1
|
Mihaljević Ž, Reil I, Habuš J, Štritof Z, Naletilić Š, Jurkić Krsteska G, Kovač T, Zdelar-Tuk M, Duvnjak S, Špičić S. Mycobacteriosis in a Pet Ferret ( Mustela putorius furo) Caused by Mycobacterium xenopi: A Case Report on Neglected Risk of Zoonotic Transmission. Pathogens 2024; 13:328. [PMID: 38668283 PMCID: PMC11054065 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferrets are highly susceptible to a wide range of mycobacteria, mainly M. bovis, M. avium, and M. triplex. Therefore, ferrets pose a risk of transmission of mycobacteriosis, especially zoonotically relevant tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to describe the findings of M. xenopi mycobacteriosis in a pet ferret and emphasize its zoonotic potential. A pet ferret had a history of weight loss, apathy, hyporexia, and hair loss. Abdominal ultrasound revealed splenomegaly with two solid masses and cystic lesions of the liver. Fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed numerous acid-fast bacilli in epithelioid cells, thus leading to the suspicion of mycobacterial infection. Because of its poor general condition, the ferret was euthanized. Necropsy examination revealed generalized granulomatous lymphadenitis, pneumonia, myocarditis, splenitis, and hepatitis. Histologically, in all organs, there were multifocal to coalescing areas of inflammatory infiltration composed of epithelioid macrophages, a low number of lymphocytes, and plasma cells, without necrosis nor multinucleated giant cells. Ziehl-Neelsen staining detected the presence of numerous (multibacillary) acid-fast bacteria, which were PCR-typed as M. xenopi. This is the first study showing the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of M. xenopi in veterinary medicine, describing the resistance to doxycycline. Overall, our results could facilitate further diagnosis and provide guidelines for the treatment protocols for such infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Željko Mihaljević
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.M.); (M.Z.-T.); (S.D.); (S.Š.)
| | - Irena Reil
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.M.); (M.Z.-T.); (S.D.); (S.Š.)
| | - Josipa Habuš
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.H.); (Z.Š.); (G.J.K.)
| | - Zrinka Štritof
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.H.); (Z.Š.); (G.J.K.)
| | - Šimun Naletilić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.M.); (M.Z.-T.); (S.D.); (S.Š.)
| | - Gabrijela Jurkić Krsteska
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.H.); (Z.Š.); (G.J.K.)
| | - Tajna Kovač
- Veterinary Clinic Dr. Pezo, Ede Murtica 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Maja Zdelar-Tuk
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.M.); (M.Z.-T.); (S.D.); (S.Š.)
| | - Sanja Duvnjak
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.M.); (M.Z.-T.); (S.D.); (S.Š.)
| | - Silvio Špičić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.M.); (M.Z.-T.); (S.D.); (S.Š.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hoefer HL. Gastrointestinal Diseases of Ferrets. FERRETS, RABBITS, AND RODENTS 2020. [PMCID: PMC7258703 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-48435-0.00003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Disease of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is common in ferrets. This chapter reviews diseases of the upper and lower GI tract in ferrets, discusses how to differentiate between causes of diarrhea and vomiting, and provides information to help formulate an appropriate treatment plan. Clinicians should be familiar with the more common GI disorders in ferrets and be able to recognize clinical signs and differentiate among potential diagnoses.
Collapse
|
3
|
Respiratory Diseases of Ferrets. FERRETS, RABBITS, AND RODENTS 2020. [PMCID: PMC7258710 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-48435-0.00006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stress and poor husbandry conditions are important factors that predispose ferrets to respiratory infections. The most common respiratory diseases of ferrets are canine distemper and influenza. Bacterial pneumonia is uncommon and usually develops secondary to viral pneumonia. Pulmonary mycoses are also rare in ferrets, although cases of cryptococcosis, blastomycosis, and coccidioidomycosis have been described.
Collapse
|
4
|
Doktorova Demmin M, Gillissen A. A rare case of pulmonary mycobacteriosis caused by rifabutin resistant Mycobacterium celatum and review of the literature. Respir Med Case Rep 2019; 28:100903. [PMID: 31338290 PMCID: PMC6626106 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2019.100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present case demonstrates an atypical pulmonary mycobacteriosis that mimicked classical symptoms and radiology findings for tuberculosis. While T-SPOT Test and PCR analyses proved negative for tuberculosis, microscopic sputum evaluation showed acid-fast bacilli and Mycobacterium celatum was found in culture. Uniquely, in our case M. celatum was resistant to rifabutin. Therefore, after not responding to combination treatment including rifabutin, our patient was treated with ethambutol, clarithromycin and protionamide. Classical risk factors for atypical mycobacteriosis such as immunodeficiency (including medication-induced), preexisting pulmonary disease or multimorbidity were not present. We conclude that the high age of the patient (92 y) may have been the main contributing factor for the infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Doktorova Demmin
- Corresponding author. Department of Internal Medicine III (Internal and Pulmonary Medicine), Kreiskliniken Reutlingen/Ermstalklinik, Stuttgarterstr. 100, D-72574, Bad Urach, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chavarria M, Lutwick L, Dickinson BL. TB or not TB? Mycobacterium celatum mimicking Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A case of mistaken identity. IDCases 2018; 11:83-87. [PMID: 29464177 PMCID: PMC5814372 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium celatum is a slow-growing, non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) and a rare cause of infection in humans. Infection occurs primarily by inhalation or direct inoculation from environmental sources, and this pathogen has been reported to cause localized infections in the lungs and lymph nodes of both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, and disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients. Here, we present a case of pulmonary infection with M. celatum in an immunocompetent 68-year-old male with clinical features similar to tuberculosis. The patient initially developed palpitations, worsening fatigue, night sweats, dyspnea, productive cough, and weight loss. Computed tomography angiogram of the chest revealed a right upper lobe pulmonary artery embolus and extensive biapical fibronodular cavitary densities. Two separate sputum samples were positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and sputum cultures were positive for M. celatum. The patient responded well to treatment with clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and ethambutol. We advise physicians to consider M. celatum infection in the differential diagnosis of patients with symptoms and radiographic and microbiologic evidence suggestive of NTM pulmonary infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chavarria
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker, MD School of Medicine, 1000 Oakland Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| | - Larry Lutwick
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker, MD School of Medicine, 1000 Oakland Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| | - Bonny L Dickinson
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker, MD School of Medicine, 1000 Oakland Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Davendralingam N, Davagnanam I, Stidworthy MF, Baldrey V, Peters LM, Stapleton N. Transmission of Mycobacterium xenopi to a pet albino ferret ( Mustela putorius furo) from a domestic aquarium. Vet Rec 2017; 181:vetrec-2016-104250. [PMID: 28774941 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A three-year-old ferret presented with a three-month history of rapid clinical deterioration necessitating euthanasia shortly after initial veterinary assessment. Postmortem PCR testing confirmed Mycobacterium xenopi which is most commonly identified in amphibians, reptiles and aquatic life. Infection of a captive-bred domestic ferret is highly unusual. A collaborative effort involving medical doctors, clinical veterinarians and veterinary pathologists investigated the potential sources of human-animal, animal-animal and environmental-animal M xenopi transmission. No human-animal or animal-animal risks were identified. As the affected ferret was the only ferret to have regular exposure to the owner's aquarium, a postmortem study of a dead guppy and aquarium water analysis were performed which confirmed mycobacteriosis. Although M xenopi was not specifically cultured, as a slow-growing organism, M xenopi may have been outgrown by more rapidly growing mycobacteria or Gram-positive bacilli present in the water. Thus, transmission of M xenopi via aquarium exposure was certainly plausible. This is the second documented case of M xenopi in a ferret and the first to determine a source of infection. This report highlights the previously recognised risk of mycobacterial exposure from aquaria and that caution is required before allowing domestic ferrets to have contact with potentially infected water reservoirs due to its fatal nature in this vulnerable species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Davendralingam
- Department of Radiology, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Radiology, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | | | - Mark Frederick Stidworthy
- Department of Pathology, International Zoo Veterinary Group, Keighley, West Yorkshire, UK
- Department of Pathology, IZVG, Leeds, UK
| | - Vicki Baldrey
- Beaumont Sainsbury Animal Hospital, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | | | - Nadene Stapleton
- Beaumont Sainsbury Animal Hospital, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Saunders GK, Thomsen BV. Lymphoma and Mycobacterium Avium Infection in a Ferret (Mustela Putorius Furo). J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 18:513-5. [PMID: 17037629 DOI: 10.1177/104063870601800521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 6-year-old, neutered male ferret presented with weight loss. Radiography revealed an enlarged liver and other abdominal masses. The ferret was euthanized, and at necropsy, the stomach wall was thickened, mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged, and the liver contained multifocal tan nodules. Histopathology confirmed lymphoma and granulomatous inflammation in all affected organs. Acid-fast bacilli were present in the lesions and were confirmed to be Mycobacterium avium by PCR.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mentré V, Bulliot C. A Retrospective Study of 17 Cases of Mycobacteriosis in Domestic Ferrets ( Mustela Putorius furo) between 2005 and 2013. J Exot Pet Med 2015; 24:340-349. [PMID: 32288684 PMCID: PMC7106324 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
From 2005 to 2013, 17 ferrets were diagnosed with mycobacteriosis at the authors’ practices. Clinical findings included ocular, respiratory, and digestive abnormalities. Diagnosis was based on histopathology, specific histochemical stains, and/or on polymerase chain reaction. All bacteria identified belonged to the nontuberculous Mycobacterium complex. Several treatment protocols were attempted, frequently based on the use of enrofloxacin. In all, 3 ferrets were considered cured. Mycobacteriosis in ferrets is a polymorphous disease with diverse clinical presentations. It is also likely an underdiagnosed disease in pet ferrets, which appear to be particularly susceptible to environmental sources. Mycobacteriosis should be included in the differential diagnosis for ocular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal diseases; in particular, it should be differentiated from systemic coronavirus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Mentré
- Clinique Vétérinaire de la Patte d'Oie, Montigny les Cormeilles, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) belong to the ancient family Mustelidae, which is believed to date back to the Eocene period, some 40 million years ago. The taxonomic groups in the family Mustelidae, as recognized by Nowak (1999), include 67 species in 25 genera from North, Central, and South America; Eurasia; and Africa. No other carnivore shows such diversity of adaptation, being found in a wide variety of ecosystems ranging from arctic tundra to tropical rainforests. Mustelids have retained many primitive characteristics, which include relatively small size, short stocky legs, five toes per foot, elongated braincase, and short rostrum (Anderson, 1989). The Mustelinae is the central subfamily of the Mustelidae. The best-known members of the Mustelinae are the weasels, mink, ferrets (genus Mustela), and the martens (genus Martes) (Anderson, 1989). The genus Mustela is divided into five subgenera: Mustela (weasels), Lutreola (European mink), Vison (American mink), Putorius (ferrets), and Grammogale (South American weasels). The smallest member of the Mustelidae family is the least weasel (Mustela nivalis), which weighs as little as 25 g, and the largest member is the sea otter (Enhydra lutris), which can weigh as much as 45 kg (Nowak, 1999).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Mayer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia Athens, Georgia
| | - Robert P. Marini
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MA, USA
| | - James G. Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nakata M, Miwa Y, Tsuboi M, Uchida K. Mycobacteriosis in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo). J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:705-9. [PMID: 24419874 PMCID: PMC4073339 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4-year-old spayed female ferret presented with a 2-month history of anorexia, vomiting and occasional diarrhea. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed thickening of the gastric wall and enlarged abdominal lymph nodes. Biopsy samples from the thickened gastric wall, enlarged abdominal lymph nodes and liver were taken during an exploratory laparotomy. Based on the histopathological examination, mycobacterium infection was diagnosed. The bacterial species could not be identified by additional diagnostic tests of feces, including fecal smear, culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The ferret was treated with prednisolone and multiple antimicrobials, including rifampicin, azithromycin and enrofloxacin, but did not improve with treatment and died 220 days after the first presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nakata
- Miwa Exotic Animal Hospital, 1-25-5 Komagome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-0003, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Exotic small mammal medicine is a relatively new specialty area within veterinary medicine. Ferrets, rabbits, and rodents have long been used as animal models in human medical research investigations, resulting in a body of basic anatomic and physiologic information that can be used by veterinarians treating these species. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of veterinary articles that describe clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options of gastrointestinal (GI) disease as it affects exotic small mammals. Although there is little reference material relating to exotic small mammal GI disease, patients are commonly presented to veterinary hospitals with digestive tract disorders. This article provides the latest information available for GI disease in ferrets (Helicobacter mustelae gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], GI lymphoma, systemic coronavirus, coccidiosis, and liver disease), rabbits (GI motility disorders, liver lobe torsion, astrovirus, and coccidiosis), guinea pigs (gastric dilatation volvulus [GDV]), rats (Taenia taeniaeformis), and hamsters (Clostridium difficile). Both noninfectious diseases and emerging infectious diseases are reviewed as well as the most up-to-date diagnostics and treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Huynh
- Exotic Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Fregis, Arcueil, France
| | - Charly Pignon
- Exotic Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Liver disease in ferrets is often subclinical and underdiagnosed. Clinical pathology and diagnostic imaging are needed to guide clinicians but definite diagnosis is based on histopathologic lesions. Inflammatory digestive conditions can lead to ascending tract infection and hepatobiliary inflammation. Ferrets have a specific sensitivity to hepatic lipidosis. Incidence of hepatic neoplasia is high in ferrets. After a summary of anatomy and physiology of the ferret liver, hepatic diseases known in ferret species are reviewed with their subsequent diagnostic procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Huynh
- Exotic Department, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Fregis, Arcueil 94110, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gupta A, McBride AM, Holder KA, Heggem B, Royal AB, Wakamatsu N. Pathology in practice. Severe pyogranulomatous pneumonia, enteritis, and lymphadenitis with numerous acid-fast bacteria (M xenopi). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012; 240:1427-9. [PMID: 22657925 DOI: 10.2460/javma.240.12.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Gupta
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Agdestein A, Johansen TB, Kolbjørnsen Ø, Jørgensen A, Djønne B, Olsen I. A comparative study of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis in experimentally infected pigs. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:11. [PMID: 22284630 PMCID: PMC3296603 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (Maa) and Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (Mah) are opportunistic pathogens that may infect several species, including humans and pigs. Mah is however more frequently isolated from pigs than Maa, and it is unclear if this is due to difference in virulence or in exposure to the two organisms. Clinical isolates of each subspecies were administered perorally to ten domestic pigs, respectively. The animals were sacrificed at six and 12 weeks after inoculation. At necropsy, macroscopic lesions were recorded, and tissue samples were collected for mycobacterial culture, IS1245 real time PCR and histopathological examination. Culturing was also performed on faecal samples collected at necropsy. Results Macroscopic and histopathological lesions were detected in pigs infected with each subspecies, and bacterial growth and histopathological changes were demonstrated, also in samples from organs without gross pathological lesions. Six weeks after inoculation, live Mah was detected in faeces, as opposed to Maa. The presence of live mycobacteria was also more pronounced in Mah infected tonsils. In comparison, the Maa isolate appeared to have a higher ability of intracellular replication in porcine macrophages compared to the Mah isolate. Conclusions The study shows that both subspecies were able to infect pigs. Additionally, the more extensive shedding of Mah might cause pig-to-pig transmission and contribute to the higher incidence of infection caused by this subspecies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Agdestein
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PO Box 750 Sentrum, N-0106 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Barron HW, Rosenthal KL. Respiratory Diseases. FERRETS, RABBITS, AND RODENTS 2012. [PMCID: PMC7152247 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-6621-7.00006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
16
|
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis is an important disease in the feral ferret (Mustela putorius furo) of New Zealand; elsewhere, reports of tuberculosis in the ferret are sporadic. Genus Mycobacterium consists of aerobic, non-spore-forming, gram-positive, nonmotile bacteria that characteristically feature a cell wall rich in mycolic acids and esters. The epidemiology of mycobacteriosis in the ferrets of New Zealand involves complex interactions between ferrets, possums, and livestock. Investigators have shown that the ferret is highly susceptible only to Mycobacterium bovis infection and is more resistant to infection by other Mycobacterium spp. The principal site of all mycobacterial infection in the ferret is the gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christal Pollock
- Lafeber Company, 24981 North 1400 East Road, Cornell, IL 61319, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hoefer HL, Fox JG, Bell JA. Gastrointestinal Diseases. FERRETS, RABBITS, AND RODENTS 2012. [PMCID: PMC7151867 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-6621-7.00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
|
18
|
Agdestein A, Johansen TB, Polaček V, Lium B, Holstad G, Vidanović D, Aleksić-Kovačević S, Jørgensen A, Žultauskas J, Nilsen SF, Djønne B. Investigation of an outbreak of mycobacteriosis in pigs. BMC Vet Res 2011; 7:63. [PMID: 22014189 PMCID: PMC3215643 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-7-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A high proportion of pigs imported to Serbia from a Lithuanian breeding herd reacted positively against avian and/or bovine tuberculin. The pigs were euthanized and lesions characteristic for mycobacterial infection were detected. An investigation of potential mycobacteriosis in the pigs imported to Serbia and the possible source of infection in the Lithuanian herd were therefore initialised. Results Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded lymph nodes from tuberculin positive animals were examined by real-time PCR for IS1245 and IS6110. IS1245 was detected in 55% and IS6110 in 11% of the samples. Seven of the ten IS6110 positive samples were positive for IS1245. Eleven lymph nodes from 10 pigs and 15 environmental samples were collected from the Lithuanian breeding herd and cultured for mycobacteria. M. avium subsp. hominissuis was detected in all lymph nodes and from eight samples of peat and sawdust. Isolates with identical and related IS1245- and IS1311 RFLP profiles were detected from swine and peat. Conclusions This study demonstrated cross reactions between avian and bovine tuberculin in pigs. Real-time PCR indicated infection with M. avium in the Serbian pigs. However, as a small proportion of the lymph nodes were positive for IS6110, infection with bacteria in the M. tuberculosis complex could not be ruled out. Analyses confirmed the presence of M. avium subsp. hominissuis in porcine and environmental samples from the Lithuanian breeding herd. The results indicate peat as a source of M. avium subsp. hominissuis infection in these pigs, and that the pigs imported to Serbia were infected with M. avium subsp. hominissuis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
With urbanization, people live in close proximity to their pets. People often share their living quarters and furniture, and this proximity carries a new potential for pathogen transmission. In addition to the change in lifestyle with our pets, new exotic pets are being introduced to the pet industry regularly. Often, we are unfamiliar with specific clinical signs of diseases in these new exotic pets or the routes of transmission of pathogens for the particular species. This article reviews zoonoses that occur naturally in ferrets, hedgehogs, and sugar gliders, discussing the occurrence and clinical symptoms of these diseases in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charly Pignon
- Exotics Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ludwig E, Reischl U, Holzmann T, Melzl H, Janik D, Gilch C, Hermanns W. Risk for Mycobacterium celatum infection from ferret. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 17:553-5. [PMID: 21392459 PMCID: PMC3166007 DOI: 10.3201/eid1703.100969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
21
|
Hauptman K, Jekl V, Knotek Z. Extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction in two ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). J Small Anim Pract 2011; 52:371-5. [PMID: 21671943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01068.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This report describes extrahepatic bile duct obstruction in two ferrets, which were presented with anorexia, chronic weight loss and general weakness. Physical examination revealed lethargy, cachexia, dehydration, abdominal pain and icterus. Marked haematological, serum chemistry and urinalysis abnormalities included hyperbilirubinaemia (65·5 and 114·2 μmol/L), high concentrations of alanine transaminase (1327·53 and 2578·88 IU/L) and biluribinuria. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed thickening of the bile duct together with the gall bladder wall. The common bile duct was obviously distended. Choledochotomy revealed inspissated bile with fragile green gelatinous plugs that was removed to allow the bile to flow into the duodenum. Cytology and culture of the biliary tract contents were negative for bacteria. Laboratory analyses of biliary plugs showed presence of only protein substances, without detectable mineral composition. Histopathological examination of the liver showed diffuse steatosis and non-specific cholangiohepatitis in both cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Hauptman
- Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1-3, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kankya C, Muwonge A, Djønne B, Munyeme M, Opuda-Asibo J, Skjerve E, Oloya J, Edvardsen V, Johansen TB. Isolation of non-tuberculous mycobacteria from pastoral ecosystems of Uganda: public health significance. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:320. [PMID: 21575226 PMCID: PMC3123205 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections in humans and animals in sub-Saharan Africa at the human-environment-livestock-wildlife interface has recently received increased attention. NTM are environmental opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals. Recent studies in pastoral ecosystems of Uganda detected NTM in humans with cervical lymphadenitis and cattle with lesions compatible with bovine tuberculosis. However, little is known about the source of these mycobacteria in Uganda. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify NTM in the environment of pastoral communities in Uganda, as well as assess the potential risk factors and the public health significance of NTM in these ecosystems. Method A total of 310 samples (soil, water and faecal from cattle and pigs) were examined for mycobacteria. Isolates were identified by the INNO-Lipa test and by 16S rDNA sequencing. Additionally, a questionnaire survey involving 231 pastoralists was conducted during sample collection. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics followed by a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results Forty-eight isolates of NTM were detected; 25.3% of soil samples, 11.8% of water and 9.1% from animal faecal samples contained mycobacteria. Soils around water sources were the most contaminated with NTM (29.8%). Of these samples, M. fortuitum-peregrinum complex, M. avium complex, M. gordonae, and M. nonchromogenicum were the most frequently detected mycobacteria. Drinking untreated compared to treated water (OR = 33), use of valley dam versus stream water for drinking and other domestic use (OR = 20), sharing of water sources with wild primates compared to antelopes (OR = 4.6), sharing of water sources with domestic animals (OR = 5.3), and close contact with cattle or other domestic animals (OR = 13.8) were the most plausible risk factors for humans to come in contact with NTM in the environment. Conclusions The study detected a wide range of potentially pathogenic NTM from the environment around the pastoral communities in Uganda. Drinking untreated water and living in close contact with cattle or other domestic animals may be risk factors associated with the possibility of humans and animals acquiring NTM infections from these ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clovice Kankya
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pate M, Zolnir-Dovč M, Kušar D, Krt B, Spičić S, Cvetnić Z, Ocepek M. The First Report of Mycobacterium celatum Isolation from Domestic Pig (Sus scrofa domestica) and Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) and an Overview of Human Infections in Slovenia. Vet Med Int 2011; 2011:432954. [PMID: 21647336 PMCID: PMC3103848 DOI: 10.4061/2011/432954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium celatum, a slowly growing potentially pathogenic mycobacterium first described in humans, is regarded as an uncommon cause of human infection, though capable of inducing invasive disease in immunocompromised hosts. According to some reports, a serious disease due to M. celatum may also occur in individuals with no apparent immunodeficiency. In animals, an M. celatum-related disease has been described in three cases only: twice in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) and once in a white-tailed trogon (Trogon viridis). In this paper, we report the first detection of M. celatum in a domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). A nation-wide overview of human M. celatum infections recorded in Slovenia between 2000 and 2010 is also given. Pulmonary disease due to M. celatum was recognized in one patient with a history of a preexisting lung disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Pate
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1115 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Piseddu E, Trotta M, Tortoli E, Avanzi M, Tasca S, Solano-Gallego L. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Mycobacterium celatum as a Cause of Splenitis in a Domestic Ferret (Mustela putorius furo). J Comp Pathol 2011; 144:214-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2010] [Revised: 05/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
25
|
Muwonge A, Kankya C, Godfroid J, Djonne B, Opuda-Asibo J, Biffa D, Ayanaw T, Munyeme M, Skjerve E. Prevalence and associated risk factors of mycobacterial infections in slaughter pigs from Mubende district in Uganda. Trop Anim Health Prod 2009; 42:905-13. [PMID: 20012691 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-009-9506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To date, the public health relevance of mycobacterial infections in pigs is not well investigated despite high risk of infection. Recently, there has been a documented increase in opportunistic infections and risk of acquiring opportunistic mycobacterial infections in HIV/AIDS patients in Mubende district; unfortunately, there has been no published information on the epidemiology of mycobacterial infections in this area. This study was carried out between September 2008 and February 2009. Investigations were done to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of mycobacterial infections in slaughtered pigs in Mubende district of Uganda. A total of 997 pigs (53.7% male and 46.3% female) from 31 different slaughterhouses were examined for the presence of lesions compatible with TB and mycobacterial infections. Pathologic tissue specimens were collected for culturing and isolation of mycobacteria. A cross-sectional technique was used based on convenient visits to slaughterhouses but random selection of individual slaughtered pigs for a detailed post-mortem inspection on a daily basis. The results reflected a 9.3% and 3.1% (95% CI) prevalence of Mycobacterium species based on necropsy examinations and culture isolation, respectively. The highest prevalence of mycobacterial infection was recorded in Buwekula County (the mixed agro-zone) whilst the lowest was in Kassanda County (pastoral zone). A multivariable logistical regression analysis identified age (P < or = 0.001) and sex (P < or = 0.05) as risk factors for mycobacterial infections in pigs. Post-estimation statistics of the regression model evaluation and validation fit it well into the data (HL, chi (2) = 5.9; P = 0.69 for necropsy, HL chi (2) = 2.9; P = 0.94 for culturing). This study documented a high prevalence of mycobacterial infections in slaughter pigs in Mubende district. The fact that pigs and human often share common housing and environment poses a high risk of zoonotic transmission. This then warrants further molecular investigation to identify the specific Mycobacterium species and their public health importance in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Muwonge
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The domestic ferret, Mustela putorius furo, is a popular companion animal and is used in biomedical research. When compared with other companion mammals, primary bacterial and parasitic infections are less common in domestic ferrets. In countries such as the United States, pet ferrets are generally kept indoors, and the risk for exposure to primary bacterial and parasitic infectious agents is low. Companion, breeding, and working ferrets are commonly kept outdoors in other parts of the world, placing them at comparatively greater risk for exposure to infectious diseases. This article discusses clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment of bacterial and parasitic diseases of ferrets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V Powers
- Carolina Veterinary Specialists, Avian and Exotic Pet Service, Huntersville, NC 28078, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Handal T, Caugant DA, Olsen I, Sunde PT. Bacterial diversity in persistent periapical lesions on root-filled teeth. J Oral Microbiol 2009; 1. [PMID: 21523213 PMCID: PMC3077005 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v1i0.1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to analyze the bacterial diversity in persistent apical lesions on root-filled teeth by using culture-independent molecular methods. DESIGN Twenty surgically removed apical lesions from therapy-resistant teeth were examined for the presence of bacterial DNA using PCR targeting the 16s ribosomal RNA gene, followed by cloning and sequencing. RESULTS Bacterial DNA was detected in 17 of the 20 samples (85%). A total of 236 clones were analyzed. Seven different bacterial phyla were represented and a total of 75 different bacterial taxa were identified; 36% of the species have not yet been cultivated. Commonly detected bacterial species included Fusobacterium spp., Prevotella spp., Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Treponema denticola, Bacteroidetes spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. CONCLUSIONS A wide range of bacteria was identified in periapical lesions on therapy-resistant teeth. These bacteria may contribute in the etiology of periapical infection and impede healing of these lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trude Handal
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
de Lisle GW, Pamela Kawakami R, Yates GF, Collins DM. Isolation of Mycobacterium bovis and other mycobacterial species from ferrets and stoats. Vet Microbiol 2008; 132:402-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
29
|
New probes used for IS1245 and IS1311 restriction fragment length polymorphism of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis isolates of human and animal origin in Norway. BMC Microbiol 2007; 7:14. [PMID: 17335590 PMCID: PMC1821328 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-7-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium avium is an environmental mycobacterium that can be divided into the subspecies avium, hominissuis, paratuberculosis and silvaticum. Some M. avium subspecies are opportunistic pathogens for animals and humans. They are ubiquitous in nature and can be isolated from natural sources of water, soil, plants and bedding material. Isolates of M. avium originating from humans (n = 37), pigs (n = 51) and wild birds (n = 10) in Norway were examined by IS1245 and IS1311 RFLP using new and specific probes and for the presence of IS901 and ISMpa1 by PCR. Analysis and generation of a dendrogram were performed with the software BioNumerics. RESULTS IS1311 RFLP provided clear results that were easy to interpret, while IS1245 RFLP generated more complex patterns with a higher discriminatory power. The combination of the two methods gave additional discrimination between isolates. All avian isolates except one were M. avium subsp. avium with two copies of IS1311 and one copy of IS1245, while the isolates of human and porcine origin belonged to M. avium subsp.hominissuis. The isolates from human patients were distributed randomly among the clusters of porcine isolates. There were few identical isolates. However, one isolate from a human patient was identical to a porcine isolate. Regional differences were detected among the porcine isolates, while there was no clustering of human isolates according to type of clinical symptoms or geographical location of the patient's home addresses. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that a wide range of M. avium subsp.hominissuis are present in pigs and humans in Norway, and that some of these isolates are very similar. It remains to be determined whether humans are infected from pigs or if they are infected from common environmental sources.
Collapse
|
30
|
Viral, bacterial and mycotic diseases. FERRET HUSBANDRY, MEDICINE AND SURGERY 2007. [PMCID: PMC7155614 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-2827-4.50014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
31
|
Bertelsen MF, Grøndahl C, Giese SB. Disseminated Mycobacterium celatum infection in a white-tailed trogon (Trogon viridis). Avian Pathol 2006; 35:316-9. [PMID: 16854645 DOI: 10.1080/03079450600821133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An adult female white-tailed trogon (Trogon viridis) was presented with abdominal enlargement and hard subcutaneous masses. Necropsy findings included bony masses extending from skeletal structures, disseminated pale foci in the liver, and a pale mass in the kidney. Histological examination revealed multifocal to coalescing granulomatous inflammation in the bone, liver, kidney, lung and spleen. Mycobacterium celatum was isolated from the liver and identified by DNA sequencing. This is the first report of M. celatum infection in an avian species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mads F Bertelsen
- Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Sdr. Fasanvej 79, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Handal T, Giraud-Morin C, Caugant DA, Madinier I, Olsen I, Fosse T. Chromosome- and plasmid-encoded beta-lactamases in Capnocytophaga spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49:3940-3. [PMID: 16127077 PMCID: PMC1195385 DOI: 10.1128/aac.49.9.3940-3943.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome- and plasmid-encoded CfxA2 and CfxA3 beta-lactamases were detected in Capnocytophaga spp. from oral sources in France, Norway, and the United States. Unidentified chromosome-encoded beta-lactamases were present in Capnocytophaga sputigena. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the CfxA3-encoding plasmid from C. ochracea revealed an unreported insertion sequence (ISCoc1) upstream of the cfxA gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trude Handal
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1052 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lunn JA, Martin P, Zaki S, Malik R. Pneumonia due to Mycobacterium abscessus in two domestic ferrets (Mustelo putorius furo). Aust Vet J 2005; 83:542-6. [PMID: 16164141 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2005.tb13325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two ferrets were diagnosed with pneumonia due to Mycobacterium abscessus. Both cases were treated successfully using clarithromycin after positive cultures were obtained via unguided bronchoalveolar lavage. This is the first time M abscessus has been isolated in our laboratory and the first report of this organism causing disease in companion animals in Australia. Underlying respiratory tract disease was thought to be an important factor in the development of the infections. Thorough investigation of chronic lower respiratory tract disease in ferrets is recommended as this species appears predisposed to atypical infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Lunn
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Lennox
- Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Handal T, Olsen I, Walker CB, Caugant DA. beta-Lactamase production and antimicrobial susceptibility of subgingival bacteria from refractory periodontitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 19:303-8. [PMID: 15327642 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2004.00159.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the extent of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in subgingival plaque samples obtained from 25 patients with refractory marginal periodontitis in the USA. beta-Lactamase-positive isolates were characterized using commercial diagnostic kits and partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The susceptibilities to different antimicrobial agents were tested and, in addition, the isolates were screened for the presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). beta-lactamase-producing bacteria were detected in 18 (72%) patients. The most prominent beta-lactamase-producing organisms belonged to the anaerobic genus Prevotella. Other enzyme-producing anaerobic strains were Fusobacterium nucleatum, Propionibacterium acnes and Peptostreptococcus sp. Facultative bacteria, such as Burkholderia spp., Ralstonia pickettii, Capnocytophaga spp., Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Neisseria sp., were also detected among the enzyme-producers. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ampicillin and amoxicillin were in the range 1.5-256 micrograms/ml and 4-256 micrograms/ml, respectively, for the isolates of the Prevotella species. All Prevotella isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate and metronidazole, but they showed variable resistance to tetracyclines. Two of the Prevotella isolates had high MICs of cefotaxime and ceftazidime. ESBL activity was not detected in any of the beta-lactamase-producing isolates by the Etest method. Thus, our study demonstrated a wide variety of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria that may play a role in refractory periodontal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Handal
- Institute of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Handal T, Caugant DA, Olsen I. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from subgingival plaque in a norwegian population with refractory marginal periodontitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47:1443-6. [PMID: 12654689 PMCID: PMC152519 DOI: 10.1128/aac.47.4.1443-1446.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2002] [Revised: 11/14/2002] [Accepted: 01/23/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in subgingival plaque from patients with refractory periodontitis in Norway was assessed by the chromogenic nitrocefin method. beta-Lactamase activity was detected in 68% of the patients. Enzyme-producing strains belonged predominantly to the genus Prevotella; others were staphylococci, enteric gram-negative rods, and Bacillus spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trude Handal
- Institute of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|