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Pineda‐Alhucema W, Jiménez‐Figueroa G. Some considerations for social cognition assessment in children. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilmar Pineda‐Alhucema
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas Universidad Simón Bolívar Barranquilla Colombia
- Unidad de Investigación Docencia‐Servicio Centro Médico Cognitivo e Investigación Barranquilla Colombia
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Lee CH, Bartholomay KL, Marzelli MJ, Miller JG, Bruno JL, Lightbody AA, Reiss AL. Neuroanatomical Profile of Young Females with Fragile X Syndrome: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Analysis. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:2310-2320. [PMID: 34546362 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome is a genetic condition associated with alterations in brain and subsequent cognitive development. However, due to a milder phenotype relative to males, females with fragile X syndrome are underrepresented in research studies. In the current study, we investigate neuroanatomical differences in young females (age range: 6.03-16.32 years) with fragile X syndrome (N = 46) as compared to age-, sex-, and verbal abilities-matched participants (comparison group; N = 35). Between-group analyses of whole-brain and regional brain volumes were assessed using voxel-based morphometry. Results demonstrate significantly larger total gray and white matter volumes in girls with fragile X syndrome compared to a matched comparison group (Ps < 0.001). In addition, the fragile X group showed significantly larger gray matter volume in a bilateral parieto-occipital cluster and a right parieto-occipital cluster (Ps < 0.001). Conversely, the fragile X group showed significantly smaller gray matter volume in the bilateral gyrus rectus (P < 0.03). Associations between these regional brain volumes and key socio-emotional variables provide insight into gene-brain-behavior relationships underlying the fragile X syndrome phenotype in females. These findings represent the first characterization of a neuroanatomical phenotype in a large sample of girls with fragile X syndrome and expand our knowledge about potential neurodevelopmental mechanisms underlying cognitive-behavioral outcomes in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy H Lee
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kristi L Bartholomay
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew J Marzelli
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonas G Miller
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer L Bruno
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amy A Lightbody
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Allan L Reiss
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Concurrent Associations between Expressive Language Ability and Independence in Adolescents and Adults with Fragile X Syndrome. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091179. [PMID: 34573200 PMCID: PMC8465941 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS) successfully meet adult normative expectations in education, employment, peer relations, and habitation, although there is within-syndrome variability in this regard. The primary goal of this study was to determine whether expressive language skills contribute to the capacity for independent functioning in adulthood even after controlling for nonverbal cognitive ability. METHODS Participants were 18- to 23-year-olds with FXS. Expressive language was assessed using the psychometrically validated Expressive Language Sampling (ELS) conversation and narration procedures. The language produced was transcribed and analyzed to yield measures of expressive vocabulary, syntax, and intelligibility. Parents concurrently completed questionnaires on the independent functioning of the participants with FXS. RESULTS All three ELS measures were significantly corelated with multiple measures of independence. The magnitudes of the correlations were reduced when nonverbal IQ was controlled through partial correlation. Nonetheless, many of the partial correlations were medium to large and several were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Expressive language skills appear to contribute uniquely to the capacity for independence, although longitudinal data are needed to evaluate the possibility of a bidirectional relationship between these domains. Thus, language intervention may be a prerequisite for preparing youth with FXS for an independent adult life.
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Beaudoin C, Leblanc É, Gagner C, Beauchamp MH. Systematic Review and Inventory of Theory of Mind Measures for Young Children. Front Psychol 2020; 10:2905. [PMID: 32010013 PMCID: PMC6974541 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory of mind (TOM), the ability to infer mental states to self and others, has been a pervasive research theme across many disciplines including developmental, educational, neuro-, and social psychology, social neuroscience and speech therapy. TOM abilities have been consistently linked to markers of social adaptation and have been shown to be affected in a broad range of clinical conditions. Despite the wealth and breadth of research dedicated to TOM, identifying appropriate assessment tools for young children remains challenging. This systematic review presents an inventory of TOM measures for children aged 0-5 years and provides details on their content and characteristics. Electronic databases (1983-2019) and 9 test publisher catalogs were systematically reviewed. In total, 220 measures, identified within 830 studies, were found to assess the understanding of seven categories of mental states and social situations: emotions, desires, intentions, percepts, knowledge, beliefs and mentalistic understanding of non-literal communication, and pertained to 39 types of TOM sub-abilities. Information on the measures' mode of presentation, number of items, scoring options, and target populations were extracted, and psychometric details are listed in summary tables. The results of the systematic review are summarized in a visual framework "Abilities in Theory of Mind Space" (ATOMS) which provides a new taxonomy of TOM sub-domains. This review highlights the remarkable variety of measures that have been created to assess TOM, but also the numerous methodological and psychometric challenges associated with developing and choosing appropriate measures, including issues related to the limited range of sub-abilities targeted, lack of standardization across studies and paucity of psychometric information provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Beaudoin
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Élizabel Leblanc
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Charlotte Gagner
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Miriam H. Beauchamp
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Abstract
Social cognition refers to a complex set of mental abilities underlying social stimulus perception, processing, interpretation, and response. Together, these abilities support the development of adequate social competence and adaptation. Social cognition has a protracted development through infancy to adulthood. Given the preponderance of social dysfunctions across neurologic conditions, social cognition is now recognized as a core domain of functioning that warrants clinical attention. This chapter provides an overview of the construct of social cognition, defines some of the most clinically significant sociocognitive abilities (face processing, facial expression processing, joint attention, theory of mind, empathy, and moral processing), and introduces the neural networks and frameworks associated with these abilities. Broad principles for understanding the development of social cognition are presented, and a summary of normative developmental milestones of clinically relevant sociocognitive abilities is proposed. General guidelines for sound social cognition assessment in children and adolescents are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Beaudoin
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Miriam H Beauchamp
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Baker EK, Arpone M, Vera SA, Bretherton L, Ure A, Kraan CM, Bui M, Ling L, Francis D, Hunter MF, Elliott J, Rogers C, Field MJ, Cohen J, Maria LS, Faundes V, Curotto B, Morales P, Trigo C, Salas I, Alliende AM, Amor DJ, Godler DE. Intellectual functioning and behavioural features associated with mosaicism in fragile X syndrome. J Neurodev Disord 2019; 11:41. [PMID: 31878865 PMCID: PMC6933737 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-019-9288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a common cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) usually associated with a CGG expansion, termed full mutation (FM: CGG ≥ 200), increased DNA methylation of the FMR1 promoter and silencing of the gene. Mosaicism for presence of cells with either methylated FM or smaller unmethylated pre-mutation (PM: CGG 55–199) alleles in the same individual have been associated with better cognitive functioning. This study compares age- and sex-matched FM-only and PM/FM mosaic individuals on intellectual functioning, ASD features and maladaptive behaviours. Methods This study comprised a large international cohort of 126 male and female participants with FXS (aged 1.15 to 43.17 years) separated into FM-only and PM/FM mosaic groups (90 males, 77.8% FM-only; 36 females, 77.8% FM-only). Intellectual functioning was assessed with age appropriate developmental or intelligence tests. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2nd Edition was used to examine ASD features while the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community assessed maladaptive behaviours. Results Comparing males and females (FM-only + PM/FM mosaic), males had poorer intellectual functioning on all domains (p < 0.0001). Although females had less ASD features and less parent-reported maladaptive behaviours, these differences were no longer significant after controlling for intellectual functioning. Participants with PM/FM mosaicism, regardless of sex, presented with better intellectual functioning and less maladaptive behaviours compared with their age- and sex-matched FM-only counterparts (p < 0.05). ASD features were similar between FM-only and PM/FM mosaics within each sex, after controlling for overall intellectual functioning. Conclusions Males with FXS had significantly lower intellectual functioning than females with FXS. However, there were no significant differences in ASD features and maladaptive behaviours, after controlling for intellectual functioning, independent of the presence or absence of mosaicism. This suggests that interventions that primarily target cognitive abilities may in turn reduce the severity of maladaptive behaviours including ASD features in FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K Baker
- Diagnosis and Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
| | - Marta Arpone
- Diagnosis and Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Brain and Mind, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Solange Aliaga Vera
- Diagnosis and Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lesley Bretherton
- Brain and Mind, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra Ure
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Claudine M Kraan
- Diagnosis and Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Minh Bui
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ling Ling
- Diagnosis and Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Francis
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew F Hunter
- Department of Pediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Monash Genetics, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Justine Elliott
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carolyn Rogers
- Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael J Field
- Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan Cohen
- Fragile X Alliance Inc, Centre for Developmental Disability Health Victoria, Monash University, North Caulfield, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lorena Santa Maria
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victor Faundes
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bianca Curotto
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Morales
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cesar Trigo
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isabel Salas
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angelica M Alliende
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David J Amor
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David E Godler
- Diagnosis and Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Kover ST, Abbeduto L. Syntactic Ability of Girls With Fragile X Syndrome: Phonological Memory and Discourse Demands on Complex Sentence Use. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2019; 124:511-534. [PMID: 31756147 PMCID: PMC6876634 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-124.6.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to establish the extent of delay in complex sentence use by females with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and to identify sources of variability among individuals. Females with FXS (n = 16; 10;2-15;7) and younger typically developing girls (n = 17; 4;1-8;11) were group-wise matched on nonverbal cognition and receptive syntax. Language samples (conversation and narration) yielded syntactic complexity in terms of mean length of C-unit (MLCU) and Developmental Level sentence coding (DLevel; Rosenberg & Abbeduto, 1987 ). Complex syntax was not weaker than developmental expectations; however, MLCU was lower than expected for age. Phonological memory and verbal working memory correlated with measures of syntactic complexity in narration. Discourse demands may play an important role in the language produced by females with FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara T Kover
- Sara T. Kover, University of Washington; and Leonard Abbeduto, University of California, Davis
| | - Leonard Abbeduto
- Sara T. Kover, University of Washington; and Leonard Abbeduto, University of California, Davis
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Fernández-Sotos P, Torio I, Fernández-Caballero A, Navarro E, González P, Dompablo M, Rodriguez-Jimenez R. Social cognition remediation interventions: A systematic mapping review. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218720. [PMID: 31242255 PMCID: PMC6594616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Impairments in social cognition have been described in several psychiatric and neurological disorders. Given the importance of the relationship between social cognition and functioning and quality of life in these disorders, there is a growing interest in social cognition remediation interventions. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic mapping review to describe the state of the art in social cognition training and remediation interventions. Methods Publications from 2006 to 2016 on social cognition interventions were reviewed in four databases: Scopus, PsycINFO, PubMed and Embase. From the initial result set of 3229 publications, a final total of 241 publications were selected. Results The study revealed an increasing interest in social cognition remediation interventions, especially in the fields of psychiatry and psychology, with a gradual growth in the number of publications. These were frequently published in high impact factor journals and underpinned by robust scientific evidence. Most studies were conducted on schizophrenia, followed by autism spectrum disorders. Theory of mind and emotional processing were the focus of most interventions, whilst a limited number of studies addressed attributional bias and social perception. Targeted interventions in social cognition were the most frequent practice in the selected papers, followed by non-specific treatment interventions and broad-based interventions. Conclusions Research in social cognition remediation interventions is growing. Further studies are needed on attributional bias and social perception remediation programs, while the comparative efficacy of different interventions also remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Fernández-Sotos
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iosune Torio
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández-Caballero
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Informática de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
- Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Elena Navarro
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Informática de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
- Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Pascual González
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Informática de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
- Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Mónica Dompablo
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Madrid, Spain
- Cardenal Cisneros, Centro de Enseñanza Superior adscrito a la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Madrid, Spain
- CogPsy-Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Del Hoyo Soriano L, Thurman AJ, Harvey DJ, Ted Brown W, Abbeduto L. Genetic and maternal predictors of cognitive and behavioral trajectories in females with fragile X syndrome. J Neurodev Disord 2018; 10:22. [PMID: 29925305 PMCID: PMC6011256 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-018-9240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome, leading to decreased levels of FMR1 protein (FMRP), which causes the array of neuropsychological impairments that define FXS. Because FXS is an X-linked condition, fewer females display FXS and females with FXS are more mildly affected than males, on average. However, there is a considerable variability in terms of severity of affectedness among females with FXS. The current study was designed to investigate potential genetic (FMRP level and ratio of affected to total chromosomes) and environmental factors (maternal psychological distress and closeness in the mother–child relationship) influencing the cognitive (fluid and crystallized intelligence) and behavioral (anxiety and withdrawal) phenotype of females with FXS. Methods We conducted a prospective 3-year longitudinal study of 16 females with FXS (with up to four assessments, each separated by a year) using an accelerated longitudinal design so that we had coverage of the age range of 10–15 years at study start and 13–18 at study end. We focused on both the level of functioning related to chronological age expectations (standard scores) and absolute change in skill (raw scores) over the 3-year period. Results At a cross-sectional level, fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence were both predicted by a closer mother–child relationship and lower maternal psychological distress. However, only fluid intelligence was predicted by a lower ratio of affected to total chromosomes. Anxiety and withdrawal were predicted by a higher ratio of affected to total chromosomes. Withdrawal was also predicted by lower closeness in the mother–child relationship and higher maternal distress. In terms of longitudinal change, gains were observed in fluid and crystallized intelligence, whereas anxious and withdrawn behaviors remained stable over visits. Gains in fluid intelligence were solely predicted by FXS biomarkers (higher FMRP level and lower ratio of affected to total chromosomes), while gains in crystallized intelligence were not predicted by any of the biological and environmental variables. Conclusions Our results show that FXS biomarkers and maternal variables contribute differentially to the cognitive and behavioral features of the adolescent female with FXS. These findings can help in the design of treatment studies aimed at enhancing cognitive and behavioral abilities in the FXS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Del Hoyo Soriano
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, USA.
| | - Angela John Thurman
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, USA
| | - Danielle Jenine Harvey
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - W Ted Brown
- NY Institute for Basic Research on Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Leonard Abbeduto
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, USA
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Childhood Predictors of Young Adult Social Functioning in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 47:2480-2501. [PMID: 28527096 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The primary objectives of the current prospective longitudinal study were to (a) describe social functioning outcomes and (b) identify childhood predictors of social functioning in young adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). Childhood predictors of young adult social functioning were examined. Family environment and parental stress in adolescence were investigated as potential mediators between childhood variables and adult social functioning. Parent rated childhood internalizing symptoms significantly predicted young adult social functioning in 22q11.2DS, even after controlling for concurrent positive symptoms of psychosis, and problem behaviors contributing to parenting stress in adolescence partially mediated this relationship. These findings highlight child internalizing symptoms and adolescent problem behaviors as potential targets for social functioning interventions in 22q11.2DS.
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Morel A, Demily C. Cognition sociale dans les troubles neuro-génétiques de l’enfant : revue de la littérature. Arch Pediatr 2017; 24:757-765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Budimirovic DB, Berry-Kravis E, Erickson CA, Hall SS, Hessl D, Reiss AL, King MK, Abbeduto L, Kaufmann WE. Updated report on tools to measure outcomes of clinical trials in fragile X syndrome. J Neurodev Disord 2017; 9:14. [PMID: 28616097 PMCID: PMC5467057 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-017-9193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fragile X syndrome (FXS) has been the neurodevelopmental disorder with the most active translation of preclinical breakthroughs into clinical trials. This process has led to a critical assessment of outcome measures, which resulted in a comprehensive review published in 2013. Nevertheless, the disappointing outcome of several recent phase III drug trials in FXS, and parallel efforts at evaluating behavioral endpoints for trials in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), has emphasized the need for re-assessing outcome measures and revising recommendations for FXS. METHODS After performing an extensive database search (PubMed, Food and Drug Administration (FDA)/National Institutes of Health (NIH)'s www.ClinicalTrials.gov, etc.) to determine progress since 2013, members of the Working Groups who published the 2013 Report evaluated the available outcome measures for FXS and related neurodevelopmental disorders using the COSMIN grading system of levels of evidence. The latter has also been applied to a British survey of endpoints for ASD. In addition, we also generated an informal classification of outcome measures for use in FXS intervention studies as instruments appropriate to detect shorter- or longer-term changes. RESULTS To date, a total of 22 double-blind controlled clinical trials in FXS have been identified through www.ClinicalTrials.gov and an extensive literature search. The vast majority of these FDA/NIH-registered clinical trials has been completed between 2008 and 2015 and has targeted the core excitatory/inhibitory imbalance present in FXS and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Limited data exist on reliability and validity for most tools used to measure cognitive, behavioral, and other problems in FXS in these trials and other studies. Overall, evidence for most tools supports a moderate tool quality grading. Data on sensitivity to treatment, currently under evaluation, could improve ratings for some cognitive and behavioral tools. Some progress has also been made at identifying promising biomarkers, mainly on blood-based and neurophysiological measures. CONCLUSION Despite the tangible progress in implementing clinical trials in FXS, the increasing data on measurement properties of endpoints, and the ongoing process of new tool development, the vast majority of outcome measures are at the moderate quality level with limited information on reliability, validity, and sensitivity to treatment. This situation is not unique to FXS, since reviews of endpoints for ASD have arrived at similar conclusions. These findings, in conjunction with the predominance of parent-based measures particularly in the behavioral domain, indicate that endpoint development in FXS needs to continue with an emphasis on more objective measures (observational, direct testing, biomarkers) that reflect meaningful improvements in quality of life. A major continuous challenge is the development of measurement tools concurrently with testing drug safety and efficacy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan B. Budimirovic
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Kennedy Krieger Institute and Child Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 716 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Elizabeth Berry-Kravis
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurological Sciences, Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 West Harrison, Suite 718, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Craig A. Erickson
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue MLC 4002, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Scott S. Hall
- Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - David Hessl
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis Medical Center, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Allan L. Reiss
- Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Radiology and Pediatrics, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Margaret K. King
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Present address: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, US Medical, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, NJ 07936 USA
| | - Leonard Abbeduto
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis Medical Center, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Walter E. Kaufmann
- Center for Translational Research, Greenwood Genetic Center, 113 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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13
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Martin GE, Barstein J, Hornickel J, Matherly S, Durante G, Losh M. Signaling of noncomprehension in communication breakdowns in fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, and autism spectrum disorder. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2017; 65:22-34. [PMID: 28161297 PMCID: PMC5340195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The ability to indicate a failure to understand a message is a critical pragmatic (social) language skill for managing communication breakdowns and supporting successful communicative exchanges. The current study examined the ability to signal noncomprehension across different types of confusing message conditions in children and adolescents with fragile X syndrome (FXS), Down syndrome (DS), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and typical development (TD). Controlling for nonverbal mental age and receptive vocabulary skills, youth with comorbid FXS and ASD and those with DS were less likely than TD controls to signal noncomprehension of confusing messages. Youth with FXS without ASD and those with idiopathic ASD did not differ from controls. No sex differences were detected in any group. Findings contribute to current knowledge of pragmatic profiles in different forms of genetically-based neurodevelopmental disorders associated with intellectual disability, and the role of sex in the expression of such profiles. LEARNING OUTCOMES Upon completion of this article, readers will have learned about: (1) the social-communicative profiles of youth with FXS, DS, and ASD, (2) the importance of signaling noncomprehension in response to a confusing message, and (3) the similarities and differences in noncomprehension signaling in youth with FXS (with and without ASD), DS, idiopathic ASD, and TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Martin
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, St. John's University, Staten Island, NY, USA.
| | - Jamie Barstein
- Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jane Hornickel
- Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sara Matherly
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Genna Durante
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Molly Losh
- Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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