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Auch CL, Michael A. Cutaneous plasmacytoma with Mott cell differentiation in a dog. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:564-568. [PMID: 38842410 PMCID: PMC11185116 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241251840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytologic evaluation of aspirate slides from a small, <1-cm, interdigital mass on a 9-y-old, spayed female Yorkshire Terrier revealed a proliferation of discrete, round cells containing few-to-many, variably sized, round, eosinophilic, cytoplasmic inclusions. The top differentials based on the cytologic findings were either a plasma cell tumor or a B-cell lymphoma with Mott cell differentiation. The unencapsulated, well-demarcated, multilobulated round-cell neoplasm was completely excised. Immunohistochemical stains were performed to further characterize the neoplasm, which had immunolabeling for multiple myeloma oncogene 1 and vimentin, but did not react with CD3, CD20, melan A, or ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, nor with a Giemsa special stain. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasmic granules had Russell body-like morphology. A solitary, cutaneous plasmacytoma with Mott cell differentiation has not been described previously in veterinary medicine, to our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L. Auch
- Departments of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Alyona Michael
- Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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2
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Schuwerk L, Ulianytska A, Baumgärtner W, Reineking W. Melan-A immunolabeling in canine extramedullary plasmacytomas. Vet Pathol 2024:3009858241246979. [PMID: 38642035 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241246979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Histologic diagnosis of less well-differentiated cases of canine extramedullary plasmacytomas (CEMPs) may require immunohistochemical confirmation to discriminate these tumors from other round cells tumors including lymphoma, cutaneous histiocytoma, and amelanotic melanomas. CEMPs are characterized by widespread immunoreactivity for multiple myeloma 1 (MUM1) antigen and λ light chains, while the melanocytic marker melan-A has been reported to yield negative results. Here, 33 randomly selected CEMPs, 20 melanocytomas, and 20 malignant melanomas were immunohistochemically tested for MUM1, melan-A, and PNL2. In addition, CEMPs were examined for PAX5, E-cadherin, CD3, CD18, CD20, S100, as well as λ and κ light chain immunoreactivity. All CEMPs were characterized by labeling for MUM1 and λ light chain, as well as variable immunopositivity for the remaining antibodies. Notably, 13 cases of CEMPs (39.4%) exhibited immunolabeling for melan-A. Melanocytic tumors immunolabeled for melan-A (40/40; 100%) and PNL2 (34/40; 85%). An unexpected cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for MUM1 was observed in 2 melanocytic tumors. Summarized, MUM1 or melan-A immunomarkers alone are not sufficient to differentiate between CEMPs and amelanotic melanomas and should be part of a larger immunopanel including λ light chain, CD20, and PNL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schuwerk
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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3
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Valente PCLG, Peleteiro MC, Dias MJ, Vicente G, Pomba C, Duarte A, Correia J. Multiple myeloma in dogs: Use of the cell block technique as a new diagnostic tool. Vet Clin Pathol 2024; 53:93-98. [PMID: 38240087 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM) in dogs may be challenging and complex. The cell blocks are a diagnostic technique that allows the characterization of neoplastic cells and, therefore, might help in the diagnosis of atypical MM. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present work is to describe three clinical cases in which the cell blocks and immunohistochemistry contributed to the definitive diagnosis of canine MM. METHODS Three dogs, one female and two males, with different clinical signs, were presented for consultation with anemia, hyperproteinemia with monoclonal gammopathy, and the presence of plasmacytosis in the bone marrow. Cytologic analysis of the spleen was performed in two dogs and was suggestive of the presence of lymphocytes or plasma cells of a neoplastic nature in one of the cases and plasma cell hyperplasia associated with extramedullary hematopoiesis in the other. Given the hypotheses of lymphoid neoplasms with a plasma cell phenotype, cell blocks from aspiration punctures were performed for immunohistochemical analysis with anti-CD3, CD20, CD79αcy, PAX5, and MUM1 antibodies. RESULTS The results revealed positive staining for MUM1 in 80% of the cells in the spleen cell block and for CD20 and MUM1 in 70% of the cells in the bone marrow cell blocks, with negative staining for the other antibodies. The immunophenotyping results allowed the diagnosis of MM in the three cases and excluded other lymphoid neoplasms. CONCLUSIONS This work reinforces the importance of using cell blocks in the diagnosis of neoplasms by demonstrating their potential to aid the diagnosis of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela Cristina Lopes Gurgel Valente
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Conceição Peleteiro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Joana Dias
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Vicente
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Constança Pomba
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Duarte
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Correia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
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4
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van der Weyden L, Avenant A, O’Dell N. Cutaneous Plasmacytoma with Systemic Metastases in a Cape Serotine Bat ( Laephotis capensis). Vet Sci 2024; 11:72. [PMID: 38393090 PMCID: PMC10892064 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite their relatively long life-spans, reports of neoplasia in bats are rare and are limited to a handful of cases. In this report, we describe a 2-year-old female wild Cape serotine bat (Laephotis capensis) that had been caught by a domestic cat and presented with a skin mass over the chest area. Histopathological analysis of a subsequent biopsy revealed proliferating sheets of neoplastic round cells, occasionally appearing to form packets, supported by a fine, fibrovascular stroma. Marked nuclear pleomorphism was seen, as well as a high mitotic count. Immunohistochemistry displayed positive labelling for MUM1 in the neoplastic cells. The diagnosis was extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP); a neoplasm consisting of plasma cells derived from B lymphocytes. Due to a deteriorating condition, the bat was anaesthetised, and the mass was surgically removed two weeks later. However, the bat succumbed under the anaesthetic. Histopathological examination of the mass showed the same neoplastic cell population as observed in the biopsy; in addition, there was a locally extensive infiltration of neoplastic cells in the spleen and a mild presence of neoplastic cells in circulation. This is the first report of an EMP in a bat, and we compare the findings with that seen in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alida Avenant
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa;
| | - Nicolize O’Dell
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa;
- Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
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5
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Barton CK, Hughes KL, Cowan C, Nout-Lomas YS, Nelson BB. An Unusual Cause of Femoral Nerve Paresis in a Horse: Disseminated B Cell Lymphoma With Plasmacytoid Differentiation and Direct Neuronal Invasion. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 126:104502. [PMID: 37120116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
A 21-year-old Quarter Horse mare presented with a chronic, progressively worsening left pelvic limb lameness of 3 weeks duration. The initial examination identified a consistent lameness at a walk. Neurological examination showed sensory and gait abnormalities consistent with left femoral nerve dysfunction. The horse minimally advanced the leg cranially and had a shortened stride length at the walk. During the stance phase, the heels of the left hind foot did not contact the ground and the horse quickly took weight off of the limb. Diagnostic imaging (ultrasound and nuclear scintigraphy) examinations did not reveal a cause. Severe lymphocytosis was identified on complete blood cell count (69,600 cells /uL; reference range: 1,500-4,000 cells/uL), suggestive of lymphoma. Postmortem examination revealed focal swelling of the left femoral nerve. Multiple masses were found in the stomach, large colon, adrenal gland, mesentery, heart, and meninges. The entire left pelvic limb was dissected and did not reveal other causes of the gait deficit. Histologic evaluation of the left femoral nerve revealed disseminated intermediate cell size B cell lymphoma, with an immunophenotype suggestive of plasmacytoid differentiation. These lymphocytes infiltrated the femoral nerve at the location of the focal nerve swelling, in addition to other peripheral nerves. This case highlights a horse with an atypical diagnosis of femoral nerve paresis caused by direct neoplastic lymphocyte infiltration, deriving from disseminated B cell lymphoma with plasmacytoid differentiation (neurolymphomatosis). Though rare, disseminated lymphoma with direct nerve infiltration should be considered in horses with peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte K Barton
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.
| | - Kelly L Hughes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Catharine Cowan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Yvette S Nout-Lomas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Brad B Nelson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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6
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Martin C, Clift S, Leisewitz A. Lung pathology of natural Babesia rossi infection in dogs. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2023; 94:59-69. [PMID: 37358318 DOI: 10.36303/jsava.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A proportion of Babesia rossi infections in dogs are classified as complicated and one of the most lethal complications is acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Most dogs that die succumb within 24 hours of presentation. The pulmonary pathology caused by B. rossi in dogs has not been described. The aim of this study was to provide a thorough macroscopic, histological and immunohistochemical description of the lung changes seen in dogs naturally infected with B. rossi that succumbed to the infection. Death was invariably accompanied by alveolar oedema. Histopathology showed acute interstitial pneumonia characterised by alveolar oedema and haemorrhages, with increased numbers of mononuclear leucocytes in alveolar walls and lumens. Intra-alveolar polymerised fibrin aggregates were observed in just over half the infected cases. Immunohistochemistry showed increased numbers of MAC387- and CD204-reactive monocyte-macrophages in alveolar walls and lumens, and increased CD3-reactive T-lymphocytes in alveolar walls, compared with controls. These histological features overlap to some extent (but far from perfectly) with the histological pattern of lung injury referred to as the exudative stage of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) as is quite commonly reported in ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Martin
- Idexx Laboratories (Pty) Ltd, South Africa
| | - S Clift
- Section of Pathology, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A Leisewitz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Bailey Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, United States of America and Section of Small Animal Medicine, Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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7
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Riccardi E, Klopfleish R, Bell F, Calvez SL, Dawson LJ. MUM-1 in canine lymphoma: A pilot study. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:316-319. [PMID: 36800915 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231155401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Expression of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4)/multiple myeloma oncogene-1 (MUM1) in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) in people is associated with a poorer survival outcome compared to cases of PTCL lacking MUM1 expression. The aim of this study was to determine whether MUM1 is expressed in canine peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). For comparison, the presence of MUM1 antigen was also investigated in canine diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Nine cases of PTCL-NOS and 9 cases of DLBCL diagnosed by a commercial veterinary diagnostic laboratory were selected. Positive immunohistochemical labeling for MUM1 was observed in PTCL-NOS (2 out of 9 cases) and DLBCL (3 out of 9 cases). These findings suggest that a subset of neoplastic T and B lymphocytes can express MUM1. The role of MUM1 in the biological behavior and outcome of canine lymphoma (CL) requires further investigation on a larger number of cases.
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8
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Moore AR. Diagnosing Multiple Myeloma and Related Disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:101-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hughes KL, Rout ED, Avery PR, Pavuk AA, Avery AC, Moore AR. A series of heterogeneous lymphoproliferative diseases with CD3 and MUM1 co-expressed in cats and dogs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:22-33. [PMID: 36424869 PMCID: PMC9751460 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221139799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma diagnosis in dogs and cats is continually evolving as new subtypes and human correlates are being recognized. In humans, T-cell lymphomas with MUM1 expressed and plasma cell neoplasia or B-cell lymphomas with CD3 expressed aberrantly are reported only rarely. We report here a case series of tumors in dogs and cats with CD3 and MUM1 co-expressed as determined by immunocytochemistry or immunohistochemistry. Lineage was assigned for these tumors by 3 board-certified pathologists and a veterinary immunologist based on review of clinical and cellular features and the results of ancillary testing including PCR for antigen receptor rearrangements, flow cytometry, and serum protein electrophoresis with immunofixation. In cats, 7 of 7 tumors, and in dogs, 3 of 6 tumors with CD3 and MUM1 co-expressed had clonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin gene or serum monoclonal immunoglobulin, consistent with a diagnosis of a plasma cell neoplasia or myeloma-related disorder with CD3 expressed aberrantly. Disease was often disseminated; notably, 3 of 7 feline cases had cutaneous and/or subcutaneous involvement in the tarsal area. In dogs, 3 of 6 cases had a clonal T-cell receptor gamma result and no clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and were diagnosed as a T-cell tumor with MUM1 expressed. The use of multiple testing modalities in our series of tumors with plasma-cell and T-cell antigens in dogs and cats aided in the comprehensive identification of the lymphoproliferative disease subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. Hughes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Emily D. Rout
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Paul R. Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Anne C. Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - A Russell Moore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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10
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Kanwal M, Selting KA. Oral Extramedullary Plasmacytoma Treatment Using a Combination of Marginal Excision and Strontium-90 Therapy in Five Dogs. J Vet Dent 2022; 40:181-186. [PMID: 36540017 DOI: 10.1177/08987564221145111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a benign round cell tumor that is most commonly found in cutaneous locations in dogs and occurs less frequently in the oral cavity. They are highly radiosensitive, are distinct from systemic multiple myeloma syndrome and wide surgical excision is typically curative. This report describes five cases of non-invasive oral EMP in dogs treated with a combination of marginal excision and strontium-90 plesiotherapy. All five cases had narrow or incomplete margins on histopathologic evaluation but experienced no recurrence after combination therapy. Plesiotherapy radiation may offer a potential adjunct treatment for non-invasive oral EMP by providing a superficial dose of radiation that complements a less invasive surgical removal. The combination of plesiotherapy and marginal excision may offer an alternative to wide surgical excision for non-invasive oral EMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Kanwal
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Selting
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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11
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Tovar-Lopez G, Evans S, Muñoz Gutiérrez JF, Moore AR, Sadar MJ. Multiple Myeloma with Aberrant CD3 Expression in a Red-Lored Amazon Parrot (Amazona autumnalis). J Avian Med Surg 2022; 36:316-324. [DOI: 10.1647/21-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Romanelli P, Recordati C, Rigamonti P, Bertazzolo W. Erythrophagocytic multiple myeloma in a dog. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:718-722. [DOI: 10.1177/10406387221092299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A 5-y-old spayed female Golden Retriever dog was referred because of severe normocytic normochromic nonregenerative anemia and thrombocytopenia. Serum analysis revealed hyperproteinemia and monoclonal or oligoclonal gammopathy. Fine-needle aspiration of the spleen revealed a highly erythrophagocytic population of neoplastic round cells, morphologically suggestive of plasma cells. After euthanasia, histologic assessment of the spleen and liver revealed an erythrophagocytic round cell tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis of the tumor population was positive for MUM1p and negative for CD3, CD20, and Iba-1, confirming the plasma cell origin of the tumor. Erythrophagocytic multiple myeloma is a very rare neoplastic condition in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camilla Recordati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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13
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Jeffries C, Moore AR, Schlemmer SN. Urinary bladder wall mass with neoplastic lymphoid cells in the urine: Diagnosis of an IgG secretory B-cell lymphoma with Bence-Jones proteinuria in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2022; 51:426-431. [PMID: 35488188 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we describe a multimodal approach to diagnose a unique case of myeloma-related disease, extranodal secretory B-cell lymphoma with urinary bladder involvement, an IgG4 monoclonal gammopathy, and Bence-Jones proteinuria in a dog with a 6-year history of hyperglobulinemia that had not been further evaluated. A 12-year-old dog was presented for evaluation of a 1-week history of tenesmus. Urine sediment cytologic evaluation revealed low to moderate numbers of intermediate to large-sized lymphocytes. We describe a technique that yielded adequate numbers of viable neoplastic cells in shipped urine sediment for PARR and flow cytometry. Those studies demonstrated a clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and an expansion of CD21-positive and MHC Class II-negative B cells, respectively. Protein electrophoresis with immunofixation and proteomic evaluation revealed a serum and urine IgG4 monoclonal gammopathy with Bence-Jones proteinuria. MUM1 immunocytochemistry performed on the urine sediment slides failed to label the neoplastic cells; thus, a plasma cell tumor was considered unlikely. Lack of response to a cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy regimen led to euthanasia without necropsy 21 days after diagnosis. Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic malignancy and accounts for up to a quarter of all neoplasms in dogs, but lymphoid neoplasms arising primarily from extranodal sites are infrequently reported. Urinary tract neoplasia can be diagnosed by urine evaluation in about one-third of canine cases, but the diagnosis of lymphoid neoplasia via urine evaluation is rarely reported. This case highlights the utility of ancillary diagnostics on urine for detection of lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Jeffries
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - A Russell Moore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Samantha N Schlemmer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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14
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Chadsey LE, Cook MR, Selmic LE, Premanandan C, DiVincenzo MJ, Wellman M, Brown ME. Parotid Salivary Gland Extramedullary Plasmacytoma with Local Lymph Node Metastasis in a Dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2022. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A 12 yr old spayed female mixed-breed dog presented for evaluation of a recurrent soft-tissue sarcoma. On physical examination, a firm mass was palpated ventral to the left ramus of the mandible. A fine-needle aspirate of the mass was suggestive of a round-cell neoplasm. A complete blood count, serum biochemical profile, and an abdominal ultrasound with liver and splenic aspirates were performed, and no clinically relevant abnormalities were identified. Advanced imaging of the skull identified an enlarged parotid salivary gland and an enlarged ipsilateral medial retropharyngeal lymph node. The medial retropharyngeal lymph node was sampled via fine-needle aspiration, and a round-cell population similar to what was present in the mass was identified. An incisional biopsy was performed under general anesthesia, which yielded a diagnosis of salivary gland extramedullary plasmacytoma, confirmed with immunohistochemistry (MUM-1). The parotid salivary gland and medial retropharyngeal lymph node were then surgically excised, and metastasis to the lymph node was confirmed by histopathology. The dog remained alive for 685 days after surgery until she was euthanized for hindlimb paresis of undetermined cause.
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15
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Antognoni MT, Misia AL, Brachelente C, Mechelli L, Paolini A, Miglio A. Non Epitheliotropic B-Cell Lymphoma with Plasmablastic Differentiation vs. Cutaneous Plasmacytosis in a 12-Years-Old Beagle: Case Presentation and Clinical Review. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8120317. [PMID: 34941844 PMCID: PMC8707514 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8120317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous lymphoid neoplasms and cutaneous plasmacytosis are rare in the dog; in human and in veterinary medicine, these have many clinical, cytological, histological, and phenotypic similarities, and a diagnosis of certainty is not easy. The aim of this study is to describe a case of cutaneous non epitheliotropic B-cell lymphoma (CNEBL) with plasmablastic differentiation vs. multiple cutaneous plasmacytosis (CP) in a dog, since the scarce bibliographic data on these topics. A 12-year-old male Beagle dog was presented for multiple, nodular, cutaneous, and subcutaneous, indolent masses disseminated on the whole body. Cytological, histological, flow cytometric, and immunohistochemical examinations, as well as complete radiographic evaluation, echocardiography, and abdominal ultrasound were performed. Cytology, histopathology, flow cytometric, and immunohistochemical examination, performed on the skin lesions, revealed a B-cell phenotype with plasmablastic differentiation. Nevertheless, a final diagnosis could not be achieved and it was categorized as a case of borderline CNEBL with plasmablastic differentiation versus CP. The dog was treated with a COP chemotherapeutic protocol. Total remission was obtained and relapse occurred 120 days later. To our knowledge, specific markers are actually unavailable to certainly differentiate CNEBL and CP in the dog and future studies are needed to improve knowledge on these pathologies in veterinary medicine, since prognosis and therapy are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Antognoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (M.T.A.); (C.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Ambra Lisa Misia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (M.T.A.); (C.B.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Chiara Brachelente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (M.T.A.); (C.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Luca Mechelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (M.T.A.); (C.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Andrea Paolini
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Arianna Miglio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (M.T.A.); (C.B.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.M.); (A.M.)
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16
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Gobbo F, Sarli G, De Silva M, Galiazzo G, Chiocchetti R, Morini M. A Double Histochemical/Immunohistochemical Staining for the Identification of Canine Mast Cells in Light Microscopy. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8100229. [PMID: 34679059 PMCID: PMC8537840 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a widely used technique in diagnostic pathology, but the simultaneous analysis of more than one antibody at a time with different chromogens is rather complex, time-consuming, and quite expensive. In order to facilitate the identification of mast cells (MCs) during immunohistochemical analysis of membrane and/or nuclear markers, we propose a new staining method that includes the association of IHC and toluidine blue as a counterstain. To achieve this goal, we tested c-kit, Ki67, and cannabinoid receptor 2 on several cases of cutaneous canine mast cell tumors (MCTs), cutaneous mastocytosis, and atopic dermatitis. The results obtained show how this double staining technique, although limited to non-cytoplasmic markers and of little use in poorly differentiated MCTs in which MC metachromasia is hard to see, can be used during the evaluation of nuclear and/or membranous immunohistochemical markers in all canine cutaneous disorders, especially if characterized by the presence of a low number of MCs. It can help to evaluate those MCTs in which neoplastic MCs must be clearly distinguished from inflammatory cells that can infiltrate the tumor itself, in facilitating the calculation of the Ki67 index. Moreover, it can be used to study the expression of new markers in both animal and human tissues containing MCs and in MC disorders.
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Brown JE, Russell EB, Moore AR, Oscos-Snowball A, Stent A, Courtman NF. Hypoglobulinemia in a dog with disseminated plasma cell neoplasia: Case report and review of the diagnostic criteria. Vet Clin Pathol 2021; 50:227-235. [PMID: 33913178 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This is the first reported case of hypoglobulinemia in a dog with disseminated plasma cell neoplasia. A 6-year-old male intact Rottweiler was referred to the U-Vet Animal Hospital (Werribee, Vic, Australia) for weight loss, hyporexia, lethargy, vomiting, and soft stools. Examination of a buffy coat preparation and splenic and liver aspirates revealed a monomorphic population of plasmacytoid cells, and the same cells comprised approximately 90% of bone marrow samples submitted for cytologic and histologic evaluation. Biochemistry revealed a hypoglobulinemia, and the presence of an M-protein was not supported by serum and urine protein electrophoresis or serum immunofixation. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated strong nuclear labeling for MUM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet E Brown
- U-Vet Werribee Animal Hospital and Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Vic., Australia
| | - Elise B Russell
- U-Vet Werribee Animal Hospital and Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Vic., Australia
| | - A Russell Moore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Astrid Oscos-Snowball
- U-Vet Werribee Animal Hospital and Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Vic., Australia
| | - Andrew Stent
- U-Vet Werribee Animal Hospital and Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Vic., Australia
| | - Natalie F Courtman
- U-Vet Werribee Animal Hospital and Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Vic., Australia
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Matsumoto F, Shima-Sawa M, Furusawa Y, Yamato O, Yabuki A. A rapid multiple immunofluorescence method for the simultaneous detection of CD20 and CD3 in canine and feline cytological samples. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:832-836. [PMID: 33814519 PMCID: PMC8182324 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD20 and CD3 are considered reliable markers for B and T cells, respectively. This study aimed to develop a rapid multiple immunofluorescence (RMIF) method for the detection of CD20 and CD3 on a single cytology slide. Air-dried smears were prepared using samples collected from dogs (n=26) and cats (n=6). Immunosignal detection using the newly developed method required 60 min. Clear immunosignals for CD20 and CD3 were detected in 24 of 26 samples in dogs and in all 6 cats. As the RMIF (CD20/CD3) method can detect markers of both B and T cells simultaneously on a single cytology smear, it would be an efficient tool for the immunophenotyping of canine and feline lymphoma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Mariko Shima-Sawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yu Furusawa
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Akira Yabuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.,Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Schiavo L, Di Palma S, Verganti S. Case of multiple myeloma with cutaneous involvement and aberrant CD3 expression. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Schiavo
- Department of Small AnimalsAnimal Health TrustNewmarketSuffolkUK
| | | | - Sara Verganti
- Department of Small Animal OncologyAnimal Health TrustNewmarketSuffolkUK
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20
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Foiani G, Zanardello C, Carminato A, Melchiotti E, Roccabianca P, Tecilla M, Vascellari M. Chromogenic in situ hybridization for the detection of lambda and kappa immunoglobulin light chains as a potential auxiliary diagnostic technique in canine plasmacytomas. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:675-682. [PMID: 32627692 PMCID: PMC7488974 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720938687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous morphologic features of canine plasmacytomas (PCTs) can make their differentiation from other round cell tumors challenging. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for lambda (λ) and kappa (к) immunoglobulin (Ig) light chains is often equivocal because of high background staining. The chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) technique for light chains has shown higher sensitivity compared to IHC in human plasma cell tumors. Therefore, we aimed to validate automated CISH for light chains in canine tissues and to evaluate its diagnostic potential in canine PCTs, in conjunction with routinely used IHC markers. CISH for light chains demonstrated a clear signal in plasma cell populations of canine control tissues (lymph nodes, lymphoplasmacytic inflammation) showing a polyclonal pattern with a prevalence of λ-producing cells. CISH detected monotypic light chain expression in 33 of 53 (62%) PCTs, 31 expressing λ and 2 expressing к. CISH was more sensitive than IHC for λ light chain (58% vs. 47%, respectively) and more easily interpretable given the absence of confounding background staining. The absence of CISH staining for both λ and к in a considerable subset of tumors may be the result of lower light chain production by neoplastic cells. Multiple myeloma oncogene 1 (MUM1) was expressed by all but 2 PCTs (96%), which showed λ expression by CISH and IHC. The identification of poorly differentiated canine PCTs requires the assessment of a panel of IHC markers, with the potential support of CISH for Ig light chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Foiani
- Greta Foiani, Laboratory of Histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, Legnaro, Padua, 35020, Italy.
| | - Claudia Zanardello
- Laboratory of Histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy (Foiani, Zanardello, Carminato, Melchiotti, Vascellari)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milano, Milano, Italy (Roccabianca, Tecilla)
| | - Antonio Carminato
- Laboratory of Histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy (Foiani, Zanardello, Carminato, Melchiotti, Vascellari)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milano, Milano, Italy (Roccabianca, Tecilla)
| | - Erica Melchiotti
- Laboratory of Histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy (Foiani, Zanardello, Carminato, Melchiotti, Vascellari)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milano, Milano, Italy (Roccabianca, Tecilla)
| | - Paola Roccabianca
- Laboratory of Histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy (Foiani, Zanardello, Carminato, Melchiotti, Vascellari)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milano, Milano, Italy (Roccabianca, Tecilla)
| | - Marco Tecilla
- Laboratory of Histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy (Foiani, Zanardello, Carminato, Melchiotti, Vascellari)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milano, Milano, Italy (Roccabianca, Tecilla)
| | - Marta Vascellari
- Laboratory of Histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy (Foiani, Zanardello, Carminato, Melchiotti, Vascellari)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milano, Milano, Italy (Roccabianca, Tecilla)
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21
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Elliott J, Looper J, Keyerleber M, Turek M, Blackwood L, Henry J, Gieger T. Response and outcome following radiation therapy of macroscopic canine plasma cell tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:718-726. [PMID: 32419347 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Thirty dogs with macroscopic plasma cell tumours (PCTs) were treated with radiation therapy (RT). Twelve patients were treated with palliative-intent prescriptions (range, 4-10 Gy/fraction (median, 7 Gy/fraction) for a total dose of 20 to 35 Gy (median total dose 30 Gy). Eighteen patients received definitive-intent prescriptions (range, 3.0-4.2 Gy/fraction (median, 3 Gy/fraction) for a total dose of 42 to 54 Gy (median total dose 48 Gy). Involved sites included the oral cavity, skin, multiple myeloma (MM)-associated lytic bone lesions, bone (solitary osseous plasmacytoma; SOP), nasal cavity, larynx, retrobulbar space, lymph node and rectum. Ninety-five percent of evaluable dogs had a complete (CR; 16/22) or partial response (PR; 5/22). Patients with MM experienced significant analgesia. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 611 days (range: 36-2001 days). Events in the non-MM cases included in-field progression (5/26, 19%) and disseminated disease (5/26, 19%). The median survival time (MST) for all dogs was 697 days (range: 71-2075 days), and when only non-MM cases were considered, MST was 771 days (range: 71-2075 days). Fourteen patients were alive without disease progression or had died of unrelated causes. Achievement of a PR was associated with an inferior PFS and MST as compared with CR. Palliative-intent RT was associated with inferior MST as compared with definitive-intent RT. RT is a useful therapeutic modality for PCTs and tumour responses are often complete and durable, with protracted survivals. The optimal radiation dose and schedule are yet to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Elliott
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jayme Looper
- Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Michele Keyerleber
- Tufts University, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michelle Turek
- University of Wisconsin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Laura Blackwood
- University of Liverpool, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joshua Henry
- Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Tracy Gieger
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Villedieu E, Beck S, Findji L. Spontaneous Regression of a Mandibular Plasmacytoma in a Juvenile Dog: A Case Report. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2020; 56:e56301. [PMID: 32182107 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 4 mo old female Finnish lapphund presented for further investigation of a swelling of the right rostral mandible. A computed tomography scan showed the swelling to be an expansile and osteolytic mandibular lesion. Histopathology revealed a poorly differentiated, moderately well-demarcated, unencapsulated, highly infiltrative round cell neoplasm, and immunohistochemistry was supportive of a plasmacytoma. Performance of a rostral partial mandibulectomy was initially discussed with the owners, but the lesion improved spontaneously both clinically and on repeated computed tomography scanning before surgery could be performed. It subsequently almost completely resolved 6 mo after diagnosis. Hypotheses for spontaneous regression of the lesion are discussed and the human literature is briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Villedieu
- From Fitzpatrick Referrals Oncology and Soft Tissue, Guildford, United Kingdom (E.V.); Bridge Pathology Ltd., Bristol, United Kingdom (S.B.); and Fitzpatrick Referrals Oncology and Soft Tissue, Guildford, United Kingdom (L.F.)
| | - Samuel Beck
- From Fitzpatrick Referrals Oncology and Soft Tissue, Guildford, United Kingdom (E.V.); Bridge Pathology Ltd., Bristol, United Kingdom (S.B.); and Fitzpatrick Referrals Oncology and Soft Tissue, Guildford, United Kingdom (L.F.)
| | - Laurent Findji
- From Fitzpatrick Referrals Oncology and Soft Tissue, Guildford, United Kingdom (E.V.); Bridge Pathology Ltd., Bristol, United Kingdom (S.B.); and Fitzpatrick Referrals Oncology and Soft Tissue, Guildford, United Kingdom (L.F.)
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23
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Immunopathogenesis of canine chronic ulcerative stomatitis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227386. [PMID: 31923271 PMCID: PMC6953816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis is a spontaneously occurring inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa. An immune-mediated pathogenesis is suspected though not yet proven. We have recently reported on the clinical and histologic features, and identification of select leukocyte cell populations within the lesion. A clinical and histologic similarity to oral lichen planus of people was proposed. In the present study, these initial observations are extended by examining lesions from 24 dogs with clinical evidence of chronic ulcerative stomatitis. Because dogs with chronic ulcerative stomatitis often have concurrent periodontal disease, we wondered if dental plaque/biofilm may be a common instigator of inflammation in both lesions. We hypothesized that dogs with chronic ulcerative stomatitis would exhibit a spectrum of pathologic changes and phenotype of infiltrating leukocytes that would inform lesion pathogenesis and that these changes would differ from inflammatory phenotypes in periodontitis. Previously we identified chronic ulcerative stomatitis lesions to be rich in FoxP3+ and IL17+ cells. As such, we suspect that these leukocytes play an important role in lesion pathogenesis. The current study confirms the presence of moderate to large numbers of FoxP3+ T cells and IL17+ cells in all ulcerative stomatitis lesions using confocal immunofluorescence. Interestingly, the majority of IL17+ cells were determined to be non-T cells and IL17+ cell frequencies were negatively correlated with severity on the clinical scoring system. Three histologic subtypes of ulcerative stomatitis were determined; lichenoid, deep stomatitis and granulomatous. Periodontitis lesions, like stomatitis lesions, were B cell and plasma cell rich, but otherwise differed from the stomatitis lesions. Direct immunofluorescence results did not support an autoantibody-mediated autoimmune disease process. This investigation contributes to the body of literature regarding leukocyte involvement in canine idiopathic inflammatory disease pathogenesis.
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Stein L, Bacmeister C, Ylaya K, Fetsch P, Wang Z, Hewitt SM, Kiupel M. Immunophenotypic Characterization of Canine Splenic Follicular-Derived B-Cell Lymphoma. Vet Pathol 2019; 56:350-357. [PMID: 30636524 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818823668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) belong to a subgroup of indolent B-cell lymphomas most commonly reported in the canine spleen. The goal of this study was to characterize the immunophenotype of splenic MZL and MCL in comparison to their human counterparts. Ten MCLs and 28 MZLs were selected based on morphology. A tissue microarray was generated, and expression of CD3, CD5, CD10, CD45, CD20, CD79a, Pax-5, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, cyclin D1, cyclin D3, MCL-1, MUM-1, and Sox-11 was evaluated. Neoplastic cells in all MCLs and MZLs were positive for CD5, CD20, CD45, CD79a, and BCL2 and negative for CD3, CD10, Bcl-6, cyclin D1, and cyclin D3. Positive labeling for Pax-5 was detected in 8 of 10 MCLs and 26 of 28 MZLs. Positive labeling for MUM-1 was detected in 3 of 10 MCLs, and 27 of 28 MZLs were positive for MUM-1. No MCLs but 8 of 24 MZLs were positive for MCL-1. Canine splenic MZL and MCL have a similar immunophenotype as their human counterparts. However, human splenic MCL overexpresses cyclin D1 due to a translocation. A similar genetic alteration has not been reported in dogs. In addition, in contrast to human MZL, canine splenic MZL generally expresses CD5. Following identification of B vs T cells with CD20 and CD3, a panel composed of BCL-2, Bcl-6, MUM-1, and MCL-1 combined with the histomorphological pattern can be used to accurately diagnose MZL and MCL in dogs. Expression of Bcl-2 and lack of MCL-1 expression in MCL may suggest a therapeutic benefit of BCL-2 inhibitors in canine MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Stein
- 1 Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Kris Ylaya
- 3 Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia Fetsch
- 3 Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zengfeng Wang
- 3 Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- 3 Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matti Kiupel
- 1 Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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26
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Takanosu M, Okada K, Kagawa Y. PCR-based clonality analysis of antigen receptor gene rearrangements in canine cutaneous plasmacytoma. Vet J 2018; 241:31-37. [PMID: 30340657 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytomas are discrete, B cell-derived, round cell tumours that sometimes are difficult to distinguish from canine cutaneous histiocytomas or T cell lymphosarcomas (lymphomas). Diagnosis of plasmacytomas relies on morphological observations and immunohistochemistry for multiple myeloma oncogene-1 (MUM-1) and cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3). Clonality testing often is used as an adjunct diagnostic tool to examine lymphoproliferative diseases. In this study, the sensitivity of PCR-based clonality analysis of antigen receptor gene rearrangements in canine cutaneous plasmacytomas was determined. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of 29 canine plasmacytomas, 23 diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) and 23 lymph nodes without lymphoma were used for clonality analysis. New oligonucleotide primers for the framework (FR)2 and FR3 regions of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) V gene subgroup 3 were designed and used with previously reported FR3 primers. Although plasma cells are of B cell lineage, the detected frequency of IGH clonality in plasmacytoma was 0-34.5% with the seven primers used, whereas in DLBCLs it was 8.7-78.3%. In 23 lymph nodes without lymphoma, IGH clonality was detected in only one case with two out of the seven primers used. Sequence analysis of PCR products from plasmacytomas revealed mismatches in the annealing region of the FR3 primers. The sensitivity of detecting IGH clonality in canine plasmacytomas was lower than in DLBCLs. The low detection rate of IGH clonality in canine plasmacytoma may be due to somatic hypermutation of the variable region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takanosu
- Nasunogahara Animal Clinic, 2-3574-98, Asaka, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-0043, Japan.
| | - K Okada
- North Lab, 2-8-35, Hondori, Shiroisi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 003-0027, Japan
| | - Y Kagawa
- North Lab, 2-8-35, Hondori, Shiroisi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 003-0027, Japan
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27
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Clancy CS, Van Wettere AJ, Hullinger GA. Intracranial, extraneural ectopic lymph node in a bovine (Bos taurus). Anat Histol Embryol 2018; 47:385-388. [PMID: 29797425 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The brain from a field necropsied 8-month-old feedlot heifer presenting with an acute history of depression, lethargy, dyspnoea and anorexia was evaluated grossly and by histopathology. The meninges overlying the left cerebral hemisphere contained a 12 × 26 × 32 mm, dark red, soft, ovoid mass. Histologic examination of this tissue revealed a well-organized lymph node with normal architecture. Organization of reactive lymphoid tissue resembling normal lymph node architecture may occur under chronic stimulation. However, there are no known aggregates of lymphoid tissue present within the cranial vault in any veterinary species. This is the first reported case of an intracranial ectopic lymph node in any species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad S Clancy
- Utah State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - Arnaud J Van Wettere
- Utah State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - Gordon A Hullinger
- Utah State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
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28
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Stilwell JM, Rissi DR. Immunohistochemical Labeling of Multiple Myeloma Oncogene 1/Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 (MUM1/IRF-4) in Canine Cutaneous Histiocytoma. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:517-520. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985818759770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma oncogene 1/interferon regulatory factor 4 (MUM1/IRF-4) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is mainly used for diagnostic confirmation of plasma cell tumors (PCTs) in dogs and cats. This article describes MUM1/IRF-4 IHC expression in 20 cases of canine cutaneous histiocytoma (CH) and compares it with 10 cutaneous or mucocutaneous PCTs and 5 cutaneous histiocytic sarcomas (HSs) submitted to the same IHC protocol. All histiocytomas had strong nuclear and variable cytoplasmic immunolabeling for MUM1/IRF-4, whereas all PCTs had strong nuclear and moderate cytoplasmic immunolabeling for MUM1/IRF-4. No MUM1/IRF-4 immunolabeling was detected in the HSs. Although not typically a diagnostic challenge, MUM1/IRF-4 expression may have to be used with caution or in conjunction with additional immunomarkers to differentiate among poorly differentiated round cell tumors, especially when a histiocytic or plasma cell origin is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Stilwell
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Daniel R. Rissi
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
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29
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Bally A, Acevedo KF, Pargass I, Gyan L, Rajh S, Suepaul R. A Multicentric T-Cell Lymphoma with a Plasmacytoid Morphology in a Dog. Vet Sci 2018; 5:vetsci5010010. [PMID: 29361706 PMCID: PMC5876584 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-year-old male (neutered) Labrador with a history of erythematous skin lesions and exercise intolerance for a prolonged period was suddenly found dead. Necropsy findings revealed an infiltrative, focally extensive mass which occupied 25% of the cardiac interventricular septum. Severe endocardiosis was also found on the bicuspid and tricuspid valves. The submandibular lymph nodes and kidneys were bilaterally enlarged, and the pre-hepatic lymph node and spleen were also enlarged. Multiple dermal pustules were present around the mouth and on the ear, and small ulcers were present on the tongue. Histopathological examination detected the presence of neoplastic lymphocytes with a plasmacytoid morphology in these tissues as well as in the tongue and skin lesions. Immunohistochemical (CD3+/CD18+) evaluation was consistent with a T-cell lymphoma, which could be classified as a peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Bally
- The School of Veterinary Medicine, University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Karelma Frontera Acevedo
- The School of Veterinary Medicine, University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Indira Pargass
- The School of Veterinary Medicine, University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Lana Gyan
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Fisheries, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Uriah Butler Highway, Mt Hope, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Stacy Rajh
- The School of Veterinary Medicine, University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Rod Suepaul
- The School of Veterinary Medicine, University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
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30
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Ehrensing G, Craig LE. Intravascular neoplastic cells in canine cutaneous plasmacytomas. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 30:329-332. [PMID: 29291682 DOI: 10.1177/1040638717752781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated 134 cutaneous plasmacytomas in 125 dogs submitted to the University of Tennessee surgical biopsy service between 2009 and 2012 to determine whether the presence of intravascular neoplastic cells had prognostic significance. Tumors occurred in middle-aged to geriatric dogs (range: 5-16 y, mean: 9.6 y) and most frequently involved the skin of the head and distal limbs. Diagnoses were made based on light microscopy, and in some cases confirmed by immunoreactivity of neoplastic cells for MUM1. Tumors were categorized as having or not having intravascular neoplastic cells within sections examined. The intravascular location of tumor cells was confirmed by immunoreactivity of endothelial cells for factor VIII-related antigen in 3 cases. Neoplastic cells within vessel lumens were identified in 20 of 125 dogs (16%). Submitting veterinary practices were contacted for follow-up data on patients including local recurrence and cutaneous plasmacytomas in other locations. Follow-up information was acquired on 99 dogs (79%). Recurrence was documented in one dog with cutaneous plasmacytomas; both masses had incomplete margins and intravascular neoplastic cells. Additional distant cutaneous plasmacytomas were later diagnosed in 3 patients; none of these dogs had intravascular neoplastic cells. In no cases were cutaneous plasmacytomas suspected to be a cause of death or reason for euthanasia. Intravascular neoplastic cells were more common in tumors of the distal limbs (36%) compared to other locations (11%; p = 0.0007). The presence of intravascular neoplastic cells did not affect prognosis in cutaneous plasmacytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Ehrensing
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI (Ehrensing).,Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (Craig)
| | - Linden E Craig
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI (Ehrensing).,Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (Craig)
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31
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Elmenhorst K, Tappin S, Nelissen P, Demetriou J. Tracheal plasmacytoma in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2017-000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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32
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Pargass I, Bally A, Suepaul R. Oral Plasmacytoma in a Dog. Vet Sci 2017; 4:E68. [PMID: 29240688 PMCID: PMC5753648 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci4040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 6-year-old male Pit bull mix dog presented for bleeding from the mouth persisting for five days. A clinical evaluation revealed a 2 × 3 cm soft tissue mandibular mass at the crown of the first premolar, as well as a non-regenerative anemia and hyperproteinemia. Cytologic and histopathologic evaluations of the mass were compatible with an oral plasmacytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Pargass
- The School of Veterinary Medicine, University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Alissa Bally
- The School of Veterinary Medicine, University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Rod Suepaul
- The School of Veterinary Medicine, University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago.
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33
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McHale B, Blas-Machado U, Oliveira FN, Rissi DR. A divergent pseudoglandular configuration of cutaneous plasmacytoma in dogs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 30:260-262. [PMID: 29153038 DOI: 10.1177/1040638717735868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous and mucocutaneous plasmacytoma (PCT) is a common neoplasm of dogs. Tumors can be single or multiple and occur predominantly in the oral cavity, lip, ears, digits, and trunk. Although these tumors typically offer no diagnostic challenge for the pathologist, subsets of PCTs with atypical morphologic configurations may make differentiation from other neoplasms difficult. We describe 6 cases of canine cutaneous and mucocutaneous PCT with pseudoglandular arrangement of neoplastic cells. The mean age of affected dogs was 11.3 y, and multiple breeds and sites were affected. Histologically, neoplastic cells were arranged in sheets, packets, and pseudoglandular structures containing central accumulations of blood or eosinophilic material admixed with neoplastic cells and hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Given the presence of pseudoglandular structures resembling neoplastic acini, epithelial neoplasia was occasionally included in the differential diagnosis. Neoplastic cells were strongly immunopositive for multiple myeloma oncogene 1 ( MUM-1) and immunonegative for pancytokeratin AE1/AE3. Canine cutaneous and mucocutaneous PCTs with pseudoglandular morphology may resemble epithelial neoplasia and raise questions about tumor histogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany McHale
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (McHale, Blas-Machado, Rissi), University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA.,Antech Diagnostics, College Station, TX (Oliveira)
| | - Uriel Blas-Machado
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (McHale, Blas-Machado, Rissi), University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA.,Antech Diagnostics, College Station, TX (Oliveira)
| | - Fabiano N Oliveira
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (McHale, Blas-Machado, Rissi), University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA.,Antech Diagnostics, College Station, TX (Oliveira)
| | - Daniel R Rissi
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (McHale, Blas-Machado, Rissi), University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA.,Antech Diagnostics, College Station, TX (Oliveira)
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34
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Lee AM, Guppy N, Bainbridge J, Jahns H. Multiple myeloma in an Amur tiger ( Panthera tigris altaica). Open Vet J 2017; 7:300-305. [PMID: 29138744 PMCID: PMC5681727 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v7i4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) is an endangered tiger subspecies. An adult zoo-bred female was found collapsed, and died despite supportive treatment. Hematology and biochemistry showed pancytopenia and hyperglobulinemia, and serum protein electrophoresis revealed a monoclonal band in the β-globulin region. Necropsy demonstrated hemoabdomen, multifocal lytic bone marrow lesions, splenomegaly, and hemorrhagic hepatic nodules, with left medial lobe rupture. There were mutifocal hemorrhages in the subcutis, lung, epicardium, and intestinal mucosa. Histopathology demonstrated plasmacytoid cells infiltrating the bone marrow, liver and spleen, and circulating within blood vessels. On immunohistochemistry, cell infiltrates of the three tissues were positive for λ light chains, bone marrow infiltrates were positive for MUM-1 and bone marrow and spleen infiltrates were positive for CD20. These findings indicate that this animal died of hemoabdomen subsequent to multiple myeloma. This is the first time this disease has been reported in a tiger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Lee
- Pathobiology Section, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Naomi Guppy
- UCL Advanced Diagnostics, Rockefeller Building, Bloomsbury, London, UK
| | | | - Hanne Jahns
- Pathobiology Section, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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35
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Atherton MJ, Vazquez-Sanmartin S, Sharpe S, Waugh EM, Morris JS. A metastatic secretory gastric plasmacytoma with aberrant CD3 expression in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2017; 46:520-525. [PMID: 28582596 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A 10-year-old crossbred dog was presented with a 6-week history of hematemesis, melena, anorexia, and lethargy. Clinical evaluation revealed a gastric mass with a regional lymphadenomegaly as well as a monoclonal gammopathy manifesting as hyperglobulinemia. Cytologic and histopathologic analyses were consistent with a round cell neoplasm; neoplastic cells showed nuclear immunoreactivity for MUM1 and diffuse cytoplasmic reactivity for CD3. Polymerase chain reactions performed on fixed and fresh tissue identified a clonal rearrangement with an IgH primer set. An extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) was confirmed by cellular morphology and molecular diagnostics. Following an objective response to chemotherapy, the dog was euthanized 8 months after diagnosis, and a postmortem examination confirmed the clinical findings. This is the first reported case of a monoclonal gammopathy secondary to a gastric EMP coupled with aberrant expression of CD3 in an aggressive plasmacytic tumor, and highlights the utility of molecular diagnostics for classifying atypical hemolymphoid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Atherton
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sam Sharpe
- Diagnostic Services Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Elspeth M Waugh
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Joanna S Morris
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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36
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Quiroz-Rocha GF, Deravi N, Knight B, Bienzle D. What is your diagnosis? A pigmented round cell tumor. Vet Clin Pathol 2017; 46:538-539. [PMID: 28543611 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo F Quiroz-Rocha
- Centro de Enseñanza, Investigación y Extensión en Producción Animal en Altiplano, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM, Tequisquiapan, México
| | - Nariman Deravi
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Britta Knight
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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37
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Le Boedec K, Phillips H, Zamprogno H, Joslyn S, O'Brien RT, Lezmi S. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 250:993-995. [PMID: 28414594 DOI: 10.2460/javma.250.9.993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Rout ED, Shank AMM, Waite AHK, Siegel A, Avery AC, Avery PR. Progression of cutaneous plasmacytoma to plasma cell leukemia in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2017; 46:77-84. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily D. Rout
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | | | - Angharad H. K. Waite
- The Oncology Service Dogwood Veterinary Emergency & Specialty Center Richmond VA USA
| | | | - Anne C. Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Paul R. Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
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39
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Uhde AK, Lehmbecker A, Baumgärtner W, Spitzbarth I. Evaluation of a panel of antibodies for the immunohistochemical identification of immune cells in paraffin-embedded lymphoid tissues of new- and old-world camelids. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 184:42-53. [PMID: 28166931 PMCID: PMC7111308 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Different species of camelids play
an important role in the epidemiology of various emerging infectious
diseases such as Middle East respiratory syndrome. For precise
investigations of the immunopathogenesis in these host species,
appropriate immunohistochemical markers are highly needed in order to
phenotype distinct immune cells populations in camelids. So far, specific
immunohistochemical markers for camelid immune cells are rarely
commercially available, and cross-reactivity studies are restricted to
the use of frozen dromedary tissues. To bridge this gap, 14 commercially
available primary antibodies were tested for their suitability to
demonstrate immune cell populations on formalin fixed paraffin-embedded
(FFPE) tissue sections of dromedaries, Bactrian camels, llamas, and
alpacas in the present study. Out of these, 9 antibodies directed against
CD3, CD20, CD79α, HLA-DR, Iba-1, myeloid/histiocyte antigen, CD204,
CD208, and CD68 antigen exhibited distinct immunoreaction patterns to
certain camelid immune cell subsets. The distribution of these antigens
was comparatively evaluated in different anatomical compartments of
thymus, spleen, mesenteric, and tracheobronchial lymph nodes. The
presented results will provide a basis for further investigations in
camelids, especially with respect to the role of the immune response in
certain infectious diseases, which harbor a considerable risk to spill
over to other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Uhde
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika Lehmbecker
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ingo Spitzbarth
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
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40
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Childress MO, Ramos-Vara JA, Ruple A. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of prednisone omission from a multidrug chemotherapy protocol on treatment outcome in dogs with peripheral nodal lymphomas. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 249:1067-1078. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.249.9.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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Caporali C, Albanese F, Binanti D, Abramo F. Two cases of feline paraneoplastic alopecia associated with a neuroendocrine pancreatic neoplasia and a hepatosplenic plasma cell tumour. Vet Dermatol 2016; 27:508-e137. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Caporali
- Private Practitioner; via Giovanni da Verrazzano, 19 52100 Arezzo Italy
| | - Francesco Albanese
- Private Veterinary Laboratory “LaVallonea”; via G. Verdi, 39 73031 Alessano (Le) Italy
| | - Diana Binanti
- AbLab, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory; via privata Massa Neri, 13 19038 Sarzana (La Spezia) Italy
| | - Francesca Abramo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Pisa; viale delle Piagge, 2 56124 Pisa Italy
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42
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Parzefall B, De Decker S, Carvalho S, Terry R, Leach J, Smith KC, Lara-Garcia A. Axial Multicentric Osteosarcoma in an English Cocker Spaniel. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1720-1725. [PMID: 27519845 PMCID: PMC5032862 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Parzefall
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK
| | - S De Decker
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK
| | - S Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK
| | - R Terry
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK
| | - J Leach
- Veterinary Diagnostic Services, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - K C Smith
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK
| | - A Lara-Garcia
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK.
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43
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Gorenstein T, Jark P, Feliciano M, Sueiro F, Anai L, Fenerich M, Senhorello I, Rodrigues B, Tinucci-Costa M. Plasmocitoma extramedular em bulbo peniano de cão: relato de caso. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-8411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo deste relato de caso é descrever a ocorrência de plasmocitoma em bulbo peniano de um cão, classificado como uma doença extramedular não cutânea de localização rara e casuística inédita. Um cão, sem raça definida, com sete anos de idade e pesando 15kg, não castrado, apresentou histórico clínico de anorexia, vômitos, anúria e constipação. Ao exame específico da genitália externa, foi encontrada uma massa em bulbo peniano durante a inspeção do prepúcio, aderida à pele e encapsulada, extremamente firme e arredondada, medindo cerca de 6cm de diâmetro. Por meio da ultrassonografia dessa estrutura, foi observado aumento do volume regional com ecotextura heterogênea e ecogenicidade mista, além de neovascularização tecidual ao Doppler colorido. Foi realizada biópsia da massa, sendo verificada a presença de neoplasia de células redondas. A caracterização do tumor foi realizada pela imuno-histoquímica, e as células neoplásicas foram imunoexpressas para CD79a e MUM1, indicando o diagnóstico de plasmocitoma extramedular. Embora os tumores penianos em cães sejam os predominantemente venéreos transmissíveis (TVT), e os plasmocitomas sejam neoplasias raras nessa localização, este relato de caso fornece com ineditismo a ocorrência de plasmocitoma extramedular em bulbo peniano de cão, condição ainda não descrita em veterinária.
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44
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Intracerebral Malignant Plasmacytoma in a Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus). J Comp Pathol 2016; 154:268-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Advanced Diagnostic Techniques. CANINE AND FELINE CYTOLOGY 2016. [PMCID: PMC7158337 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4557-4083-3.00017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
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46
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Custead MR, An R, Turek JJ, Moore GE, Nolte DD, Childress MO. Predictive value of ex vivo biodynamic imaging in determining response to chemotherapy in dogs with spontaneous non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: a preliminary study. CONVERGENT SCIENCE PHYSICAL ONCOLOGY 2015; 1. [PMID: 27280042 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1739/1/1/015003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Biodynamic imaging (BDI) is a novel phenotypic cancer profiling technology which optically characterizes changes in subcellular motion within living tumor tissue samples in response to ex vivo treatment with cancer chemotherapy drugs. The purpose of this preliminary study was to assess the ability of ex vivo BDI to predict in vivo clinical response to chemotherapy in ten dogs with naturally-occurring non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Pre-treatment tumor biopsy samples were obtained from all dogs and treated ex vivo with doxorubicin (10 μM). BDI measured six dynamic biomarkers of subcellular motion from all biopsy samples at baseline and at regular intervals for 9 h following drug application. All dogs subsequently received doxorubicin to treat their lymphomas. Best overall response to and progression-free survival time following chemotherapy were recorded for all dogs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine accuracy and identify possible cut-off values for the BDI-measured biomarkers which could accurately predict those dogs' cancers that would and would not respond to doxorubicin chemotherapy. One biomarker (designated 'MEM') showed 100% discriminative capability for predicting clinical response to doxorubicin (area under the ROC curve = 1.00, 95% CI 0.692-1.000), while other biomarkers also showed promising predictive capability. These preliminary findings suggest that ex vivo BDI can accurately predict treatment outcome following doxorubicin chemotherapy in a spontaneous animal cancer model, and is worthy of further investigation as a technology for personalized cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Custead
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026, USA
| | - R An
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2036, USA
| | - J J Turek
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026, USA
| | - G E Moore
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026, USA
| | - D D Nolte
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2036, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026, USA
| | - M O Childress
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026, USA
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47
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Wang WH, Childress MO, Geahlen RL. Syk interacts with and phosphorylates nucleolin to stabilize Bcl-x(L) mRNA and promote cell survival. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3788-99. [PMID: 25092868 PMCID: PMC4187708 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00937-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Syk protein tyrosine kinase, a well-characterized regulator of immune cell function, plays an increasingly recognized role in tumorigenesis as a promoter of cell survival in both hematological and nonhematological malignancies. We show here that the expression of Syk in MCF7 or MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells or in DG75 B-lymphoma cells protects cells from apoptosis induced by oxidative or genotoxic stress by stabilizing the mRNA for Bcl-x(L), an antiapoptotic protein. Syk binds robustly to nucleolin and phosphorylates it on tyrosine, enhancing its ability to bind the Bcl-x(L) mRNA. Consequently, reducing the level of nucleolin by RNA interference attenuates the ability of Syk to protect cells from stress-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Horng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael O Childress
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert L Geahlen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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48
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Williams JH, van Niekerk S, Human S, van Wilpe E, Venter M. Pathology of fatal lineage 1 and 2 West Nile virus infections in horses in South Africa. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2014; 85:1105. [PMID: 25686260 DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v85i1.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2007, West Nile virus (WNV) has been reported in South African horses, causing severe neurological signs. All cases were of lineage 2, except for one case that clustered with lineage 1 viruses. In the present study, gross and microscopic lesions of six South African lineage 2-infected horses and the one lineage 1 case are described. Diagnoses were confirmed by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of central nervous system (CNS) tissue and one by RT-PCR of a brain virus isolate. The CNS of all cases was negative by RT-PCR or immunohistochemistry (IHC) for African horse sickness (AHS), equine encephalosis virus, equine herpes viruses 1 and 4, other zoonotic flaviviruses, alphaviruses, and shunivirus, and either by immunofluorescence or IHC for rabies. Gross visceral lesions were nonspecific but often mimicked those of AHS. The CNS histopathology of WNV lineage 2 cases resembled the nonsuppurative polioencephalomyelitis reported in the Northern Hemisphere lineage 1 and recent Hungarian lineage 2 cases. Occasional meningitis, focal spinal ventral horn poliomalacia, dorsal and lateral horn poliomyelitis, leucomyelitis, asymmetrical ventral motor spinal neuritis and frequent olfactory region involvement were also seen. Lineage 2 cases displayed marked variations in CNS lesion severity, type and distribution, and suggested various viral entry routes into the CNS, based on findings in experimental mice and hamsters. Lineage 1 lesions were comparable to the milder lineage 2 cases. West Nile virus IHC on CNS sections with marked lesions from all cases elicited only two antigen-positive cells in the olfactory cortex of one case. The presence in the CNS of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophage-monocytes was confirmed by cluster of differentiation (CD) 3, CD20, multiple myeloma oncogene 1 (MUM1) and macrophage (MAC) 387 IHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- June H Williams
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
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Ramos-Vara JA, Miller MA. When tissue antigens and antibodies get along: revisiting the technical aspects of immunohistochemistry--the red, brown, and blue technique. Vet Pathol 2013; 51:42-87. [PMID: 24129895 DOI: 10.1177/0300985813505879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Once focused mainly on the characterization of neoplasms, immunohistochemistry (IHC) today is used in the investigation of a broad range of disease processes with applications in diagnosis, prognostication, therapeutic decisions to tailor treatment to an individual patient, and investigations into the pathogenesis of disease. This review addresses the technical aspects of immunohistochemistry (and, to a lesser extent, immunocytochemistry) with attention to the antigen-antibody reaction, optimal fixation techniques, tissue processing considerations, antigen retrieval methods, detection systems, selection and use of an autostainer, standardization and validation of IHC tests, preparation of proper tissue and reagent controls, tissue microarrays and other high-throughput systems, quality assurance/quality control measures, interpretation of the IHC reaction, and reporting of results. It is now more important than ever, with these sophisticated applications, to standardize the entire IHC process from tissue collection through interpretation and reporting to minimize variability among laboratories and to facilitate quantification and interlaboratory comparison of IHC results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Ramos-Vara
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, 406 South University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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