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Ito S, Chambers JK, Son NV, Kita C, Ise KI, Miwa Y, Nakayama H, Uchida K. Hamster polyomavirus-associated T-cell lymphomas in Syrian hamsters ( Mesocricetus auratus). Vet Pathol 2023; 60:267-275. [PMID: 36537739 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221140823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hamster polyomavirus (HaPyV) infection has been associated with lymphomas in Syrian hamsters. In the present study, 14 cases of lymphoma in pet Syrian hamsters were pathologically examined and the involvement of HaPyV was investigated. Among 14 cases, 11 were abdominal and 3 were cutaneous lymphomas. The average ages of hamsters with abdominal lymphoma and cutaneous lymphoma were 7 months (range: 4-12 months) and 14 months (range: 6-23 months), respectively. Histologically, abdominal lymphomas were characterized by the diffuse growth of tumor cells with intermediate or large nuclei, low mitotic rates, the presence of tingible body macrophages, and the T-cell immunophenotype. Furthermore, 4/11 abdominal lymphomas were immunopositive for T-cell intracellular antigen-1, suggesting cytotoxic T-cell lymphomas. Cutaneous lymphomas were diagnosed as nonepitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected HaPyV DNA in 12/14 samples, and a sequence analysis of PCR amplicons confirmed >99% nucleotide identity to the published HaPyV sequences. In situ hybridization (ISH) for HaPyV DNA resulted in diffuse nuclear signals within tumor cells in 10/14 cases. Consistent with previous findings, all HaPyV-associated lymphomas were observed in the abdominal cavity of young hamsters. Polymerase chain reaction and ISH were useful for identifying the involvement of HaPyV in lymphomas, and ISH results indicated the presence of episomal HaPyV in neoplastic lymphocytes. The present study suggests that HaPyV infection is highly involved in abdominal lymphomas in young pet Syrian hamsters in Japan and provides diagnostic information on HaPyV-associated lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Ito
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nguyen Vu Son
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chiaki Kita
- Shikoku Cytopathological Laboratory, Takamatsu-shi, Japan
| | | | - Yasutsugu Miwa
- Miwa Exotic Animal Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Vision Vets Group Lab, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Cooper TK, Meyerholz DK, Beck AP, Delaney MA, Piersigilli A, Southard TL, Brayton CF. Research-Relevant Conditions and Pathology of Laboratory Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Guinea Pigs, Hamsters, Naked Mole Rats, and Rabbits. ILAR J 2022; 62:77-132. [PMID: 34979559 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals are valuable resources in biomedical research in investigations of biological processes, disease pathogenesis, therapeutic interventions, safety, toxicity, and carcinogenicity. Interpretation of data from animals requires knowledge not only of the processes or diseases (pathophysiology) under study but also recognition of spontaneous conditions and background lesions (pathology) that can influence or confound the study results. Species, strain/stock, sex, age, anatomy, physiology, spontaneous diseases (noninfectious and infectious), and neoplasia impact experimental results and interpretation as well as animal welfare. This review and the references selected aim to provide a pathology resource for researchers, pathologists, and veterinary personnel who strive to achieve research rigor and validity and must understand the spectrum of "normal" and expected conditions to accurately identify research-relevant experimental phenotypes as well as unusual illness, pathology, or other conditions that can compromise studies involving laboratory mice, rats, gerbils, guinea pigs, hamsters, naked mole rats, and rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Amanda P Beck
- Department of Pathology, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Martha A Delaney
- Zoological Pathology Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Alessandra Piersigilli
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology and the Genetically Modified Animal Phenotyping Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Teresa L Southard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Cory F Brayton
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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3
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Miao J, Li R, Wettere AJV, Guo H, Tabaran AF, O'Sullivan MG, Carlson T, Scott PM, Chen K, Gao D, Li H, Wang Y, Wang Z, Cormier RT. Cancer spectrum in TP53-deficient golden Syrian hamsters: A new model for Li-Fraumeni syndrome. J Carcinog 2021; 20:18. [PMID: 34729050 PMCID: PMC8531574 DOI: 10.4103/jcar.jcar_18_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The TP53 tumor suppressor gene is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancers. Humans who inherit mutant TP53 alleles develop a wide range of early onset cancers, a disorder called Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS). Trp53-deficient mice recapitulate most but not all of the cancer phenotypes observed in TP53-deficient human cancers, indicating that new animal models may complement current mouse models and better inform on human disease development. Materials and Methods: The recent application of CRISPR/Cas9 genetic engineering technology has permitted the emergence of golden Syrian hamsters as genetic models for wide range of diseases, including cancer. Here, the first cancer phenotype of TP53 knockout golden Syrian hamsters is described. Results: Hamsters that are homozygous for TP53 mutations become moribund on average ~ 139 days of age, while hamsters that are heterozygous become moribund at ~ 286 days. TP53 homozygous knockout hamsters develop a wide range of cancers, often synchronous and metastatic to multiple tissues, including lymphomas, several sarcomas, especially hemangiosarcomas, myeloid leukemias and several carcinomas. TP53 heterozygous mutants develop a more restricted tumor spectrum, primarily lymphomas. Conclusions: Overall, hamsters may provide insights into how TP53 deficiency leads to cancer in humans and can become a new model to test novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Miao
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA.,Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Arnaud J Van Wettere
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Haoran Guo
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Alexandru-Flaviu Tabaran
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - M Gerald O'Sullivan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Timothy Carlson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Patricia M Scott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Kuisheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dongling Gao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huixiang Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yaohe Wang
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Robert T Cormier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
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4
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Cheleuitte-Nieves C, Kitz SV, Monette S. First reported case of a histiocytic sarcoma in an Armenian hamster ( Cricetulus migratorius). Lab Anim 2021; 55:560-567. [PMID: 34353145 DOI: 10.1177/00236772211033672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 14-month-old male Armenian hamster (Cricetulus migratorius) presented with a spontaneous, subcutaneous, firm mass (4.0 × 2.0 × 1.5 cm) on the ventral neck extending towards the cheek pouch causing multifocal small oral ulcerations. This animal was immunized subcutaneously on the dorsal neck for the development of monoclonal antibodies seven months before presentation. The animal was euthanized and necropsy was performed. Histopathology of the mass showed a well demarcated, multilobulated, unencapsulated, highly cellular, neoplastic mass composed of spindle cells arranged in interlacing streams and bundles, with a moderate amount of fibrovascular stroma. The neoplastic cells exhibited indistinct cell borders and a moderate to large amount of eosinophilic, fibrillar cytoplasm, marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, binucleated and multinucleated cells, and high mitotic rate. Based on the histomorphologic features of the mass, and the presence of renal tubular hyaline globules and myeloid hyperplasia in the bone marrow, a diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma was made. The presumptive diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, upon which the neoplastic cells showed strong immunoreactivity for the histiocytic cell markers Iba1 and CD11b. Histiocytic sarcomas have been reported in Syrian (Mesocricetus auratus) and Siberian dwarf (Phodopus sungorus) hamsters but, to our knowledge, the current report represents the first case of histiocytic sarcoma described in an Armenian hamster. It is plausible to consider the animal's experimental immunization history and the development of the histiocytic sarcoma to be related. An association between adjuvanted vaccines and soft-tissue sarcomas has been described in cats and referred to as feline injection-site sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Cheleuitte-Nieves
- Center of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, USA
| | - Sarah V Kitz
- Center of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, USA.,Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and The Rockefeller University, USA
| | - Sébastien Monette
- Center of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, USA.,Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and The Rockefeller University, USA
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5
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Jandrig B, Krause H, Zimmermann W, Vasiliunaite E, Gedvilaite A, Ulrich RG. Hamster Polyomavirus Research: Past, Present, and Future. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050907. [PMID: 34068409 PMCID: PMC8153644 DOI: 10.3390/v13050907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hamster polyomavirus (Mesocricetus auratus polyomavirus 1, HaPyV) was discovered as one of the first rodent polyomaviruses at the end of the 1960s in a colony of Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) affected by skin tumors. Natural HaPyV infections have been recorded in Syrian hamster colonies due to the occurrence of skin tumors and lymphomas. HaPyV infections of Syrian hamsters represent an important and pioneering tumor model. Experimental infections of Syrian hamsters of different colonies are still serving as model systems (e.g., mesothelioma). The observed phylogenetic relationship of HaPyV to murine polyomaviruses within the genus Alphapolyomavirus, and the exclusive detection of other cricetid polyomaviruses, i.e., common vole (Microtus arvalis polyomavirus 1) and bank vole (Myodes glareolus polyomavirus 1) polyomaviruses, in the genus Betapolyomavirus, must be considered with caution, as knowledge of rodent-associated polyomaviruses is still limited. The genome of HaPyV shows the typical organization of polyomaviruses with an early and a late transcriptional region. The early region encodes three tumor (T) antigens including a middle T antigen; the late region encodes three capsid proteins. The major capsid protein VP1 of HaPyV was established as a carrier for the generation of autologous, chimeric, and mosaic virus-like particles (VLPs) with a broad range of applications, e.g., for the production of epitope-specific antibodies. Autologous VLPs have been applied for entry and maturation studies of dendritic cells. The generation of chimeric and mosaic VLPs indicated the high flexibility of the VP1 carrier protein for the insertion of foreign sequences. The generation of pseudotype VLPs of original VP1 and VP2–foreign protein fusion can further enhance the applicability of this system. Future investigations should evaluate the evolutionary origin of HaPyV, monitor its occurrence in wildlife and Syrian hamster breeding, and prove its value for the generation of potential vaccine candidates and as a gene therapy vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Jandrig
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Hans Krause
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Urologische Klinik, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | | | - Emilija Vasiliunaite
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.V.); (A.G.)
| | - Alma Gedvilaite
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.V.); (A.G.)
| | - Rainer G. Ulrich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany;
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Insel Riems, Germany
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6
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Rother N, Bertram CA, Klopfleisch R, Fragoso-Garcia M, Bomhard WV, Schandelmaier C, Müller K. Tumours in 177 pet hamsters. Vet Rec 2021; 188:e14. [PMID: 33646624 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though tumours are considered to occur frequently in pet hamsters, there is only a small number of scientific reports in current literature. METHODS Pathological reports from 177 hamsters were evaluated. RESULTS Of these, 78 were male and 75 were female. Median age of affected hamsters was 12 months (range 2-34). Integumental tumours were the most common neoplasms (62%, 109/177). As far as species was known, the number of Syrian hamsters (52%, 30/58) affected by tumours seemed to be lower than the number of affected dwarf hamsters (85%, 47/55). Tumours of the hematopoietic system were the second most frequently neoplasms (17%, 30/177). Relative number of neoplasms of the endocrine system, tumours of the digestive system (1.7%, 3/177) and other tumours (4%, 7/177 each) was low. The majority of integumental tumours were epithelial (66%; 91/126). CONCLUSION This study aimed to analyze data from veterinary surgeries and pathological institutes about the occurrence of spontaneous tumours in Syrian hamsters and dwarf hamsters to give information about the frequency of tumours, prognosis and survival time. This is the first study about tumours in pet hamsters in Germany so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Rother
- Tierärztliche Praxis für Heimtiere Dr. Lazarz, Duisburg, Deutschland
| | - Christof A Bertram
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Marco Fragoso-Garcia
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | | | - Kerstin Müller
- Small Animal Clinic, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
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7
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Abstract
This chapter includes diseases of animals in the order Rodentia, in which there are over 2000 species representing 40% of all mammals. This incredibly diverse order includes members inhabiting every continent, either naturally or in human-made environments. While rodents have been the cause or implicated in disease transmission that has lead to human pandemics, such as the Black Death, and the decimation of certain animal species, like island-dwelling birds; genetically modified rodents have contributed significantly to the advancement of biomedical research and human health. There are more than 50 species of endangered rats, mice, voles, squirrels, and marmots. The recent extinction of the Bramble Cay melomys represents the first human-induced rodent extinction linked to climate change. Rodents are the reservoir host of several human and domestic pathogens of concern listed by OIE. Herein, we highlight those diseases of rodents that lead to clinically important gross and microscopic lesions.
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8
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Biology, evolution, and medical importance of polyomaviruses: An update. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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Korup-Schulz SV, Lucke C, Moens U, Schmuck R, Ehlers B. Large T antigen variants of human polyomaviruses 9 and 12 and seroreactivity against their N terminus. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:704-714. [PMID: 28113048 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour antigens (TAgs) of mammalian polyomaviruses (PyVs) are key proteins responsible for modulating the host cell cycle and are involved in virus replication as well as cell transformation and tumour formation. Here we aimed to identify mRNA sequences of known and novel TAgs encoded by the recently discovered human polyomaviruses 9 and 12 (HPyV9 and HPyV12) in cell culture. Synthetic viral genomes were transfected into human and animal cell lines. Gene expression occurred in most cell lines, as measured by quantitative PCR of cDNA copies of mRNA encoding major structural protein VP1. Large TAg- and small TAg-encoding mRNAs were detected in all cell lines, and additional spliced mRNAs were identified encoding TAg variants of 145 aa (HPyV9) and 84 aa (HPyV12). Using as antigens in ELISA the N-terminal 78 aa common to all respective TAg variants of HPyV9 and HPyV12, seroreactivity of 100 healthy blood donors, 54 patients with malignant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and 32 patients with non-malignant diseases of the GIT was analysed. For comparison, the corresponding TAg N termini of BK PyV (BKPyV) and Merkel cell PyV (MCPyV) were included. Frequent reactivity against HPyV9, HPyV12 and BKPyV TAgs, but not MCPyV TAg, was observed in all tested groups. This indicates expression activity of the early region of three human PyVs in healthy and diseased subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Verena Korup-Schulz
- Division 12 'Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Viruses Affecting Immunocompromised Patients', Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Lucke
- Division 12 'Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Viruses Affecting Immunocompromised Patients', Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ugo Moens
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rosa Schmuck
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité-Campus Virchow, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ehlers
- Division 12 'Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Viruses Affecting Immunocompromised Patients', Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Hocker SE, Eshar D, Wouda RM. Rodent Oncology: Diseases, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2017; 20:111-134. [PMID: 27890286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer incidence in rodent species varies dramatically from a common occurrence in mice and rats to just a limited number of documented cases in chinchillas and degus. This article summarizes common tumors, both benign and malignant, that have been reported to occur in rodents. Outlined are clinical signs, diagnostics, and treatments that have been described for rodents presenting with specific neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Hocker
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - David Eshar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Raelene M Wouda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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11
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Munday JS, Richey LJ, Brown CA, Rodriguez NA, Kiupel M. Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Salivary Gland in Two Syrian Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Vet Pathol 2016; 42:819-23. [PMID: 16301579 DOI: 10.1354/vp.42-6-819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two Syrian hamsters developed marked swelling of the ventral neck. Histologic examination of both masses revealed that the submaxillary salivary glands were effaced by large numbers of neoplastic plasma cells. In one hamster, neoplastic cells had infiltrated the adjacent lymph node. The neoplastic cells expressed CD79a antigen and were negative for CD3, lambda, and kappa light chains. Ultrastructural features of neoplastic cells in the salivary gland of one hamster included abundant cytoplasmic rough endoplasmic reticulum profiles, and peripherally displaced nuclei that contained marginated heterochromatin, consistent with plasma cells. Salivary gland plasmacytomas are extremely rare in humans and have not previously been reported in nonhuman species. The occurrence of such neoplasms in two hamsters suggests that this species may be predisposed to developing tumors of this type.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Munday
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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12
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The role of Merkel cell polyomavirus and other human polyomaviruses in emerging hallmarks of cancer. Viruses 2015; 7:1871-901. [PMID: 25866902 PMCID: PMC4411681 DOI: 10.3390/v7041871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyomaviruses are non-enveloped, dsDNA viruses that are common in mammals, including humans. All polyomaviruses encode the large T-antigen and small t-antigen proteins that share conserved functional domains, comprising binding motifs for the tumor suppressors pRb and p53, and for protein phosphatase 2A, respectively. At present, 13 different human polyomaviruses are known, and for some of them their large T-antigen and small t-antigen have been shown to possess oncogenic properties in cell culture and animal models, while similar functions are assumed for the large T- and small t-antigen of other human polyomaviruses. However, so far the Merkel cell polyomavirus seems to be the only human polyomavirus associated with cancer. The large T- and small t-antigen exert their tumorigenic effects through classical hallmarks of cancer: inhibiting tumor suppressors, activating tumor promoters, preventing apoptosis, inducing angiogenesis and stimulating metastasis. This review elaborates on the putative roles of human polyomaviruses in some of the emerging hallmarks of cancer. The reciprocal interactions between human polyomaviruses and the immune system response are discussed, a plausible role of polyomavirus-encoded and polyomavirus-induced microRNA in cancer is described, and the effect of polyomaviruses on energy homeostasis and exosomes is explored. Therapeutic strategies against these emerging hallmarks of cancer are also suggested.
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13
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Abstract
The hamster species used as research models include the Syrian (golden), Mesocricetus auratus; the Chinese (striped-back), Cricetulus griseus; the Armenian (gray), C. migratorius; the European, Cricetus cricetus; and the Djungarian, Phodopus campbelli (Russian dwarf) and P. sungorus (Siberian dwarf). Hamsters are classified as members of the order Rodentia, suborder Myomorpha, superfamily Muroidea and in family Cricetidae. Animals in this family are characterized by large cheek pouches, thick bodies, short tails, and an excess of loose skin. They have incisors that erupt continuously and cuspidate molars that do not continue to grow ((I 1/1, C 0/0, PM 0/0, M 3/3) × 2 = 16). In 2010, it was reported that approximately 146,000 hamsters were used in research in the United States (United States Department of Agriculture, 2010).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Miedel
- University of Pennsylvania, University Laboratory Animal Resources, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Beck AP, Compton SR, Zeiss CJ. Pathology in practice. HaPyV infection in a pet Syrian hamster. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014; 244:1037-9. [PMID: 24739112 DOI: 10.2460/javma.244.9.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P Beck
- Section of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
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15
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Muñoz LJ, Ludeña D, Gedvilaite A, Zvirbliene A, Jandrig B, Voronkova T, Ulrich RG, López DE. Lymphoma outbreak in a GASH:Sal hamster colony. Arch Virol 2013; 158:2255-65. [PMID: 23719671 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have detected a high incidence of lymphomas in a colony of GASH:Sal Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). This strain is characterised by its ability to present convulsive crises of audiogenic origin. Almost 16 % (90 males and 60 females) of the 975 animals were affected during a 5-year period by the development of a progressing lymphoid tumour and exhibited similar clinical profiles characterised by lethargy, anorexia, evident abdominal distension, and a rapid disease progression resulting in mortality within 1 to 2 weeks. A TaqMan® probe-based real-time PCR analysis of genomic DNA from different tissue samples of the affected animals revealed the presence of a DNA sequence encoding the hamster polyomavirus (HaPyV) VP1 capsid protein. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis using HaPyV-VP1-specific monoclonal antibodies confirmed the presence of viral proteins in all hamster tumour tissues analysed within the colony. An indirect ELISA and western blot analysis confirmed the presence of antibodies against the VP1 capsid protein in sera, not only from affected and non-affected GASH:Sal hamsters but also from control hamsters from the same breeding area. The HaPyV genome that accumulated in tumour tissues typically contained deletions affecting the noncoding regulatory region and adjacent sequences coding for the N-terminal part of the capsid protein VP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis J Muñoz
- Animal Experimentation Service, University of Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain,
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Rainwater KA, Hawkins MG, Crabbs T, Malka S. An Anaplastic Sarcoma of Probable Salivary Origin in a Teddy-bear Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). J Exot Pet Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Most viral infections in small mammals are transient and rarely produce clinical signs. When clinical signs do appear, they are often of a multifactorial etiology such as respiratory infection with Sendai virus and the bacteria M. pulmonis in rodents. Diagnosis is generally made based on clinical signs, while therapy involves treatment for concurrent bacterial infections and supportive care. Small mammals may carry zoonotic viruses such as LCMV, but natural infections are uncommon. Viral diseases are rare (or largely unknown) for hedgehogs, chinchillas, and prairie dogs, while no known naturally occurring, clinically relevant viral diseases exist for gerbils and sugar gliders. This article is intended to aid the clinician in identifying viral infections in small mammals and to help determine the significance each virus has during clinical disease.
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Brandes K, Fend F, Monecke S, Teifke JP, Breuer W, Hermanns W. Comparative morphologic and immunohistochemical investigation of spontaneously occurring thymomas in a colony of European hamsters. Vet Pathol 2004; 41:346-52. [PMID: 15232134 DOI: 10.1354/vp.41-4-346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study documents the characteristics of a large series of spontaneously occurring thymomas in a laboratory colony of European hamsters (Cricetus cricetus). Thymomas are rare organotypic neoplasms originating from the thymic epithelial compartment. Because the hamster thymomas largely resembled their human counterparts, the recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification of human thymic epithelial tumors was used. Forty hamsters of both sexes aged 3-29 months were examined macroscopically and histologically. In 22 (55%) of the 40 animals, necropsy revealed enormous whitish masses in the anterior mediastinum, with a diameter ranging from 0.5 to 4.5 cm and a lobulated structure. The anatomy of the thymus region was normal in the remaining 18 hamsters. Histologically, the tumors presented as thymuslike organoid structures with areas of medullary and cortical differentiation and a predominance of lymphoid cells. A network of epithelial cells in the cortical areas, demonstrated immunohistochemically with a cross-reactive antibody against pancytokeratin, supported the diagnosis of thymoma. Cortical lymphocytes showed positive staining with cross-reacting antibodies against CD3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, characteristic of immature T cells. On the basis of these findings, the tumors were classified as B1 thymomas, in some cases with AB or B2 components, according to the new WHO classification for human thymic epithelial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brandes
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
The most common tumor of guinea pigs is bronchogenic papillary adenoma; of hedgehogs is mammary gland adenocarcinoma; of hamsters is adrenal cortical adenoma; of gerbils is ovarian granulosa cell and theca cell tumors; of mice is pulmonary carcinoma; and of rats is mammary fibroadenoma. A relatively low incidence of tumors is described for chinchillas and hamsters, whereas the incidence of tumors is high for gerbils, hedgehogs, mice, and rats. Limited literature regarding neoplasia exists for prairie dogs, sugar gliders, and chinchillas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl B Greenacre
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37955, USA.
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Voronkova T, Grosch A, Kazaks A, Ose V, Skrastina D, Sasnauskas K, Jandrig B, Arnold W, Scherneck S, Pumpens P, Ulrich R. Chimeric bacteriophage fr virus-like particles harboring the immunodominant C-terminal region of hamster polyomavirus VP1 induce a strong VP1-specific antibody response in rabbits and mice. Viral Immunol 2003; 15:627-43. [PMID: 12513932 DOI: 10.1089/088282402320914557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The late region of the hamster polyomavirus (HaPyV, former HaPV) genome encodes three structural proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3, where VP1 represents the major capsid protein of 384 amino acids. Screening of sera from HaPyV-infected papilloma-bearing and papilloma-free hamsters demonstrated the immunodominant features of all three capsid proteins. For both groups of hamsters in the C-terminal region of VP1 immunodominant B-cell epitopes were identified in the regions between amino acids 305 and 351 and amino acids 351 and 384. The high flexibility of the C-terminal region of VP1 was confirmed by the formation of chimeric virus-like particles based on the coat protein of the RNA bacteriophage fr which was previously found to tolerate only very short-sized foreign insertions. Phage fr coat protein-derived virus-like particles tolerated the N-terminal fusion of amino acids 333-384, 351-384, 351-374, and 364-384, respectively, of VP1. The induction of VP1-specific antibodies in rabbits and mice by immunization with chimeric virus-like particles harboring amino acids 333-384, 351-384, and 364-384, respectively, of VP1 suggested the immunodominant nature of the C-terminal region of VP1.
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Foster AP, Brown PJ, Jandrig B, Grosch A, Voronkova T, Scherneck S, Ulrich R. Polyomavirus infection in hamsters and trichoepitheliomas/cutaneous adnexal tumours. Vet Rec 2002; 151:13-7. [PMID: 12137418 DOI: 10.1136/vr.151.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Multiple skin nodules, with histological features of adnexal tumours consistent with trichoepithelioma, were observed on the head and trunk of Syrian hamsters. Skin biopsies from 20 hamsters from five different colonies were affected, and two of the affected hamsters also had lymphoma. Two owners reported that 16 of 70 hamsters and 50 of 100 hamsters in their colonies had similar skin lesions. These tumours have previously been associated in laboratory colonies with hamster polyomavirus (HaPV) infection. Examination of skin tissues by electron microscopy failed to reveal intranuclear virus particles. Using recombinant major capsid protein VP1 of HaPV, VP1-specific antibodies were detected in sera from 12 of 12 affected hamsters and in four of four unaffected in-contact hamsters, by ELISA. The ELISA data were verified by immunoblot analysis. Eleven of 13 serum samples contained antibodies which reacted with at least one recombinant structural HaPV protein (VP2), including samples from three in-contact unaffected hamsters. Nine of the 11 anti-VP2-positive samples also reacted with recombinant VP3 of HaPV, and six reacted with VP1. Amplification by PCR and sequencing detected VP1 -encoding sequences showing a high degree of homology with HaPV. The findings suggest a possible infection by HaPV or a HaPV-like virus and it is likely that such an infection was enzootic within the affected colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Foster
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, North Somerset
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