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Moussa AY, Luo J, Xu B. Insights into Chemical Diversity and Potential Health-Promoting Effects of Ferns. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2668. [PMID: 39339643 PMCID: PMC11434777 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
The scientific community is focusing on how to enhance human health and immunity through functional foods, and dietary supplements are proven to have a positive as well as a protective effect against infectious and chronic diseases. Ferns act as a taxonomical linkage between higher and lower plants and are endowed with a wide chemical diversity not subjected to sufficient scrutinization before. Even though a wealth of traditional medicinal fern uses were recorded in Chinese medicine, robust phytochemical and biological investigations of these plants are lacking. Herein, an extensive search was conducted using the keywords ferns and compounds, ferns and NMR, ferns and toxicity, and the terms ferns and chemistry, lignans, Polypodiaceae, NMR, isolation, bioactive compounds, terpenes, phenolics, phloroglucinols, monoterpenes, alkaloids, phenolics, and fatty acids were utilized with the Boolean operators AND, OR, and NOT. Databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Reaxys were utilized to reveal a wealth of information regarding fern chemistry and their health-promoting effects. Terpenes followed by phenolics represented the largest number of isolated active compounds. Regarding the neuroprotective effects, Psilotium, Polypodium, and Dryopteris species possessed as their major phenolics component unique chemical moieties including catechins, procyanidins, and bioflavonoids. In this updated chemical review, the pharmacological and chemical aspects of ferns are compiled manifesting their chemical diversity in the last seven years (2017-2024) together with a special focus on their nutritive and potential health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashaimaa Y Moussa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Jinhai Luo
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, 2000 Jintong Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, 2000 Jintong Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai 519087, China
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2
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Garcia-Mouronte E, Pérez-González LA, Naharro-Rodriguez J, Fernández Guarino M. Understanding Active Photoprotection: DNA-Repair Enzymes and Antioxidants. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:822. [PMID: 39063576 PMCID: PMC11277730 DOI: 10.3390/life14070822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The detrimental effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on human skin are well-documented, encompassing DNA damage, oxidative stress, and an increased risk of carcinogenesis. Conventional photoprotective measures predominantly rely on filters, which scatter or absorb UV radiation, yet fail to address the cellular damage incurred post-exposure. To fill this gap, antioxidant molecules and DNA-repair enzymes have been extensively researched, offering a paradigm shift towards active photoprotection capable of both preventing and reversing UV-induced damage. In the current review, we focused on "active photoprotection", assessing the state-of-the-art, latest advancements and scientific data from clinical trials and in vivo models concerning the use of DNA-repair enzymes and naturally occurring antioxidant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Garcia-Mouronte
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Carretera M-607 km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.A.P.-G.); (M.F.G.)
| | | | - Jorge Naharro-Rodriguez
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Carretera M-607 km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.A.P.-G.); (M.F.G.)
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3
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Salazar-Chacón Y, Gutierrez-Bolaños MJ, Padilla-Cordero J, Vidaurre-Rodriguez C, Carvajal-Miranda Y, Rojas-Alvarado A, Rodríguez-Rodríguez JA, Rodríguez-Rodríguez G, Álvarez-Valverde V, Jiménez-Bonilla P. Exploration of photoprotective and antibiotic activity of wild Polypodiaceae ferns from Costa Rica. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1602. [PMID: 38238355 PMCID: PMC10796928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin disorders affect millions of people all over the world. There are limited options to treat dermal illnesses such as vitiligo, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis (eczema). Central American ferns are a potential source of bioactive metabolites against those diseases. Currently, Polypodium leucotomos Poir. is the only one being commercially utilized for this purpose. In this work, we evaluated the concentration of the skin bioactive compounds: quinic and chlorogenic acid, in the extract of 20 wild ferns from Costa Rica. We also evaluated the antimicrobial capabilities of the crude extracts of wild ferns and the sun protection factor (SPF) of the extracts. We found 19 out of 20 have either an important concentration of the compounds mentioned above or antimicrobial properties. Also, most samples result in higher SPF than P. aureum's rhizome. We also have studied the fern acclimatization, at different shading conditions, finding a significant influence of the culturing conditions on metabolite production. After acclimatization. So far, we demonstrate that various ferns included in this study are a potential source of treatments for skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaclyn Salazar-Chacón
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica (LAFIT), Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional (UNA), Campus Omar Dengo, Heredia, 83-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Maria José Gutierrez-Bolaños
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica (LAFIT), Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional (UNA), Campus Omar Dengo, Heredia, 83-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Jimena Padilla-Cordero
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica (LAFIT), Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional (UNA), Campus Omar Dengo, Heredia, 83-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Camilo Vidaurre-Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica (LAFIT), Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional (UNA), Campus Omar Dengo, Heredia, 83-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Yendry Carvajal-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica (LAFIT), Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional (UNA), Campus Omar Dengo, Heredia, 83-3000, Costa Rica
- Agricultural Chemistry Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Jorengeth Abad Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana (LABIMI), Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional (UNA), Campus Omar Dengo, Heredia, 83-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Gerardo Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica (LAFIT), Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional (UNA), Campus Omar Dengo, Heredia, 83-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Víctor Álvarez-Valverde
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica (LAFIT), Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional (UNA), Campus Omar Dengo, Heredia, 83-3000, Costa Rica.
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional (UNA), New Industrial Processes Bldg, Omar Dengo Campus, Heredia, 40101, Costa Rica.
| | - Pablo Jiménez-Bonilla
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica (LAFIT), Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional (UNA), Campus Omar Dengo, Heredia, 83-3000, Costa Rica.
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales y Ensayos Biológicos (LAPRONEB), Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional (UNA), Campus Omar Dengo, Heredia, 83-3000, Costa Rica.
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional (UNA), New Industrial Processes Bldg, Omar Dengo Campus, Heredia, 40101, Costa Rica.
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Rodríguez-Luna A, Zamarrón A, Juarranz Á, González S. Clinical Applications of Polypodium leucotomos (Fernblock ®): An Update. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1513. [PMID: 37511888 PMCID: PMC10381169 DOI: 10.3390/life13071513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to sun radiation leads to higher risk of sunburn, pigmentation, immunosuppression, photoaging and skin cancer. In addition to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), recent research indicates that infrared radiation (IR) and visible light (VIS) can play an important role in the pathogenesis of some of these processes. Detrimental effects associated with sun exposure are well known, but new studies have shown that DNA damage continues to occur long after exposure to solar radiation has ended. Regarding photoprotection strategies, natural substances are emerging for topical and oral photoprotection. In this sense, Fernblock®, a standardized aqueous extract of the fern Polypodium Leucotomos (PLE), has been widely administered both topically and orally with a strong safety profile. Thus, this extract has been used extensively in clinical practice, including as a complement to photodynamic therapy (PDT) for treating actinic keratoses (AKs) and field cancerization. It has also been used to treat skin diseases such as photodermatoses, photoaggravated inflammatory conditions and pigmentary disorders. This review examines the most recent developments in the clinical application of Fernblock® and assesses how newly investigated action mechanisms may influence its clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azahara Rodríguez-Luna
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28933 Alcorcón, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Alicia Zamarrón
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autónoma University of Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Juarranz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autónoma University of Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador González
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Alcalá de Henares University, 28805 Madrid, Spain
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Lacerda PA, Oenning LC, Bellato GC, Lopes-Santos L, Antunes NDJ, Mariz BALA, Teixeira G, Vasconcelos R, Simões GF, de Souza IA, Pinto CAL, Salo T, Coletta RD, Augusto TM, de Oliveira CE, Cervigne NK. Polypodium leucotomos targets multiple aspects of oral carcinogenesis and it is a potential antitumor phytotherapy against tongue cancer growth. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1098374. [PMID: 36686704 PMCID: PMC9849903 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1098374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Oral cancer refers to malignant tumors, of which 90% are squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). These malignancies exhibit rapid progression, poor prognosis, and often mutilating therapeutical approaches. The determination of a prophylactic and/or therapeutic antitumor role of the polyphenolic extract Polypodium leucotomos(PL) would be relevant in developing new tools for prevention and treatment. Methods: We aimed to determine the antitumor effect of PL by treating OSCC cell lines with PL metabolites and evaluating its action during OSCC progression in vivo. Results: PL treatment successfully impaired cell cycling and proliferation, migration, and invasion, enhanced apoptosis, and modulated macrophage polarization associated with the tumoral immune-inflammatory response of tongue cancer cell lines (TSCC). PL treatment significantly decreased the expression of MMP1 (p < 0.01) and MMP2 (p < 0.001), and increased the expression of TIMP1 (p < 0.001) and TIMP2 (p < 0.0001) in these cells. The mesenchymal-epithelial transition phenotype was promoted in cells treated with PL, through upregulation of E-CAD (p < 0.001) and reduction of N-CAD (p < 0.05). PL restrained OSCC progression in vivo by inhibiting tumor volume growth and decreasing the number of severe dysplasia lesions and squamous cell carcinomas. Ki-67 was significantly higher expressed in tongue tissues of animals not treated with PL(p < 0.05), and a notable reduction in Bcl2 (p < 0.05) and Pcna (p < 0.05) cell proliferation-associated genes was found in dysplastic lesions and TSCCs of PL-treated mice. Finally, N-cad(Cdh2), Vim, and Twist were significantly reduced in tongue tissues treated with PL. Conclusion: PL significantly decreased OSCC carcinogenic processes in vitro and inhibited tumor progression in vivo. PL also appears to contribute to the modulation of immune-inflammatory oral tumor-associated responses. Taken together, these results suggest that PL plays an important antitumor role in processes associated with oral carcinogenesis and may be a potential phytotherapeutic target for the prevention and/or adjuvant treatment of TSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pammela A. Lacerda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cell Culture (LBMCC), Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), Jundiaí, Brazil
| | - Luan C. Oenning
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cell Culture (LBMCC), Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), Jundiaí, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Cuoghi Bellato
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cell Culture (LBMCC), Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), Jundiaí, Brazil
| | - Lucilene Lopes-Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cell Culture (LBMCC), Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), Jundiaí, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriela Teixeira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cell Culture (LBMCC), Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), Jundiaí, Brazil
| | - Rafael Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cell Culture (LBMCC), Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), Jundiaí, Brazil
| | | | - Ivani Aparecida de Souza
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), São Paulo, Brazil,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clóvis Antônio Lopes Pinto
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ricardo D. Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil,Graduate Program in Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Taize M. Augusto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cell Culture (LBMCC), Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), Jundiaí, Brazil,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carine Ervolino de Oliveira
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas, Brazil,Graduate Program in Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Nilva K. Cervigne
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cell Culture (LBMCC), Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), Jundiaí, Brazil,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Nilva K. Cervigne,
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6
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Cruz RYMS, Arévalo SV, Rashid A, Jara MRA, Prado MSA. Antioxidant and photoprotective potential of Polypodium leucotomos. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2022.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Polypodium leucotomos has emerged with a great interest for having medicinal and therapeutic potential. It is producing very promising results due to the presence of antioxidant and photoprotective properties. Electronic libraries and databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science were searched to identify relevant studies; 79 publications contributed to this review regarding Polypodium leucotomos botanical aspects, chemical composition, antioxidant and photoprotective activity. It is used in complementary and alternative therapies with various pharmaceutical dosage forms (systemic or topical). Thanks to the composition of phytochemical constituents present in the leaves and rhizomes which confer antioxidant and photoprotective activity that has clinical therapeutic potential to be used as systemic and topical sunscreen of natural origin for the prevention of different types of skin diseases caused by harmful ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B radiations. However, more studies are needed in the future to test the ability and enhance the capacity of sunscreen and sunblock in cosmetic formulations. To conclude, it is recommended to carry out scientific studies based on different analytical methods to evaluate the phytoconstituents potential and to develop stable pharmaceutical formulations according to the skin phototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosy Yesela Mancilla Santa Cruz
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; Professional School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of San Cristóbal of Huamanga, Ayacucho 05001, Peru
| | - Sharon Velásquez Arévalo
- Department of Pharmacotechnics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, National University of Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru
| | - Anas Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Marco Rolando Aronés Jara
- Professional School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of San Cristóbal of Huamanga, Ayacucho 05001, Peru
| | - María Segunda Aurora Prado
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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Bandyopadhyay A, Dey A. Medicinal pteridophytes: ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, and clinical attributes. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Almost from the very beginning of human existence, man has been interacting with plants. Throughout human history, plants have provided humans with basic needs such as sustenance, firewood, livestock feed, and wood. The world has approximately 3 million vascular plants. The treatment of primary health problems is provided primarily by traditional medicines by around 80% of the world's population. Compared to other vascular plants, pteridophytes remain underexplored in ethnobotanical aspects, despite being regarded as a valuable component of healthcare for centuries. As an alternative medicine, pteridophytes are being investigated for their pharmacological activity. Almost 2000 years ago, humans were exploring and using plant species from this lineage because of its beneficial properties since pteridophytes were the first vascular plants.
Main body of the abstract
All popular search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus were searched to retrieve the relevant literature using various search strings relevant to the topic. Pteridophytes belonging to thirty different families have been documented as medicinal plants. For instance, Selaginella sp. has been demonstrated to have numerous therapeutic properties, including antioxidative, inflammation-reducing, anti-carcinogenic, diabetes-fighting, virucidal, antibacterial, and anti-senile dementia effects. In addition, clinical trials and studies performed on pteridophytes and derived compounds are also discussed in details.
Short conclusion
This review offers a compilation of therapeutically valuable pteridophytes utilized by local ethnic groups, as well as the public.
Graphical Abstract
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Shinya K, Nishimura Y, Ryu K, Sambe T, Fujishiro M, Nakauchi A, Kashiwabuchi Y, Iwase M, Chokki H, Kurata N, Matsuyama T, Kiuchi Y. Short-term administration of Polypodium leucotomos extract does not inhibit CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of midazolam in healthy subjects: an open-label, two-period, fixed-sequence study. Int J Dermatol 2022; 62:694-699. [PMID: 35751767 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The extract of Polypodium leucotomos is used as a dietary supplement for its ultraviolet radiation-protective properties. Polypodium leucotomos extract reportedly inhibits CYP3A, which is important for drug metabolism in vitro in human microsomes and in vivo in rats. In this study, we explored the inhibitory effect of the P. leucotomos extract on CYP3A4-mediated midazolam metabolism in humans. This open-label, two-period, fixed-sequence study was performed on six healthy, Japanese, male volunteers. During period 1 (control), midazolam (1 mg) was orally administered. After a wash-out period of at least 5 days, period 2 was initiated. Subjects ingested P. leucotomos extract (240 mg) once in the morning and once at noon on the day before midazolam administration, and once the next morning (thrice overall). Midazolam was administered as in period 1. Blood samples were regularly collected for 8 hours after drug administration, and serum midazolam concentration was determined by ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The pharmacokinetic parameters of midazolam were calculated and compared between the two periods. The area under the concentration-time curve was 19.18 ± 3.65 ng h/ml, maximum serum concentration was 7.81 ± 1.25 ng/ml, and half-life was 2.32 ± 0.35 hours during period 2. These parameters did not differ from those recorded in period 1 (area under the concentration-time curve: 18.74 ± 2.97 ng h/ml, maximum serum concentration: 8.78 ± 1.67 ng/ml, half-life: 2.52 ± 0.52 h). Therefore, short-term oral administration of P. leucotomos extract did not cause food-drug interactions mediated by CYP3A4 inhibition in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Shinya
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kakei Ryu
- Showa University Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Sambe
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Fujishiro
- Department of Legal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nakauchi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Numazu Human Care, Tohto University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yumika Kashiwabuchi
- Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Iwase
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Chokki
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Kurata
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Matsuyama
- Department of Legal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Kiuchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Dietary Supplements and the Skin: Focus on Photoprotection and Antioxidant Activity—A Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061248. [PMID: 35334905 PMCID: PMC8953599 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin health is not only significantly affected by ageing, but also by other lifestyle-related factors, such as sun exposure, exercise and eating habits, smoking or alcohol intake. It is known that the cutaneous tissue can exhibit visible signs of senescence, in the form of, for example, dull complexion, loss of firmness, or changes in pigmentation. Consumers attempt to improve skin health and appearance not only by cosmetic products, but also with the consumption of food supplements. Recently, there has been an increase in the amount of food supplements with claims that are related to skin and hair health. Nevertheless, the literature is still scarce in evidence of the efficacy of this type of products. Considering this scenario, we aim in this review to assemble studies and methodologies that are directed at the substantiation of the cutaneous health claims of food supplements. For example, we reviewed those that were indicative of antioxidant properties, improvement in pigmentation disorders, increased hydration or protection against the damages caused by ultraviolet radiation.
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Farràs A, Mitjans M, Maggi F, Caprioli G, Vinardell MP, López V. Polypodium vulgare L. ( Polypodiaceae) as a Source of Bioactive Compounds: Polyphenolic Profile, Cytotoxicity and Cytoprotective Properties in Different Cell Lines. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:727528. [PMID: 34603041 PMCID: PMC8482143 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.727528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pteridophytes, represented by ferns and allies, are an important phytogenetic bridge between lower and higher plants. Ferns have evolved independently of any other species in the plant kingdom being its secondary metabolism a reservoir of phytochemicals characteristic of this taxon. The study of the potential uses of Polypodium vulgare L. (Polypodiaceae) as medicinal plant has increased in recent years particularly when in 2008 the European Medicines Agency published a monograph about the rhizome of this species. Our objective is to provide scientific knowledge on the polar constituents extracted from the fronds of P. vulgare, one of the main ferns of European distribution, to contribute to the validation of certain traditional uses. Specifically, we have characterized the methanolic extract of P. vulgare fronds (PVM) by HPLC-DAD and investigated its potential cytotoxicity, phototoxicity, ROS production and protective effects against oxidative stress by using in vitro methods. The 3T3, HaCaT, HeLa, HepG2, MCF-7 and A549 were the cell lines used to evaluate the possible cytotoxic behaviour of the PVM. HPLC-DAD was utilized to validate the polyphenolic profile of the extract. H2O2 and UVA were the prooxidant agents to induce oxidative stress by different conditions in 3T3 and HaCaT cell lines. Antioxidant activity of in vitro PVM in 3T3 and HaCaT cell lines was evaluated by ROS assay. Our results demonstrate that PVM contains significant amounts of shikimic acid together with caffeoylquinic acid derivatives and flavonoids such as epicatechin and catechin; PVM is not cytotoxic at physiological concentrations against the different cell lines, showing cytoprotective and cellular repair activity in 3T3 fibroblast cells. This biological activity could be attributed to the high content of polyphenolic compounds. The fronds of the P. vulgare are a source of polyphenolic compounds, which can be responsible for certain traditional uses like wound healing properties. In the present work, fronds of the common polypody are positioned as a candidate for pharmaceutical applications based on traditional medicine uses but also as potential food ingredients due to lack of toxicity at physiological concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Farràs
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Montserrat Mitjans
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, Università di Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - María Pilar Vinardell
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor López
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Pourang A, Dourra M, Ezekwe N, Kohli I, Hamzavi I, Lim HW. The potential effect of Polypodium leucotomos extract on ultraviolet- and visible light-induced photoaging. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1229-1238. [PMID: 34449075 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Photoaging induced by both ultraviolet and visible light has been shown to lead to increased inflammation and dysregulation of the extracellular matrix. Standardized extract of the Polypodium leucotomos fern, PLE, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and has been shown to potentially mitigate photoaging through various mechanisms. This comprehensive review presents the data available on the effects of P. leucotomos extract on UV and VL-induced photoaging in vitro as well as in vivo in murine and human models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aunna Pourang
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, 3031 W. Grand Blvd, Suite 800, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Mohsen Dourra
- College of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Nneamaka Ezekwe
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, 3031 W. Grand Blvd, Suite 800, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Indermeet Kohli
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, 3031 W. Grand Blvd, Suite 800, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Iltefat Hamzavi
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, 3031 W. Grand Blvd, Suite 800, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Henry W Lim
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, 3031 W. Grand Blvd, Suite 800, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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12
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Aguilera J, Vicente-Manzanares M, de Gálvez MV, Herrera-Ceballos E, Rodríguez-Luna A, González S. Booster Effect of a Natural Extract of Polypodium leucotomos (Fernblock®) That Improves the UV Barrier Function and Immune Protection Capability of Sunscreen Formulations. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:684665. [PMID: 34150816 PMCID: PMC8206277 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.684665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Novel approaches to photoprotection must go beyond classical MED measurements, as discoveries on the effect of UV radiation on skin paints a more complex and multi-pronged scenario with multitude of skin cell types involved. Of these, photoimmunoprotection emerges as a crucial factor that protects against skin cancer and photoaging. A novel immune parameter is enabled by the precise knowledge of the wavelength and dose of solar radiation that induces photoimmunosupression. Natural substances, that can play different roles in photoprotection as antioxidant, immune regulation, and DNA protection as well as its possible ability as sunscreen are the new goals in cosmetic industry. Objective: To analyze the effect of a specific natural extract from Polypodium leucotomos (PLE, Fernblock®), as part of topical sunscreen formulations to protect from photoimmunosuppression, as well as other deleterious biological effects of UV radiation. Methods: The possible sunscreen effect of PLE was analyzed by including 1% (w/w) PLE in four different galenic formulations containing different combinations of UVB and UVA organic and mineral filters. In vitro sun protection factor (SPF), UVA protection factor (UVA-PF), contact hypersensitivity factor (CHS), and human immunoprotection factor (HIF) were estimated following the same protocol as ISO 24443:2012 for in vitro UVA-PF determination. Results: PLE-containing formulations significantly reduced UV radiation reaching to skin. Combination of UVB and UVA filters with PLE increased SPF and UVAPF significantly. PLE also increased UV immune protection, by elevating the contact hypersensitivity factor and the human immunoprotective factor of the sunscreen formulations. Conclusion: This study confirms the double role of PLE in photoprotection. Together to the biological activity shown in previous works, the UV absorption properties of PLE confers a booster effect when it is supplemented in topical sunscreens increasing the protection not only at level of erythema and permanent pigment darkening but also against two photoimmunoprotection factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Aguilera
- Photobiological Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Victoria de Gálvez
- Photobiological Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Enrique Herrera-Ceballos
- Photobiological Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Dermatology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Salvador González
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Alcalá de Henares University, Madrid, Spain
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Portillo M, Mataix M, Alonso-Juarranz M, Lorrio S, Villalba M, Rodríguez-Luna A, González S. The Aqueous Extract of Polypodium leucotomos (Fernblock ®) Regulates Opsin 3 and Prevents Photooxidation of Melanin Precursors on Skin Cells Exposed to Blue Light Emitted from Digital Devices. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030400. [PMID: 33800784 PMCID: PMC7998284 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of sun exposure on the skin and specifically those related to pigmentation disorders are well known. It has recently been shown that blue light leads to the induction of oxidative stress and long-lasting pigmentation. The protective effect of an aqueous extract of Polypodium leucotomos (Fernblock®) is known. Our aim was to investigate the action mechanism of Fernblock® against pigmentation induced by blue light from digital devices. Human fibroblasts (HDF) and murine melanocytes (B16-F10) were exposed to artificial blue light (a 400–500 nm LED lamp). Cell viability, mitochondrial morphology, and the expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38, known markers involved in the melanogenesis pathway, were evaluated. The activation of Opsin-3, a membrane protein sensitive to blue light that triggers the activation of the enzyme tyrosinase responsible for melanogenesis in melanocytes, was also analyzed. Our results demonstrated that pretreatment with Fernblock® prevents cell death, alteration of mitochondrial morphology, and phosphorylation of p38 in HDF exposed to blue light. In addition, Fernblock® significantly reduced the activation of Opsin-3 in melanocytes and the photo-oxidation of melanin, preventing its photodegradation. In sum, Fernblock® exerts beneficial effects against the detrimental impact of blue light from digital devices and could prevent early photoaging, while maintaining skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Portillo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autónoma University of Madrid (UAM), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.); (M.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Manuel Mataix
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autónoma University of Madrid (UAM), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.); (M.M.); (S.L.)
| | | | - Silvia Lorrio
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autónoma University of Madrid (UAM), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.); (M.M.); (S.L.)
| | - María Villalba
- Medical Affairs Department, Cantabria Labs, 28043 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Azahara Rodríguez-Luna
- Innovation and Development, Cantabria Labs, 28043 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.R.-L.); (S.G.)
| | - Salvador González
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Alcalá de Henares University, 28805 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.R.-L.); (S.G.)
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14
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15
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Parrado C, Nicolas J, Juarranz A, Gonzalez S. The role of the aqueous extract Polypodium leucotomos in photoprotection. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:831-843. [PMID: 33856681 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00124d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solar radiation in the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), and infrared (IR) ranges produces different biological effects in humans. Most of these, particularly those derived from ultraviolet radiation (UVR) are harmful to the skin, and include cutaneous aging and increased risk of cutaneous diseases, particularly skin cancer. Pharmacological photoprotection is mostly topical, but it can also be systemic. Oral photoprotectives constitute a new generation of drugs to combat the deleterious effects of solar radiation. Among these, an extract of Polypodium leucotomos (PL/Fernblock®, IFC Group, Spain) contains a high content of phenolic compounds that endow it with antioxidant activity. PL can administered orally or topically and is completely safe. PL complements and enhances endogenous antioxidant systems by neutralizing superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, and lipoperoxides. In addition to its antioxidant activity, PL also improves DNA repair and modulates immune and inflammatory responses. These activities are likely due to its ability to inhibit the generation and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by UVR, VIS, and IR radiation. PL also prevents direct DNA damage by accelerating the removal of induced photoproducts and decreasing UV-induced mutations. Oral PL increases the expression of active p53, decreases cell proliferation, and inhibits UV-induced COX-2 enzyme levels. PL has been used to treat skin diseases such as photodermatoses and pigmentary disorders and recently as a complement of photodynamic phototherapy in actinic keratoses. The photoprotective capability of PL has been proven in a multitude of in vitro and in vivo studies, which include animal models and clinical trials with human subjects. Based on this evidence, PL is a new generation photoprotector with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that also protects DNA integrity and enhances the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Parrado
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jimena Nicolas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autónoma University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Juarranz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autónoma University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Gonzalez
- Medicine and Medical Specialties Department, Alcala University, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Application of medicinal plants in several dermatovenerological entities. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:525-531. [PMID: 31639095 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of skin conditions with medicinal plants has been an ongoing human activity lasting over thousands of years. The use of specific plant species developed regionally, based on local flora. Commonly used medicinal plants for dermatological complaints are: Phlebodium aureum (L.) J. Sm., Ginkgo biloba L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Panax ginseng C.A.Mey., Allium cepa L., Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., Capsicum annuum L., Berbe ris aquifolium Pursh, Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, and Podophyllum peltatum L. The demand for complementary therapeutics is an emerging trend due to the awareness of potential side effects that synthetic drugs might cause. More scientific evidence and better documentation are needed before advising dermatologic patients on herbal medicinal treatment. Standardised extracts and formulations with proven clinical efficacy should be developed for this cause. Here provided review entails the use of herbal medicinal products in the treatment of frequent chronic skin diseases, such as vitiligo, alopecia, psoriasis and genital warts.
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17
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Martín-Pozo L, Zafra-Gómez A, Cantarero-Malagón S, Vilchez JL. Analysis of Phlebodium decumanum Fronds by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography by Ultraviolet-Visible and Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC–UV–VIS–QTOF–MS/MS). ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1594866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martín-Pozo
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Zafra-Gómez
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Vilchez
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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19
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Rosen JD, Paul S, Maderal A. A review of the evidence and cost of therapies for cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2019; 28:799-805. [PMID: 31042129 DOI: 10.1177/0961203319846397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE)-a common presentation of lupus erythematosus-may exist independently or as a part of the systemic manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. The effects of living with and treating a chronic condition such as CLE can be debilitating to a patient's health and finances. The management of patients with CLE is made particularly challenging by poor compliance, limited therapeutic options, scarcity of evidence supporting their use, and significant differences in costs of medications. Effective management of CLE should center on prevention, individualized treatment regimens, and a mutual understanding of the challenges that patients with CLE face. This article seeks to provide an overview of the efficacy, safety, and cost of therapeutic options for CLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Rosen
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - S Paul
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - A Maderal
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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20
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da Silva ACP, Paiva JP, Diniz RR, Dos Anjos VM, Silva ABSM, Pinto AV, Dos Santos EP, Leitão AC, Cabral LM, Rodrigues CR, de Pádula M, Santos BAMC. Photoprotection assessment of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves extract standardized to oleuropein: In vitro and in silico approach for improved sunscreens. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 193:162-171. [PMID: 30884286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Olive leaves contain higher amount of polyphenols than olive oil and represent a waste product from olive harvest and pruning of olive trees. The most abundant compound in olive leaves is oleuropein. Benefits of the topical application of olive leaves extract were previously reported, but little information is available on its photoprotective potential and the result of the association of this extract with organic UV filters in topical sunscreen formulations. The olive leaves extract photoprotective potential is less explored for both oral and topical photoprotection in comparison with other plants extracts and polyphenols, such as Polypodium leucotomos extract and resveratrol. There are increasing efforts towards developing more efficient sunscreens and a photoprotection assessement along with a better understanding of the photochemistry of naturally occurring sunscreens could aid the design of new and improved commercial sunscreen formulations. This study was designed to investigate the photoprotective potential of olive leaves extract standardized for oleuropein performing a set of in vitro and in silico tools as an innovative approach, highlighting yeast assays, in vitro Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and molecular modelling studies of UV absorption. This study supports the use of olive leaves extract for photoprotection, as an effective photoprotective, anti-mutagenic and antioxidant active, also showing a synergistic effect in association with UV filters with an improvement on in vitro SPF of sunscreen formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C P da Silva
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana P Paiva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Raiane R Diniz
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Vitor M Dos Anjos
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz S M Silva
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Alicia Viviana Pinto
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Elisabete P Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico (LADEG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Alvaro C Leitão
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular (Radmol), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Lucio M Cabral
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Industrial Farmacêutica (LabTIF), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular & QSAR-3D (ModMolQSAR), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Pádula
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Bianca Aloise M C Santos
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil.
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21
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Evaluation of Anti-Tyrosinase and Antioxidant Properties of Four Fern Species for Potential Cosmetic Applications. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ferns are poorly explored species from a pharmaceutical perspective compared to other terrestrial plants. In this work, the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts, together with total polyphenol content, were evaluated in order to explore the potential cosmetic applications of four Spanish ferns collected in the Prades Mountains (Polypodium vulgare L., Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L., Asplenium trichomanes L., and Ceterach officinarum Willd). The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) assays. The potential to avoid skin hyperpigmentation was tested by inhibiting the tyrosinase enzyme, as this causes melanin synthesis in the epidermis. All ferns were confirmed as antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase agents, but interestingly hydrophilic extracts (obtained with methanol) were more potent and effective compared to lipophilic extracts (obtained with hexane). Polypodium vulgare, Asplenium adiantum-nigrum, and Ceterach officinarum methanolic extracts performed the best as antioxidants. Polypodium vulgare methanolic extract also showed the highest activity as a tyrosinase inhibitor.
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22
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Di Nardo V, Barygina V, França K, Tirant M, Valle Y, Lotti T. Functional nutrition as integrated approach in vitiligo management. Dermatol Ther 2018; 32:e12625. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Barygina
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Katlein França
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, Institute for Bioethics & Health Policy; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Bioethics & Health Policy; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
| | | | - Yan Valle
- University of Rome “G. Marconi”; Rome Italy
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23
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Zamarrón A, Lorrio S, González S, Juarranz Á. Fernblock Prevents Dermal Cell Damage Induced by Visible and Infrared A Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082250. [PMID: 30071607 PMCID: PMC6121512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sun overexposure leads to higher risk of photoaging and skin cancer. The contribution of infrared (IR) and visible light (VIS) radiation is currently being taken into account in their pathogenesis. Erythema, hyperpigmentation, genotoxicity or the increase of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression are some of the effects induced by these types of radiation. Extracts of various botanicals endowed with antioxidant activity are emerging as new photoprotective compounds. A natural extract from Polypodium leucotomos (Fernblock®, FB) has antioxidant and photoprotective properties and exhibits a strong anti-aging effect. In this study, we evaluated the protective capacity of FB against the detrimental effects of infrared A (IRA) and VIS radiation in human dermal fibroblasts. We analyzed the effects of FB on the morphology, viability, cell cycle and expression of extracellular matrix components of fibroblasts subjected to VIS and IRA. Our results indicate that FB prevents cell damage caused by VIS and IRA. Moreover, it reduces the increase in MMP-1 and cathepsin K expression induced by both VIS and IRA radiation, and curbs alterations in fibrillin 1, fibrillin 2 and elastin expression. All these findings support FB as a feasible approach to prevent or treat skin damage caused by IRA or VIS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Zamarrón
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autónoma University of Madrid, IRYCIS, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Silvia Lorrio
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autónoma University of Madrid, IRYCIS, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Salvador González
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Alcalá de Henares University, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Juarranz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autónoma University of Madrid, IRYCIS, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Parrado C, Philips N, Gilaberte Y, Juarranz A, González S. Oral Photoprotection: Effective Agents and Potential Candidates. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:188. [PMID: 29998107 PMCID: PMC6028556 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared ranges produces biologic effects in humans. Where some of these effects are beneficial, others are harmful to the skin, particularly those stemming from ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Pharmacological photoprotection can be topical or systemic. Systemic photoprotection is often administered orally, complementing topical protection. New and classic oral agents (e.g., essential micronutrients as vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, carotenoids) are endowed with photoprotective and anti-photocarcinogenic properties. These substances bear the potential to increase systemic protection against the effects of electromagnetic radiation in the UV, visible, and infrared ranges. Protective mechanisms vary and include anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. As such, they provide protection against UVR and prevent photo-induced carcinogenesis and aging. In this review, we present state of the art approaches regarding the photoprotective effects of vitamins and vitamin derivatives, dietary botanical, and non-botanical agents. A growing body of data supports the beneficial effects of oral photoprotection on the health of the skin. More studies will likely confirm and expand the positive impact of oral dietary botanicals as complementary measures for photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Parrado
- Department of Histology and Pathology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Neena Philips
- School of Natural Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ, United States
| | - Yolanda Gilaberte
- Dermatology Service, Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.,Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Angeles Juarranz
- Biology Department, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador González
- Medicine and Medical Specialties Department, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Alcalá University Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Baskaran XR, Geo Vigila AV, Zhang SZ, Feng SX, Liao WB. A review of the use of pteridophytes for treating human ailments. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 19:85-119. [PMID: 29405039 PMCID: PMC5833325 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to explore the pharmacological activity of early tracheophytes (pteridophytes) as an alternative medicine for treating human ailments. As the first vascular plants, pteridophytes (aka, ferns and fern allies) are an ancient lineage, and human beings have been exploring and using taxa from this lineage for over 2000 years because of their beneficial properties. We have documented the medicinal uses of pteridophytes belonging to thirty different families. The lycophyte Selaginella sp. was shown in earlier studies to have multiple pharmacological activity, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-Alzheimer properties. Among all the pteridophytes examined, taxa from the Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, and Adiantaceae exhibited significant medicinal activity. Based on our review, many pteridophytes have properties that could be used in alternative medicine for treatment of various human illnesses. Biotechnological tools can be used to preserve and even improve their bioactive molecules for the preparation of medicines against illness. Even though several studies have reported medicinal uses of ferns, the possible bioactive compounds of several pteridophytes have not been identified. Furthermore, their optimal dosage level and treatment strategies still need to be determined. Finally, the future direction of pteridophyte research is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier-ravi Baskaran
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden /Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | | | - Shou-zhou Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden /Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | - Shi-xiu Feng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden /Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | - Wen-bo Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Abstract
The skin cells continuously produce, through cellular respiration, metabolic processes or under external aggressions, highly reactive molecules oxidation products, generally called free radicals. These molecules are immediately neutralized by enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems in a physiological and dynamic balance. In situations where this balance is broken, various cellular structures, such as the cell membrane, nuclear or mitochondrial DNA may suffer structural modifications, triggering or worsening skin diseases. several substances with alleged antioxidant effects has been offered for topical or oral use, but little is known about their safety, possible associations and especially their mechanism of action. The management of topical and oral antioxidants can help dermatologist to intervene in the oxidative processes safely and effectively, since they know the mechanisms, limitations and potential risks of using these molecules as well as the potential benefits of available associations.
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Murbach TS, Glávits R, Hirka G, Endres JR, Clewell AE, Szakonyiné IP. A 28-day oral toxicology study of an aqueous extract of Polypodium leucotomos (Fernblock ®). Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:494-501. [PMID: 28959679 PMCID: PMC5615158 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The NOAEL study was 5000 mg/kg bw/d—the highest dose tested. No target organs or treatment-related toxicological effects were identified. Our results are relevant to the evaluation of the safety of human ingestion of Fernblock®.
Fernblock® is a standardized commercial aqueous extraction of the leaves of the tropical fern Polypodium leucotomos promoted as an orally active photoprotective substance. In a previous battery of toxicological tests on Fernblock®, no genotoxicy was observed and no oral toxicity was observed up to 1200 mg/kg bw/day. The current study was conducted in Hsd.Han Wistar rats using doses of 0, 2000, 3500, and 5000 mg/kg bw/day Fernblock® by gavage for 28 consecutive days. No mortality or toxic effects were observed and no target organs were identified. The no observed adverse effect level was determined to be 5000 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Murbach
- AIBMR Life Sciences, Inc., 2800 East Madison Street, Suite 202, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
| | - Róbert Glávits
- Toxi-Coop Zrt., Magyar Jakobinusok tere 4/B, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Hirka
- Toxi-Coop Zrt., Magyar Jakobinusok tere 4/B, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - John R Endres
- AIBMR Life Sciences, Inc., 2800 East Madison Street, Suite 202, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
| | - Amy E Clewell
- AIBMR Life Sciences, Inc., 2800 East Madison Street, Suite 202, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
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Cao H, Chai TT, Wang X, Morais-Braga MFB, Yang JH, Wong FC, Wang R, Yao H, Cao J, Cornara L, Burlando B, Wang Y, Xiao J, Coutinho HDM. Phytochemicals from fern species: potential for medicine applications. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2017; 16:379-440. [PMID: 32214919 PMCID: PMC7089528 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-016-9488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ferns are an important phytogenetic bridge between lower and higher plants. Historically they have been used in many ways by humans, including as ornamental plants, domestic utensils, foods, and in handicrafts. In addition, they have found uses as medicinal herbs. Ferns produce a wide array of secondary metabolites endowed with different bioactivities that could potentially be useful in the treatment of many diseases. However, there is currently relatively little information in the literature on the phytochemicals present in ferns and their pharmacological applications, and the most recent review of the literature on the occurrence, chemotaxonomy and physiological activity of fern secondary metabolites was published over 20 years ago, by Soeder (Bot Rev 51:442-536, 1985). Here, we provide an updated review of this field, covering recent findings concerning the bioactive phytochemicals and pharmacology of fern species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Tsun-Thai Chai
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biology, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | | | - Jing-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
| | - Fai-Chu Wong
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Malaysia
- Centre for Biodiversity Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Ruibing Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Huankai Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221004 China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Jianguo Cao
- Department of Biology, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Laura Cornara
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell’Ambiente e della Vita, Polo Botanico, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Dogali 1M, 16136 Genoa, Italy
| | - Bruno Burlando
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Yitao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Henrique D. M. Coutinho
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Regional University of Cariri–URCA, Crato, CE Brazil
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Parrado C, Mascaraque M, Gilaberte Y, Juarranz A, Gonzalez S. Fernblock (Polypodium leucotomos Extract): Molecular Mechanisms and Pleiotropic Effects in Light-Related Skin Conditions, Photoaging and Skin Cancers, a Review. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071026. [PMID: 27367679 PMCID: PMC4964402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthier life styles include increased outdoors time practicing sports and walking. This means increased exposure to the sun, leading to higher risk of sunburn, photoaging and skin cancer. In addition to topical barrier products, oral supplementations of various botanicals endowed with antioxidant activity are emerging as novel method of photoprotection. Polypodium leucotomos extract (PL, commercial name Fernblock®, IFC Group, Spain) is a powerful antioxidant due to its high content of phenolic compounds. PL is administered orally, with proven safety, and it can also be used topically. Its mechanisms include inhibition of the generation and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by ultraviolet (UV) light. It also prevents UV- and ROS-induced DNA damage with inhibition of AP1 and NF-κB and protection of natural antioxidant enzyme systems. At the cellular level, PL decreases cellular apoptosis and necrosis mediated UV and inhibits abnormal extracellular matrix remodeling. PL reduces inflammation, prevents immunosuppression, activates tumor suppressor p53 and inhibits UV-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme expression. In agreement with increased p53 activity, PL decreased UV radiation-induced cell proliferation. PL also prevents common deletions mitochondrial DNA damage induced by UVA, and MMP-1 expression induced Visible Light and Infrared Radiation. These cellular and molecular effects are reflected in inhibitions of carcinogenesis and photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepcion Parrado
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga 29071, Spain.
| | - Marta Mascaraque
- Biology Department, Sciences School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | | | - Angeles Juarranz
- Biology Department, Sciences School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Salvador Gonzalez
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- Medicine Department, Alcalá University, Madrid 28805, Spain.
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30
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Murbach TS, Béres E, Vértesi A, Glávits R, Hirka G, Endres JR, Clewell AE, Szakonyiné IP. A comprehensive toxicological safety assessment of an aqueous extract of Polypodium leucotomos (Fernblock(®)). Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 86:328-41. [PMID: 26585922 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A battery of toxicological studies was conducted in accordance with internationally accepted standards to investigate the genotoxicity and repeated-dose oral toxicity of Fernblock(®), a commercial aqueous extraction of the leaves of the tropical fern Polypodium leucotomos used for its oral and topical photoprotective properties. No evidence of mutagenicity was observed in a bacterial reverse mutation test or in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test nor was any genotoxic activity observed in an in vivo mouse micronucleus test. Two repeated-dose oral toxicity studies were conducted in male and female Wistar rats. In the first study, no mortality or toxic effects were observed and no target organs were identified at doses administered for 14 days by gavage up to the maximum dose of 5000 mg/kg bw/day. Based on these results, a 90-day study was conducted at 0, 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg bw/day. No mortality or treatment-related adverse effects were observed and no target organs were identified. The NOAEL from the 90-day study was determined to be 1200 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Murbach
- AIBMR Life Sciences, Inc., 4117 South Meridian, Puyallup, WA 98373, USA.
| | - Erzsébet Béres
- Toxi-Coop Zrt., Deres u. 10/A, H-1124 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Adél Vértesi
- Toxi-Coop Zrt., Deres u. 10/A, H-1124 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Róbert Glávits
- Toxi-Coop Zrt., Deres u. 10/A, H-1124 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Hirka
- Toxi-Coop Zrt., Deres u. 10/A, H-1124 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - John R Endres
- AIBMR Life Sciences, Inc., 4117 South Meridian, Puyallup, WA 98373, USA.
| | - Amy E Clewell
- AIBMR Life Sciences, Inc., 4117 South Meridian, Puyallup, WA 98373, USA.
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31
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Schalka S, Steiner D, Ravelli FN, Steiner T, Terena AC, Marçon CR, Ayres EL, Addor FAS, Miot HA, Ponzio H, Duarte I, Neffá J, Cunha JAJD, Boza JC, Samorano LDP, Corrêa MDP, Maia M, Nasser N, Leite OMRR, Lopes OS, Oliveira PD, Meyer RLB, Cestari T, Reis VMSD, Rego VRPDA. Brazilian consensus on photoprotection. An Bras Dermatol 2015; 89:1-74. [PMID: 25761256 PMCID: PMC4365470 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20143971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazil is a country of continental dimensions with a large heterogeneity of climates
and massive mixing of the population. Almost the entire national territory is located
between the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn, and the Earth axial tilt to the
south certainly makes Brazil one of the countries of the world with greater extent of
land in proximity to the sun. The Brazilian coastline, where most of its population
lives, is more than 8,500 km long. Due to geographic characteristics and cultural
trends, Brazilians are among the peoples with the highest annual exposure to the sun.
Epidemiological data show a continuing increase in the incidence of non-melanoma and
melanoma skin cancers. Photoprotection can be understood as a set of measures aimed
at reducing sun exposure and at preventing the development of acute and chronic
actinic damage. Due to the peculiarities of Brazilian territory and culture, it would
not be advisable to replicate the concepts of photoprotection from other developed
countries, places with completely different climates and populations. Thus the
Brazilian Society of Dermatology has developed the Brazilian Consensus on
Photoprotection, the first official document on photoprotection developed in Brazil
for Brazilians, with recommendations on matters involving photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Schalka
- Photobiology Department, Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eloisa Leis Ayres
- Center of Dermatology Prof. Rene Garrido Neves, City Health Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Humberto Ponzio
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ida Duarte
- Charity Hospital, Santa Casa de Misericórdia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jane Neffá
- Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcus Maia
- Charity Hospital, Santa Casa de Misericórdia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nilton Nasser
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
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32
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Abstract
As the understanding of the immune system pathways, cytokine balances, and cellular interactions continues to expand, so must the potential applications of therapies that can impact the process of diseases instead of just controlling their symptoms. In the case of Polypodium leucotomos extract, which is derived from a tropical fern of the Polypodiaceae family, the future potential of applications in dermatology and beyond will be better understood as its incorporation into daily routines gives rise to the development of new regimens. Clinicians may position this agent as an option for daily maintenance, accept its use in combinations, or use it as a template for further development of oral supplementation that may evolve into a true immunomodulator. The antioxidant activity of P. leucotomos extract is primarily driven by caffeic acid and ferulic acid, resulting in the control of cutaneous responses to ultraviolet-induced erythema, in the interception of inflammatory mechanisms, and the promotion of other cytotoxic responses. Histologically, the impact of P. leucotomos extract induces an effect on the overall reduction of angiogenesis, photocarcinogenesis, and solar elastosis, while on the cellular level there are improvements in cell membrane integrity and elastin expression. Future applications for P. leucotomos extract could include the potential for photoprotective effects, and subsequent research efforts should focus on determining the optimal dosage regimen, duration of action, and utility of combinations with sunscreens, among other outcomes. Recently published data have also demonstrated how the antioxidant effects of oral P. leucotomos extract can delay tumor development in mice models, suggesting there might be a protective role that could be described with further clinical research. In addition, it is important to recognize the distinction between photoprotection and chemoprevention, in that there has yet to be any in vivo or controlled clinical trial data in human subjects that show a role for P. leucotomos extract in the prevention of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Bhatia
- Director of Clinical Dermatology, Therapeutics Clinical Research, San Diego, CA, USA,
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Lv J, Zha X, Pang S, Jia H, Zhang Y, Shang J. Synthesis and melanogenesis evaluation of 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyflavanone derivatives and characterization of flavanone–BODIPY. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1607-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Current knowledge in Polypodium leucotomos effect on skin protection. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 307:199-209. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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35
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Parrado C, Juarranz A, Gilaberte Y, Philips N, Gonzalez S. Fern Extract, Oxidative Stress, and Skin Cancer. Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405205-5.00025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Geraniin down regulates gamma radiation-induced apoptosis by suppressing DNA damage. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 57:147-53. [PMID: 23541438 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gamma ray irradiation triggers DNA damage and apoptosis of proliferating stem cells and peripheral immune cells, resulting in the destruction of intestinal crypts and lymphoid system. Geraniin is a natural compound extracts from an aquatic plant Nymphaea tetragona and possesses good antioxidant property. In this study, we demonstrate that geraniin rescues radiosensitive splenocytes and jejunal crypt cells from radiation-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. Isolated splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice treated with geraniin were protected against radiation injury of 2 Gy irradiation through the enhancement of the proliferation and attenuation of DNA damage. Also, geraniin inhibited apoptosis in radiosensitive splenocytes by reducing the expression level and immunoreactivity of proapoptotic p53 and Bax and increasing those of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. In mice exposed to radiation, geraniin treatment protected splenocytes and intestinal crypt cells from radiation-induced cell death. Our results suggest that geraniin presents radioprotective effects by regulating DNA damage on splenocytes, exerting immunostimulatory capacities and inhibiting apoptosis of radiosensitive immune cells and jejunal crypt cells. Therefore, geraniin can be a radioprotective agent against γ-irradiation exposure.
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Colucci R, Lotti T, Moretti S. Vitiligo: an update on current pharmacotherapy and future directions. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012; 13:1885-99. [PMID: 22835073 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2012.712113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitiligo is a common pigmentary skin disorder, characterized by the appearance of white macules on the skin, mucosal or hair. Treatment is often a tough challenge and involves a wide range of therapies. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on available first- and second-line pharmacological treatments for vitiligo. In particular, the mechanisms of action, the main indications, the efficacy and the most important side effects are reviewed. Moreover, a brief discussion is provided, regarding other nonpharmacological treatments, such as phototherapy and surgical options, due to their importance and successful outcomes in vitiligo treatment. Finally, a concise overview regarding the future directions in vitiligo therapy is presented. EXPERT OPINION The promising outcomes reported here demonstrate that it is possible to achieve a satisfactory and often stable repigmentation of vitiligo lesions. Topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, phototherapy and photochemotherapy represent the first-line therapeutic options, due to their safety and efficacy, whereas vitamin D analogues, targeted phototherapy, oral corticosteroids and surgery should be used as second-line therapies. Other therapies, such as antioxidants, can be used in association with other therapeutic options, whereas depigmenting agents should be used only in cases of extensive vitiligo, recalcitrant to other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Colucci
- University of Florence, Section of Clinical, Preventive and Oncologic Dermatology, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, Florence, Italy.
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38
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Guinea M, Franco V, Araujo-Bazán L, Rodríguez-Martín I, González S. In vivo UVB-photoprotective activity of extracts from commercial marine macroalgae. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:1109-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fernblock, a nutriceutical with photoprotective properties and potential preventive agent for skin photoaging and photoinduced skin cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:8466-75. [PMID: 22272084 PMCID: PMC3257081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12128466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many phytochemicals are endowed with photoprotective properties, i.e., the capability to prevent the harmful effects of excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. These effects include photoaging and skin cancer, and immunosuppression. Photoprotection is endowed through two major modes of action: UV absorption or reflection/scattering; and tissue repair post-exposure. We and others have uncovered the photoprotective properties of an extract of the fern Polypodium leucotomos (commercial name Fernblock). Fernblock is an all-natural antioxidant extract, administered both topically (on the skin) or orally. It inhibits generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by UV including superoxide anion. It also prevents damage to the DNA, inhibits UV-induced AP1 and NF-κB, and protects endogenous skin natural antioxidant systems, i.e., CAT, GSH, and GSSR. Its photoprotective effects at a cellular level include a marked decrease of UV-mediated cellular apoptosis and necrosis and a profound inhibition of extracellular matrix remodeling. These molecular and cellular effects translate into long-term inhibition of photoaging and carcinogenesis that, together with its lack of toxicity, postulate its use as a novel-generation photoprotective nutriceutical of phytochemical origin.
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41
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Gonzalez S, Gilaberte Y, Philips N. Mechanistic insights in the use of a Polypodium leucotomos extract as an oral and topical photoprotective agent. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:559-63. [DOI: 10.1039/b9pp00156e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Dehydration-related changes of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in fronds of the resurrection fern Asplenium ceterach L. ARCH BIOL SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.2298/abs1004071z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Asplenium ceterach belongs to a group of poikilohydric ferns and it can
recover uninjured from an almost completely dehydrated state. In our study,
short term dehydration (24h) at four different water potentials, resulted in
moderate water loss (partial desiccation) in fern tissue. The main phenolic
acids represented in A. ceterach were chlorogenic (CGA) and caffeic acid (CA)
and their content decreased during the dehydration process. For the first
time, peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) isoforms were determined
in the rustyback fern. The results exhibit the presence of numerous anionic
POD isoforms, with pI ranging from 4.4 to 5.8, but none of the cationic
isoforms was detected. Two PPO isoforms were identified, one anionic with pI
6.3 and one cationic with pI of about 9.0. Short-term dehydration brought
about a remarkable increase in POD and PPO activity using CGA as a substrate.
Changes in enzyme activity and content of substrates during dehydration may
play an important role in the adaptation of the rustyback fern to water
deficit, and increase the overall plant resistance to stress conditions.
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45
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Mulero M, Rodríguez-Yanes E, Nogués MR, Giralt M, Romeu M, González S, Mallol J. Polypodium leucotomos extract inhibits glutathione oxidation and prevents Langerhans cell depletion induced by UVB/UVA radiation in a hairless rat model. Exp Dermatol 2008; 17:653-8. [PMID: 18312382 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00684.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we have addressed the effect of oral administration of a hydrophilic extract of the fern Polypodium leucotomos (PL) on the deleterious effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on the levels of epidermal and plasmatic antioxidants in hairless rats. We have found that pretreatment with PL effectively reduced glutathione oxidation in both blood and epidermis, suggesting a potent systemic antioxidant effect. In addition, PL inhibited UVR-mediated Langerhans cell (LC) depletion. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of PL as an oral antioxidant and photoimmunoprotective agent and support its employment as a complement to topical sunscreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Mulero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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