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Thuner J, Cognard J, Belot A. How to treat monogenic SLE? Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2024:101962. [PMID: 38876818 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2024.101962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a rare and life-threatening autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibodies against double-stranded DNA, with an immunopathology that remains partially unclear. New insights into the disease have been provided by the discovery of key mutations leading to the development of monogenic SLE, occurring in the context of early-onset disease, syndromic lupus, or familial clustering. The increased frequency of discovering these mutations in recent years, thanks to the advent of genetic screening, has greatly enhanced our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of SLE. These monogenic defects include defective clearance of apoptotic bodies, abnormalities in nucleic acid sensing, activation of the type-I interferon pathway, and the breakdown of tolerance through B or T cell activation or lymphocyte proliferation due to anomalies in TLR signalling and/or NFκB pathway overactivation. The translation of genetic discoveries into therapeutic strategies is presented here, within the framework of personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Thuner
- Internal Medicine Department, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France; CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie/International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, INSERM, Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jade Cognard
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Nephrology, Dermatology Department, CMR RAISE, Women-Mother-Child Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France; CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie/International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, INSERM, Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Belot
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Nephrology, Dermatology Department, CMR RAISE, Women-Mother-Child Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France; CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie/International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, INSERM, Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; CNRS, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, Lyon, France.
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Shimonty A, Pin F, Prideaux M, Peng G, Huot J, Kim H, Rosen CJ, Spiegelman BM, Bonewald LF. Deletion of FNDC5/irisin modifies murine osteocyte function in a sex-specific manner. eLife 2024; 12:RP92263. [PMID: 38661340 PMCID: PMC11045224 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Irisin, released from exercised muscle, has been shown to have beneficial effects on numerous tissues but its effects on bone are unclear. We found significant sex and genotype differences in bone from wildtype (WT) mice compared to mice lacking Fndc5 (knockout [KO]), with and without calcium deficiency. Despite their bone being indistinguishable from WT females, KO female mice were partially protected from osteocytic osteolysis and osteoclastic bone resorption when allowed to lactate or when placed on a low-calcium diet. Male KO mice have more but weaker bone compared to WT males, and when challenged with a low-calcium diet lost more bone than WT males. To begin to understand responsible molecular mechanisms, osteocyte transcriptomics was performed. Osteocytes from WT females had greater expression of genes associated with osteocytic osteolysis and osteoclastic bone resorption compared to WT males which had greater expression of genes associated with steroid and fatty acid metabolism. Few differences were observed between female KO and WT osteocytes, but with a low-calcium diet, the KO females had lower expression of genes responsible for osteocytic osteolysis and osteoclastic resorption than the WT females. Male KO osteocytes had lower expression of genes associated with steroid and fatty acid metabolism, but higher expression of genes associated with bone resorption compared to male WT. In conclusion, irisin plays a critical role in the development of the male but not the female skeleton and protects male but not female bone from calcium deficiency. We propose irisin ensures the survival of offspring by targeting the osteocyte to provide calcium in lactating females, a novel function for this myokine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gang Peng
- Indiana UniversityIndianapolisUnited States
| | | | - Hyeonwoo Kim
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejonRepublic of Korea
| | | | | | - Lynda F Bonewald
- Indiana UniversityIndianapolisUnited States
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal HealthIndianapolisUnited States
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3
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Arunjaroensuk S, Nampuksa K, Monmaturapoj N, Thunyakitpisal P, Porntaveetus T, Mattheos N, Pimkhaokham A. Gene expression, micro-CT and histomorphometrical analysis of sinus floor augmentation with biphasic calcium phosphate and deproteinized bovine bone mineral: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2024; 26:402-414. [PMID: 38317374 DOI: 10.1111/cid.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to compare the gene expression, micro-CT, histomorphometrical analysis between biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) of 70/30 ratio and deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) in sinus augmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four patients in need for sinus floor augmentation through lateral approach were randomized into BCP 70/30 ratio or DBBM. After at least 6 months of healing, a total of 24 bone specimens were collected from the entire height of the augmented bone at the area of implant placement and underwent micro-CT, histomorphometric and gene expression analysis. The 12 bone specimens of BCP 70/30 ratio were equally allocated to micro-CT and histologic analysis (test group, n = 6) and gene expression analysis (test group, n = 6). Similarly, the 12 bone specimens of DBBM were also allocated to micro-CT and histologic analysis (control group, n = 6) and gene expression analysis (control group, n = 6). The newly formed bone, remaining graft materials and relative change in gene expression of four target genes were assessed. RESULTS The micro-CT results showed no statistically significant difference in the ratio of bone volume to total volume (BV/TV ratio) for the two groups (BCP 41.51% vs. DBBM 40.97%) and the same was true for residual graft material to total volume (GV/TV ratio, BCP 9.97% vs. DBBM 14.41%). Similarly, no significant difference was shown in the histological analysis in terms of bone formation, (BCP 31.43% vs. DBBM was 30.09%) and residual graft area (DBBM 40.76% vs. BCP 45.06%). With regards to gene expression, the level of ALP was lower in both groups of bone grafted specimens compared with the native bone. On the contrary, the level of OSX, IL-1B and TRAP was higher in augmented bone of both groups compared with the native bone. However, the relative difference in all gene expressions between BCP and DBBM group was not significant. CONCLUSIONS The BCP, HA/β-TCP ratio of 70/30 presented similar histological and micro-CT outcomes in terms of new bone formation and residual graft particles with DBBM. The gene expression analysis revealed different gene expression patterns between augmented and native bone, but showed no significant difference between the two biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirida Arunjaroensuk
- Dental Biomaterials Science Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Digital Implant Surgery Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Katanchalee Nampuksa
- Assistive Technology and Medical Devices Research Center (A-MED), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Naruporn Monmaturapoj
- Assistive Technology and Medical Devices Research Center (A-MED), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | | | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nikos Mattheos
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Digital Implant Surgery Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Atiphan Pimkhaokham
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Digital Implant Surgery Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Zhang N, Wang G. From Metabolically Healthy Obesity to Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity Populations: Decreased Bone Turnover Bioactivity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3657-3667. [PMID: 38028998 PMCID: PMC10659145 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s431194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose A bone turnover marker reflects bone bioactivity. The effects of metabolically healthy compared with metabolically unhealthy obesity phenotypes on bone metabolism are not well understood. The aim of the study was to evaluate differences of bone transformation indexes in these two obesity phenotypes. Patients and Methods A total of 419 obese subjects were recruited, 64 with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and 351 with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MuHO). BTMs and clinical parameters were measured. Results Bone metabolism indexes, including tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP, p < 0.05), β carboxyl terminal peptide of collagen (β-CTX, p < 0.01), and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP, p < 0.01), were higher in subjects with MHO than MuHO, but parathyroid hormone (PTH) was lower (p < 0.05). The between-group difference in serum calcium was not significant. Low bone turnover activity was associated with significant hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and body fat index (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression found that TRACP, β-CTX, and BAP were independently associated with the presence of MHO. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis found that the maximum area under the curve value for the definition of MHO was (0.8221) and was obtained when sex, age, body mass index (BMI), TRACP, β-CTX and BAP were included simultaneously, resulting in a sensitivity of 81.25% and specificity: 72.3%. Conclusion The MHO group had significantly increased circulating TRACP and β-CTX compared with the MuHO group and BAP levels were within the physiological range. Obesity with the metabolically healthy phenotype had slightly increased bone turnover activity that may be an early compensatory response of skeletal metabolism to the increased BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Abuohashish H, Shahin S, Alamri A, Salloot Z, Alhawaj H, Omar O. Angiotensin(1-7) attenuates tooth movement and regulates alveolar bone response during orthodontic force application in experimental animal model. Prog Orthod 2023; 24:33. [PMID: 37840086 PMCID: PMC10577116 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-023-00486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renin-angiotensin system and its ACE2/Ang(1-7)/Mas receptor axis regulates skeletal response to multiple physiological and pathological conditions. Recent research suggested a vital role of Ang(1-7) in regulating alveolar bone metabolism and remodeling. In this context, this study evaluated the effects of the Ang(1-7)/Mas receptor axis on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and the alveolar bone response to mechanical load. METHODS A coil spring was placed between the right maxillary first molar and the anterior tooth of Wistar rats to apply bidirectional mechanical force. Ang(1-7) with or without a specific Mas receptor antagonist (A779) was infused using subcutaneous osmotic pumps (200 and 400 ng/kg/min: respectively). Animals were killed after 5 and 14 days from the OTM procedure after the clinical evaluation of tooth movement and mobility. Morphometric analysis of alveolar bone structure was conducted using micro-CT and the histological picture was evaluated after H&E staining. Moreover, collagen fiber distribution was assessed using Picro-Sirius red stain. In addition, bone samples were collected from the pressure and tension sites around the anterior tooth for gene expression analysis. RESULTS Ang(1-7) infusion suppressed the tooth movement and mobility after 14 days of the orthodontic force application. Additionally, Ang(1-7) infusion preserved the morphometric and histological structure of the alveolar bone at pressure and tension sides. These effects were abolished by adding A779 infusion. Collagen fiber distribution was dysregulated mainly by the A779 Mas receptor blockage. Ang(1-7) affected the bone formation, remodeling- and vascularity-related genes in the pressure and tension sides, suggesting a prominent suppression of osteoclastogenesis. Ang(1-7) also improved osteoblasts-related genes on the tension side, whereas the osteoclasts-related genes were augmented by A779 on the pressure side. CONCLUSION Collectively, the activation of Ang(1-7)/Mas receptor axis appears to hinder tooth movement and regulates alveolar bone remodeling in response to mechanical force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Abuohashish
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Suliman Shahin
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alamri
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainah Salloot
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Alhawaj
- Department of Environmental Health Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Omar
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Lei Y, Fu S, Yang Y, Chen J, Li B, Guo Z, Ye J. Identification and Functional Analysis of Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase Type 5b (TRAP5b) in Oreochromis niloticus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7179. [PMID: 37108342 PMCID: PMC10138680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5 (TRAP5) is an enzyme that is highly expressed in activated macrophages and osteoclasts and plays important biological functions in mammalian immune defense systems. In the study, we investigated the functions of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5b from Oreochromis niloticus (OnTRAP5b). The OnTRAP5b gene has an open reading frame of 975 bp, which encodes a mature peptide consisting of 302 amino acids with a molecular weight of 33.448 kDa. The OnTRAP5b protein contains a metallophosphatase domain with metal binding and active sites. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that OnTRAP5b is clustered with TRAP5b of teleost fish and shares a high amino acid sequence similarity with other TRAP5b in teleost fish (61.73-98.15%). Tissues expression analysis showed that OnTRAP5b was most abundant in the liver and was also widely expressed in other tissues. Upon challenge with Streptococcus agalactiae and Aeromonas hydrophila in vivo and in vitro, the expression of OnTRAP5b was significantly up-regulated. Additionally, the purified recombinant OnTRAP5b ((r)OnTRAP5) protein exhibited optimal phosphatase activity at pH 5.0 and an ideal temperature of 50 °C. The Vmax, Km, and kcat of purified (r)OnTRAP5b were found to be 0.484 μmol × min-1 × mg-1, 2.112 mM, and 0.27 s-1 with respect to pNPP as a substrate, respectively. Its phosphatase activity was differentially affected by metal ions (K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Fe3+) and inhibitors (sodium tartrate, sodium fluoride, and EDTA). Furthermore, (r)OnTRAP5b was found to promote the expression of inflammatory-related genes in head kidney macrophages and induce reactive oxygen expression and phagocytosis. Moreover, OnTRAP5b overexpression and knockdown had a significant effect on bacterial proliferation in vivo. When taken together, our findings suggest that OnTRAP5b plays a significant role in the immune response against bacterial infection in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lei
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Shengli Fu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yanjian Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jianlin Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Bingxi Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Tanner L, Bergwik J, Bhongir RKV, Puthia M, Lång P, Ali MN, Welinder C, Önnerfjord P, Erjefält JS, Palmberg L, Andersson G, Egesten A. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5 (TRAP5) mediates immune cell recruitment in a murine model of pulmonary bacterial infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1079775. [PMID: 36569898 PMCID: PMC9779928 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1079775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction During airway infection, upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and subsequent immune cell recruitment is essential to mitigate bacterial infection. Conversely, during prolonged and non-resolving airway inflammation, neutrophils contribute to tissue damage and remodeling. This occurs during diseases including cystic fibrosis (CF) and COPD where bacterial pathogens, not least Pseudomonas aeruginosa, contribute to disease progression through long-lasting infections. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) 5 is a metalloenzyme expressed by alveolar macrophages and one of its target substrates is the phosphoglycoprotein osteopontin (OPN). Methods We used a knockout mouse strain (Trap5-/-) and BALB/c-Tg (Rela-luc)31Xen mice paired with siRNA administration or functional protein add-back to elucidate the role of Trap5 during bacterial infection. In a series of experiments, Trap5-/- and wild-type control mice received intratracheal administration of P.aerugniosa (Xen41) or LPS, with mice monitored using intravital imaging (IVIS). In addition, multiplex cytokine immunoassays, flow cytometry, multispectral analyses, histological staining were performed. Results In this study, we found that Trap5-/- mice had impaired clearance of P. aeruginosa airway infection and reduced recruitment of immune cells (i.e. neutrophils and inflammatory macrophages). Trap5 knockdown using siRNA resulted in a decreased activation of the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB in reporter mice and a subsequent decrease of proinflammatory gene expression. Add-back experiments of enzymatically active TRAP5 to Trap5-/- mice restored immune cell recruitment and bacterial killing. In human CF lung tissue, TRAP5 of alveolar macrophages was detected in proximity to OPN to a higher degree than in normal lung tissue, indicating possible interactions. Discussion Taken together, the findings of this study suggest a key role for TRAP5 in modulating airway inflammation. This could have bearing in diseases such as CF and COPD where excessive neutrophilic inflammation could be targeted by pharmacological inhibitors of TRAP5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Tanner
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology & Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jesper Bergwik
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology & Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ravi K. V. Bhongir
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology & Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manoj Puthia
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Lång
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohamad N. Ali
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology & Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Welinder
- Swedish National Infrastructure for Biological Mass Spectrometry (BioMS), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrik Önnerfjord
- Molecular Skeletal Biology, Section for Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas S. Erjefält
- Unit of Airway Inflammation, Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Palmberg
- Work Environment Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Göran Andersson
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne Egesten
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology & Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden,*Correspondence: Arne Egesten,
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Liang T, Wang SK, Smith C, Zhang H, Hu Y, Seymen F, Koruyucu M, Kasimoglu Y, Kim JW, Zhang C, Saunders TL, Simmer JP, Hu JCC. Enamel defects in Acp4 R110C/R110C mice and human ACP4 mutations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16477. [PMID: 36183038 PMCID: PMC9526733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human ACP4 (OMIM*606362) encodes a transmembrane protein that belongs to histidine acid phosphatase (ACP) family. Recessive mutations in ACP4 cause non-syndromic hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI1J, OMIM#617297). While ACP activity has long been detected in developing teeth, its functions during tooth development and the pathogenesis of ACP4-associated AI remain largely unknown. Here, we characterized 2 AI1J families and identified a novel ACP4 disease-causing mutation: c.774_775del, p.Gly260Aspfs*29. To investigate the role of ACP4 during amelogenesis, we generated and characterized Acp4R110C mice that carry the p.(Arg110Cys) loss-of-function mutation. Mouse Acp4 expression was the strongest at secretory stage ameloblasts, and the protein localized primarily at Tomes' processes. While Acp4 heterozygous (Acp4+/R110C) mice showed no phenotypes, incisors and molars of homozygous (Acp4R110C/R110C) mice exhibited a thin layer of aplastic enamel with numerous ectopic mineralized nodules. Acp4R110C/R110C ameloblasts appeared normal initially but underwent pathology at mid-way of secretory stage. Ultrastructurally, sporadic enamel ribbons grew on mineralized dentin but failed to elongate, and aberrant needle-like crystals formed instead. Globs of organic matrix accumulated by the distal membranes of defective Tomes' processes. These results demonstrated a critical role for ACP4 in appositional growth of dental enamel probably by processing and regulating enamel matrix proteins around mineralization front apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shih-Kai Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, No. 1, Changde St., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City, 100, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, No. 8, Zhongshan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City, 100, Taiwan
| | - Charles Smith
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Figen Seymen
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Altinbas University, 34147, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Koruyucu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yelda Kasimoglu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jung-Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuhua Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Thomas L Saunders
- Division of Molecular, Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - James P Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Jan C-C Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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9
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Georgieva VS, Bluhm B, Probst K, Zhu M, Heilig J, Niehoff A, Brachvogel B. Ablation of the miRNA cluster 24 in cartilage and osteoblasts impairs bone remodeling. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9116. [PMID: 35650319 PMCID: PMC9160244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) post-transcriptionally regulate cartilage and bone development and function, however, only few miRNAs have been described to play a role for cartilage to bone transition in vivo. Previously, we showed that cartilage-specific deletion of the Mirc24 cluster in newborn male mice leads to impaired growth plate cartilage development due to increased RAF/MEK/ERK signaling and affects the stability of the cartilage extracellular matrix on account of decreased SOX6 and SOX9 and increased MMP13 levels. Here, we studied how Mirc24 cluster inactivation in cartilage and osteoblasts leads to an increased bone density associated with defects in collagen remodeling in trabecular bone. No changes in osteoblast distribution were observed, whereas the number of osteoclasts was reduced and TRAP activity in osteoclasts decreased. Surprisingly, an increased level of cluster-encoded miR-322 or miR-503 raises Rankl gene expression and inactivation of the cluster in chondrocytes reduces Rankl expression. These results suggest that the Mirc24 cluster regulates Rankl expression in chondrocytes at the chondro-osseous border, where the cluster is mainly expressed to modulate osteoclast formation, bone remodeling and bone integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika S Georgieva
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Bluhm
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kristina Probst
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mengjie Zhu
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Juliane Heilig
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, 50933, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Niehoff
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, 50933, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bent Brachvogel
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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10
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Dong M, Zeng J, Yang C, Qiu Y, Wang X. Asiatic Acid Attenuates Osteoporotic Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice Through Inhibiting NF-kappaB/MAPK/ Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:829741. [PMID: 35211021 PMCID: PMC8861314 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.829741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a condition associated with osteolytic bone disease that is primarily characterized by inordinate osteoclast activation. Protein kinase B (Akt) pathways activated by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) are essential for osteoclastogenesis. Asiatic acid (AA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid compound extracted from a traditional Chinese herb that exhibits a wide range of biological activities. AA has been found to alleviate the hypertrophic and fibrotic phenotype of chondrocytes via the Akt signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated whether AA alleviated bone loss by inhibiting the Akt signaling pathway during osteoclastogenesis and its effect on osteoblasts. The effect of AA cytotoxicity on mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages/monocytes (BMMs) was evaluated in vitro using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The effects of AA on osteoclast differentiation and function were detected using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and a pit formation assay. A Western blot and qRT-PCR were conducted to evaluate the expression of osteoclast-specific genes and protein signaling molecules. In addition, alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining were performed to assess osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. The bone protective effect of AA was investigated in vivo using ovariectomized mice. we found that AA could dose-dependently inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, the pit formation assay revealed that osteoclast function was suppressed by treatment with AA. Moreover, the expression of osteoclast-specific genes was found to be substantially decreased during osteoclastogenesis. Analysis of the molecular mechanisms showed that AA could inhibit NF-kappaB/MAPK/Akt signaling pathway, as well as the downstream factors of NFATc1 in the osteoclast signaling pathway activated by RANKL. However, AA did not significantly promote osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. The in vivo experiments suggested that AA could alleviate ovariectomy-induced bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Our results demonstrate that AA can inhibit osteoclastogenesis and prevent ovariectomy-induced bone loss by inhibiting the NF-kappaB/MAPK/Akt signaling pathway. The discovery of the new molecular mechanism that AA inhibits osteoclastogenesis provides essential evidence to support the use of AA as a potential drug for the treatment of osteoclast-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Dong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jican Zeng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chenyu Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yisen Qiu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xinjia Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Orthopedic, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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11
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Abstract
Bone fragility fractures remain an important worldwide health and economic problem due to increased morbidity and mortality. The current methods for predicting fractures are largely based on the measurement of bone mineral density and the utilization of mathematical risk calculators based on clinical risk factors for bone fragility. Despite these approaches, many bone fractures remain undiagnosed. Therefore, current research is focused on the identification of new factors such as bone turnover markers (BTM) for risk calculation. BTM are a group of proteins and peptides released during bone remodeling that can be found in serum or urine. They derive from bone resorptive and formative processes mediated by osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively. Potential use of BTM in monitoring these phenomenon and therefore bone fracture risk is limited by physiologic and pathophysiologic factors that influence BTM. These limitations in predicting fractures explain why their inclusion in clinical guidelines remains limited despite the large number of studies examining BTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Di Medio
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
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12
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Reithmeier A, Norgård M, Ek-Rylander B, Näreoja T, Andersson G. Cathepsin K regulates localization and secretion of Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) in TRAP-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:15. [PMID: 32188406 PMCID: PMC7081696 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tartrate–resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP/ ACP5) belongs to the binuclear metallophosphatase family and is present in two isoforms. The primary translation product is an uncleaved TRAP 5a isoform with low phosphatase activity. TRAP 5a can be post-translationally processed to a cleaved TRAP 5b isoform with high phosphatase activity by e.g. cysteine proteinases, such as Cathepsin K (CtsK). The relevance of the phosphatase activity of TRAP 5b has been demonstrated for proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cells. TRAP-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells displayed higher levels of TRAP 5a and efficient processing of TRAP 5a to TRAP 5b protein, but no changes in levels of CtsK when compared to mock-transfected cells. In TRAP-overexpressing cells colocalization of TRAP 5a and proCtsK was augmented, providing a plausible mechanism for generation of TRAP 5b. CtsK expression has been associated with cancer progression and has been pharmacologically targeted in several clinical studies. Results In the current study, CtsK inhibition with MK-0822/Odanacatib did not abrogate the formation of TRAP 5b, but reversibly increased the intracellular levels of a N-terminal fragment of TRAP 5b and reduced secretion of TRAP 5a reversibly. However, MK-0822 treatment neither altered intracellular TRAP activity nor TRAP-dependent cell migration, suggesting involvement of additional proteases in proteolytic processing of TRAP 5a. Notwithstanding, CtsK was shown to be colocalized with TRAP and to be involved in the regulation of secretion of TRAP 5a in a breast cancer cell line, while it still was not essential for processing of TRAP 5a to TRAP 5b isoform. Conclusion In cancer cells multiple proteases are involved in cleaving TRAP 5a to high-activity phosphatase TRAP 5b. However, CtsK-inhibiting treatment was able to reduce secretion TRAP 5a from TRAP-overexpressing cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Reithmeier
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels allé 8, 141 52, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Present Address: Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm, Department of Medical Biochemistry & Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 23A, 171 65, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Maria Norgård
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels allé 8, 141 52, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbro Ek-Rylander
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels allé 8, 141 52, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tuomas Näreoja
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels allé 8, 141 52, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Göran Andersson
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels allé 8, 141 52, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Jin H, Wang Q, Chen K, Xu K, Pan H, Chu F, Ye Z, Wang Z, Tickner J, Qiu H, Wang C, Kenny J, Xu H, Wang T, Xu J. Astilbin prevents bone loss in ovariectomized mice through the inhibition of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:8355-8368. [PMID: 31603626 PMCID: PMC6850941 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common osteolytic disease characterized by excessive osteoclast formation and resultant bone loss, which afflicts millions of patients around the world. Astilbin, a traditional herb, is known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antihepatic properties, but its role in osteoporosis treatment has not yet been confirmed. In our study, astilbin was found to have an inhibitory effect on the RANKL-induced formation and function of OCs in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. These effects were attributed to its ability to suppress the activity of two transcription factors (NFATc1 and c-Fos) indispensable for osteoclast formation, followed by inhibition of the expression of bone resorption-related genes and proteins (Acp5/TRAcP, CTSK, V-ATPase-d2 and integrin β3). Furthermore, we examined the underlying mechanisms and found that astilbin repressed osteoclastogenesis by blocking Ca2+ oscillations and the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. In addition, the therapeutic effect of MA on preventing bone loss in vivo was further confirmed in an ovariectomized mouse model. Therefore, considering its ability to inhibit RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and the underlying mechanisms, astilbin might be a potential candidate for treating osteolytic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Jin
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang ProvinceThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang ProvinceThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Ke Xu
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang ProvinceThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Hao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang ProvinceThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Feifan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang ProvinceThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zhen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang ProvinceThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Ziyi Wang
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Heng Qiu
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Jacob Kenny
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Huazi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang ProvinceThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Te Wang
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang ProvinceThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jiake Xu
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang ProvinceThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
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14
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Luukkonen J, Hilli M, Nakamura M, Ritamo I, Valmu L, Kauppinen K, Tuukkanen J, Lehenkari P. Osteoclasts secrete osteopontin into resorption lacunae during bone resorption. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 151:475-487. [PMID: 30637455 PMCID: PMC6542781 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a non-collagenous extracellular sialylated glycoprotein located in bone. It is believed to be one of the key components in osteoclast attachment to bone during resorption. In this study, we characterized OPN and other glycoproteins found in the resorption lacunae to confirm the role of osteoclasts in OPN secretion using electron microscopy and mass spectrometry. Additionally, we examined the glycan epitopes of resorption pits and the effects of different glycan epitopes on the differentiation and function of osteoclasts. Osteoarthritic femoral heads were examined by immunohistochemistry to reveal the presence of OPN in areas of increased bone metabolism in vivo. Our results demonstrate that human osteoclasts secrete OPN into resorption lacunae on native human bone and on carbonated hydroxyapatite devoid of natural OPN. OPN is associated with an elevated bone turnover in osteoarthritic bone under experimental conditions. Our data further confirm that osteoclasts secrete OPN into the resorption pit where it may function as a chemokine for subsequent bone formation. We show that α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids have a role in the process of osteoclast differentiation. OPN is one of the proteins that has both of the above sialic residues, hence we propose that de-sialylation can effect osteoclast differentiation in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Luukkonen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, Aapistie 5, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Meeri Hilli
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, Aapistie 5, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Miho Nakamura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, Aapistie 5, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 1010062, Japan
| | - Ilja Ritamo
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Oy, Ratastie 2, 01620, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Leena Valmu
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Oy, Ratastie 2, 01620, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Kyösti Kauppinen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, Aapistie 5, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Tuukkanen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, Aapistie 5, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, Aapistie 5, 90014, Oulu, Finland
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15
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Wang Q, Yao L, Xu K, Jin H, Chen K, Wang Z, Liu Q, Cao Z, kenny J, Liu Y, Tickner J, Xu H, Xu J. Madecassoside inhibits estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis by suppressing RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:380-394. [PMID: 30338925 PMCID: PMC6307845 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common osteolytic disease characterized by excessive osteoclast formation and resultant bone loss, which afflicts millions of patients around the world. Madecassoside (MA), isolated from Centella asiatica, was reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, but its role in osteoporosis treatment has not yet been confirmed. In our study, MA was found to have an inhibitory effect on the RANKL-induced formation and function of OCs in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. These effects were attributed to its ability to suppress the activity of two transcription factors (NFATc1 and c-Fos) indispensable for osteoclast formation, followed by inhibition of the expression of bone resorption-related genes and proteins (Acp5/TRAcP, CTSK, ATP6V0D2/V-ATPase-d2, and integrin β3). Furthermore, we examined the underlying mechanisms and found that MA represses osteoclastogenesis by blocking Ca2+ oscillations and the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. In addition, the therapeutic effect of MA on preventing bone loss in vivo was further confirmed in an ovariectomized mouse model. Therefore, considering its ability to inhibit RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and the underlying mechanisms, MA might be a potential candidate for treating osteolytic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Lingya Yao
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Haiming Jin
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Ziyi Wang
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Qian Liu
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of Biomedical Materials ScienceThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jacob kenny
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Yuhao Liu
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- The Lab of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Huazi Xu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Jiake Xu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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16
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Furuse C, Almeida AF, Costa SF, Ervolino-Silva AC, Okamoto R, Sumida DH, Matsumoto MA, Leite FRM. Influence of weight gain on the modulation of wound healing following tooth extraction. Bone 2018; 114:226-234. [PMID: 29935255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Furuse
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Propedeutics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline F Almeida
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Sidnei F Costa
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Propedeutics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Ervolino-Silva
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Propedeutics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Okamoto
- Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Doris H Sumida
- Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariza A Matsumoto
- Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio R M Leite
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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17
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Lang J, Zhao Q, He Y, Yu X. Bone turnover markers and novel biomarkers in lung cancer bone metastases. Biomarkers 2018; 23:518-526. [PMID: 29683727 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1463566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lung cancer still remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Bone is one of preferred metastatic sites for lung cancer cells. So far, both accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of lung cancer bone metastases are difficult. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to evaluate roles of bone turnover markers (BTMs), microRNAs (miRNAs), dickkopf1 (DKK1) and insulin like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) in lung cancer bone metastases. METHODS We searched articles about these four biomarkers in lung cancer bone metastases mainly in PubMed. RESULT The levels of bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type-I collagen (ICTP) and N-terminal telopeptides of type-I collagen (NTX) were reported to be significantly increased in lung cancer patients with bone metastases. ALP, NTX and bone sialoprotein were thought to be associated with prognosis of lung cancer patients with bone metastases. MiRNA-335, miRNA-33a, miRNA-21, DKK1 and IGFBP-3 were revealed to be novel biomarkers in lung cancer bone metastases. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Current researches have revealed that BTMs, miRNAs, DKK1 and IGFBP-3 may be useful in diagnosis, prognosis evaluation or treatment of lung cancer bone metastases. More studies about these biomarkers in lung cancer bone metastases are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangli Lang
- a Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Qian Zhao
- b Department of General practice , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Yuedong He
- c Department of Gynecology , West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Xijie Yu
- a Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
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18
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Song D, Cao Z, Tickner J, Qiu H, Wang C, Chen K, Wang Z, Guo C, Dong S, Xu J. Poria cocos polysaccharide attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by suppressing NFATc1 activity and phosphorylation of ERK and STAT3. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 647:76-83. [PMID: 29678628 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pathological fractures caused by osteolytic lesions seriously threaten the health of patients. Osteoclasts play important roles in bone resorption whose hyperfunction are closely related to osteolytic lesions. Studies on osteoclast differentiation and function assist in the prevention of excessive bone loss associated diseases. We screened a variety of natural compounds with anti-inflammatory effect and found that poria cocos polysaccharide (PCP) inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption via TRAcP staining, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR and western blot. PCP down-regulated phosphorylation of STAT3, P38, ERK and JNK, and thus repressed the expression of NFAcT1 and c-Fos during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Besides, the expression of bone resorption related genes such as TRAcP and CTSK was suppressed by PCP. The results suggest that PCP can be invoked as a candidate for the treatment of osteolytic diseases by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Song
- Department of Microbiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China; Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Anatomy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Heng Qiu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ziyi Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Chunyu Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning, 530031, Guangxi, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
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19
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Boorsma CE, van der Veen TA, Putri KSS, de Almeida A, Draijer C, Mauad T, Fejer G, Brandsma CA, van den Berge M, Bossé Y, Sin D, Hao K, Reithmeier A, Andersson G, Olinga P, Timens W, Casini A, Melgert BN. A Potent Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase Inhibitor to Study the Function of TRAP in Alveolar Macrophages. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12570. [PMID: 28974738 PMCID: PMC5626781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12623-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP, two isoforms 5a and 5b) is highly expressed in alveolar macrophages, but its function there is unclear and potent selective inhibitors of TRAP are required to assess functional aspects of the protein. We found higher TRAP activity/expression in lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma compared to controls and more TRAP activity in lungs of mice with experimental COPD or asthma. Stimuli related to asthma and/or COPD were tested for their capacity to induce TRAP. Receptor activator of NF-κb ligand (RANKL) and Xanthine/Xanthine Oxidase induced TRAP mRNA expression in mouse macrophages, but only RANKL also induced TRAP activity in mouse lung slices. Several Au(III) coordination compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit TRAP activity and [Au(4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridine)Cl2][PF6] (AubipyOMe) was found to be the most potent inhibitor of TRAP5a and 5b activity reported to date (IC50 1.3 and 1.8 μM respectively). AubipyOMe also inhibited TRAP activity in murine macrophage and human lung tissue extracts. In a functional assay with physiological TRAP substrate osteopontin, AubipyOMe inhibited mouse macrophage migration over osteopontin-coated membranes. In conclusion, higher TRAP expression/activity are associated with COPD and asthma and TRAP is involved in regulating macrophage migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carian E Boorsma
- University of Groningen, Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T Anienke van der Veen
- University of Groningen, Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kurnia S S Putri
- University of Groningen, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christina Draijer
- University of Groningen, Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thais Mauad
- São Paulo University, Department of Pathology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gyorgy Fejer
- University of Plymouth, School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Laval University, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Molecular Medicine, Québec, Canada
| | - Don Sin
- University of British Columbia, James Hogg Research Center, Providence Heart+Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ke Hao
- Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anja Reithmeier
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), H5, Division of Pathology, F46, Karolinska University hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Andersson
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), H5, Division of Pathology, F46, Karolinska University hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Olinga
- University of Groningen, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Casini
- University of Groningen, Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - Barbro N Melgert
- University of Groningen, Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Reithmeier A, Panizza E, Krumpel M, Orre LM, Branca RMM, Lehtiö J, Ek-Rylander B, Andersson G. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP/ACP5) promotes metastasis-related properties via TGFβ2/TβR and CD44 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:650. [PMID: 28915803 PMCID: PMC5602878 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP/ACP5), a metalloenzyme that is characteristic for its expression in activated osteoclasts and in macrophages, has recently gained considerable focus as a driver of metastasis and was associated with clinically relevant parameters of cancer progression and cancer aggressiveness. METHODS MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with different TRAP expression levels (overexpression and knockdown) were generated and characterized for protein expression and activity levels. Functional cell experiments, such as proliferation, migration and invasion assays were performed as well as global phosphoproteomic and proteomic analysis was conducted to connect molecular perturbations to the phenotypic changes. RESULTS We identified an association between metastasis-related properties of TRAP-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and a TRAP-dependent regulation of Transforming growth factor (TGFβ) pathway proteins and Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44). Overexpression of TRAP increased anchorage-independent and anchorage-dependent cell growth and proliferation, induced a more elongated cellular morphology and promoted cell migration and invasion. Migration was increased in the presence of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins osteopontin and fibronectin and the basement membrane proteins collagen IV and laminin I. TRAP-induced properties were reverted upon shRNA-mediated knockdown of TRAP or treatment with the small molecule TRAP inhibitor 5-PNA. Global phosphoproteomics and proteomics analyses identified possible substrates of TRAP phosphatase activity or signaling intermediates and outlined a TRAP-dependent regulation of proteins involved in cell adhesion and ECM organization. Upregulation of TGFβ isoform 2 (TGFβ2), TGFβ receptor type 1 (TβR1) and Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (SMAD2), as well as increased intracellular phosphorylation of CD44 were identified upon TRAP perturbation. Functional antibody-mediated blocking and chemical inhibition demonstrated that TRAP-dependent migration and proliferation is regulated via TGFβ2/TβR, whereas proliferation beyond basal levels is regulated through CD44. CONCLUSION Altogether, TRAP promotes metastasis-related cell properties in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells via TGFβ2/TβR and CD44, thereby identifying a potential signaling mechanism associated to TRAP action in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Reithmeier
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), H5, Division of Pathology, F46, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Panizza
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology (OnkPat), K7, Research Group Janne Lehtiö, Box 1031, 171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Michael Krumpel
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), H5, Division of Pathology, F46, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lukas M. Orre
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology (OnkPat), K7, Research Group Janne Lehtiö, Box 1031, 171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Rui M. M. Branca
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology (OnkPat), K7, Research Group Janne Lehtiö, Box 1031, 171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Janne Lehtiö
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology (OnkPat), K7, Research Group Janne Lehtiö, Box 1031, 171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Barbro Ek-Rylander
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), H5, Division of Pathology, F46, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Andersson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), H5, Division of Pathology, F46, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Halling Linder C, Ek-Rylander B, Krumpel M, Norgård M, Narisawa S, Millán JL, Andersson G, Magnusson P. Bone Alkaline Phosphatase and Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase: Potential Co-regulators of Bone Mineralization. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 101:92-101. [PMID: 28303318 PMCID: PMC5486932 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylated osteopontin (OPN) inhibits hydroxyapatite crystal formation and growth, and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) promotes extracellular mineralization via the release of inorganic phosphate from the mineralization inhibitor inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), produced by osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes, exhibits potent phosphatase activity towards OPN; however, its potential capacity as a regulator of mineralization has not previously been addressed. We compared the efficiency of BALP and TRAP towards the endogenous substrates for BALP, i.e., PPi and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), and their impact on mineralization in vitro via dephosphorylation of bovine milk OPN. TRAP showed higher phosphatase activity towards phosphorylated OPN and PPi compared to BALP, whereas the activity of TRAP and BALP towards PLP was comparable. Bovine milk OPN could be completely dephosphorylated by TRAP, liberating all its 28 phosphates, whereas BALP dephosphorylated at most 10 phosphates. OPN, dephosphorylated by either BALP or TRAP, showed a partially or completely attenuated phosphorylation-dependent inhibitory capacity, respectively, compared to native OPN on the formation of mineralized nodules. Thus, there are phosphorylations in OPN important for inhibition of mineralization that are removed by TRAP but not by BALP. In conclusion, our data indicate that both BALP and TRAP can alleviate the inhibitory effect of OPN on mineralization, suggesting a potential role for TRAP in skeletal mineralization. Further studies are warranted to explore the possible physiological relevance of TRAP in bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Halling Linder
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Barbro Ek-Rylander
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michael Krumpel
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Maria Norgård
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sonoko Narisawa
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Göran Andersson
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Per Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
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22
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Gao YL, Liu MR, Yang SX, Dong YJ, Tan XF. Prognostic significance of ACP5 expression in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2017; 12:1100-1105. [PMID: 28398694 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5 (ACP5), which is essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation, promotes cell motility through the modulation of focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation. This study seeks to elucidate the association of ACP5 expression and the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (AD). METHODS The expression of ACP5 was measured by Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis in lung AD and matched tumor-adjacent tissues, and the χ2 test was applied to analyze the correlation between ACP5 expression and clinicopathologic features. Using the Kaplan-Meier method, univariate and multivariate regression analysis was to explore the correlation between ACP5 expression and overall survival (OS). RESULTS We found that ACP5 was frequently upregulated in lung AD tissues. The high expression of ACP5 was significantly related to lymph node status, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, and differentiation. From the results of univariate survival analysis, it indicated that the patients with high expression of ACP5 expression had a significantly lower OS than the patients with low expression of ACP5 expression. As it showed in Multivariate Cox regression analysis, the high expression of ACP5 expression was an independent prognostic factor for OS. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that high expression of ACP5 correlates with tumor progression and may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in lung AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Gao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061001, China
| | - Mei-Rong Liu
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Shu-Xiang Yang
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Yu-Jin Dong
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, 255020, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Tan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
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23
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Abstract
Renal osteodystrophy is a feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD), with increasing prevalence as CKD progresses. This bone disease is responsible for major morbidity, including fractures, and a deterioration in the quality of life and its sequelae. Circulating biomarkers of renal osteodystrophy typically indicate bone turnover, but not other features of bone, like bone volume, mineralization, quality or strength. Bone turnover can be considered to be primarily a reflection of bone cell activity, in particular that of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Since current treatments for bone disease usually target cellular activity, biomarkers are considered to be able to contribute to the decision-making for treatment and its follow-up. In CKD, one has to consider the impact of a diminished clearance of biomarkers or their altered metabolism, both potentially limiting its clinical use. Here, several aspects of the most frequently used biomarkers of bone turnover are reviewed, with an emphasis on the specific situation represented by CKD. This review is based on the overview lecture at the symposium held in Amsterdam, September 23, 2016: “The Bone In CKD”, organized by the CKD-MBD working group of ERA-EDTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc G Vervloet
- Department of Nephrology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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24
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An J, Briggs TA, Dumax-Vorzet A, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Belot A, Beresford M, Bruce IN, Carvalho C, Chaperot L, Frostegård J, Plumas J, Rice GI, Vyse TJ, Wiedeman A, Crow YJ, Elkon KB. Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase Deficiency in the Predisposition to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 69:131-142. [PMID: 27390188 DOI: 10.1002/art.39810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in the ACP5 gene, which encodes tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), cause the immuno-osseous disorder spondyloenchondrodysplasia, which includes as disease features systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a type I interferon (IFN) signature. Our aims were to identify TRAP substrates, determine the consequences of TRAP deficiency in immune cells, and assess whether ACP5 mutations are enriched in sporadic cases of SLE. METHODS Interaction between TRAP and its binding partners was tested by a yeast 2-hybrid screening, confocal microscopy, and immunoprecipitation/Western blotting. TRAP knockdown was performed using small interfering RNA. Phosphorylation of osteopontin (OPN) was analyzed by mass spectrometry. Nucleotide sequence analysis of ACP5 was performed by Sanger sequencing or next-generation sequencing. RESULTS TRAP and OPN colocalized and interacted in human macrophages and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs). TRAP dephosphorylated 3 serine residues on specific OPN peptides. TRAP knockdown resulted in increased OPN phosphorylation and increased nuclear translocation of IRF7 and P65, with resultant heightened expression of IFN-stimulated genes and IL6 and TNF following Toll-like receptor 9 stimulation. An excess of heterozygous ACP5 missense variants was observed in SLE compared to controls (P = 0.04), and transfection experiments revealed a significant reduction in TRAP activity in a number of variants. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that TRAP and OPN colocalize and that OPN is a substrate for TRAP in human immune cells. TRAP deficiency in PDCs leads to increased IFNα production, providing at least a partial explanation for how ACP5 mutations cause lupus in the context of spondyloenchondrodysplasia. Detection of ACP5 missense variants in a lupus cohort suggests that impaired TRAP functioning may increase susceptibility to sporadic lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie An
- University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Tracy A Briggs
- University of Manchester and St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucía, Granada, Spain, and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City
| | - Alexandre Belot
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, INSERM U1111, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Michael Beresford
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ian N Bruce
- University of Manchester and Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Claudia Carvalho
- Universidade do Porto, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laurence Chaperot
- INSERM U823/UJF/EFS, UGA, INSERM U1209, CNRS 5309, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy of Cancers and Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Joel Plumas
- INSERM U823/UJF/EFS, UGA, INSERM U1209, CNRS 5309, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy of Cancers and Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | - Yanick J Crow
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, and Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Paris, France
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25
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Alonso A, Pulido R. The extended human PTPome: a growing tyrosine phosphatase family. FEBS J 2015; 283:1404-29. [PMID: 26573778 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tyr phosphatases are, by definition, enzymes that dephosphorylate phospho-Tyr (pTyr) from proteins. This activity is found in several structurally diverse protein families, including the protein Tyr phosphatase (PTP), arsenate reductase, rhodanese, haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) and His phosphatase (HP) families. Most of these families include members with substrate specificity for non-pTyr substrates, such as phospho-Ser/phospho-Thr, phosphoinositides, phosphorylated carbohydrates, mRNAs, or inorganic moieties. A Cys is essential for catalysis in PTPs, rhodanese and arsenate reductase enzymes, whereas this work is performed by an Asp in HAD phosphatases and by a His in HPs, via a catalytic mechanism shared by all of the different families. The category that contains most Tyr phosphatases is the PTP family, which, although it received its name from this activity, includes Ser, Thr, inositide, carbohydrate and RNA phosphatases, as well as some inactive pseudophosphatase proteins. Here, we propose an extended collection of human Tyr phosphatases, which we call the extended human PTPome. The addition of new members (SACs, paladin, INPP4s, TMEM55s, SSU72, and acid phosphatases) to the currently categorized PTP group of enzymes means that the extended human PTPome contains up to 125 proteins, of which ~ 40 are selective for pTyr. We set criteria to ascribe proteins to the extended PTPome, and summarize the more important features of the new PTPome members in the context of their phosphatase activity and their relationship with human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Alonso
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rafael Pulido
- Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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26
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Krumpel M, Reithmeier A, Senge T, Baeumler TA, Frank M, Nyholm PG, Ek-Rylander B, Andersson G. The small chemical enzyme inhibitor 5-phenylnicotinic acid/CD13 inhibits cell migration and invasion of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase/ACP5-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2015; 339:154-62. [PMID: 26428664 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP/ACP5/uteroferrin/purple acid phosphatase/PP5) has received considerable attention as a newly discovered proinvasion metastasis driver associated with different malignancies. This renders TRAP an interesting target for novel anti-cancer therapy approaches. TRAP exists as two isoforms, 5a and 5b, where the 5a isoform represents an enzymatically less active monomeric precursor to the more enzymatically active 5b isoform generated by proteolytic excision of a repressive loop domain. Recently, three novel lead compounds were identified by fragment-based screening and demonstrated to be efficient TRAP enzyme inhibitors in vitro. We conclude that one of the three compounds i.e. 5-phenylnicotinic acid (CD13) was efficient as a TRAP inhibitor with Kic values in the low micromolar range towards the TRAP 5b isoform, but was not able to inhibit the TRAP 5a isoform. Structure-based docking revealed similar interactions of CD13 with the active site in both TRAP isoforms. In stably TRAP-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, CD13 inhibited intracellular TRAP activity and showed no cytotoxicity at 200 µM. Furthermore, CD13 selectively blocked the TRAP 5b isoform compared to the TRAP 5a in cultured cells, indicating the usefulness of CD13 for assessing the different biological functions of the two TRAP isoforms 5a and 5b in cell systems. Moreover, inhibition of cell migration and invasion of stably TRAP-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 by CD13 was observed. These data establish a proof of principle that a small chemical inhibitor of the TRAP enzyme can block TRAP-dependent functions in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Krumpel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anja Reithmeier
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Teresa Senge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Toni Andreas Baeumler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Martin Frank
- Biognos AB, PO Box 8963, SE-402 74 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | - Barbro Ek-Rylander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Göran Andersson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ghodke-Puranik Y, Niewold TB. Immunogenetics of systemic lupus erythematosus: A comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2015; 64:125-36. [PMID: 26324017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the genetic basis of systemic lupus erythematosus has progressed rapidly in recent years. While many genetic polymorphisms have been associated with disease susceptibility, the next major step involves integrating these genetic polymorphisms into the molecular mechanisms and cellular immunology of the human disease. In this review, we summarize some recent work in this area, including the genetics of the type I IFN response in SLE, including polygenic and monogenic factors, as well as epigenetic influences. Contributions of both HLA and non-HLA polymorphisms to the complex genetics of SLE are reviewed. We also review recent reports of specific gene deficits leading to monogenic SLE-like syndromes. The molecular functions of common SLE-risk variants are reviewed in depth, including regulatory variations in promoter and enhancer elements and coding-change polymorphisms, and studies which are beginning to define the molecular and cellular functions of these polymorphisms in the immune system. We discuss epigenetic influences on lupus, with an emphasis on micro-RNA expression and binding, as well as epigenetic modifications that regulate the expression levels of various genes involved in SLE pathogenesis and the ways epigenetic marks modify SLE susceptibility genes. The work summarized in this review provides a fascinating window into the biology and molecular mechanisms of human SLE. Understanding the functional mechanisms of causal genetic variants underlying the human disease greatly facilitates our ability to translate genetic associations toward personalized care, and may identify new therapeutic targets relevant to human SLE disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy B Niewold
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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28
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Markers of bone metabolism are affected by renal function and growth hormone therapy in children with chronic kidney disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0113482. [PMID: 25659076 PMCID: PMC4319910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The extent and relevance of altered bone metabolism for statural growth in children with chronic kidney disease is controversial. We analyzed the impact of renal dysfunction and recombinant growth hormone therapy on a panel of serum markers of bone metabolism in a large pediatric chronic kidney disease cohort. Methods Bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP5b), sclerostin and C-terminal FGF-23 (cFGF23) normalized for age and sex were analyzed in 556 children aged 6–18 years with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 10–60 ml/min/1.73m2. 41 children receiving recombinant growth hormone therapy were compared to an untreated matched control group. Results Standardized levels of BAP, TRAP5b and cFGF-23 were increased whereas sclerostin was reduced. BAP was correlated positively and cFGF-23 inversely with eGFR. Intact serum parathormone was an independent positive predictor of BAP and TRAP5b and negatively associated with sclerostin. BAP and TRAP5B were negatively affected by increased C-reactive protein levels. In children receiving recombinant growth hormone, BAP was higher and TRAP5b lower than in untreated controls. Sclerostin levels were in the normal range and higher than in untreated controls. Serum sclerostin and cFGF-23 independently predicted height standard deviation score, and BAP and TRAP5b the prospective change in height standard deviation score. Conclusion Markers of bone metabolism indicate a high-bone turnover state in children with chronic kidney disease. Growth hormone induces an osteoanabolic pattern and normalizes osteocyte activity. The osteocyte markers cFGF23 and sclerostin are associated with standardized height, and the markers of bone turnover predict height velocity.
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Kogawa M, Findlay DM, Anderson PH, Atkins GJ. Modulation of osteoclastic migration by metabolism of 25OH-vitamin D3. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 136:59-61. [PMID: 22989483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We have reported the metabolism of 25(OH) vitamin D3 (25D) into active 1α,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 (1,25D) by osteoclasts derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), RAW 264.7cells or giant cell tumor of bone (GCT), which appears to optimize osteoclast differentiation but inhibit their activity. In this study, to elucidate the mechanism by which 25D reduces osteoclast resorption, we further examined the effect of 25D on osteoclast function by using GCT-derived osteoclasts. 25D treated cells on dentine slices resulted in decreased resorption volume and depth in 3D image analysis. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) has been reported to enhance the dephosphorylation of substrate binding proteins, resulting in reduced osteoclast attachment. Therefore, we next investigated the effect of 25D on cell migration. Treatment of GCT cells with 25D augmented cell migration, as determined by live cell imaging. These observations suggest that 25D metabolism by osteoclasts reduces their resorptive capacity, in part by modifying their surface adhesion and migration properties. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Vitamin D Workshop".
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kogawa
- Bone Cell Biology Group, Discipline of Orthopaedics & Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
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Liu J, Czernick D, Lin SC, Alasmari A, Serge D, Salih E. Novel bioactivity of phosvitin in connective tissue and bone organogenesis revealed by live calvarial bone organ culture models. Dev Biol 2013; 381:256-75. [PMID: 23791550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Egg yolk phosvitin is one of the most highly phosphorylated extracellular matrix proteins known in nature with unique physico-chemical properties deemed to be critical during ex-vivo egg embryo development. We have utilized our unique live mouse calvarial bone organ culture models under conditions which dissociates the two bone remodeling stages, viz., resorption by osteoclasts and formation by osteoblasts, to highlight important and to date unknown critical biological functions of egg phosvitin. In our resorption model live bone cultures were grown in the absence of ascorbate and were stimulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) to undergo rapid osteoclast formation/differentiation with bone resorption. In this resorption model native phosvitin potently inhibited PTH-induced osteoclastic bone resorption with simultaneous new osteoid/bone formation in the absence of ascorbate (vitamin C). These surprising and critical observations were extended using the bone formation model in the absence of ascorbate and in the presence of phosvitin which supported the above results. The results were corroborated by analyses for calcium release or uptake, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity (marker for osteoclasts), alkaline phosphatase activity (marker for osteoblasts), collagen and hydroxyproline composition, and histological and quantitative histomorphometric evaluations. The data revealed that the discovered bioactivity of phosvitin mirrors that of ascorbate during collagen synthesis and the formation of new osteoid/bone. Complementing those studies use of the synthetic collagen peptide analog and cultured calvarial osteoblasts in conjunction with mass spectrometric analysis provided results that augmented the bone organ culture work and confirmed the capacity of phosvitin to stimulate differentiation of osteoblasts, collagen synthesis, hydroxyproline formation, and biomineralization. There are striking implications and interrelationships of this affect that relates to the evolutionary inactivation of the gene of an enzyme L-gulono-γ-lactone oxidase, which is involved in the final step of ascorbate biosynthesis, in many vertebrate species including passeriform birds, reptiles and teleost fish whose egg yolk contain phosvitin. These represent examples of how developing ex-vivo embryos of such species can achieve connective tissue and skeletal system formation in the absence of ascorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess Liu
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Boston University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Anand A, Srivastava PK. A molecular description of acid phosphatase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:2174-97. [PMID: 22684363 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acid phosphatase is ubiquitous in distribution in various organisms. Although it catalyzes simple hydrolytic reactions, it is considered as an interesting enzyme in biological systems due to its involvement in different physiological activities. However, earlier reviews on acid phosphatase reveal some fragmentary information and do not give a holistic view on this enzyme. So, the present review summarizes studies on biochemical properties, structure, catalytic mechanism, and applications of acid phosphatase. Recent advancement of acid phosphatase in agricultural and clinical fields is emphasized where it is presented as potent agent for sustainable agricultural practices and diagnostic marker in bone metabolic disorders. Also, its significance in prostate cancer therapies as a therapeutic target has been discussed. At the end, current studies and prospects of immobilized acid phosphatase are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Anand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Faridoon, Hussein WM, Ul Islam N, Guddat LW, Schenk G, McGeary RP. Penicillin inhibitors of purple acid phosphatase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2555-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Badran Z, Pilet P, Verron E, Bouler JM, Weiss P, Grimandi G, Guicheux J, Soueidan A. Assay of in vitro osteoclast activity on dentine, and synthetic calcium phosphate bone substitutes. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:797-803. [PMID: 22190199 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4534-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Resorption of synthetic bone substitute materials is essential for the integration of these materials into the natural bone remodeling process. Osteoclast behavior in the presence of calcium phosphate bioceramics (CaPB) is partially understood, and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms is expected to facilitate the development of new synthetic bone substitutes to improve bone regeneration. In the present study, our aim was to investigate osteoclastic resorption of various synthetic CaPB. We used neonatal total rabbit bone cells to generate osteoclasts. Osteoclast-generated resorption on dentine and multiple CaPB was investigated by quantifying the surface resorbed and measuring tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) enzyme activity. In this study, we observed that osteoclastic cells responded in a different way to each substrate. Both dentine and CaPB were resorbed but the quantitative results for the surface resorbed and TRAP activity showed a specific response to each substrate and that increased mineral density seemed to inhibit osteoclast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahi Badran
- Osteo-Articular and Dental Tissue Engineering Laboratory LIOAD, Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Surgery, INSERM U791, Nantes, France
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Bissonnette N, Dudemaine P, Thibault C, Robitaille G. Proteomic analysis and immunodetection of the bovine milk osteopontin isoforms. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:567-79. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yang B, Zhou H, Zhang XD, Liu Z, Fan FY, Sun YM. Effect of radiation on the expression of osteoclast marker genes in RAW264.7 cells. Mol Med Rep 2012; 5:955-8. [PMID: 22294242 PMCID: PMC3493054 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer radiation therapy can cause skeletal complications, such as osteopenia and osteoporosis. To understand the mechanism responsible for the skeletal complications, the expression profiles of osteoclast marker genes in RAW264.7 cells were observed. Osteoclast formation was established by RAW264.7 cells that were treated with the receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL) and detected using immunochemistry and morphological observations. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the expression of a panel of osteoclast markers, including the receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), integrin β3 and the calcitonin receptor (CTR). RANKL-induced osteoclasts were TRAP-positive and multinucleated, and displayed a distinct morphology. RANKL-induced osteoclast precursor cells had increased TRAP and RANK expression and decreased CTR expression compared to the control cells not treated with RANKL. RAW264.7 cells irradiated with 2-Gy γ-rays had upregulated integrin β3 and RANK expression and downregulated CTR expression compared to the control RAW264.7 cells. The effect of radiation on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation enhanced the expression of CTR and inhibited the expression of RANK and TRAP. Therefore, radiation damage from 2-Gy γ-rays can promote the activities of osteoclast precursor cells, but not those of osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, PR China
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Thurgood LA, Sørensen ES, Ryall RL. The effect of intracrystalline and surface-bound osteopontin on the degradation and dissolution of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals in MDCKII cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 40:1-15. [PMID: 21932131 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-011-0423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In vivo, urinary crystals are associated with proteins located within the mineral bulk as well as upon their surfaces. Proteins incarcerated within the mineral phase of retained crystals could act as a defence against urolithiasis by rendering them more vulnerable to destruction by intracellular and interstitial proteases. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of intracrystalline and surface-bound osteopontin (OPN) on the degradation and dissolution of urinary calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals in cultured Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. [(14)C]-oxalate-labelled COD crystals with intracrystalline (IC), surface-bound (SB) and IC + SB OPN, were generated from ultrafiltered (UF) urine containing 0, 1 and 5 mg/L human milk OPN and incubated with MDCKII cells, using UF urine as the binding medium. Crystal size and degradation were assessed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and dissolution was quantified by the release of radioactivity into the culture medium. Crystal size decreased directly with OPN concentration. FESEM examination indicated that crystals covered with SB OPN were more resistant to cellular degradation than those containing IC OPN, whose degree of disruption appeared to be related to OPN concentration. Whether bound to the crystal surface or incarcerated within the mineral interior, OPN inhibited crystal dissolution in direct proportion to its concentration. Under physiological conditions OPN may routinely protect against stone formation by inhibiting the growth of COD crystals, which would encourage their excretion in urine and thereby perhaps partly explain why, compared with calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals, COD crystals are more prevalent in urine, but less common in kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Thurgood
- Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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Elkon KB, Stone VV. Type I interferon and systemic lupus erythematosus. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2011; 31:803-12. [PMID: 21859344 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2011.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex systemic autoimmune disease associated with multiple immunologic abnormalities. Prominent among these is upregulation of type I interferon (IFN)?a powerful immune adjuvant. IFN is, in part, produced in SLE in response to autoantigens in the form of self-nucleic acids and their associated nuclear proteins. Sources of these autoantigens include apoptotic and necrotic cells as well as neutrophils undergoing a specific form of cell death called NETosis. Although plasmacytoid dendritic cells are the main producers of IFN-a, other cells are important regulators of this process. Both genetic and environmental risk factors play a role in the development and pathogenesis of SLE. Further highlighting the importance of IFN, candidate gene and genome-wide association studies have identified a number of genes involved in type I IFN pathways associated with SLE. In this review, 3 monogenic deficiencies that result in lupus-like phenotypes and several polygenic variants that have been consistently associated with SLE are highlighted, and the relationship of these genes to IFN-a production is discussed. Clinical associations of the type I IFN pathway and the use of IFN-blocking agents as therapeutic agents in SLE are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith B Elkon
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
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Lausch E, Janecke A, Bros M, Trojandt S, Alanay Y, De Laet C, Hübner CA, Meinecke P, Nishimura G, Matsuo M, Hirano Y, Tenoutasse S, Kiss A, Machado Rosa RF, Unger SL, Renella R, Bonafé L, Spranger J, Unger S, Zabel B, Superti-Furga A. Genetic deficiency of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase associated with skeletal dysplasia, cerebral calcifications and autoimmunity. Nat Genet 2011; 43:132-7. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ek-Rylander B, Andersson G. Osteoclast migration on phosphorylated osteopontin is regulated by endogenous tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:443-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Janckila AJ, Yam LT. Biology and clinical significance of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatases: new perspectives on an old enzyme. Calcif Tissue Int 2009; 85:465-83. [PMID: 19915788 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-009-9309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 5 tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) has been a clinically relevant biomarker for about 50 years. It has always been a reliable and specific cytochemical marker for hairy cell leukemia and for differentiated cells of monocytic lineage. Only recently has the test for serum TRAP activity been accepted as sensitive and specific enough for clinical use as a marker of osteoclasts and bone resorption. This has come about through steady advances in knowledge about TRAP enzymology, structure, function, and molecular regulation and a consequent appreciation that TRAP isoforms 5a and 5b have very different clinical significance. As a measure of osteoclast number and bone resorption, TRAP 5b has diagnostic and prognostic applications in osteoporosis, cancers with bone metastasis, chronic renal failure, and perhaps other metabolic and pathologic bone diseases. Serum TRAP 5a, on the other hand, has no relationship to bone metabolism but seems instead to be a measure of activated macrophages and chronic inflammation. Exploration of the real clinical usefulness of serum TRAP 5a for diagnosis and disease management in a wide variety of chronic inflammatory diseases is only now beginning. This perspective traces the important basic scientific developments that have led up to the refinement of serum TRAP isoform immunoassays and their validation as biomarkers of disease. Many unanswered questions remain, providing a wealth of opportunity for continued research of this multifaceted enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Janckila
- Special Hematology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 800 Zorn Ave., Louisville, KY 40206, USA.
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Induction and cellular expression of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase during dextran sodium sulphate induced colitis in rats. Histochem Cell Biol 2009; 132:599-612. [PMID: 19821118 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-009-0647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular and molecular expression of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) as a marker of activated macrophages in macrophage dependent dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats. In normal colon, TRAP+/CX(3)CR(1)+ macrophages were located in the upper part of the lamina propria. In the early stage (day 1-3) of acute colitis prior to histopathological changes, induction of the cytokines TNFalpha, IL-12 and IFN gamma occurred concomitant with increased mRNA and enzyme activity of TRAP along with a slight increase of TRAP immunolabelling in macrophages of the upper lamina propria, suggesting induction of TRAP in resident macrophages. Among these cytokines, TNFalpha up-regulated TRAP expression in the RAW 264.7 monocyte/macrophage cell line. In a later phase (day 7) with fulminant colitis, a massive infiltration of macrophages including recruited TRAP+/CCR2+ cells was observed also in the lower part of the lamina propria as well as in the submuscular layer. Additionally, differentiated cellular expression of pro- and mature TRAP also suggest that mucosal macrophages in the lower part of lamina propria bordering the sub-mucosa provide a source of replenishment of macrophages situated in the upper lamina propria. In conclusion, induction of TRAP provides an early sign of macrophage responsiveness in DSS induced colitis.
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Curtin P, McHugh KP, Zhou HY, Flückiger R, Goldhaber P, Oppenheim FG, Salih E. Modulation of bone resorption by phosphorylation state of bone sialoprotein. Biochemistry 2009; 48:6876-86. [PMID: 19518132 PMCID: PMC2748923 DOI: 10.1021/bi900066b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have determined transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphorylation (outside-in signaling) in cultured osteoclasts and macrophages in response to added native purified bone sialoprotein (nBSP) and its dephosphorylated form (dBSP). There were selective/differential and potent inhibitory effects by dBSP and minimal effect by nBSP on intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation in macrophages and osteoclasts. Further studies on the downstream gene expression effects led to identification of a large number of differentially expressed genes in response to nBSP relative to dBSP in both macrophages and osteoclasts. These studies were extended to a bone resorption model using live mouse neonatal calvarial bone organ cultures stimulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) to undergo bone resorption. Inclusion of nBSP in such cultures showed no effect on type I collagen telopeptide fragment release, hence overall bone resorption, whereas addition of dBSP abolished the PTH-induced bone resorption. The inhibition of bone resorption by dBSP was shown to be unique since in complementary experiments use of integrin receptor binding ligand, GRGDS peptide, offered only partial reduction on overall bone resorption. Quantitative RANKL analysis indicated that mechanistically the PTH-induced bone resorption was inhibited by dBSP via down-regulation of the osteoblastic RANKL production. This conclusion was supported by the RANKL analysis in cultured MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. Overall, these studies provided direct evidence for the involvement of covalently bound phosphates on BSP in receptor mediated "outside-in" signaling via transmembrane tyrosine phosphorylation with concurrent effects on downstream gene expressions. The use of a live bone organ culture system augmented these results with further evidence that links the observed in vivo variable state of phosphorylation with bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Curtin
- Laboratory for the Study of Skeletal Disorders and Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedic Research, Harvard Medical School and Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Lång P, van Harmelen V, Rydén M, Kaaman M, Parini P, Carneheim C, Cassady AI, Hume DA, Andersson G, Arner P. Monomeric tartrate resistant acid phosphatase induces insulin sensitive obesity. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1713. [PMID: 18320034 PMCID: PMC2248616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue, which may link adipose inflammation to insulin resistance. However, the impact of inflammatory cells in the pathophysiology of obesity remains unclear. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is an enzyme expressed by subsets of macrophages and osteoclasts that exists either as an enzymatically inactive monomer or as an active, proteolytically processed dimer. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using mice over expressing TRAP, we show that over-expression of monomeric, but not the dimeric form in adipose tissue leads to early onset spontaneous hyperplastic obesity i.e. many small fat cells. In vitro, recombinant monomeric, but not proteolytically processed TRAP induced proliferation and differentiation of mouse and human adipocyte precursor cells. In humans, monomeric TRAP was highly expressed in the adipose tissue of obese individuals. In both the mouse model and in the obese humans the source of TRAP in adipose tissue was macrophages. In addition, the obese TRAP over expressing mice exhibited signs of a low-grade inflammatory reaction in adipose tissue without evidence of abnormal adipocyte lipolysis, lipogenesis or insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSION Monomeric TRAP, most likely secreted from adipose tissue macrophages, induces hyperplastic obesity with normal adipocyte lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Lång
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Vanessa van Harmelen
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Maria Kaaman
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - A. Ian Cassady
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - David A. Hume
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - Göran Andersson
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
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Esfandiari E, Bailey M, Stokes CR, Cox TM, Evans MJ, Hayman AR. TRACP Influences Th1 pathways by affecting dendritic cell function. J Bone Miner Res 2006; 21:1367-76. [PMID: 16939395 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.060611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED TRACP, a marker of osteoclasts, is also expressed by cells of the immune system. We identified a novel function for TRACP in the dendritic cell. DCs from TRACP knockout mice have impaired maturation and trigger reduced Th1 responses in vivo. We postulate that TRACP has an important role in the presentation of antigens to T cells. INTRODUCTION TRACP is highly expressed by osteoclasts, activated macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs). Knockout mice lacking TRACP have an intrinsic defect in osteoclastic resorption and macrophages that display abnormal immunomodulatory responses and cytokine secretion profiles. Our aim in this study was to investigate the significance of TRACP in the inductive phase of the immune response by examining dendritic cells from TRACP(-/-) mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Maturational state and function of leukocyte subsets in mice was assessed by flow cytometry. The ability of the immune system to respond to nonspecific activation and to specific antigen was assessed by delayed type hypersensitivity and the presence of isotype-specific serum antibody in vivo and T-cell proliferation and cytokine production in vitro. RESULTS The ability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to upregulate MHC II and CD80 in DCs from TRACP(-/-) mice was reduced compared with wildtype mice, although production of IL-10 by DCs from TRACP-deficient animals was increased. T- and B-cell responses not involving antigen presentation (anti-CD3, TNP-ficoll) were normal in TRACP(-/-) mice, but responses to T-dependent antigens were impaired. Specifically, TRACP(-/-) mice had defective delayed hypersensitivity responses to picryl chloride and reduced proliferative responses to ovalbumin compared with wildtype mice. In response to ovalbumin, but not anti-CD3, T cells from TRACP(-/-) mice produced less interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), but there was no difference in IL-4 production: TRACP(-/-) mice also produced less ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgG2a after immunization. CONCLUSIONS The finding that DCs from TRACP(-/-) mice have impaired maturation and defective Th1 responses shows that TRACP is important for polarizing responses in naïve T cells to antigen-presented dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsanollah Esfandiari
- School of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Kirstein B, Chambers TJ, Fuller K. Secretion of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase by osteoclasts correlates with resorptive behavior. J Cell Biochem 2006; 98:1085-94. [PMID: 16475168 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
There have been dramatic advances recently in our understanding of the regulation of osteoclastic differentiation. However, much less is known of the mechanisms responsible for the induction and modulation of resorptive behavior. We have developed a strategy whereby osteoclasts can be generated in vitro and released into suspension in a fully-functional state. We now exploit this approach to show that tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is released by osteoclasts during bone resorption. TRAP release was inhibited by the secretion-inhibitor Brefeldin A, and was not accompanied by LDH release. This suggests that TRAP release is due to secretion, rather than cell death. Consistent with this, TRAP secretion was stimulated by resorbogenic cytokines, was inhibited by the resorption-inhibitor calcitonin, and correlated with excavation of the bone surface. We found that, in contrast to incubation on bone, incubation on plastic, glass, or vitronectin-coated plastic substrates did not induce secretion of TRAP. This suggests that the induction of resorptive behavior in osteoclasts depends upon stimulation by bone matrix of a putative osteoclastic "mineral receptor." Release of TRAP by osteoclasts thus represents not only a productive approach to the analysis of the mechanisms that modulate the rate of resorptive activity, but also a system whereby the mechanism through which bone substrates induce resorptive behavior can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrie Kirstein
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
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Christensen B, Nielsen M, Haselmann K, Petersen T, Sørensen E. Post-translationally modified residues of native human osteopontin are located in clusters: identification of 36 phosphorylation and five O-glycosylation sites and their biological implications. Biochem J 2005; 390:285-92. [PMID: 15869464 PMCID: PMC1184582 DOI: 10.1042/bj20050341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OPN (osteopontin) is an integrin-binding highly phosphorylated glycoprotein, recognized as a key molecule in a multitude of biological processes such as bone mineralization, cancer metastasis, cell-mediated immune response, inflammation and cell survival. A significant regulation of OPN function is mediated through PTM (post-translational modification). Using a combination of Edman degradation and MS analyses, we have characterized the complete phosphorylation and glycosylation pattern of native human OPN. A total of 36 phosphoresidues have been localized in the sequence of OPN. There are 29 phosphorylations (Ser8, Ser10, Ser11, Ser46, Ser47, Thr50, Ser60, Ser62, Ser65, Ser83, Ser86, Ser89, Ser92, Ser104, Ser110, Ser113, Thr169, Ser179, Ser208, Ser218, Ser238, Ser247, Ser254, Ser259, Ser264, Ser275, Ser287, Ser292 and Ser294) located in the target sequence of MGCK (mammary gland casein kinase) also known as the Golgi kinase (S/T-X-E/S(P)/D). Six phosphorylations (Ser101, Ser107, Ser175, Ser199, Ser212 and Ser251) are located in the target sequence of CKII (casein kinase II) [S-X-X-E/S(P)/D] and a single phosphorylation, Ser203, is not positioned in the motif of either MGCK or CKII. The 36 phosphoresidues represent the maximal degree of modification since variability at many sites was seen. Five threonine residues are O-glycosylated (Thr118, Thr122, Thr127, Thr131 and Thr136) and two potential sites for N-glycosylation (Asn63 and Asn90) are not occupied in human milk OPN. The phosphorylations are arranged in clusters of three to five phosphoresidues and the regions containing the glycosylations and the RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) integrin-binding sequence are devoid of phosphorylations. Knowledge about the positions and nature of PTMs in OPN will allow a rational experimental design of functional studies aimed at understanding the structural and functional interdependences in diverse biological processes in which OPN is a key molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Christensen
- *Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Science Park, University of Aarhus, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mette S. Nielsen
- *Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Science Park, University of Aarhus, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kim F. Haselmann
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Torben E. Petersen
- *Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Science Park, University of Aarhus, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Esben S. Sørensen
- *Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Science Park, University of Aarhus, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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48
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Funhoff EG, de Jongh TE, Averill BA. Direct observation of multiple protonation states in recombinant human purple acid phosphatase. J Biol Inorg Chem 2005; 10:550-63. [PMID: 16096803 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-005-0001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2004] [Accepted: 05/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To date, most spectroscopic studies on mammalian purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) have been performed at a single pH, typically pH 5. The catalytic activity of these enzymes is, however, pH dependent, with optimal pH values of 5.5-6.2 (depending on the form). For example, the pH optimum of PAPs isolated as single polypeptides is around pH 5.5, which is substantially lower that of proteolytically cleaved PAPs (ca. pH 6.2). In addition, the catalytic activity of single polypeptide PAPs at their optimal pH values is four to fivefold lower than that of the proteolytically cleaved enzymes. In order to elucidate the chemical basis for the pH dependence of these enzymes, the spectroscopic properties of both the single polypeptide and proteolytically cleaved forms of recombinant human PAP (recHPAP) and their complexes with inhibitory anions have been examined over the pH range 4 to 8. The EPR spectra of both forms of recHPAP are pH dependent and show the presence of three species: an inactive low pH form (pH<pK( a,1)), an active form (pK( a,1)<pH<pK( a,2)), and an inactive high pH form (pH>pK( a,2)). The pK( a,1) values observed by EPR for the single polypeptide and proteolytically cleaved forms are similar to those previously observed in kinetics studies. The spectroscopic properties of the enzyme-phosphate complex (which should mimic the enzyme-substrate complex), the enzyme-fluoride complex, and the enzyme-fluoride-phosphate complex (which should mimic the ternary enzyme-substrate-hydroxide complex) were also examined. EPR spectra show that phosphate binds to the diiron center of the proteolytically cleaved form of the enzyme, but not to that of the single polypeptide form. EPR spectra also show that fluoride binds only to the low pH form of the enzymes, in which it presumably replaces a coordinated water molecule. The binding of fluoride and phosphate to form a ternary complex appears to be cooperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico G Funhoff
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Plantage Muidergracht 12, 1018 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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49
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Funhoff EG, Wang Y, Andersson G, Averill BA. Substrate positioning by His92 is important in catalysis by purple acid phosphatase. FEBS J 2005; 272:2968-77. [PMID: 15955057 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04686.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Proteolysis of single polypeptide mammalian purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) results in the loss of an interaction between the loop residue Asp146 and the active site residues Asn91 and/or His92. While Asn91 is a ligand to the divalent metal of the mixed-valent di-iron center, the role of His92 in the catalytic mechanism is unknown. Site-directed mutagenesis of His92 was performed to examine the role of this residue in single polypeptide PAP. Conversion of His92 into Ala, which eliminates polar interactions of this residue with the active site, resulted in a 10-fold decrease in catalytic activity at the optimal pH. Conversely, conversion of this residue into Asn, which cannot function as either a proton donor or acceptor, but can provide hydrogen-bonding interactions, resulted in a three-fold increase in activity at the optimal pH. Both mutant enzymes had more acidic pH optima, with pK(es,1) values consistent with the involvement of an iron(III) hydroxide unit or a hydroxide in the second coordination sphere in catalysis. These results, together with EPR data, support a role of His92 in positioning either the nucleophile or the substrate, rather than directly in acid or base catalysis. The existence of an extensive hydrogen-bonding network that could fine-tune the position of His92 is consistent with this proposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico G Funhoff
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
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50
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Ljusberg J, Wang Y, Lång P, Norgård M, Dodds R, Hultenby K, Ek-Rylander B, Andersson G. Proteolytic Excision of a Repressive Loop Domain in Tartrate-resistant Acid Phosphatase by Cathepsin K in Osteoclasts. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:28370-81. [PMID: 15929988 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m502469200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is a metallophosphoesterase participating in osteoclast-mediated bone turnover. Activation of TRAP is associated with the redox state of the di-iron metal center as well as with limited proteolytic cleavage in an exposed loop domain. The cysteine proteinases cathepsin B, L, K, and S as well as the matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9, -13, and -14 are expressed by osteoclasts and/or other bone cells and have been implicated in the turnover of bone and cartilage. To identify proteases that could act as activators of TRAP in bone, we report here that cathepsins K and L, in contrast to the matrix metalloproteinases, efficiently cleaved and activated recombinant TRAP in vitro. Activation of TRAP by cathepsin K/L was because of increases in catalytic activity, substrate affinity, and sensitivity to reductants. Processing by cathepsin K occurred sequentially by an initial excision of the loop peptide Gly(143)-Gly(160) followed by the removal of a Val(161)-Ala(162) dipeptide at the N terminus of the C-terminal 16-kDa TRAP subunit. Cathepsin L initially released a shorter Gln(151)-Gly(160) peptide and completed processing at Ser(145) or Gly(143) at the C terminus of the N-terminal 23-kDa TRAP subunit and at Arg(163) at the N terminus of the C-terminal 16-kDa TRAP subunit. Mutation of Ser(145) to Ala partly mimicked the effect of proteolysis on catalytic activity, identifying Ser(145) as well as Asp(146) (Funhoff, E. G., Ljusberg, J., Wang, Y., Andersson, G., and Averill, B. A. (2001) Biochemistry 40, 11614-11622) as repressive amino acids of the loop region to maintain the TRAP enzyme in a catalytically latent state. The C-terminal sequence of TRAP isolated from rat bone was consistent with cathepsin K-mediated processing in vivo. Moreover, cathepsin K, but not cathepsin L, co-localized with TRAP in osteoclast-resorptive compartments, supporting a role for cathepsin K in the extracellular processing of monomeric TRAP in the resorption lacuna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ljusberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Divisions of Pathology and Clinical Research Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
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