL, Kim D. Magnetic-Field-Induced Modulation of Charge-Recombination Dynamics in a Rosarin-Fullerene Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9379-9383. [PMID: 33590640 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Charge-recombination processes are critical for photovoltaic applications and should be suppressed for efficient charge transport. Here, we report that an applied magnetic field (0-1 T) can be used control the charge-recombination dynamics in an expanded rosarin-C60 complex. In the low magnetic field regime (<100 mT), the charge-recombination rate slows down due to hyperfine coupling, as inferred from transient absorption spectroscopic analyses. In contrast, in the high field regime, i.e., over 500 mT, the charge-recombination rate recovers and increases because the Δg mechanism facilitates spin conversion to a triplet charge-separated state (S to T0 ) that undergoes rapid charge-recombination to a localized rosarin triplet state. Therefore, we highlight the charge-recombination rate and the localized triplet state population can be modulated by the magnetic field in charge donor/acceptor non-covalent complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208-3113, United States
| | - Juno Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Xian-Sheng Ke
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA
| | - James T Brewster
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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15
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Kim T, Kim J, Ke X, Brewster JT, Oh J, Sessler JL, Kim D. Magnetic‐Field‐Induced Modulation of Charge‐Recombination Dynamics in a Rosarin‐Fullerene Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113 United States
| | - Juno Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Xian‐Sheng Ke
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
| | - James T. Brewster
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry Soonchunhyang University Chungnam 31538 Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
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16
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Fay TP, Lindoy LP, Manolopoulos DE. Spin relaxation in radical pairs from the stochastic Schrödinger equation. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:084121. [PMID: 33639770 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that the stochastic Schrödinger equation (SSE) provides an ideal way to simulate the quantum mechanical spin dynamics of radical pairs. Electron spin relaxation effects arising from fluctuations in the spin Hamiltonian are straightforward to include in this approach, and their treatment can be combined with a highly efficient stochastic evaluation of the trace over nuclear spin states that is required to compute experimental observables. These features are illustrated in example applications to a flavin-tryptophan radical pair of interest in avian magnetoreception and to a problem involving spin-selective radical pair recombination along a molecular wire. In the first of these examples, the SSE is shown to be both more efficient and more widely applicable than a recent stochastic implementation of the Lindblad equation, which only provides a valid treatment of relaxation in the extreme-narrowing limit. In the second, the exact SSE results are used to assess the accuracy of a recently proposed combination of Nakajima-Zwanzig theory for the spin relaxation and Schulten-Wolynes theory for the spin dynamics, which is applicable to radical pairs with many more nuclear spins. We also analyze the efficiency of trace sampling in some detail, highlighting the particular advantages of sampling with SU(N) coherent states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Fay
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lachlan P Lindoy
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - David E Manolopoulos
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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17
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Tasić T, Lozić M, Glumac S, Stanković M, Milovanovich I, Djordjevich DM, Trbovich AM, Japundžić-Žigon N, De Luka SR. Static magnetic field on behavior, hematological parameters and organ damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111085. [PMID: 32898814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies showed contradictory results of static magnetic field (SMF) influence on behavior, hematological parameters and organ damage. The aim of this study was to investigate influence of subchronic continuous exposure to upward and downward oriented SMF of moderate intensity on behavior, hematological characteristics, heart and kidney tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats. SH rats exposed to downward oriented SMF demonstrated lack of anxious-like behavior. SMF of either orientation caused decrease in the number of platelets in peripheral blood, granulocytes in the spleen and bone marrow and increase in the number of erythrocytes in the spleen, in both exposed groups. We also demonstrated that spontaneously hypertensive rats exposed to upward oriented SMF exhibited decreased lymphocytes count in blood, decreased bone marrow erythrocytes count and rats exposed to downward oriented SMF had increased lymphocytes count in bone marrow. The results showed adverse effect of differently oriented SMF on hematological parameters of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Also, exposure to different oriented SMF didn't affect their heart and kidney morphological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Tasić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Lozić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
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18
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Shablovsky YO. Calculating Electrostatic and Magnetostatic Effects in Reactive Mixtures. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0040579520040272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Fang Y, Meng L, Prominski A, Schaumann E, Seebald M, Tian B. Recent advances in bioelectronics chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:7978-8035. [PMID: 32672777 PMCID: PMC7674226 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00333f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Research in bioelectronics is highly interdisciplinary, with many new developments being based on techniques from across the physical and life sciences. Advances in our understanding of the fundamental chemistry underlying the materials used in bioelectronic applications have been a crucial component of many recent discoveries. In this review, we highlight ways in which a chemistry-oriented perspective may facilitate novel and deep insights into both the fundamental scientific understanding and the design of materials, which can in turn tune the functionality and biocompatibility of bioelectronic devices. We provide an in-depth examination of several developments in the field, organized by the chemical properties of the materials. We conclude by surveying how some of the latest major topics of chemical research may be further integrated with bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Fang
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lingyuan Meng
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Erik Schaumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Matthew Seebald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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20
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Player TC, Hore PJ. Source of magnetic field effects on the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:084303. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0021643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. Player
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - P. J. Hore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford, United Kingdom
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21
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Buchachenko AL, Bukhvostov AA, Ermakov KV, Kuznetsov DA. A specific role of magnetic isotopes in biological and ecological systems. Physics and biophysics beyond. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 155:1-19. [PMID: 32224188 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The great diversity of molecular processes in chemistry, physics, and biology exhibits universal property: they are controlled by powerful factor, angular momentum. Conservation of angular momentum (electron spin) is a fundamental and universal principle: all molecular processes are spin selective, they are allowed only for those spin states of reactants whose total spin is identical to that of products. Magnetic catalysis induced by magnetic interactions is a powerful and universal means to overcome spin prohibition and to control physical, chemical and biochemical processes. Contributing almost nothing in total energy, being negligibly small, magnetic interactions are the only ones which are able to change electron spin of reactants and switch over the processes between spin-allowed and spin-forbidden channels, controlling pathways and chemical reactivity in molecular processes. The main source of magnetic and electromagnetic effects in biological systems is now generally accepted and demonstrated in this paper to be radical pair mechanism which implies pairwise generation of radicals in biochemical reactions. This mechanism was convincingly established for enzymatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and desoxynucleic acid (DNA) synthesis by using catalyzing metal ions with magnetic nuclei (25Mg, 43Ca, 67Zn) and supported by magnetic field effects on these reactions. The mechanism, is shown to function in medicine as a medical remedy or technology (trans-cranial magnetic stimulation, nuclear magnetic control of the ATP synthesis in heart muscle, the killing of cancer cells by suppression of DNA synthesis). However, the majority of magnetic effects in biology remain to be irreproducible, contradictory, and enigmatic. Three sources of such a state are shown in this paper to be: the presence of paramagnetic metal ions as a component of enzymatic site or as an impurity in an uncontrollable amount; the property of the radical pair mechanism to function at a rather high concentration of catalyzing metal ions, when at least two ions enter into the catalytic site; and the kinetic restrictions, which imply compatibility of chemical and spin dynamics in radical pair. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the reliable sources of magnetic effects, to elucidate the reasons of their inconsistency, to show how and at what conditions magnetic effects exhibit themselves and how they may be controlled, switched on and off, taking into account not only biological and madical but some geophysical and environmental aspects as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly L Buchachenko
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation; Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation; Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation; Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Kirill V Ermakov
- Russian National Research Medical University, 119997, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry A Kuznetsov
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation; Russian National Research Medical University, 119997, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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22
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Pan H, Jiang X, Wang X, Wang Q, Wang M, Shen Y. Effective Magnetic Field Regulation of the Radical Pair Spin States in Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:48-53. [PMID: 31821005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of the radical pair spin states allows effective optimization of the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction. This study for the first time reports an experimental observation of significantly boosting the catalytic activity of tin nanoparticle catalysts by an external magnetic field for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to formate/formic acid. We reveal that enhancing the amount of singlet radical pairs via magnetic field-facilitated triplet → singlet spin evolution can significantly increase the catalytic activity toward an efficient overall electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction. When a common Sn nanoparticle electrode was used as an example, in a constant applied magnetic field (about 0.9 T), the yield of formic acid can be nearly doubled compared to that of zero magnetic field. This finding suggests the merits of radical pair spin states in the electron-transfer process and paves the way toward high formate production in electrocatalytic reduction of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Pan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering , Foshan University , Foshan , Guangdong 528000 , China
| | - XingXing Jiang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Xikui Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Qinglong Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Mingkui Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Yan Shen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
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23
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Fay TP, Lindoy LP, Manolopoulos DE. Electron spin relaxation in radical pairs: Beyond the Redfield approximation. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:154117. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5125752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Fay
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lachlan P. Lindoy
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - David E. Manolopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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24
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La Porte NT, Christensen JA, Krzyaniak MD, Rugg BK, Wasielewski MR. Spin-Selective Photoinduced Electron Transfer within Naphthalenediimide Diradicals. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:7731-7739. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T. La Porte
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joseph A. Christensen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew D. Krzyaniak
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Brandon K. Rugg
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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25
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Wu C, Wang X, Pei W, Zhao D, Wang K, Li G, Wang Q. Tailoring the shape and size of wet-chemical synthesized FePt nanoparticles by controlling nucleation and growth with a high magnetic field. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:15023-15028. [PMID: 31386743 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04565a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A 6 Tesla high magnetic field (HMF) was separately introduced into the nucleation stage and growth stage and into both stages during the wet-chemical synthesis of FePt nanoparticles. The HMF refined particle sizes and increased the nucleation rate in the nucleation stage and tailored shapes and refined sizes in the growth stage. Extension of nucleation time increased the nucleation rate more than that of the HMF, which increasing was higher enough to tailor the shapes of FePt nanoparticles. Controlling nucleation is a feasible strategy to tailor the shapes and sizes of wet-chemical synthesized nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Miura T. Studies on coherent and incoherent spin dynamics that control the magnetic field effect on photogenerated radical pairs. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1643510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Miura
- Department of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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27
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Sampson C, Keens RH, Kattnig DR. On the magnetosensitivity of lipid peroxidation: two- versus three-radical dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13526-13538. [PMID: 31210238 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01746a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical analysis of the putative magnetosensitivity of lipid peroxidation. We focus on the widely accepted radical pair mechanism (RPM) and a recently suggested idea based on spin dynamics induced in three-radical systems by the mutual electron-electron dipolar coupling (D3M). We show that, contrary to claims in the literature, lipid peroxides, the dominant chain carriers of the autoxidation process, have associated non-zero hyperfine coupling interactions. This suggests that their recombination could, in principle, be magnetosensitive due to the RPM. While the RPM indeed goes a long way to explaining magnetosensitivity in these systems, we show that the simultaneous interaction of three peroxyl radicals via the D3M can achieve larger magnetic field effects (MFE), even if the third radical is remote from the recombining radical pair. For randomly oriented three-radical systems, the D3M induces a low-field effect comparable to that of the RPM. The mechanism furthermore immunizes the spin dynamics to the presence of large exchange coupling interactions in the recombining radical pair, thereby permitting much larger MFE at magnetic field intensities comparable to the geomagnetic field than would be expected for the RPM. Based on these characteristics, we suggest that the D3M could be particularly relevant for MFE at low fields, provided that the local radical concentration is sufficient to allow for three-spin radical correlations. Eventually, our observations suggest that MFEs could intricately depend on radical concentration and larger effects could ensue under conditions of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Sampson
- Living Systems Institute and Department of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QD, UK.
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28
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Fay TP, Manolopoulos DE. Radical pair intersystem crossing: Quantum dynamics or incoherent kinetics? J Chem Phys 2019; 150:151102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5095204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Fay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - David E. Manolopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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29
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Hore PJ. Upper bound on the biological effects of 50/60 Hz magnetic fields mediated by radical pairs. eLife 2019; 8:44179. [PMID: 30801245 PMCID: PMC6417859 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to weak (~1 μT) extremely-low-frequency (ELF, 50/60 Hz) magnetic fields has been associated with an increased risk of childhood leukaemia. One of the few biophysical mechanisms that might account for this link involves short-lived chemical reaction intermediates known as radical pairs. In this report, we use spin dynamics simulations to derive an upper bound of 10 parts per million on the effect of a 1 μT ELF magnetic field on the yield of a radical pair reaction. By comparing this figure with the corresponding effects of changes in the strength of the Earth’s magnetic field, we conclude that if exposure to such weak 50/60 Hz magnetic fields has any effect on human biology, and results from a radical pair mechanism, then the risk should be no greater than travelling a few kilometres towards or away from the geomagnetic north or south pole.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Hore
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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30
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Pooam M, Arthaut LD, Burdick D, Link J, Martino CF, Ahmad M. Magnetic sensitivity mediated by the Arabidopsis blue-light receptor cryptochrome occurs during flavin reoxidation in the dark. PLANTA 2019; 249:319-332. [PMID: 30194534 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis cryptochrome mediates responses to magnetic fields that have been applied in the absence of light, consistent with flavin reoxidation as the primary detection mechanism. Cryptochromes are highly conserved blue-light-absorbing flavoproteins which have been linked to the perception of electromagnetic stimuli in numerous organisms. These include sensing the direction of the earth's magnetic field in migratory birds and the intensity of magnetic fields in insects and plants. When exposed to light, cryptochromes undergo flavin reduction/reoxidation redox cycles leading to biological activation which generate radical pairs thought to be the basis for magnetic sensitivity. However, the nature of the magnetically sensitive radical pairs and the steps at which they act during the cryptochrome redox cycle are currently a matter of debate. Here, we investigate the response of Arabidopsis cryptochrome-1 in vivo to a static magnetic field of 500 μT (10 × earth's field) using both plant growth and light-dependent phosphorylation as an assay. Cryptochrome responses to light were enhanced by the magnetic field, as indicated by increased inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and increased cryptochrome phosphorylation. However, when light and dark intervals were given intermittently, a plant response to the magnetic field was observed even when the magnetic field was given exclusively during the dark intervals between light exposures. This indicates that the magnetically sensitive reaction step in the cryptochrome photocycle must occur during flavin reoxidation, and likely involves the formation of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marootpong Pooam
- Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, UMR8256, IBPS, Photobiology Research Group, 7 Quai St. Bernard, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Louis-David Arthaut
- Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, UMR8256, IBPS, Photobiology Research Group, 7 Quai St. Bernard, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Derek Burdick
- Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, UMR8256, IBPS, Photobiology Research Group, 7 Quai St. Bernard, 75005, Paris, France
- Xavier University, 3800 Victory Parkway, Cincinnati, OH, 45207, USA
| | - Justin Link
- Xavier University, 3800 Victory Parkway, Cincinnati, OH, 45207, USA
| | - Carlos F Martino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, 150W University Blvd, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Margaret Ahmad
- Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, UMR8256, IBPS, Photobiology Research Group, 7 Quai St. Bernard, 75005, Paris, France.
- Xavier University, 3800 Victory Parkway, Cincinnati, OH, 45207, USA.
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31
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Chang H, Guo JL, Fu XW, Wang ML, Hou YM, Wu KM. Molecular Characterization and Expression Profiles of Cryptochrome Genes in a Long-Distance Migrant, Agrotis segetum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:5299137. [PMID: 30690535 PMCID: PMC6342827 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochromes act as photoreceptors or integral components of the circadian clock that involved in the regulation of circadian clock and regulation of migratory activity in many animals, and they may also act as magnetoreceptors that sensed the direction of the Earth's magnetic field for the purpose of navigation during animals' migration. Light is a major environmental signal for insect circadian rhythms, and it is also necessary for magnetic orientation. We identified the full-length cDNA encoding As-CRY1 and As-CRY2 in Agrotis segetum Denis and Schiffermaller (turnip moth (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)). The DNA photolyase domain and flavin adenine dinucleotide-binding domain were found in both cry genes, and multiple alignments showed that those domains that are important for the circadian clock and magnetosensing were highly conserved among different animals. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that cry genes were expressed in all examined body parts, with higher expression in adults during the developmental stages of the moths. Under a 14:10 (L:D) h cycle, the expression of cry genes showed a daily biological rhythm, and light can affect the expression levels of As-cry genes. The expression levels of cry genes were higher in the migratory population than in the reared population and higher in the emigration population than in the immigration population. These findings suggest that the two cryptochrome genes characterized in the turnip moth might be associated with the circadian clock and magnetosensing. Their functions deserve further study, especially for potential control of the turnip moth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Fu
- Department of Plant Protection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Meng-Lun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - You-Ming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kong-Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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32
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Influence of Magnetic Field on Evaporation Rate and Surface Tension of Water. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids2040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Using neodymium ring magnets (0.5–0.65 T), the experiments on the magnetic field (MF) effects on water evaporation rate and surface tension were performed at room temperature (22–24 °C). In accordance with the literature data, the enhanced evaporation rates were observed in the experiments conducted in a period of several days or weeks. However, the evaporated amounts of water (up to 440 mg over 150 min) in particular experiments differed. The evaporated amounts depended partially on which pole of the ring magnet was directed up. The relatively strong MF (0.65 T) caused a slight decrease in surface tension (−2.11 mN/m) which lasted longer than 60 min and the memory effect vanished slowly. The surface tension data reduced by the MF action are reported in the literature, although contrary results can be also found. The observed effects can be explained based on literature data of molecular simulations and the suggestion that MF affects the hydrogen bonds of intra- and inter-clusters of water molecules, possibly even causing breakage some of them. The Lorentz force influence is also considered. These mechanisms are discussed in the paper.
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Schäfer J, Holzapfel M, Schmiedel A, Steiner UE, Lambert C. Fine tuning of electron transfer and spin chemistry parameters in triarylamine-bridge-naphthalene diimide dyads by bridge substituents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:27093-27104. [PMID: 30334029 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04910f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photoinduced charge separation and charge recombination in a set of four molecular dyads consisting of a triarylamine donor and a naphthalene diimide acceptor were investigated by time resolved transient absorption spectroscopy with fs and ns time resolution. In these dyads the donor and acceptor are bridged by a meta-conjugated diethynylbenzene bridge whose electronic nature was tuned by small electron donating (OMe, Me) or electron withdrawing (Cl, CN) substituents. While the formation of the transient charge separated states is complete within tens of ps, charge recombination is biphasic with a shorter component of several hundred ns and a longer component of several microseconds. This behaviour could be rationalized by assuming an equilibrium of singlet and triplet charge separated states. Magnetic field dependent measurements showed a strong influence on the biphasic decay kinetics and also a pronounced level crossing effect in the magnetic field affected reaction yield (MARY) spectra caused by a significant exchange coupling. An analysis of the observed kinetics using classical kinetic rate equations yields rate constants for charge separation and charge recombination as well as the exchange interaction splitting in the radical ion pair, all of them showing a delicate dependence on the bridge substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schäfer
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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34
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Ponomarenko AT, Tameev AR, Shevchenko VG. Synthesis of polymers and modification of polymeric materials in electromagnetic fields. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Cooper G, Rios AC, Nuevo M. Monosaccharides and Their Derivatives in Carbonaceous Meteorites: A Scenario for Their Synthesis and Onset of Enantiomeric Excesses. Life (Basel) 2018; 8:life8030036. [PMID: 30150578 PMCID: PMC6161268 DOI: 10.3390/life8030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonaceous meteorites provide the best glimpse into the solar system’s earliest physical and chemical processes. These ancient objects, ~4.56 billion years old, contain evidence of phenomena ranging from solar system formation to the synthesis of organic compounds by aqueous and (likely) low-temperature photolytic reactions. Collectively, chemical reactions resulted in an insoluble kerogen-like carbon phase and a complex mixture of discrete soluble compounds including amino acids, nucleobases, and monosaccharide (or “sugar”) derivatives. This review presents the documented search for sugars and their derivatives in carbonaceous meteorites. We examine early papers, published in the early 1960s, and note the analytical methods used for meteorite analysis as well as conclusions on the results. We then present the recent finding of sugar derivatives including sugar alcohols and several sugar acids: The latter compounds were found to possess unusual “d” enantiomeric (mirror-image) excesses. After discussions on the possible roles of interstellar grain chemistry and meteorite parent body aqueous activity in the synthesis of sugar derivatives, we present a scenario that suggests that most of Earth’s extraterrestrial sugar alcohols (e.g., glycerol) were synthesized by interstellar irradiation and/or cold grain chemistry and that the early solar disk was the location of the initial enantiomeric excesses in meteoritic sugar derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Cooper
- NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
| | - Andro C Rios
- NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
- Blue Marble Space, 1001 4th Ave, Ste 3201, Seattle, WA 98154, USA.
| | - Michel Nuevo
- NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA Research Park, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
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36
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Fay TP, Lindoy LP, Manolopoulos DE. Spin-selective electron transfer reactions of radical pairs: Beyond the Haberkorn master equation. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:064107. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5041520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Fay
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lachlan P. Lindoy
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - David E. Manolopoulos
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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37
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Chibowski E, Szcześ A. Magnetic water treatment-A review of the latest approaches. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 203:54-67. [PMID: 29605749 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of magnetic field (MF) effects observed during and after its action on water and aqueous solutions is still a controversial issue although the effects have been reported for at least half of century. The purpose of this paper was a brief review of the literature which deals with the magnetic force treatment effects. However, it is especially focused on the latest approaches, published mostly in the last decade which have developed our understanding of the mechanisms accompanying the field action. Generally, the changes in water structure via hydrogen bonding changes, as well as in intraclusters and between interclusters were taken into account, but the most remarkable progress was achieved in 2012 by Coey who applied the non-classical theory of nucleation mechanism of the formation of dynamically ordered liquid like oxyanion polymers (DOLLOP) to explain the magnetic field action. His criterion for the magnetic field effect to occur was experimentally verified. It was also proved that the gradient of the magnetic field is more important than the magnetic field strength itself. Some interesting approaches explaining an enhanced evaporation rate of water by MF are also discussed. More experimental results are needed for further verification of the DOLLOP theory to achieve a more profound understanding of the MF effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Chibowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry - Interfacial Phenomena, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Szcześ
- Department of Physical Chemistry - Interfacial Phenomena, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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38
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Lindoy LP, Manolopoulos DE. Simple and Accurate Method for Central Spin Problems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:220604. [PMID: 29906173 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.220604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe a simple quantum mechanical method that can be used to obtain accurate numerical results over long timescales for the spin correlation tensor of an electron spin that is hyperfine coupled to a large number of nuclear spins. This method does not suffer from the statistical errors that accompany a Monte Carlo sampling of the exact eigenstates of the central spin Hamiltonian obtained from the algebraic Bethe ansatz, or from the growth of the truncation error with time in the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group (TDMRG) approach. As a result, it can be applied to larger central spin problems than the algebraic Bethe ansatz, and for longer times than the TDMRG algorithm. It is therefore an ideal method to use to solve central spin problems, and we expect that it will also prove useful for a variety of related problems that arise in a number of different research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan P Lindoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - David E Manolopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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39
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Yao GH, Gui KT, Ling X. Transport effects and chemical effects on NO removal by SCR with NH3
over iron-based catalyst in a magnetically fluidized bed. CAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-huan Yao
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Puzhu Road South #30 Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Ke-ting Gui
- School of Energy and Environment; Southeast University; Sipai Lou #2 Nanjing 210096 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ling
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Puzhu Road South #30 Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
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40
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Myklatun A, Lauri A, Eder SHK, Cappetta M, Shcherbakov D, Wurst W, Winklhofer M, Westmeyer GG. Zebrafish and medaka offer insights into the neurobehavioral correlates of vertebrate magnetoreception. Nat Commun 2018; 9:802. [PMID: 29476093 PMCID: PMC5824813 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An impediment to a mechanistic understanding of how some species sense the geomagnetic field ("magnetoreception") is the lack of vertebrate genetic models that exhibit well-characterized magnetoreceptive behavior and are amenable to whole-brain analysis. We investigated the genetic model organisms zebrafish and medaka, whose young stages are transparent and optically accessible. In an unfamiliar environment, adult fish orient according to the directional change of a magnetic field even in darkness. To enable experiments also in juveniles, we applied slowly oscillating magnetic fields, aimed at generating conflicting sensory inputs during exploratory behavior. Medaka (but not zebrafish) increase their locomotor activity in this assay. Complementary brain activity mapping reveals neuronal activation in the lateral hindbrain during magnetic stimulation. These comparative data support magnetoreception in teleosts, provide evidence for a light-independent mechanism, and demonstrate the usefulness of zebrafish and medaka as genetic vertebrate models for studying the biophysical and neuronal mechanisms underlying magnetoreception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahne Myklatun
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonella Lauri
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan H K Eder
- Department of Earth- and Environmental Sciences Section Geophysics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Theresienstrasse 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Michele Cappetta
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Denis Shcherbakov
- Institute of Zoology 220, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Winklhofer
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences IBU, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, D-26111, Germany
| | - Gil G Westmeyer
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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41
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Yuasa H, Kuno S. Intersystem Crossing Mechanisms in the Room Temperature Phosphorescence of Crystalline Organic Compounds. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideya Yuasa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J2-10, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midoriku, Yokohama 226-5801
| | - Shinichi Kuno
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J2-10, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midoriku, Yokohama 226-5801
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42
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Krajewski M. Magnetic-field-induced synthesis of magnetic wire-like micro- and nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:16511-16545. [PMID: 29067381 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05823c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A lot of physical and chemical preparation methods of one-dimensional (1D) structures are known today. Most of them use highly advanced technology or quite complex chemical reagents. This results in their high costs and difficulties with their implementation to a large industrial scale. Hence, new, facile and inexpensive approaches are still sought. One alternative to wire-like structure production is based on the chemical reduction reactions combined with an external magnetic field, which acts as an independent synthesis parameter. This approach is commonly called magnetic-field-assisted (MFA) synthesis or magnetic-field-induced (MFI) synthesis. As usual, this manufacturing strategy comprises both drawbacks and advantages, which are introduced in this review. Moreover, this work shows that MFI synthesis depends on several synthesis parameters including the strength of the applied magnetic field, reaction temperature, pH value of the reaction environment, chemical composition of the precursor solution, reaction time, and also the presence of surfactants, complexing agents, nucleating agents, initiators as well as organic solvents. All of them have an impact on the morphology and dimensions of wire-like materials and their chemical, physical and mechanical properties. Finally, the opportunities and challenges associated with the magnetic-assisted fabrication of wire-like structures are widely discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Krajewski
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego Street 5B, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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43
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Ivanov KL, Wagenpfahl A, Deibel C, Matysik J. Spin-chemistry concepts for spintronics scientists. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:1427-1445. [PMID: 28900597 PMCID: PMC5530719 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Spin chemistry and spintronics developed independently and with different terminology. Until now, the interaction between the two fields has been very limited. In this review, we compile the two "languages" in an effort to enhance communication. We expect that knowledge of spin chemistry will accelerate progress in spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin L Ivanov
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Institutskaya 3а, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Institutskaya 3а, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | | | - Carsten Deibel
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Universität Leipzig, Institut für Analytische Chemie, Linnéstr. 3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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44
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Buchachenko A, Lawler RG. New Possibilities for Magnetic Control of Chemical and Biochemical Reactions. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:877-884. [PMID: 28218831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemistry is controlled by Coulomb energy; magnetic energy is lower by many orders of magnitude and may be confidently ignored in the energy balance of chemical reactions. The situation becomes less clear, however, when reaction rates are considered. In this case, magnetic perturbations of nearly degenerate energy surface crossings may produce observable, and sometimes even dramatic, effects on reactions rates, product yields, and spectroscopic transitions. A case in point that has been studied for nearly five decades is electron spin-selective chemistry via the intermediacy of radical pairs. Magnetic fields, external (permanent or oscillating) and the internal magnetic fields of magnetic nuclei, have been shown to overcome electron spin selection rules for pairs of reactive paramagnetic intermediates, catalyzing or inhibiting chemical reaction pathways. The accelerating effects of magnetic stimulation may therefore be considered to be magnetic catalysis. This type of catalysis is most commonly observed for reactions of a relatively long-lived radical pair containing two weakly interacting electron spins formed by dissociation of molecules or by electron transfer. The pair may exist in singlet (total electron spin is zero) or triplet (total spin is unity) spin states. In virtually all cases, only the singlet state yields stable reaction products. Magnetic interactions with nuclear spins or applied fields may therefore affect the reactivity of radical pairs by changing the angular momentum of the pairs. Magnetic catalysis, first detected via its effect on spin state populations in nuclear and electron spin resonance, has been shown to function in a great variety of well-characterized reactions of organic free radicals. Considerably less well studied are examples suggesting that the basic mechanism may also explain magnetic effects that stimulate ATP synthesis, eliminating ATP deficiency in cardiac diseases, control cell proliferation, killing cancer cells, and control transcranial magnetic stimulation against cognitive deceases. Magnetic control has also been observed for some processes of importance in materials science and earth and environmental science and may play a role in animal navigation. In this Account, the radical pair mechanism is applied as a consistent explanation for several intriguing new magnetic phenomena. Specific examples include acceleration of solid state reactions of silicon by the magnetic isotope 29Si, enrichment of 17O during thermal decomposition of metal carbonates and magnetic effects on crystal plasticity. In each of these cases, the results are consistent with an initial one-electron transfer to generate a radical pair. Similar processes can account for mass-independent fractionation of isotopes of mercury, sulfur, germanium, tin, iron, and uranium in both naturally occurring samples and laboratory experiments. In the area of biochemistry, catalysis by magnetic isotopes has now been reported in several reactions of DNA and high energy phosphate. Possible medical applications of these observations are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Buchachenko
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Street, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
- Scientific Center in Chernogolovka, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
- Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russian Federation
| | - Ronald G. Lawler
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Box
H, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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45
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Mouloudakis K, Kominis IK. Quantum information processing in the radical-pair mechanism: Haberkorn's theory violates the Ozawa entropy bound. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:022413. [PMID: 28297997 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.022413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Radical-ion-pair reactions, central for understanding the avian magnetic compass and spin transport in photosynthetic reaction centers, were recently shown to be a fruitful paradigm of the new synthesis of quantum information science with biological processes. We show here that the master equation so far constituting the theoretical foundation of spin chemistry violates fundamental bounds for the entropy of quantum systems, in particular the Ozawa bound. In contrast, a recently developed theory based on quantum measurements, quantum coherence measures, and quantum retrodiction, thus exemplifying the paradigm of quantum biology, satisfies the Ozawa bound as well as the Lanford-Robinson bound on information extraction. By considering Groenewold's information, the quantum information extracted during the reaction, we reproduce the known and unravel other magnetic-field effects not conveyed by reaction yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mouloudakis
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - I K Kominis
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.,Institute for Theoretical and Computational Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
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Godina-Nava JJ, Torres-Vega G, López-Riquelme GO, López-Sandoval E, Samana AR, García Velasco F, Hernández-Aguilar C, Domínguez-Pacheco A. Quantum mechanical model for the anticarcinogenic effect of extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields on early chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:022416. [PMID: 28297882 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.022416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Using the conventional Haberkorn approach, it is evaluated the recombination of the radical pair (RP) singlet spin state to study theoretically the cytoprotective effect of an extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on early stages of hepatic cancer chemically induced in rats. The proposal is that ELF-EMF modulates the interconversion rate of singlet and triplet spin states of the RP populations modifying the products from the metabolization of carcinogens. Previously, we found that the daily treatment with ELF-EMF 120 Hz inhibited the number and area of preneoplastic lesions in chemical carcinogenesis. The singlet spin population is evaluated diagonalizing the spin density matrix through the Lanczos method in a radical pair mechanism (RPM). Using four values of the interchange energy, we have studied the variations over the singlet population. The low magnetic field effect as a test of the influence over the enzymatic chemical reaction is evaluated calculating the quantum yield. Through a bootstrap technique the range is found for the singlet decay rate for the process. Applying the quantum measurements concept, we addressed the impact toward hepatic cells. The result contributes to improving our understanding of the chemical carcinogenesis process affected by charged particles that damage the DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabino Torres-Vega
- Departamento de Física CINVESTAV-IPN, Ap. Postal 14-740, CdMex, C.P. 07000, Mexico
| | | | - Eduardo López-Sandoval
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Bairro Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Arturo Rodolfo Samana
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Bairro Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Fermín García Velasco
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Bairro Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Claudia Hernández-Aguilar
- National Polytechnic Institute, Sepi-ESIME, Zacatenco, Professional Unit Adolfo López Mateos, Col. Lindavista, Cd Mex, C.P. 07738, Mexico
| | - Arturo Domínguez-Pacheco
- National Polytechnic Institute, Sepi-ESIME, Zacatenco, Professional Unit Adolfo López Mateos, Col. Lindavista, Cd Mex, C.P. 07738, Mexico
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Tasić T, Djordjević DM, De Luka SR, Trbovich AM, Japundžić-Žigon N. Static magnetic field reduces blood pressure short-term variability and enhances baro-receptor reflex sensitivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:527-534. [PMID: 28051886 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1276307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been shown that chronic exposure of young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) to static magnetic field (SMF) delays the development of overt hypertension. Therefore the aim of the present work was to investigate the effects of SMF on autonomic cardiovascular control in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiments were performed in freely moving spontaneously hypertensive rats equipped with femoral arterial catheter for blood pressure recording. Spontaneously hypertensive rats were exposed for 30 days to upward-oriented SMF (n = 17) or downward-oriented SMF (n = 17) of 16 mT intensity. A control group of spontaneously hypertensive rats (n = 17) was not exposed to SMF. Neurogenic cardiovascular control was evaluated by spectral analysis of arterial blood pressure and heart rate short-term variability and baro-receptor reflex sensitivity using the sequence method. RESULTS Exposure of spontaneously hypertensive rats to both upward- and downward-oriented SMF significantly reduced arterial blood pressure and enhanced baro-receptor reflex sensitivity. Downward-oriented SMF reduced heart rate, too. SMF of either orientation reduced systolic blood pressure variability in very low frequency domain while downward-oriented SMF also reduced low-frequency and increased high frequency domains. CONCLUSION It follows that prolonged exposure to SMF is beneficial for neurogenic cardiovascular control in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Tasić
- a Institute of Pharmacology , Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Drago M Djordjević
- b Institute of Pathophysiology , Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Silvio R De Luka
- b Institute of Pathophysiology , Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Alexander M Trbovich
- b Institute of Pathophysiology , Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Nina Japundžić-Žigon
- a Institute of Pharmacology , Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
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48
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Kuno S, Kanamori T, Yijing Z, Ohtani H, Yuasa H. Long Persistent Phosphorescence of Crystalline Phenylboronic Acid Derivatives: Photophysics and a Mechanistic Study. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201600031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Kuno
- School of Life Science and Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; J2-10 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midoriku Yokohama 226-8501 Japan
| | - Takashi Kanamori
- School of Life Science and Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; J2-10 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midoriku Yokohama 226-8501 Japan
| | - Zhao Yijing
- School of Life Science and Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; J2-10 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midoriku Yokohama 226-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohtani
- School of Life Science and Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; J2-10 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midoriku Yokohama 226-8501 Japan
| | - Hideya Yuasa
- School of Life Science and Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; J2-10 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midoriku Yokohama 226-8501 Japan
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Lewis AM, Fay TP, Manolopoulos DE. An efficient quantum mechanical method for radical pair recombination reactions. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:244101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4972277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Multiscale description of avian migration: from chemical compass to behaviour modeling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36709. [PMID: 27830725 PMCID: PMC5103213 DOI: 10.1038/srep36709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research the puzzle of the magnetic sense of migratory songbirds has still not been unveiled. Although the problem really needs a multiscale description, most of the individual research efforts were focused on single scale investigations. Here we seek to establish a multiscale link between some of the scales involved, and in particular construct a bridge between electron spin dynamics and migratory bird behaviour. In order to do that, we first consider a model cyclic reaction scheme that could form the basis of the avian magnetic compass. This reaction features a fast spin-dependent process which leads to an unusually precise compass. We then propose how the reaction could be realized in a realistic molecular environment, and argue that it is consistent with the known facts about avian magnetoreception. Finally we show how the microscopic dynamics of spins could possibly be interpreted by a migrating bird and used for the navigational purpose.
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