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Cohen TD, Koller J, Duku E, Kata A, Anderson C, Bennett T, Cauwenbergs A, Dekker K, DiRezze B, Drmic I, Eerkes J, Gentles SJ, Georgiades K, Hoult L, De Camargo OK, Mahoney B, Mesterman R, Ng O, Robertson S, Roncadin C, Georgiades S. The Association Between Autism Symptomatology and Adaptive Functioning Over Six Months: Findings from the Pilot Phase of the PARC Study. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06460-w. [PMID: 38990370 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06460-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the context of developmental trajectories, the association between adaptive functioning and core autism symptomatology remains unclear. The current study examines the associations of adaptive behavior with autism symptom sub-domains and with different facets of symptom expression. METHODS Participants include 36 children with a recent diagnosis of autism (33 males; mean age = 56.4 months; SD = 9 months). Families were recruited in the context of the Pediatric Autism Research Cohort (PARC) project. Parents filled out questionnaires at two time points, six months apart, regarding their child's autism symptoms and adaptive functioning. The longitudinal relationship between adaptive functioning and autism symptoms was investigated using Mixed Linear Model analyses: one assessing the relationship between general symptom levels and adaptive functioning, and another examining the associations between symptom frequency and impact with adaptive functioning. We conducted Pearson correlation tests at both time points to assess the associations between symptom sub-domains and adaptive functioning. RESULTS Findings showed that higher autism symptoms associated with lower adaptive behavior skills, and that this association remained stable over time. Autism impact scores did not significantly relate to adaptive skills, as opposed to frequency scores. Associations between adaptive functioning and autism symptom sub-domains strengthened over time. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that adaptive functioning is associated with parent-report autism symptomatology, and that this association changes and, on average, becomes stronger over time. Findings may indicate that frequency and impact of symptoms have differential roles in the development of adaptive skills and are worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar David Cohen
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Seymour Fox School of Education, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Judah Koller
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Seymour Fox School of Education, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eric Duku
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Kata
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Teresa Bennett
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Kathleen Dekker
- Autism Program, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Briano DiRezze
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Irene Drmic
- Autism Program, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Judy Eerkes
- Autism Program, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen J Gentles
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kathy Georgiades
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lorraine Hoult
- Autism Program, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Olaf Kraus De Camargo
- McMaster University, Pediatrics, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bill Mahoney
- McMaster University, Pediatrics, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Olivia Ng
- Developmental Pediatrics and Rehabilitation Program, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sue Robertson
- Developmental Pediatrics and Rehabilitation Program, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Stelios Georgiades
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Klein CB, Klinger LG. Aging Well and Autism: A Narrative Review and Recommendations for Future Research. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1207. [PMID: 38921321 PMCID: PMC11203987 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12121207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
With autism first recognized in the 1940s, the early cohorts of autistic children are beginning to enter older adulthood. Little is known about the experiences and outcomes of autistic older adults. In the general population, "successful aging" is a dominant model among gerontologists and is used to evaluate outcomes in older adulthood. This narrative review aims to provide a framework for understanding and supporting successful aging in older autistic adults. Using Fernández-Ballesteros' four-domain model of "aging well" we review knowledge on aging and autism by examining outcomes in health and functioning, cognitive and physical functioning, positive affect and control, and social participation and engagement. Findings indicate that outcomes in autistic older adults are generally poor, marked by increased medical conditions, low adaptive skills, elevated risk of cognitive decline, limited physical activity, high rates of mental health conditions, low quality of life, and reduced social or community participation. Patterns of challenges are similar across cognitive abilities and profiles of autistic traits. Challenges and next steps in aging and autism research are identified, and future directions for the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire B. Klein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- UNC TEACCH Autism Program, Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Laura G. Klinger
- UNC TEACCH Autism Program, Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Dakopolos A, Condy E, Smith E, Harvey D, Kaat AJ, Coleman J, Riley K, Berry-Kravis E, Hessl D. Developmental associations between cognition and adaptive behavior in intellectual and developmental disability. J Neurodev Disord 2024; 16:31. [PMID: 38872099 PMCID: PMC11177479 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-024-09542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) are associated with both cognitive challenges and difficulties in conceptual, social, and practical areas of living, commonly referred to as adaptive behavior (DSM-5). Although cross-sectional associations between intelligence or cognition and adaptive behavior have been reported in IDD populations, no study to date has examined whether developmental changes in cognition contribute to or track with changes in adaptive behavior. The present study sought to examine associations of longitudinal developmental change in domains of cognition (NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery, NIHTB-CB) and adaptive behavior domains (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-3; VABS-3) including Socialization, Communication, and Daily Living Skills (DLS) over a two year period in a large sample of children, adolescents and young adults with IDD. METHODS Three groups were recruited, including those with fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, and other/idiopathic intellectual disability. Eligible participants (n = 263) included those who were between 6 and 26 years (mage = 15.52, sd = 5.17) at Visit 1, and who had a diagnosis of, or suspected intellectual disability (ID), including borderline ID, with a mental age of at least 3.0 years. Participants were given cognitive and adaptive behavior assessments at two time points over a two year period (m = 2.45 years, range = 1.27 to 5.56 years). In order to examine the association of developmental change between cognitive and adaptive behavior domains, bivariate latent change score (BLCS) models were fit to compare change in the three cognitive domains measured by the NIHTB-CB (Fluid Cognition, Crystallized Cognition, Total Cognition) and the three adaptive behavior domains measured by the VABS-3 (Communication, DLS, and Socialization). RESULTS Over a two year period, change in cognition (both Crystallized and Total Composites) was significantly and positively associated with change in daily living skills. Also, baseline cognition level predicted growth in adaptive behavior, however baseline adaptive behavior did not predict growth in cognition in any model. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that developmental changes in cognition and adaptive behavior are associated in children and young adults with IDD, indicating the potential for cross-domain effects of intervention. Notably, improvements in DLS emerged as a primary area of adaptive behavior that positively related to improvements in cognition. This work provides evidence for the clinical, "real life" meaningfulness of changes in cognition detected by the NIHTB-CB in IDD, and provides empirical support for the NIHTB-CB as a fit-for-purpose performance-based outcome measure for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dakopolos
- UC Davis MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Emma Condy
- Hofstra University, 1000 Hempstead Tpke, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | - Elizabeth Smith
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, UC Davis, Medical Sciences 1C, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Aaron J Kaat
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Ave Suite 2700, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jeanine Coleman
- Regis University, 3333 Regis Boulevard, Denver, CO, 80221, USA
| | - Karen Riley
- Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania, 104 Maltby Ave, Slippery Rock, PA, 16057, USA
| | | | - David Hessl
- UC Davis MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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Gentles SJ, Ng-Cordell EC, Hunsche MC, McVey AJ, Bednar ED, DeGroote MG, Chen YJ, Duku E, Kerns CM, Banfield L, Szatmari P, Georgiades S. Trajectory research in children with an autism diagnosis: A scoping review. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:540-564. [PMID: 37194194 PMCID: PMC10913344 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231170280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT The types of outcomes studied in children on the autism spectrum include clinical characteristics, such as social functioning, communication, language, or autism symptoms. Research that measures these outcomes at multiple timepoints is useful to improve our understanding of what to expect as children develop. In trajectory studies, researchers assess outcomes at three or more timepoints. This method has advantages over two-timepoint studies because it allows researchers to describe changes in the speed of development, such as accelerations, plateaus, or slowdowns. We identified and reviewed 103 published trajectory studies in children (to age 18 years) with an autism diagnosis. Importantly, we did not include studies of treatments or their effects, nor did we summarize the results of studies. Instead, this review summarizes the characteristics of the available published research, including the methods used, the many different outcomes that have been studied over time and the ages over which they have been studied. This summary may be of interest to autistic people and caregivers (parents) who want to know about the existence of research that provides answers about what to expect during an autistic child's development. We have recommended that future trajectory research efforts try to make up for the lack of studies from low- and middle-income countries; that more attention is given to the following outcomes that are meaningful to caregivers and autistic people; and to try to fill in the age gaps where more outcome-specific data are needed.
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5
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Dakopolos A, Condy E, Smith E, Harvey D, Kaat AJ, Coleman J, Riley K, Berry-Kravis E, Hessl D. Developmental Associations between Cognition and Adaptive Behavior in Intellectual and Developmental Disability. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3684708. [PMID: 38260292 PMCID: PMC10802716 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3684708/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) are associated with both cognitive challenges and difficulties in conceptual, social, and practical areas of living (DSM-5). Individuals with IDD often present with an intellectual disability in addition to a developmental disability such as autism or Down syndrome. Those with IDD may present with deficits in intellectual functioning as well as adaptive functioning that interfere with independence and living skills. The present study sought to examine associations of longitudinal developmental change in domains of cognition (NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery, NIHTB-CB) and adaptive behavior domains (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-3; VABS-3) including Socialization, Communication, and Daily Living Skills (DLS) over a two-year period. Methods Eligible participants for this multisite longitudinal study included those who were between 6 and 26 years at Visit 1, and who had a diagnosis of, or suspected intellectual disability (ID), including borderline ID. Three groups were recruited, including those with fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, and other/idiopathic intellectual disability. In order to examine the association of developmental change between cognitive and adaptive behavior domains, bivariate latent change score (BLCS) models were fit to compare change in the three cognitive domains measured by the NIHTB-CB (Fluid, Crystallized, Composite) and the three adaptive behavior domains measured by the VABS-3 (Communication, DLS, and Socialization). Results Over a two-year period, change in cognition (both Crystalized and Composite) was significantly and positively associated with change in daily living skills. Also, baseline cognition level predicted growth in adaptive behavior, however baseline adaptive behavior did not predict growth in cognition in any model. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that developmental improvements in cognition and adaptive behavior are associated in children and young adults with IDD, indicating the potential for cross-domain effects of intervention. Notably, improvements in Daily Living Skills on the VABS-3 emerged as a primary area of adaptive behavior that positively related to improvements in cognition. This work provides evidence for the clinical, "real life" meaningfulness of the NIHTB-CB in IDD, and important empirical support for the NIHTB-CB as a fit-for-purpose performance-based outcome measure for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth Smith
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Burnet Campus: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | | | - Aaron J Kaat
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
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Tsiplova K, Ungar WJ. Why it is so challenging to perform economic evaluations of interventions in autism and what to do about it. Autism Res 2023; 16:2061-2070. [PMID: 37606004 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Economic evaluation is used to determine the optimal provision of services and programs under budget constraints and to inform public and private payer funding decisions. To maximize value-for-money in the design and delivery of programs and services for persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it's essential to generate high-quality economic evidence to inform budget allocation. There is a paucity however, of economic evaluations of interventions for ASD. This is due in part to challenges in conducting economic evaluations in this population and the lack of guidance on suitable approaches. These challenges are related to the inherent heterogeneity of the autistic population; establishing short- and long-term effectiveness; measurement of costs and the availability of valid instruments for collecting economic data; the appropriateness of outcomes for use in economic evaluation; and achieving statistical power. This commentary addresses a lack of awareness and needed guidance on these issues by discussing the challenges and providing recommendations for how economic evaluations in ASD could be improved to generate high-quality evidence for program funding decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Tsiplova
- Program of Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wendy J Ungar
- Program of Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Kalvin CB, Jordan R, Rowley S, Weis AL, Ibrahim K, Sukhodolsky DG. Aggression Is Associated With Social Adaptive Functioning in Children With ASD and Anxiety. FOCUS ON AUTISM AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 38:168-176. [PMID: 38469453 PMCID: PMC10927274 DOI: 10.1177/10883576231165265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Social adaptive functioning is notably compromised and may be further impaired by aggressive behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study examined the association between aggressive behavior and social adaptive skills in children with ASD and the contribution of aggressive behavior to social adaptive skills in a combined sample of children with and without ASD. Participants consisted of children, ages 8 to 15 years, with ASD (n = 52) and who were typically developing (n = 29). Results indicate that aggressive behavior is negatively associated with social adaptive skills in children with ASD and that it contributes to reduced social adaptive functioning above and beyond ASD diagnosis. Findings underscore the importance of considering the role of aggressive behavior when evaluating and promoting social functioning in children with ASD.
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Yon-Hernández JA, Canal-Bedia R, Wojcik DZ, García-García L, Fernández-Álvarez C, Palacio-Duque S, Franco-Martín MA. Executive functions in daily living skills: A study in adults with autism spectrum disorder. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1109561. [PMID: 37113122 PMCID: PMC10127455 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1109561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adults with autism and adults with schizophrenia show difficulties in adaptive skills, especially those related to daily functioning. Some studies suggest that adaptive skills are associated with deficits in executive functions (EF), while others indicate that intelligence quotient (IQ) might also play a role. Literature suggests that autistic symptoms further affect adaptive skills. The interest of the current study, therefore, was to explore to what extent IQ, EFs as well as core autistic symptoms predict adaptive skills. Methods To do this, 25 controls, 24 adults with autism, and 12 with schizophrenia were assessed on IQ (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale), and executive functioning. The EF was measured with neuropsychological tasks (inhibition, updating, and task switching) and with the Dysexecutive-Spanish Questionnaire (DEX-Sp) which assessed everyday life EF problems. Core ASD symptoms were measured using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, the Autism Spectrum Quotient-Short version (AQ-S), and the Repetitive Behavior Questionnaire - 3 (RBQ-3). Results The results indicated EF difficulties in both, autism and schizophrenia. The IQ explained a high percentage of the variance found in adaptive skills, but only in the autism group. We can conclude, therefore, that high IQ is associated with low adaptive skills levels and EFs affect adaptive functioning in people with autism; however, this does not explain the difficulties in adaptive functioning in the schizophrenia group. Core features of autism assessed with self-report questionnaires (but not the ADOS-2) predicted low scores on the adaptive skills, only in the autism group. Discussion Both EF measures predicted adaptive skills scores in autism, but not in schizophrenia. Our results suggest that different factors affect the adaptive functioning in each disorder. For instance, the EFs should be a central focus for improvement, especially for individuals with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo A. Yon-Hernández
- Instituto Universitario de Integración en la Comunidad, InFoAutismo, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ricardo Canal-Bedia
- Instituto Universitario de Integración en la Comunidad, InFoAutismo, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ricardo Canal-Bedia,
| | - Dominika Z. Wojcik
- Instituto Universitario de Integración en la Comunidad, InFoAutismo, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Clara Fernández-Álvarez
- Instituto Universitario de Integración en la Comunidad, InFoAutismo, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Stefanny Palacio-Duque
- Instituto Universitario de Integración en la Comunidad, InFoAutismo, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Franco-Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Zamora Hospital (Complejo Asistencial de Zamora), Zamora, Spain
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Farmer C, Thurm A, Condy E, Duku E, Szatmari P, Bennett T, Elsabbagh M, Kerns CM, Smith IM, Vaillancourt T, Zaidman-Zait A, Zwaigenbaum L, Georgiades S. Disentangling global and domain-level adaptive behavior trajectories among children with autism spectrum disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 64:868-875. [PMID: 36562498 PMCID: PMC10369325 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneity in adaptive behavior abilities among people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is expressed not only as uneven levels of impairment across domains, but also in the developmental trajectories of adaptive skills. We studied the question of whether, after accounting for global adaptive behavior development, we find evidence of heterogeneity in the trajectories of specific domains of adaptive behavior. METHODS A sample of 504 children with ASD was obtained by combining data from two independent natural history studies conducted in North America. We used a factor of curves model to explain growth between 36 and 138 months in Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (VABS) age equivalents as a function of domain-specific and global growth processes. RESULTS The domain-specific trajectories in all three domains (Communication, Daily Living Skills, and Socialization) reflected impairment relative to age expectations as well as slower-than-expected growth with age, and the parameters of these trajectories were moderately-to-strongly correlated across domains. The global adaptive behavior trajectory had an initial (36-41 months of age) developmental level of about 22 age-equivalent months, and eventually slowed after initially increasing by about 6 months each year. The global trajectory accounted for the majority of variance in the domain-level processes; however, additional variance remained (14%-38%) in the domain-level intercepts, slopes, and quadratic processes. CONCLUSIONS These results extend existing theoretical and empirical support for the hierarchical structure of adaptive behavior to include its development over time in clinical samples of children with ASD. A latent global trajectory may be sufficient to describe the growth of adaptive behavior in children with ASD; however, the remaining domain-specific variability after accounting for global adaptive behavior development allows for the possibility that differential effects of intervention on specific domains may be possible and detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristan Farmer
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Audrey Thurm
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emma Condy
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric Duku
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Alfieri P, Scibelli F, Montanaro FAM, Digilio MC, Ravà L, Valeri G, Vicari S. Differences and Similarities in Adaptive Functioning between Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Williams-Beuren Syndrome: A Longitudinal Study. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071266. [PMID: 35886049 PMCID: PMC9324410 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The last decade has seen a growing number of comparative studies on adaptive profiles between individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Williams–Beuren syndrome (WBS), showing shared and syndrome-specific adaptive trajectories. Studies have revealed similarities in global adaptive profiles across conditions, while some differences have been found in preschoolers on the specific sub-domains of communication and socialization. However, the majority of studies that have focused on the differences in adaptive functioning across these two conditions used a cross-sectional design. To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies exploring the differences and similarities of adaptive functioning over time. Methods: We compared longitudinal data of adaptive functioning measured by Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) between two samples of children and adolescents with ASD and WBS, matched for chronological age and cognitive/developmental level at the time of the first evaluation. Results and Conclusions: We did not find any difference on the global adaptive level, both at the first evaluation and over time. However, significant differences emerged on the socialization and communication levels at the time of recruitment. Longitudinal data show that only the socialization domain remains different over time, with individuals with WBS having better functioning than those with ASD. The results on shared and distinct patterns of adaptive functioning between disorders are discussed from a developmental perspective, thus contributing to the implementation of age-specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Alfieri
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00153 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (F.A.M.M.); (G.V.); (S.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-066-859-4721
| | - Francesco Scibelli
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00153 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (F.A.M.M.); (G.V.); (S.V.)
| | - Federica Alice Maria Montanaro
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00153 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (F.A.M.M.); (G.V.); (S.V.)
| | | | - Lucilla Ravà
- Epidemiology Institute, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Valeri
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00153 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (F.A.M.M.); (G.V.); (S.V.)
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00153 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (F.A.M.M.); (G.V.); (S.V.)
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Stevens MA, Selders KJ, Jeckel O, Brownfield V, Nowell KP. An Evaluation of Parent and Teacher Discrepancies on an Adaptive Behavior Measure for Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, and Global Developmental Delay. J Autism Dev Disord 2022:10.1007/s10803-022-05550-x. [PMID: 35445930 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive evaluations include data from multiple informants, but discrepancies occur on adaptive skill measures of youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disabilities (ID). This study investigated discrepancies between parent-teacher ratings on a measure of adaptive behavior [Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Third Edition (ABAS-3)] in a clinical sample of 115 youth. Agreement between informants was determined and then discrepancies were identified using paired-sample t-tests for the whole sample and subsamples. Factors associated with parent-teacher discrepancies were investigated including age, diagnoses, IQ, autism symptomology, and parent education. Parent-teacher scores were moderately correlated for the ABAS-3 composite and domains. Teachers rated youth with ASD and ID as having higher adaptive skills. Autism symptomology significantly predicted discrepancies between informants on the ABAS-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory A Stevens
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Missouri, 16 Hill Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Kimberly J Selders
- Department of Special Education, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Olivia Jeckel
- Department of Psychological Services, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Kerri P Nowell
- Department of Health Psychology, Thompson Center for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorder, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Chaxiong P, Burrows C, Botteron KN, Dager SR, Estes AM, Hazlett HC, Schultz RT, Zwaigenbaum L, Piven J, Wolff J. Relations of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors to Social Skills in Toddlers with Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2022; 52:1423-1434. [PMID: 33956255 PMCID: PMC8571122 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We examined the relations of restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB; insistence on sameness, repetitive sensory-motor, self-injurious behavior) to social skills overall and aspects that comprise social skills as measured by the VABS-II (coping skills, play/leisure time, interpersonal relationships) in 24- (n = 63) and 36-month old (n = 35), high-familial-risk toddlers with ASD. Hierarchical linear regression results indicated that repetitive sensory-motor was the best predictor of social skills overall. Secondary results indicated that all three RRB subtypes were associated with each subdomain of social skills; however, repetitive sensory-motor was the strongest and most consistent among these effects. While our results suggests a general negative relation of subtypes of RRB to aspects of adaptive social function, repetitive sensory-motor behaviors may be of particular relevance to the development of social skills during toddlerhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang Chaxiong
- University of Minnesota, 56 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Catherine Burrows
- University of Minnesota, 56 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Kelly N Botteron
- Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Stephen R Dager
- University of Washington, 1701 NE Columbia Rd, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Annette M Estes
- University of Washington, 1701 NE Columbia Rd, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Heather C Hazlett
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 321 S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Robert T Schultz
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Joseph Piven
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 321 S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Jason Wolff
- University of Minnesota, 56 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Schalock RL, Luckasson R, Tassé MJ. Ongoing Transformation in the Field of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Taking Action for Future Progress. INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 59:380-391. [PMID: 34551100 DOI: 10.1352/1934-9556-59.5.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There has been a significant transformation in the field of intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) over the last 5 decades. Although this transformation has profoundly influenced multiple stakeholders, the field is currently at a critical juncture and facing a number of social and political challenges. Given the relevance of the question, "where is the field of IDD and where do we go," the present article describes the field's transformation, and suggests future action steps to facilitate and sustain the transformation. The seven action steps discussed in the article relate to using precise terminology, incorporating a functional and holistic approach to IDD, embracing the supports model and evidence-based practices, implementing outcome evaluation, empowering individuals and families, understanding better the multidimensional properties of context, and incorporating an explicit notion of professional responsibility.
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Gengoux GW, Schwartzman JM, Millan ME, Schuck RK, Ruiz AA, Weng Y, Long J, Hardan AY. Enhancing Social Initiations Using Naturalistic Behavioral Intervention: Outcomes from a Randomized Controlled Trial for Children with Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 51:3547-3563. [PMID: 33387236 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in social skills are common in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and there is an urgent need for effective social skills interventions, especially for improving interactions with typically developing peers. This study examined the effects of a naturalistic behavioral social skills intervention in improving social initiations to peers through a randomized controlled trial. Analyses of multimethod, multi-informant measures indicated that children in the active group (SIMI) demonstrated greater improvement in the types of initiations which were systematically prompted and reinforced during treatment (i.e., behavior regulation). Generalization to joint attention and social interaction initiation types, as well as collateral gains in broader social functioning on clinician- and parent-rated standardized measures were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace W Gengoux
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5719, USA.
| | - Jessica M Schwartzman
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5719, USA.,Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1501 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37209, USA
| | - M Estefania Millan
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5719, USA
| | - Rachel K Schuck
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5719, USA.,University of California Santa Barbara, Special Education, Disability, and Risk Studies, 18 Ocean Road, Santa Barbara, CA, 93117, USA
| | - Andrés A Ruiz
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5719, USA.,Sharp Health Care, Sharp Mesa Vista Hospital, 7850 Vista Hill Ave., San Diego, CA, 92123, USA
| | - Yingjie Weng
- Department of Medicine, Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University, 1701 Page Mill, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Jin Long
- Department of Medicine, Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University, 1701 Page Mill, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Antonio Y Hardan
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5719, USA
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