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Roccabianca P, Dell'Aere S, Avallone G, Zamboni C, Bertazzolo W, Crippa L, Giudice C, Caniatti M, Affolter VK. Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma: Morphological, immunophenotypical and clonality assessment in six cats. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:207-218. [PMID: 37904626 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary cutaneous lymphoma represents 0.2%-3% of all feline lymphomas, with nonepitheliotropic lymphomas being the most common. In humans and dogs, subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a primary nonepitheliotropic lymphoma with a T-cell phenotype developing in the subcutis and often mimicking inflammation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this report is to describe pathological, phenotypical and clonal features of SPTCL in cats. ANIMALS Six cats with SPTCL were included in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Skin biopsies were formalin-fixed, routinely processed and stained. Histological and immunohistochemical investigation for anti-CD18, CD204, CD79a, CD20, CD3, FeLVp27and FeLVgp70 and clonality assessment were performed. RESULTS Four male and two female domestic shorthair cats, mean age 11.2 years, developed SPTCL in the abdominal (three), inguinal (two) and thoracic (one) regions. Variably pleomorphic neoplastic lymphoid cells were present in the panniculus in percentages, expanding the septa (six of six) and extending into fat lobules in one of six cats. Tumours were associated with elevated numbers of neutrophils (five of six), lesser macrophages (six of six) and variable necrosis (six of six). Neoplastic cells expressed CD3+ (six of six), with clonal T-cell receptor rearrangement detected in five of six cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This is the first description of SPTCL in cats. Lesions can be confused with panniculitis, leading to delay in diagnosis and therapy. Awareness of this neoplastic disease is relevant to avoid misdiagnoses and to gain greater knowledge about the disease in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Roccabianca
- DIVAS, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Lodi (LO), Lombardia, Italy
| | - Silvia Dell'Aere
- DIVAS, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Lodi (LO), Lombardia, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Avallone
- DIMEVET, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, Grugliasco (BO), Emilia Romagna, Italy
| | - Clarissa Zamboni
- DIVAS, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Lodi (LO), Lombardia, Italy
| | | | - Luca Crippa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza (MB), Lombardia, Italy
| | - Chiara Giudice
- DIVAS, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Lodi (LO), Lombardia, Italy
| | - Mario Caniatti
- DIVAS, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Lodi (LO), Lombardia, Italy
| | - Verena K Affolter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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2
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Mau A, Chiu ES, Armien A, Johnson LR, Moore PF, Vernau W. Antemortem cytologic diagnosis of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a cat. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52:691-697. [PMID: 37914537 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Feline pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (FPLCH) is a rare histiocytic proliferative disease of middle-aged to older domestic cats. Langerhans cells in the terminal airways proliferate and infiltrate the interstitium and the airways to a lesser degree, widely effacing normal parenchyma. Historically, definitive diagnosis has required postmortem evaluation where pulmonary lesions have a classic gross and histologic morphology. Here, we present the first documented antemortem diagnosis of FPLCH using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology and immunocytochemistry (ICC) in a 9-year-old British shorthair mix. The cat had a 3-month history of respiratory difficulty that was refractory to steroids and antimicrobials. Pulmonary radiographs had marked diffuse changes with a complex bronchointerstitial and micronodular pattern. BAL cytology revealed neutrophilic inflammation and markedly increased histiocytes with morphology distinct from typical pulmonary macrophages. ICC characterized histiocytes as CD1a+ /E-cadherin+ /CD11b- /PanCK- , consistent with a Langerhans cell phenotype. The cat was humanely euthanized due to poor prognosis and presented for necropsy. Gross, histopathologic, immunophenotypic, and ultrastructural findings confirmed a diagnosis of FPLCH. Proliferative cells were E-cadherin+ /Iba-1+ /CD18+ /CD1a+ /CD5+ /MHCII+ /CD204- /CD4- ; transmission electron microscopy identified the presence of Birbeck granules in the proliferating histiocytes, consistent with previous reports of FPLCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Mau
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California-Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Elliott S Chiu
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California-Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Anibal Armien
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California-Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lynelle R Johnson
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California-Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Peter F Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California-Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - William Vernau
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California-Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
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3
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Guizelini CC, Pupin RC, Santos IR, Bandinelli MB, Pavarini SP, de Deco-Souza T, de Araujo GR, Gomes DC. Systemic histiocytic disorder in a jaguar (Panthera onca). J Comp Pathol 2023; 204:51-54. [PMID: 37451060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
A 7-year-old captive female jaguar (Panthera onca) was presented with a 7-day history of dyspnoea and weight loss. Clinical examination revealed hepatomegaly and elevated serum alanine aminotransferase activity. Pulmonary ultrasonography revealed comet-tail images and an alveolar pattern was detected on thoracic radiography. Due to the poor prognosis, the jaguar was euthanized after 10 days. At necropsy, the main gross findings were hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and multifocal to coalescent, slightly elevated grey areas in the lungs. Histological examination revealed neoplastic proliferation of pleomorphic histiocytes arranged in cohesive sheets in the lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys and lymph nodes. Neoplastic cells had intense immunolabelling for vimentin and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1, and were immunonegative for pancytokeratin, E-cadherin, CD20, CD3 and CD79α. These findings were compatible with a systemic histiocytic disorder, distinct from any well-defined histiocytic proliferative disease in domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina C Guizelini
- Veterinary Anatomic Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rayane C Pupin
- Veterinary Anatomic Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Igor R Santos
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcele B Bandinelli
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Saulo P Pavarini
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thyara de Deco-Souza
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gediendson R de Araujo
- Veterinarian at Bioterium, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Danilo C Gomes
- Veterinary Anatomic Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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4
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Cruz Otero JD, Jager M, Armien AG, Miller A, Stokol T. Granular variant of a histiocytic tumor on the toe of a cat: Case report and literature review. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52:102-107. [PMID: 35751153 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 16-year-old female spayed domestic shorthaired cat was examined for lameness and a mass on the fourth digit of the right hindlimb. Cytologic examination of an aspirate of the mass revealed large discrete cells admixed with low numbers of well-granulated mast cells. The discrete cells contained single to many variably sized light pink to purple granules in their cytoplasm and had pleomorphic nuclei, with intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions. Karyomegalic, binucleated and multinucleated cells were seen. Histologic examination of formalin-fixed sections of the excised mass showed a mildly infiltrative, unencapsulated, multinodular dermal mass that extended into the subcutis and consisted of similar discrete cells. On immunohistochemical staining, the tumor cells expressed ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) and CD18. The tumor cells did not express CD3, CD20, CD117, pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3), melanoma antigen (Melan-A), multiple myeloma oncogene-1 (MUM1), melanoma-associated antigen (PNL-2), and S-100. Low numbers of tumor cells expressed CD204 and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5). Granules were variably positive for Periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) and Alcian blue. On transmission electron microscopy, the cells contained filopodia, abundant endoplasmic reticulum, and moderate numbers of low-density membrane-bound granules. This case documents a previously undescribed granular variant of a histiocytic tumor in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- José D Cruz Otero
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Mason Jager
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Anibal G Armien
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System (CAHFS), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Andrew Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Tracy Stokol
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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5
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Moore PF. Histiocytic Diseases. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:121-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Riker J, Clarke LL, Demeter EA, Miller AD, Howerth EW, Miller DM, Rissi DR. Histiocytic sarcoma with central nervous system involvement in 6 cats. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:87-91. [PMID: 36366728 PMCID: PMC9751457 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221136849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we characterize 6 cases (4 autopsies and 2 biopsies) of histiocytic sarcoma in the CNS of cats. All affected cats had chronic, progressive clinical signs. Three autopsied cats were euthanized because of a poor prognosis, and one died. The clinical outcome for the biopsy cases remains unknown. Tumors occurred in the brain (4 cases), spinal cord (1 case), and brain and spinal cord (1 case). Neoplasms were restricted to the CNS in 3 cases. Reported gross changes in the 4 autopsy cases consisted of neuroparenchymal swelling with or without tissue pallor or gray discoloration (2 cases) and a yellow or dark-gray mass (2 cases). Histologically, pleomorphic, round-to-elongate neoplastic cells with typical histiocytic morphology effaced the neuroparenchyma and leptomeninges. Multinucleate neoplastic cells were observed in all cases. The mitotic count was 1-24 in 2.37 mm2 (10 FN22 40× fields). Neoplastic cells in all cases had positive immunolabeling for Iba1; immunolabeling was negative for E-cadherin, CD3, CD79, and MUM1, confirming their histiocytic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Riker
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lorelei L. Clarke
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Elena A. Demeter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Andrew D. Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth W. Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Doris M. Miller
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Daniel R. Rissi
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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7
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Fiedler G, Gieschler S, Kabisch J, Grimmler C, Brinks E, Wagner N, Hetzer B, Franz CMAP, Böhnlein C. Pseudomonas rustica sp. nov., isolated from bulk tank raw milk at a German dairy farm. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present the description of a novel
Pseudomonas
species, designated Pseudomonas rustica sp. nov., which was isolated from raw milk samples obtained from Germany. Results of initial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis assigned the strain into the genus
Pseudomonas
and showed
Pseudomonas helmanticensis
,
Pseudomonas neuropathica
and
Pseudomonas atagonensis
to be its closest relatives. Further studies including sequence analysis of the rpoB gene, multi-gene phylogenetic tree reconstruction, whole-genome sequence comparisons, cellular fatty acid analysis and chemotaxonomic characterization showed a clear separation from the known
Pseudomonas
species. Isolate MBT-4T was closely related to
Pseudomonas helmanticensis
, 'Pseudomonas crudilactis' and
Pseudomonas neuropathica
with average nucleotide identities based on blast values of 88.8, 88.8 and 88.6%, respectively. Therefore, the strain can be classified into the
Pseudomonas koreensis
subgroup of the
Pseudomonas fluorescens
group. The G+C content of strain MBT-4T was 58.9 mol%. The strain was catalase- and oxidase-positive, while the β-galactosidase reaction was negative. Growth occurred between 4 and 30 °C and at pH values from pH 6.0 to 8.0. In conclusion, strain MBT-4T belongs to a novel species, for which the name Pseudomonas rustica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MBT-4T (=DSM 112348T=LMG 32241T) and strain MBT-17 is also a representative of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Fiedler
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gieschler
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Kabisch
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christina Grimmler
- Department of Safety and Quality of Meat, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, E.-C.-Baumann-Straße 20, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Erik Brinks
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - Natalia Wagner
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - Birgit Hetzer
- Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Charles M. A. P. Franz
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christina Böhnlein
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany
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8
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Feline lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis (FLPCR): Severity of inflammation correlates with reduced mucosal IgA expression. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 234:110193. [PMID: 33611160 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Feline lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis (FLPCR) is a rare disease with an unclear pathogenesis characterized by lymphoplasmacytic (LPC) inflammation and progressive tissue destruction. Aims were to evaluate specific FLPCR clinical and pathological features to gain insights into disease pathogenesis. Signalment, clinical signs, serology and 47 pin. h biopsies were retrospectively collected from 33 FLPCR and 3 normal cats. Microscopical lesions and immunohistochemistry results utilizing anti-CD3, anti-CD20, anti-FOXP3, anti-feline-IgA, IgG, IgE and anti-FeLV (p27 and gp70), FIV, FCV and, FHV were scored and most were analyzed statistically. The majority of cats were domestic short haired (26/31) with median age of 11 years and a 0.35 F/M ratio. Serology evidenced 3/22 FIV and 1/22 FeLV positive cats. Immunohistochemistry evidenced 1/33 FeLV-p27 positive cats. Common clinical signs were sneezing (19/24 [79 %]), mucous discharge (13/24 [54 %]) and stertor (10/24 [42 %]). In normal tissues, IgAs were expressed in mucin, apical and lateral cell membrane of columnar cells and in periglandular plasma cells. IgGs were expressed in 20-30 % of columnar cells. Number of clinical signs was statistically significantly higher in female cats (p < 0.0001) and was significantly correlated with chronicity (p = 0.004), and IgG scores (p = 0.01). LPC severity scores correlated positively with infiltration of neutrophils (p = 0.015), gland destruction (p = 0.019) and angiogenesis (p = 0.016) and negatively with fibrosis (p < 0.0001). LPC severity scores were also significantly associated to female sex (p = 0.01) and to IgA (p = 0.03), with higher IgA scores associated to lower LPC scores. FLPCR associated to disruption of mucosal defense mechanisms generating cycles of tissue inflammation, tissue damage and repair with progressive loss of function independent from viral infections.
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Hirabayashi M, Chambers JK, Sumi A, Harada K, Haritani M, Omachi T, Kobayashi T, Nakayama H, Uchida K. Immunophenotyping of Nonneoplastic and Neoplastic Histiocytes in Cats and Characterization of a Novel Cell Line Derived From Feline Progressive Histiocytosis. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:758-773. [PMID: 32885737 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820953538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Histiocytic proliferative diseases are rare in cats, and their pathogenesis is poorly understood. In the present study, 25 cases of histiocytic sarcoma (HS) and 6 of feline progressive histiocytosis (FPH) were examined, and survival times were recorded in 19 cases. The immunophenotypes of tumor cells in these cases as well as of nonneoplastic feline histiocytes were characterized using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. An FPH cell line (AS-FPH01) and xenotransplant mouse model of FPH were also established. The median survival time of HS (150 days) was significantly shorter than that of FPH (470 days). Immunohistochemically, nonneoplastic histiocytes were immunopositive for various combinations of Iba-1, HLA-DR, E-cadherin, CD204, CD163, CD208, and MAC387. By immunohistochemistry, dermal interstitial dendritic cells (iDCs) and macrophages were CD204+/E-cadherin-, while epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) were CD204-/E-cadherin+. Neoplastic cells of 4 FPH and 18 HS were CD204+/E-cadherin- (iDC/macrophage immunophenotype), while 2 FPH and 2 HS were CD204-/E-cadherin+ (LC immunophenotype), and 5 HS were CD204+/E-cadherin+ (LC-like cell immunophenotype). Furthermore, immunohistochemical and western blot analyses of AS-FPH01 cells derived from E-cadherin-negative FPH revealed that cultured cells were immunopositive for both CD204 and E-cadherin in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that the neoplastic cells of feline HS and FPH were variably positive for iDC/macrophage and LC markers, and their immunophenotype changed in different microenvironments. The novel cell line established in the present study may serve as an experimental model of FPH that will enable further molecular and therapeutic studies on this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kei Harada
- Japan Small Animal Cancer Center, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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10
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Abstract
CASE SUMMARY A 15-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat presented with a 4-week history of dysphonia and reluctance to chew hard food. Oral examination revealed a mass lesion on the caudal soft palate. Biopsy was performed and histopathology with immunohistochemistry was most consistent with histiocytic sarcoma. CT of the head identified a discrete, left-sided, soft tissue mass lesion cranial to the tonsil with bilaterally symmetrical regional lymph nodes. CT of the thorax was unremarkable. Surgical removal achieved cytoreduction but not complete removal. Adjuvant chemotherapy with lomustine 10 mg (30 mg/m2) was initiated. The patient developed suspected pancreatitis 2-3 weeks postoperatively, so further chemotherapy treatment was discontinued, but supportive treatment with pain relief and appetite stimulants was provided. Three months postoperatively, the patient developed recurrent dysphonia, and oral examination revealed a suspicion of local recurrence. Confirmation of diagnosis (cytopathology or histopathology) was not obtained. Supportive treatment to maintain a good quality of life was continued and the patient was euthanased 6 months after diagnosis owing to progressive disease. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION Only a few reports have been published describing histiocytic diseases of cats. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a feline histiocytic sarcoma of the oral cavity. Therefore, histiocytic sarcoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in feline patients with an oral mass, especially if histopathology suggests a pleomorphic and poorly differentiated sarcoma. Immunohistochemistry for the confirmation of cell line origin would be strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavomίra Néčová
- Southfields Veterinary Specialists (formerly VRCC Veterinary referrals), Laindon, UK
| | - Susan North
- Southfields Veterinary Specialists (formerly VRCC Veterinary referrals), Laindon, UK
| | | | - Smita Das
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Higham Gobion, UK
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11
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Argenta FF, de Britto FC, Pereira PR, Rissi DR, Gomes C, da Costa FVA, Pavarini SP. Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in cats and a literature review of feline histiocytic diseases. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 22:305-312. [PMID: 30977699 PMCID: PMC10814658 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x19842384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to report the clinical, radiographic and pathological features of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in four cats, and carry out a literature review of feline histiocytic diseases. METHODS Necropsy reports archived at the Department of Veterinary Pathology of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul were reviewed. The clinical information was then obtained from the clinical records at the Veterinary Hospital. Routine samples had been collected during necropsy, fixed in 10% formalin, routinely processed for histology, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Samples of lung were submitted for bacterial and fungal culture. Tissue sections of lung underwent immunohistochemical testing for vimentin, pancytokeratin, CD18, CD3, CD79αcy, E-cadherin and Iba1. RESULTS This disease affected mixed breed cats aged 7-14 years. Clinical signs consisted of severe mixed inspiratory and expiratory restrictive dyspnea, lethargy and anorexia. Thoracic radiographs revealed different lesion profiles, predominantly of an interstitial and alveolar pattern. Grossly, the lungs were diffusely firm and did not collapse. The pleural surface was bright and irregular due to multifocal-to-coalescent, well-demarcated, white, firm nodules that also extended into and obliterated the pulmonary parenchyma. Histological changes were characterized by poorly demarcated infiltration with histiocytic cells arranged in cohesive groups within the alveolar, bronchiolar and bronchial spaces. Histiocytic cells had intense cytoplasmic immunolabeling for vimentin and Iba1, and robust membrane immunolabeling with CD18 and E-cadherin; these cells were negative for CD3, CD79αcy and pancytokeratin in all cases. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This article confirms that pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease that occurs in middle-aged to older cats and causes widespread involvement of the pulmonary parenchyma, inducing acute or chronic, progressive respiratory disease characterized by mixed restrictive dyspnea that eventually leads to death. While a definitive clinical diagnosis is challenging, the nodular appearance of the pulmonary changes, together with the histological and immunohistochemistry findings, suffice for diagnostic confirmation of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Froner Argenta
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cristina de Britto
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula Reis Pereira
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ricardo Rissi
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Cristiano Gomes
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Vieira Amorim da Costa
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Saulo Petinatti Pavarini
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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12
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Coste M, Prata D, Castiglioni V, Minoli L, Etienne-Raffestin CL, Boulouha L, Moreau S, Lagadic M. Feline progressive histiocytosis: a retrospective investigation of 26 cases and preliminary study of Ki67 as a prognostic marker. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:801-808. [PMID: 31650906 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719884950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline progressive histiocytosis (FPH) is an uncommon and infrequently reported cutaneous histiocytic proliferative disorder, whose clinical presentation is solitary or multiple cutaneous nodules and papules, with late-course internal metastasis. We describe herein the clinical, epidemiologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical features of this entity, and document the outcome of FPH based on a retrospective study of 26 cases. Female and male cats were affected equally. Lesions were evident either as solitary (16 of 26 cases) or multiple (10 of 26 cases) nonpruritic and alopecic nodules or plaques, preferentially located on the legs and extremities (73%). Follow-up was complete for 19 cats, and ranged from 41 to 1,449 d. Nine died of FPH with a median overall survival of 96 d (range: 41-238 d). The disease recurred in 14 cats after surgical excision of the nodules, and the median disease-free survival was 175 d (range: 21-1,449 d). Five of the 26 cats were alive at the end of the study, and 4 had no progression of the disease. Histologically, lesions were characterized by poorly circumscribed, unencapsulated histiocytic infiltration of dermis and subcutis. Epitheliotropism was observed in 11 (42%) cats. Atypical histiocytes diffusely and consistently expressed MHC II, CD18, and Iba1. Statistically significant higher E-cadherin expression was observed in epitheliotropic cases compared to non-epitheliotropic cases. A negative correlation between overall survival and proliferation index was evident, thus suggesting Ki67 as a promising prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Coste
- Department of Embryology and Histopathology, Paris-Est University, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, Ile de France, France (Coste).,IDEXX Laboratories, Saint-Denis, Ile de France, France (Prata, Etienne-Raffestin, Boulouha, Moreau, Lagadic).,IDEXX Laboratories Italia, Milan, Italy (Castiglioni).,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Minoli).,Mouse and Animal Pathology Lab, Fondazione Filarete, Milan, Italy (Minoli)
| | - Daniela Prata
- Department of Embryology and Histopathology, Paris-Est University, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, Ile de France, France (Coste).,IDEXX Laboratories, Saint-Denis, Ile de France, France (Prata, Etienne-Raffestin, Boulouha, Moreau, Lagadic).,IDEXX Laboratories Italia, Milan, Italy (Castiglioni).,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Minoli).,Mouse and Animal Pathology Lab, Fondazione Filarete, Milan, Italy (Minoli)
| | - Vittoria Castiglioni
- Department of Embryology and Histopathology, Paris-Est University, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, Ile de France, France (Coste).,IDEXX Laboratories, Saint-Denis, Ile de France, France (Prata, Etienne-Raffestin, Boulouha, Moreau, Lagadic).,IDEXX Laboratories Italia, Milan, Italy (Castiglioni).,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Minoli).,Mouse and Animal Pathology Lab, Fondazione Filarete, Milan, Italy (Minoli)
| | - Lucia Minoli
- Department of Embryology and Histopathology, Paris-Est University, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, Ile de France, France (Coste).,IDEXX Laboratories, Saint-Denis, Ile de France, France (Prata, Etienne-Raffestin, Boulouha, Moreau, Lagadic).,IDEXX Laboratories Italia, Milan, Italy (Castiglioni).,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Minoli).,Mouse and Animal Pathology Lab, Fondazione Filarete, Milan, Italy (Minoli)
| | - Claire-Lise Etienne-Raffestin
- Department of Embryology and Histopathology, Paris-Est University, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, Ile de France, France (Coste).,IDEXX Laboratories, Saint-Denis, Ile de France, France (Prata, Etienne-Raffestin, Boulouha, Moreau, Lagadic).,IDEXX Laboratories Italia, Milan, Italy (Castiglioni).,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Minoli).,Mouse and Animal Pathology Lab, Fondazione Filarete, Milan, Italy (Minoli)
| | - Lilia Boulouha
- Department of Embryology and Histopathology, Paris-Est University, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, Ile de France, France (Coste).,IDEXX Laboratories, Saint-Denis, Ile de France, France (Prata, Etienne-Raffestin, Boulouha, Moreau, Lagadic).,IDEXX Laboratories Italia, Milan, Italy (Castiglioni).,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Minoli).,Mouse and Animal Pathology Lab, Fondazione Filarete, Milan, Italy (Minoli)
| | - Stéphanie Moreau
- Department of Embryology and Histopathology, Paris-Est University, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, Ile de France, France (Coste).,IDEXX Laboratories, Saint-Denis, Ile de France, France (Prata, Etienne-Raffestin, Boulouha, Moreau, Lagadic).,IDEXX Laboratories Italia, Milan, Italy (Castiglioni).,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Minoli).,Mouse and Animal Pathology Lab, Fondazione Filarete, Milan, Italy (Minoli)
| | - Marie Lagadic
- Department of Embryology and Histopathology, Paris-Est University, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, Ile de France, France (Coste).,IDEXX Laboratories, Saint-Denis, Ile de France, France (Prata, Etienne-Raffestin, Boulouha, Moreau, Lagadic).,IDEXX Laboratories Italia, Milan, Italy (Castiglioni).,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Minoli).,Mouse and Animal Pathology Lab, Fondazione Filarete, Milan, Italy (Minoli)
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13
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Carminato A, Tecilla M, Roccabianca P, Zanardello C, Melchiotti E, Capello K, Vascellari M. CD30 Cross-Reactivity and Expression in Feline Normal Tissues and Lymphomas. Vet Pathol 2019; 57:49-55. [PMID: 31640480 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819875745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD30 is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily included in the diagnostic algorithm of human cutaneous, anaplastic large cell and Hodgkin lymphomas and represents an optimal therapeutic target for CD30+ tumors. Similar diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are largely missing for feline lymphomas. Cross-reactivity of the antihuman CD30 receptor clone Ber-H2 was investigated in feline lymphomas. Comparative analysis of feline and human CD30 identified 61% identity of the amino acid sequence, with 100% identity of the main sequence of the epitope targeted by the antibody (RKQCEPDYYL). CD30 expression in normal feline tissues was restricted to rare lymphoid cells in perifollicular and interfollicular lymph node areas and in the thymic medulla. In feline lymphoma, CD30 was expressed in 4 of 33 (13%) T-cell lymphomas, 3 of 22 (14%) B-cell lymphomas, and 5 of 7 (71%) mixed-cell lymphomas, showing diffuse (1/5) or multifocal (4/5) positivity restricted to neoplastic multinucleated lymphoid cells and binucleated cells consistent with Reed-Sternberg-like cells. Based on the human classification system, cell morphology, expression of multiple markers (mixed cell components), and CD30 positivity, these cases were considered most consistent with classical Hodgkin-like lymphoma (HLL). The other 2 mixed-cell lymphomas were CD30 negative and thus most consistent with either T-cell-rich large B-cell lymphoma (TCRLBCL) or nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL). These findings provide multiple data supporting the cross-reactivity of the Ber-H2 anti-CD30 clone in feline tissues and give evidence of the usefulness of CD30 in the diagnostic evaluation of feline lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carminato
- Department of Histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudia Zanardello
- Department of Histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Erica Melchiotti
- Department of Histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Katia Capello
- Department of Histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marta Vascellari
- Department of Histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
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14
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Bellamy E, Di Palma S, Ressel L, Domínguez E, Fernández Y. Disseminated Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting as oesophageal disease in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2019; 5:2055116919874902. [PMID: 31555461 PMCID: PMC6753522 DOI: 10.1177/2055116919874902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary An 11-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was referred with a 2-month history of ptyalism, hyporexia and weight loss. Physical examination revealed reduced body condition score (2/9) and decreased skin turgor. Laboratory abnormalities included mild erythrocytosis, elevated creatine kinase, hypercobalaminaemia and hypofolataemia. CT of the head and abdominal ultrasonography were within normal limits. Gastroesophagoscopy revealed mucosal ulceration and possible stenosis of the distal oesophagus. Thoracic radiographs and iodine oesophagram showed a soft tissue opacity in the caudodorsal thorax compatible with a parietal oesophageal mass causing luminal stenosis or an extra-parietal mass causing ventral displacement and compression of the oesophagus. Pulmonary nodules were observed in the cranial lung lobes. CT of the thorax confirmed the oesophageal origin of the mass and the presence of pulmonary nodules scattered throughout the lung parenchyma. The patient was euthanased given the imaging findings and perceived guarded prognosis. Post-mortem examination revealed multifocal nodular lesions affecting the oesophagus, lungs, kidneys and pancreas. Histopathological examination identified atypical round cells characterised by eosinophilic cytoplasm and pale nuclei with prominent nuclear grooves, compatible with neoplastic histiocytic cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong expression for CD18, Iba-1 and vimentin. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated intracytoplasmic organelles consistent with Birkbeck granules of Langerhans cell origin in lesional histiocytes. These findings were compatible with a diagnosis of disseminated Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first report of disseminated Langerhans cell histiocytosis with oesophageal involvement in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Bellamy
- Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, UK
| | - Stefano Di Palma
- Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, UK
| | - Lorenzo Ressel
- Department of Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | | | - Yordan Fernández
- Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, UK
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15
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Solc M, Jazic E, Crandell J, Loeffler D. Feline progressive dendritic cell histiocytosis in a domestic long hair feline. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2017-000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Crandell
- Internal MedicineAkron Veterinary Referral & Emergency CenterAkronOhioUSA
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16
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Atypical Histiocytosis in Red Squirrels ( Sciurus vulgaris ). J Comp Pathol 2017; 156:446-450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Faller M, Lamm C, Affolter VK, Valerius K, Schwartz S, Moore PF. Retrospective characterisation of solitary cutaneous histiocytoma with lymph node metastasis in eight dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2016; 57:548-552. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Faller
- Department of Medical Oncology; MedVet Medical & Cancer Centers for Pets; Cincinnati OH 45227 USA
| | - C. Lamm
- Idexx Laboratories; West Sacramento CA 95605 USA
| | - V. K. Affolter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - K. Valerius
- Department of Medical Oncology; MedVet Medical & Cancer Centers for Pets; Cincinnati OH 45227 USA
| | - S. Schwartz
- Department of Surgery, MedVet Medical & Cancer Centers for Pets; Cincinnati OH 45227 USA
| | - P. F. Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
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18
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SYSTEMIC HISTIOCYTIC SARCOMA IN A COMMON HIPPOPOTAMUS (HIPPOPOTAMUS AMPHIBIUS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2016; 47:650-3. [PMID: 27468044 DOI: 10.1638/2015-0271.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 37-yr-old captive common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) developed lethargy and decline in mobility that progressed to death, despite supportive therapy. Histopathologic examination revealed severe, diffuse, intravascular and interstitial infiltration of neoplastic histiocytes in the spleen, liver, lymph nodes, lungs, large intestine, kidneys, and thyroid gland. Neoplastic cells were pleomorphic with marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, scattered multinucleated giant cells, numerous bizarre mitotic figures, and marked erythrophagocytosis. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that neoplastic cells were positive for ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (a histiocytic marker) and negative for CD3 (a T-cell marker) and myeloperoxidase, confirming the diagnosis of systemic histiocytic sarcoma.
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19
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Roccabianca P, Avallone G, Rodriguez A, Crippa L, Lepri E, Giudice C, Caniatti M, Moore PF, Affolter VK. Cutaneous Lymphoma at Injection Sites. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:823-32. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985815623620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Feline primary cutaneous lymphomas (FPCLs) account for 0.2% to 3% of all lymphomas in cats and are more frequently dermal nonepitheliotropic small T-cell tumors. Emergence of FPCL seems unrelated to feline leukemia virus (FeLV) serological positivity or to skin inflammation. A total of 17 cutaneous lymphomas with a history of vaccine injection at the site of tumor development were selected from 47 FPCLs. Clinical presentation, histology, immunophenotype, FeLV p27 and gp70 expression, and clonality were assessed. A majority of male (12/17), domestic short-haired (13/17) cats with a mean age of 11.3 years was reported. Postinjection time of development ranged from 15 days to approximately 9 years in 5 cats. At diagnosis, 11 of 17 cats had no evidence of internal disease. Lymphomas developed in interscapular (8/17), thoracic (8/17), and flank (1/17) cutaneous regions; lacked epitheliotropism; and were characterized by necrosis (16/17), angiocentricity (13/17), angioinvasion (9/17), angiodestruction (8/17), and peripheral inflammation composed of lymphoid aggregates (14/17). FeLV gp70 and/or p27 proteins were expressed in 10 of 17 tumors. By means of World Health Organization classification, immunophenotype, and clonality, the lesions were categorized as large B-cell lymphoma (11/17), anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma (3/17), natural killer cell–like (1/17) lymphoma, or peripheral T-cell lymphoma (1/17). Lineage remained uncertain in 1 case. Cutaneous lymphomas at injection sites (CLIS) shared some clinical and pathological features with feline injection site sarcomas and with lymphomas developing in the setting of subacute to chronic inflammation reported in human beings. Persistent inflammation induced by the injection and by reactivation of FeLV expression may have contributed to emergence of CLIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Roccabianca
- DIVET: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, University of Milano, Italy
| | - G. Avallone
- DIMEVET: Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | - L. Crippa
- ISTOVET, via W. Tobagi, 15-20842 Besana in Brianza (MB), Italy
| | - E. Lepri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - C. Giudice
- DIVET: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, University of Milano, Italy
| | - M. Caniatti
- DIVET: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, University of Milano, Italy
| | - P. F. Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - V. K. Affolter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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20
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Aberdein D, Munday JS, Fairley RA, Vernau W, Thompson KG. A Novel and Likely Inherited Lymphoproliferative Disease in British Shorthair Kittens. Vet Pathol 2015; 52:1176-82. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985815586224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An unusual lymphoproliferative disease was identified in multiple closely related British Shorthair (BSH) kittens, suggesting an inherited predisposition to disease. Affected kittens typically developed rapidly progressive and marked generalized lymphadenopathy, moderate splenomegaly, and regenerative and likely hemolytic anemia from 6 weeks of age. Microscopic findings were suggestive of multicentric T-cell lymphoma, but additional testing revealed a polyclonal population of CD3+/CD4–/CD8– “double negative” T cells (DNT cells). This is a novel disease presentation with similarities to the human disorder autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), a rare inherited disease causing lymphoproliferation and variable manifestations of autoimmunity. The human disease is most commonly due to the presence of Fas gene mutations causing defective lymphocyte apoptosis, and further investigations of both the mode of inheritance and genetic basis for disease in affected cats are currently in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Aberdein
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J. S. Munday
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - R. A. Fairley
- Gribbles Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - W. Vernau
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - K. G. Thompson
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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21
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Abstract
Histiocytic proliferative disorders are commonly observed in dogs and less often cats. Histiocytic disorders occur in most of the dendritic cell (DC) lineages. Canine cutaneous histiocytoma originates from Langerhans cells (LCs) indicated by expression of CD1a, CD11c/CD18, and E-cadherin. When histiocytomas occur as multiple lesions in skin with optional metastasis to lymph nodes and internal organs, the disease resembles cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis of humans. Langerhans cell disorders do not occur in feline skin. Feline pulmonary LCH has been recognized as a cause of respiratory failure due to diffuse pulmonary infiltration by histiocytes, which express CD18 and E-cadherin and contain Birbeck's granules. In dogs and cats, histiocytic sarcomas (HS) arise from interstitial DCs that occur in most tissues of the body. Histiocytic sarcomas begin as localized lesions, which rapidly disseminate to many organs. Primary sites include spleen, lung, skin, brain (meninges), lymph node, bone marrow, and synovial tissues of limbs. An indolent form of localized HS, progressive histiocytosis, originates in the skin of cats. Hemophagocytic HS originates in splenic red pulp and bone marrow macrophages in dogs and cats. In dogs, histiocytes in hemophagocytic HS express CD11d/CD18, which is a leuko-integrin highly expressed by macrophages in splenic red pulp and bone marrow. Canine reactive histiocytic diseases, systemic histiocytosis (SH) and cutaneous histiocytosis, are complex inflammatory diseases with underlying immune dysregulation. The lesions are dominated by activated interstitial DCs and lymphocytes, which invade vessel walls and extend as vasocentric infiltrates in skin, lymph nodes, and internal organs (SH).
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 4206 VM3A, 1 Shields Ave, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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22
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Treggiari E, Ressel L, Polton GA, Benoit J, Desmas I, Blackwood L. Clinical outcome, PDGFRβ and KIT expression in feline histiocytic disorders: a multicentre study. Vet Comp Oncol 2015; 15:65-77. [PMID: 25665137 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Information about histiocytic disease in cats is limited. The aim of this study was to document clinical findings and outcome in feline histiocytic disorders, and characterize the expression of PDGFRβ and KIT in order to identify potential treatment targets. Morphologically diagnosed feline histiocytic tumours were reviewed and characterized by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Five cases of feline progressive histiocytosis (FPH), eight histiocytic sarcomas (HS) and two haemophagocytic histiocytic sarcomas (HaeHS) were confirmed. PDGFRβ was variably positive in most histiocytic cases, while KIT was negative in all. Clinical presentation, treatment and outcome were also evaluated. Partial responses were recorded in measurable disease with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and lomustine, and radiotherapy achieved long-term control in some cases. Survival times were shortest in HaeHS and disseminated disease. PDGFRβ, but not KIT, may represent a therapeutic target in feline histiocytic disorders but more studies are needed to investigate other potential treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Treggiari
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - L Ressel
- Section of Pathology, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - G A Polton
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley, UK
| | | | - I Desmas
- Royal Veterinary College, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Hatfield, UK
| | - L Blackwood
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
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23
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Pinto da Cunha N, Ghisleni G, Scarampella F, Fabbrini F, Sforna M, Cornegliani L, Caniatti M, Avallone G, Moore P, Roccabianca P. Cytologic and immunocytochemical characterization of feline progressive histiocytosis. Vet Clin Pathol 2014; 43:428-36. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazaré Pinto da Cunha
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - Gabriele Ghisleni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | | | | | - Monica Sforna
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Luisa Cornegliani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - Mario Caniatti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - Giancarlo Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - Peter Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California at Davis; Davis CA USA
| | - Paola Roccabianca
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health; University of Milan; Milan Italy
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24
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Scurrell E, Trott A, Rozmanec M, Belford CJ. Ocular histiocytic sarcoma in a cat. Vet Ophthalmol 2013; 16 Suppl 1:173-6. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adele Trott
- Allan & Rushton-Taylor; St. Mary Jersey Channel Islands JE3 3DT UK
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25
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Abstract
A 10-year-old, neutered, male, domestic short-haired cat had numerous, small, firm, round, red, nonpruritic, nonpainful, dermal nodules 5-16 mm in diameter that ruptured within 48 hours of their appearance and subsequently crusted over. The masses were located in all regions of the body. One mass was excised from the dorsal right carpus and examined histologically, and 2 masses from the interscapular region were cultured for bacteria. The excised dermal mass from the carpus effaced normal dermal architecture, pressed tightly against the epidermis, and was composed of tightly packed round to polyhedral cells that extended to the deep margins of the sections. The overlying epidermis was extensively ulcerated and vesiculated with intraepidermal nests of cells identical to those in the dermis. There was marked anisokaryosis in the deeper regions of the mass with numerous multinucleated cells and cells with giant bizarre nuclei. The histological appearance and CD18 immunocytochemical staining of this mass are consistent with a diagnosis of feline progressive epitheliotropic dendritic cell histiocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Gelberg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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26
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Ryseff JK, Kamstock DA, Hissam KM, Avery PR. Pathology in practice. Cutaneous, nonepitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012; 241:1035-7. [PMID: 23039977 DOI: 10.2460/javma.241.8.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Ryseff
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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27
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Wong VM, Snyman HN, Ackerley C, Bienzle D. Primary nasal histiocytic sarcoma of macrophage-myeloid cell type in a cat. J Comp Pathol 2012; 147:209-13. [PMID: 22520253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A 16-year-old neutered male Burmese cat was presented with a locally invasive nasal mass. The cytological and histological findings on incisional biopsy of this mass were suggestive of histiocytic sarcoma. Tumour cells expressed CD18, major histocompatibility complex class II, lysozyme and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase; and lacked expression of CD3, CD79a, CD1a, CD1b, calprotectin, CD11c and E-cadherin. These findings are consistent with a myeloid-macrophage lineage. Metastasis to the bone marrow was present on necropsy examination. Histiocytic sarcoma should be considered in cats presented with primary round cell neoplasia of the nasal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Wong
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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Mochizuki H, Goto-Koshino Y, Takahashi M, Fujino Y, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H. X-Chromosome Inactivation Pattern Analysis for the Assessment of Cell Clonality in Cats. Vet Pathol 2012; 49:963-70. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985812439216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
X-chromosome inactivation pattern (XCIP) analysis has been widely used to assess cell clonality in various types of neoplasms in humans. In the present study, a polymerase chain reaction–based feline XCIP analysis using the feline androgen receptor gene was developed. To construct the system of the analysis, polymorphism in CAG tandem repeats within the feline androgen receptor gene was explored using somatic DNAs from 50 male and 103 female cats. CAG tandem repeats in exon 1 of the feline androgen receptor gene were found to be polymorphic, containing 15 to 22 CAG repeats. Of the 103 female cats, 70 (68%) were heterozygous for the number of CAG repeats, indicating the possible usefulness of XCIP analysis in cats. Application of the feline XCIP analysis to 3 feline mammary gland adenocarcinoma cell lines revealed distinctly skewed XCIPs in these cell lines, indicating their clonal origins. Twelve (80%) of the 15 primary tissue/cell samples obtained from cats with various neoplastic diseases showed skewed XCIPs. Moreover, bone marrow samples from 3 cats with myelodysplastic syndrome were also found to have skewed XCIPs. The polymerase chain reaction–based XCIP analysis developed in this study can provide information on cell clonality in female cats, potentially facilitating the differential diagnosis of various disorders in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Mochizuki
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Goto-Koshino
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Fujino
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H. Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Teshima T, Hata T, Nezu Y, Michishita M, Matsumoto H, Mizutani H, Takahashi K, Koyama H. Amputation for histiocytic sarcoma in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 2012; 14:147-50. [PMID: 22314091 PMCID: PMC10822483 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x11429226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 9-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat presented with a skin lesion of the left tarsus. The lesion was biopsied and, based on the microscopic appearance and immunohistochemical characteristics, histiocytic sarcoma was diagnosed. Amputation was performed with improved demeanor seen postoperatively. However, between 44 and 60 days following the surgery, relapse of skin lesions appeared in multiple locations, including at the previous amputation site, and euthanasia was elected. This is the first report of a histiocytic sarcoma treated with amputation in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Teshima
- Division of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Mylonakis ME, Soubasis N, Kritsepi-Konstantinou M, Vernau W, Theodorou K, Tentoma L, Koutinas AF. Presumptive histiocytic neoplasm with unusual immunophenotype in a cat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-011-1304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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MacNeill AL. Cytology of Canine and Feline Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Lesions and Lymph Nodes. Top Companion Anim Med 2011; 26:62-76. [DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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32
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Arzi B, Murphy B, Baumgarth N, Vapniarsky N, Nemec A, Naydan DK, Cox DP, Verstraete FJM. Analysis of Immune Cells within the Healthy Oral Mucosa of Specific Pathogen-Free Cats. Anat Histol Embryol 2010; 40:1-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2010.01031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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33
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Lamm CG, Stern AW, Smith AJ, Cooper EJ, Ullom SW, Campbell GA. Disseminated cutaneous mast cell tumors with epitheliotropism and systemic mastocytosis in a domestic cat. J Vet Diagn Invest 2009; 21:710-5. [PMID: 19737771 DOI: 10.1177/104063870902100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A 15-year-old female domestic, medium-haired cat presented to the referring veterinarian with a 2-month history of multiple, raised, disseminated, nodular skin lesions. A biopsy of 1 of the lesions was submitted to the Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory for evaluation. Histologically, there were multiple dermal nodules composed of sheets of neoplastic round cells. Multifocally, the neoplastic cells formed multiple small clusters of 3 to 5 cells within the epidermis. Distinct cytoplasmic granules were evident within the neoplastic cells with toluidine blue and Giemsa stains. The neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for c-KIT and lacked immunoreactivity for cluster of differentiation 3 with immunohistochemistry. Based on these findings, multiple epitheliotropic cutaneous mast cell tumors were diagnosed. The cat's health declined rapidly despite aggressive treatment, and the animal was humanely euthanatized. A complete necropsy revealed sheets of similar neoplastic mast cells within the spleen, liver, and individual cells scattered within the bone marrow. Exon 11 of the c-KIT messenger RNA from 1 of the cutaneous masses and the spleen was amplified with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, sequenced, and compared with the published c-KIT messenger RNA sequence from fetal cat tissues. The maximum identity was 100% for both tissue samples. To the authors' knowledge, the present report is the first to describe disseminated cutaneous mast cell tumors with epitheliotropism and systemic mastocytosis in a domestic cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G Lamm
- Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Stillwater, OK 74076, USA.
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34
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Busch MDM, Reilly CM, Luff JA, Moore PF. Feline Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis with Multiorgan Involvement. Vet Pathol 2008; 45:816-24. [DOI: 10.1354/vp.45-6-816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Histiocytic proliferative diseases are uncommon in cats, although recently a progressive histiocytosis of the skin with terminal involvement of internal organs has been described in cats. Here we describe 3 cats (2 males and 1 female) with pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH). The cats were euthanized due to progressive respiratory clinical symptoms and deterioration. Macroscopically, extensive, multifocal to confluent, pulmonary masses were evident. Infiltration of pancreas (2 cats), kidneys (1 cat), liver (1 cat), as well as tracheobronchial, hepatosplenic, or mesenteric lymph nodes (2 cats) was observed by gross or microscopic examination. The infiltrating cells had histiocytic morphology with cytologic atypia characterized by anisokaryosis and hyperchromasia regionally within infiltrated tissues. Lesional histiocytes expressed vimentin, CD18, and E-cadherin. Expression of E-cadherin was usually markedly reduced in extra-pulmonary lesions, which is consistent with possible down-regulation of E-cadherin associated with distant migration from the lung. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated intracytoplasmic organelles consistent with Birbeck's granules of Langerhans cells in the lesional histiocytes in all cats, except in the pancreas of one cat. These findings were compatible with PLCH with limited organ involvement of humans. It remains unproven whether feline PLCH represents a reactive or neoplastic cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. D. M. Busch
- Vet Med Labor GmbH, Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | | | - J. A. Luff
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - P. F. Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
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Friedrichs KR, Young KM. Histiocytic sarcoma of macrophage origin in a cat: case report with a literature review of feline histiocytic malignancies and comparison with canine hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma. Vet Clin Pathol 2008; 37:121-8. [PMID: 18366555 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2008.00005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mild nonregenerative anemia was detected in a 9-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat during a routine examination. Bone marrow core biopsy revealed erythroid hyperplasia; however, a specific cause was not identified. Over the next 8 months the anemia progressed, eventually becoming mildly regenerative, and moderate thrombocytopenia developed. On ultrasonographic examination, marked splenomegaly, mild hepatomegaly, and abdominal lymphadenopathy were found. Cytologic evaluation of splenic aspirates revealed increased numbers of mildly to moderately pleomorphic histiocytes that frequently had phagocytosed RBCs, leukocytes, and occasionally platelets. Histopathologic examination of the spleen and liver revealed effacement of splenic architecture by a histiocytic sarcoma (HS), and neoplastic histiocytes in hepatic sinusoids. A second bone marrow aspirate revealed neoplastic infiltration by similar cells. The histiocytes in all tissues were mildly to moderately pleomorphic and markedly erythrophagocytic. The immunophenotype of histiocytes in the spleen was CD1c(-)/CD11b(+)/CD18(+)/MHC-II(+), supporting a macrophage cell lineage. The clinical, pathologic, and immunophenotypic findings in this cat were similar to those in hemophagocytic HSs in dogs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a HS of purported macrophage phenotype in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Friedrichs
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Brenn SH, Couto SS, Craft DM, Leung C, Bergman PJ. Evaluation of P-glycoprotein expression in feline lymphoma and correlation with clinical outcome. Vet Comp Oncol 2008; 6:201-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2008.00161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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37
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Allison RW, Brunker JD, Breshears MA, Avery AC, Moore PF, Affolter VK, Vernau W. Dendritic cell leukemia in a Golden Retriever. Vet Clin Pathol 2008; 37:190-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2008.00042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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