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Chmykh Y, Nadeau JL. The use of fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) for in situ microbial detection in complex mineral substrates. J Microsc 2024; 294:36-51. [PMID: 38230460 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The utility of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) for identifying bacteria in complex mineral matrices was investigated. Baseline signals from unlabelled Bacillus subtilis and Euglena gracilis, and Bacillus subtilis labelled with SYTO 9 were obtained using two-photon excitation at 730, 750 and 800 nm, identifying characteristic lifetimes of photosynthetic pigments, unpigmented cellular autofluorescence, and SYTO 9. Labelled and unlabelled B. subtilis were seeded onto marble and gypsum samples containing endolithic photosynthetic cyanobacteria and the ability to distinguish cells from mineral autofluorescence and nonspecific dye staining was examined in parallel with ordinary multichannel confocal imaging. It was found that FLIM enabled discrimination of SYTO 9 labelled cells from background, but that the lifetime of SYTO 9 was shorter in cells on minerals than in pure culture under our conditions. Photosynthetic microorganisms were easily observed using both FLIM and confocal. Unlabelled, nonpigmented bacteria showed weak signals that were difficult to distinguish from background when minerals were present, though cellular autofluorescence consistent with NAD(P)H could be seen in pure cultures, and phasor analysis permitted detection on rocks. Gypsum and marble samples showed similar autofluorescence profiles, with little autofluorescence in the yellow-to-red range. Lifetime or time-gated imaging may prove a useful tool for environmental microbiology. LAY DESCRIPTION: The standard method of bacterial enumeration is to label the cells with a fluorescent dye and count them under high-power fluorescence microscopy. However, this can be difficult when the cells are embedded in soil and rock due to fluorescence from the surrounding minerals and dye binding to ambiguous features of the substrate. The use of fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) can disambiguate these signals and allow for improved detection of bacteria in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekaterina Chmykh
- Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jay L Nadeau
- Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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2
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Almohammed S, Fularz A, Kanoun MB, Goumri-Said S, Aljaafari A, Rodriguez BJ, Rice JH. Structural Transition-Induced Raman Enhancement in Bioinspired Diphenylalanine Peptide Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:12504-12514. [PMID: 35254049 PMCID: PMC8931724 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting materials are increasingly proposed as alternatives to noble metal nanomaterials to enhance Raman scattering. We demonstrate that bioinspired semiconducting diphenylalanine peptide nanotubes annealed through a reported structural transition can support Raman detection of 10-7 M concentrations for a range of molecules including mononucleotides. The enhancement is attributed to the introduction of electronic states below the conduction band that facilitate charge transfer to the analyte molecule. These results show that organic semiconductor-based materials can serve as platforms for enhanced Raman scattering for chemical sensing. As the sensor is metal-free, the enhancement is achieved without the introduction of electromagnetic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Almohammed
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Conway
Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College,
Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Agata Fularz
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Mohammed Benali Kanoun
- Department
of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal
University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Souraya Goumri-Said
- Physics
Department, College of Science and General Studies, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Aljaafari
- Department
of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal
University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian J. Rodriguez
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Conway
Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College,
Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - James H. Rice
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
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3
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Ximendes E, Martín Rodríguez E, Ortgies DH, Tan M, Chen G, Del Rosal B. Nanoparticles for In Vivo Lifetime Multiplexed Imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2350:239-251. [PMID: 34331289 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1593-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lifetime multiplexed imaging refers to the simultaneous labeling of different structures with fluorescent probes that present identical photoluminescence spectra and distinct fluorescence lifetimes. This technique allows extracting quantitative information from multichannel in vivo fluorescence imaging. In vivo lifetime multiplexed imaging requires fluorophores with excitation and emission bands in the near-infrared (NIR) and tunable fluorescence lifetimes, plus an imaging system capable of time-resolved image acquisition and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erving Ximendes
- Nanomaterials for BioImaging Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- Nanomaterials for BioImaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Martín Rodríguez
- Nanomaterials for BioImaging Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dirk H Ortgies
- Nanomaterials for BioImaging Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- Nanomaterials for BioImaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Meiling Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Guanying Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Blanca Del Rosal
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
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4
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Panigrahi SK, Mishra AK. Total Emission Time Resolved Decay: a Method for Measurement and Resolution of Broad-Band Emission. J Fluoresc 2020; 30:1085-1094. [PMID: 32632718 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This article reports a time-resolved fluorescence data acquisition technique termed as "Total Emission Time Resolved Decay" (TETRD). TETRD is recorded by using zero-order diffraction of emission grating in TCSPC instrument. TETRD decay curve has entire wavelength dependent decay information buried in it. Cut-off filters are used to avoid scattering contamination. Two existing approaches are used for analysing the interconnected TETRD data. (i) First, global analysis: for discretely decaying multiple components, TETRD dataset is analyzed using global analysis. The normalized pre-exponentials (αi) and relative amplitudes (fi) recovered from global analysis reflect the individual component emission more faithfully and resembles with steady-state spectral data as well. (ii) Second, stretched exponential fitting (StrEF): for continuous lifetime distribution systems, StrEF (I(t) = I0 exp[-(t/τ)1/h]) has been used to analyse TETRD data. The average lifetime (τ) of StrEF matches well with the average lifetime of multi-exponential fitting, the heterogeneity factor (h) of StrEF is an additional parameter, which informs about local heterogeneity in the system. It is shown that the lifetimes obtained with TETRD matches well with the lifetimes obtained using conventional time resolved emission spectra (TRES). TETRD holds advantage in rapid data acquisition and facilitates inclusion of another variable (like concentration, solvent composition, pH, excitation wavelength etc.) into experimental design. Further, with the use of an appropriate data analysis tool, the multi-component decay profiles can be resolved conveniently.
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5
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Singh P, Sahoo GR, Pradhan A. Spatio-temporal map for early cancer detection: Proof of concept. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700181. [PMID: 29411946 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A spatio-temporal map of human cervical tissue is obtained from time-resolved fluorescence images with the dynamic contrast enhanced through principal component analysis (PCA) for clear demarcation of regions of normal and pre-cancerous conditions. Changes in the properties of fluorescence in different environments are captured through fluorescence lifetime maps in the human cervical tissue sample. The correlation embodied in the second principal component (PC) representing sectorial information free of background of the first PC, segregates fluorescence activities, as illustrated in the PC maps. It significantly enhances the contrast of the images which are majorly handicapped by the variations in fluorophore environment. The result is validated on phantoms, mimicking the changes in the environment of normal and abnormal tissues. This spatio-temporal map illustrates the potential of time resolved auto-fluorescence imaging of cervical tissue in combination with PCA to clearly demarcate normal and abnormal regions with enhanced contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Singh
- Department of Physics, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | | | - Asima Pradhan
- Department of Physics, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, India
- Center for Laser and Photonics, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, India
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6
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Warren SC, Nobis M, Magenau A, Mohammed YH, Herrmann D, Moran I, Vennin C, Conway JR, Mélénec P, Cox TR, Wang Y, Morton JP, Welch HC, Strathdee D, Anderson KI, Phan TG, Roberts MS, Timpson P. Removing physiological motion from intravital and clinical functional imaging data. eLife 2018; 7:35800. [PMID: 29985127 PMCID: PMC6037484 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy can provide unique insights into the function of biological processes in a native context. However, physiological motion caused by peristalsis, respiration and the heartbeat can present a significant challenge, particularly for functional readouts such as fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), which require longer acquisition times to obtain a quantitative readout. Here, we present and benchmark Galene, a versatile multi-platform software tool for image-based correction of sample motion blurring in both time resolved and conventional laser scanning fluorescence microscopy data in two and three dimensions. We show that Galene is able to resolve intravital FLIM-FRET images of intra-abdominal organs in murine models and NADH autofluorescence of human dermal tissue imaging subject to a wide range of physiological motions. Thus, Galene can enable FLIM imaging in situations where a stable imaging platform is not always possible and rescue previously discarded quantitative imaging data. Understanding how molecules and cells behave in living animals can give researchers key insights into what goes wrong in diseases such as cancer, and how well potential treatments for these diseases work. A number of tools help us to see these processes. For example, fluorescent ‘biosensors’ change colour to tell us how active a particular protein is. This can indicate how well a drug works in different parts of a tumour. High resolution microscopy makes it possible to image events happening in single cells, or even specific parts of a cell. However, small movements like those due to the heartbeat or breathing can blur the images, making it difficult to study living animals. This is particularly problematic for images that take several minutes to capture. Warren et al. have now developed a new open source software tool called Galene. The tool can correct for small movements in images collected by a technique called fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). As a result, clear images can be captured in situations that were not previously possible. For example, Warren et al. watched cancer cells migrating to the liver of a mouse from the spleen over 24 hours, and, using a fluorescent biosensor, showed that a repurposed drug interferes with how well the cells can attach to the liver. In addition, Warren et al. used the software to take steady 3D images of human skin in a volunteer’s arm, which could be used to study drug penetration. Galene could help researchers to study a wide range of biological processes in living animals. The software can also be applied to existing data to clean up blurred images. In the future Galene could be further developed to work with the imaging techniques used during surgery. For example, surgeons could use it to help them find the edges of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Warren
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Max Nobis
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Astrid Magenau
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yousuf H Mohammed
- Therapeutics Research Centre, Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Imogen Moran
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claire Vennin
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - James Rw Conway
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pauline Mélénec
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas R Cox
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | | | - Heidi Ce Welch
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kurt I Anderson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tri Giang Phan
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael S Roberts
- Therapeutics Research Centre, Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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7
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Nam HS, Kang WJ, Lee MW, Song JW, Kim JW, Oh WY, Yoo H. Multispectral analog-mean-delay fluorescence lifetime imaging combined with optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:1930-1947. [PMID: 29675330 PMCID: PMC5905935 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiological progression of chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis and cancer, is closely related to compositional changes in biological tissues containing endogenous fluorophores such as collagen, elastin, and NADH, which exhibit strong autofluorescence under ultraviolet excitation. Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) provides robust detection of the compositional changes by measuring fluorescence lifetime, which is an inherent property of a fluorophore. In this paper, we present a dual-modality system combining a multispectral analog-mean-delay (AMD) FLIm and a high-speed swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) to simultaneously visualize the cross-sectional morphology and biochemical compositional information of a biological tissue. Experiments using standard fluorescent solutions showed that the fluorescence lifetime could be measured with a precision of less than 40 psec using the multispectral AMD-FLIm without averaging. In addition, we performed ex vivo imaging on rabbit iliac normal-looking and atherosclerotic specimens to demonstrate the feasibility of the combined FLIm-OCT system for atherosclerosis imaging. We expect that the combined FLIm-OCT will be a promising next-generation imaging technique for diagnosing atherosclerosis and cancer due to the advantages of the proposed label-free high-precision multispectral lifetime measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Soo Nam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04673, South Korea
- Equally contributed to this study
| | - Woo Jae Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Gwahang-no, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Equally contributed to this study
| | - Min Woo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04673, South Korea
| | - Joon Woo Song
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, South Korea
| | - Wang-Yuhl Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Gwahang-no, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hongki Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04673, South Korea
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8
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Kanakaraj BN, Narayanan Unni S. Model-based quantitative optical biopsy in multilayer in vitro soft tissue models for whole field assessment of nonmelanoma skin cancer. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2018; 5:014506. [PMID: 29594182 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.5.1.014506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical techniques such as fluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy are proven to have the potential to provide tissue discrimination during the development of malignancies and hence treated as potential tools for noninvasive optical biopsy in clinical diagnostics. Quantitative optical biopsy is challenging and hence the majority of the existing strategies are based on a qualitative assessment of the concerned tissue. Light-tissue interaction models as well as precise optical phantoms can greatly help in the former and here we present a pilot study to assess the optical properties of a multilayer tissue-specific optical phantom with the help of a database generated using multilayer-Monte Carlo (MCML) models. A set of optical models mimicking the properties of actual and diseased conditions of tissues associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) were devised and MCML simulations of fluorescence and diffuse reflectance were performed on these models to generate the spectral signature of identified biomarkers of NMSC such as hemoglobin, flavin adenine dinucleotide, and collagen. A model library was generated and with the extracted features from modeled spectra, classification of normal and NMSC conditions were tested using the [Formula: see text]-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier. Using an in-house assembled scan-based automated bimodal spectral imaging system with reflectance and fluorescence modalities of operation, a layered, thin, tissue equivalent phantom, fabricated with controlled optical properties mimicking normal and NMSC conditions were tested. The spectral signatures corresponding to the NMSC biomarkers were acquired from this phantom and extracted features from the spectra were tested using the KNN classifier and classification accuracy of 100% was achieved. For further quantitative analysis, the experimental and simulated spectra were compared with respect to the light intensity at the emission peak or absorption dips, spectral line width, and average intensity over a range of wavelength of interest and observed to be analogous within specified and systematic error limits. This methodology is expected to give a better quantitative approach for estimation of tissue properties by correlating the experimental and simulated data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala Nivetha Kanakaraj
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Applied Mechanics, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sujatha Narayanan Unni
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Applied Mechanics, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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9
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Shuaib A, Kokaj J, Makdisi Y, Pichler G, Husain A, Asfar S. Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy as a Guidance Tool for Laser Lithotripsy of Gallbladder Stones. Photomed Laser Surg 2017; 35:498-504. [PMID: 28727952 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2017.4271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although laser lithotripsy for fragmentation of gallbladder stones has been applied successfully in many clinical situations, this approach has two major limitations: (1) the potential to damage or perforate the bile duct and (2) the efficiency can be affected by the chemical composition of the gallstones. The present study evaluated the use of time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy to classify stone types and distinguish stone from tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ex vivo time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence analysis (excitation wavelength λex = 400 nm and emission wavelength = 450-700 nm) of 54 gallbladder stones and seven gallbladder tissue samples was conducted. The spectral and temporal parameters were analyzed using linear discrimination analysis (LDA) to differentiate stone from tissue and to classify different stone types using two wavelength regions (λ1 = 510-530 nm and λ2 = 550-570 nm). RESULTS Examination of 54 gallbladder stones and seven gallbladder tissue samples showed a significant difference in spectral- and temporal-derived parameters. The data were classified using LDA, and the overall accuracy was 94.88%, 84.39%, and 85.79% for both spectral and temporal parameters, only spectral parameters, and only temporal parameters, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings establish the feasibility of using time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy as a tool to identify gallbladder stone types and as a stone-tissue detection system to improve the effectiveness of laser lithotripsy procedures and reduce the risk of damaging biliary tract tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shuaib
- 1 Biomedical Engineering Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University , Kuwait
| | - Jahja Kokaj
- 2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University , Kuwait
| | - Yacoub Makdisi
- 2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University , Kuwait
| | - Goran Pichler
- 2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University , Kuwait
| | - Abdullah Husain
- 3 Department of Surgery, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital , Jabirya, Kuwait
| | - Sami Asfar
- 3 Department of Surgery, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital , Jabirya, Kuwait .,4 Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University , Kuwait
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10
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Vinegoni C, Fumene Feruglio P, Brand C, Lee S, Nibbs AE, Stapleton S, Shah S, Gryczynski I, Reiner T, Mazitschek R, Weissleder R. Measurement of drug-target engagement in live cells by two-photon fluorescence anisotropy imaging. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:1472-1497. [PMID: 28686582 PMCID: PMC5928516 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability to directly image and quantify drug-target engagement and drug distribution with subcellular resolution in live cells and whole organisms is a prerequisite to establishing accurate models of the kinetics and dynamics of drug action. Such methods would thus have far-reaching applications in drug development and molecular pharmacology. We recently presented one such technique based on fluorescence anisotropy, a spectroscopic method based on polarization light analysis and capable of measuring the binding interaction between molecules. Our technique allows the direct characterization of target engagement of fluorescently labeled drugs, using fluorophores with a fluorescence lifetime larger than the rotational correlation of the bound complex. Here we describe an optimized protocol for simultaneous dual-channel two-photon fluorescence anisotropy microscopy acquisition to perform drug-target measurements. We also provide the necessary software to implement stream processing to visualize images and to calculate quantitative parameters. The assembly and characterization part of the protocol can be implemented in 1 d. Sample preparation, characterization and imaging of drug binding can be completed in 2 d. Although currently adapted to an Olympus FV1000MPE microscope, the protocol can be extended to other commercial or custom-built microscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Vinegoni
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paolo Fumene Feruglio
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Christian Brand
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sungon Lee
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Antoinette E Nibbs
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shawn Stapleton
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sunil Shah
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Ignacy Gryczynski
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ralph Mazitschek
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Zaldo C, Serrano MD, Han X, Cascales C, Cantero M, Montoliu L, Arza E, Caiolfa VR, Zamai M. Efficient up-conversion in Yb:Er:NaT(XO4)2 thermal nanoprobes. Imaging of their distribution in a perfused mouse. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177596. [PMID: 28542327 PMCID: PMC5436681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Yb and Er codoped NaT(XO4)2 (T = Y, La, Gd, Lu and X = Mo, W) disordered oxides show a green (Er3+ related) up-conversion (UC) efficiency comparable to that of Yb:Er:β-NaYF4 compound and unless 3 times larger UC ratiometric thermal sensitivity. The similar UC efficiency of Yb:Er doped NaT(XO4)2 and β-NaYF4 compounds allowed testing equal subcutaneous depths of ex-vivo chicken tissue in both cases. This extraordinary behavior for NaT(XO4)2 oxides with large cutoff phonon energy (ħω≈ 920 cm-1) is ascribed to 4F9/2 electron population recycling to higher energy 4G11/2 level by a phonon assisted transition. Crystalline nanoparticles of Yb:Er:NaLu(MoO4)2 have been synthesized by sol-gel with sizes most commonly in the 50-80 nm range, showing a relatively small reduction of the UC efficiency with regards to bulk materials. Fluorescence lifetime and multiphoton imaging microscopies show that these nanoparticles can be efficiently distributed to all body organs of a perfused mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Zaldo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Serrano
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xiumei Han
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Cascales
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cantero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Montoliu
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Arza
- Unidad de Microscopía e Imagen Dinámica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Valeria R. Caiolfa
- Unidad de Microscopía e Imagen Dinámica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro di Imaging Sperimentale, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Moreno Zamai
- Unidad de Microscopía e Imagen Dinámica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Cosci A, Nogueira MS, Pratavieira S, Takahama A, Azevedo RDS, Kurachi C. Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy for clinical diagnosis of actinic cheilitis. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:4210-4219. [PMID: 27867726 PMCID: PMC5102522 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Actinic cheilitis is a potentially malignant disorder of the lips. Its first cause is believed to be UV sun radiation. The lesion is highly heterogeneous, making the choice of area to be biopsied difficult. This study exploits the capabilities of time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy for the identification of the most representative area to be biopsied. A preliminary study was performed on fourteen patients. A classification algorithm was used on data acquired on nine different biopsies. The algorithm discriminated between absent, mild, and moderate dysplasia with a sensitivity of 92.9%, 90.0%, and 80.0%, respectively. The false positive rate for healthy tissue (specificity) was 88.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cosci
- Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Piazza del Viminale 1, 00184 Rome, Italy; IFAC-CNR, Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara," Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP Brazil;
| | - Marcelo Saito Nogueira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP Brazil;
| | - Sebastião Pratavieira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Ademar Takahama
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Nova Friburgo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina Kurachi
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP Brazil
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13
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A Full Parallel Event Driven Readout Technique for Area Array SPAD FLIM Image Sensors. SENSORS 2016; 16:160. [PMID: 26828490 PMCID: PMC4801538 DOI: 10.3390/s16020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a full parallel event driven readout method which is implemented in an area array single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) image sensor for high-speed fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). The sensor only records and reads out effective time and position information by adopting full parallel event driven readout method, aiming at reducing the amount of data. The image sensor includes four 8 × 8 pixel arrays. In each array, four time-to-digital converters (TDCs) are used to quantize the time of photons’ arrival, and two address record modules are used to record the column and row information. In this work, Monte Carlo simulations were performed in Matlab in terms of the pile-up effect induced by the readout method. The sensor’s resolution is 16 × 16. The time resolution of TDCs is 97.6 ps and the quantization range is 100 ns. The readout frame rate is 10 Mfps, and the maximum imaging frame rate is 100 fps. The chip’s output bandwidth is 720 MHz with an average power of 15 mW. The lifetime resolvability range is 5–20 ns, and the average error of estimated fluorescence lifetimes is below 1% by employing CMM to estimate lifetimes.
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14
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Imaging Fibrosis and Separating Collagens using Second Harmonic Generation and Phasor Approach to Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13378. [PMID: 26293987 PMCID: PMC4543938 DOI: 10.1038/srep13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper we have used second harmonic generation (SHG) and phasor approach to auto fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) to obtain fingerprints of different collagens and then used these fingerprints to observe bone marrow fibrosis in the mouse femur. This is a label free approach towards fast automatable detection of fibrosis in tissue samples. FLIM has previously been used as a method of contrast in different tissues and in this paper phasor approach to FLIM is used to separate collagen I from collagen III, the markers of fibrosis, the largest groups of disorders that are often without any effective therapy. Often characterized by an increase in collagen content of the corresponding tissue, the samples are usually visualized by histochemical staining, which is pathologist dependent and cannot be automated.
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15
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Butzlaff M, Weigel A, Ponimaskin E, Zeug A. eSIP: A Novel Solution-Based Sectioned Image Property Approach for Microscope Calibration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134980. [PMID: 26244982 PMCID: PMC4526552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence confocal microscopy represents one of the central tools in modern sciences. Correspondingly, a growing amount of research relies on the development of novel microscopic methods. During the last decade numerous microscopic approaches were developed for the investigation of various scientific questions. Thereby, the former qualitative imaging methods became replaced by advanced quantitative methods to gain more and more information from a given sample. However, modern microscope systems being as complex as they are, require very precise and appropriate calibration routines, in particular when quantitative measurements should be compared over longer time scales or between different setups. Multispectral beads with sub-resolution size are often used to describe the point spread function and thus the optical properties of the microscope. More recently, a fluorescent layer was utilized to describe the axial profile for each pixel, which allows a spatially resolved characterization. However, fabrication of a thin fluorescent layer with matching refractive index is technically not solved yet. Therefore, we propose a novel type of calibration concept for sectioned image property (SIP) measurements which is based on fluorescent solution and makes the calibration concept available for a broader number of users. Compared to the previous approach, additional information can be obtained by application of this extended SIP chart approach, including penetration depth, detected number of photons, and illumination profile shape. Furthermore, due to the fit of the complete profile, our method is less susceptible to noise. Generally, the extended SIP approach represents a simple and highly reproducible method, allowing setup independent calibration and alignment procedures, which is mandatory for advanced quantitative microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Butzlaff
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arwed Weigel
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Kistlerhofstr. 75, München, Germany
| | - Evgeni Ponimaskin
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andre Zeug
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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16
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17
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Ryser M, Künzi L, Geiser M, Frenz M, Rička J. In situ fiber-optical monitoring of cytosolic calcium in tissue explant cultures. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:183-195. [PMID: 24026906 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a fluorescence-lifetime based method for monitoring cell and tissue activity in situ, during cell culturing and in the presence of a strong autofluorescence background. The miniature fiber-optic probes are easily incorporated in the tight space of a cell culture chamber or in an endoscope. As a first application we monitored the cytosolic calcium levels in porcine tracheal explant cultures using the Calcium Green-5N (CG5N) indicator. Despite the simplicity of the optical setup we are able to detect changes of calcium concentration as small as 2.5 nM, with a monitoring time resolution of less than 1 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ryser
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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18
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Sparks H, Warren S, Guedes J, Yoshida N, Charn TC, Guerra N, Tatla T, Dunsby C, French P. A flexible wide-field FLIM endoscope utilising blue excitation light for label-free contrast of tissue. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:168-78. [PMID: 24573953 PMCID: PMC4737404 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) has previously been shown to provide contrast between normal and diseased tissue. Here we present progress towards clinical and preclinical FLIM endoscopy of tissue autofluorescence, demonstrating a flexible wide-field endoscope that utilised a low average power blue picosecond laser diode excitation source and was able to acquire ∼mm-scale spatial maps of autofluorescence lifetimes from fresh ex vivo diseased human larynx biopsies in ∼8 seconds using an average excitation power of ∼0.5 mW at the specimen. To illustrate its potential for FLIM at higher acquisition rates, a higher power mode-locked frequency doubled Ti:Sapphire laser was used to demonstrate FLIM of ex vivo mouse bowel at up to 2.5 Hz using 10 mW of average excitation power at the specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Sparks
- Photonics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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19
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Bücherl CA, Bader A, Westphal AH, Laptenok SP, Borst JW. FRET-FLIM applications in plant systems. PROTOPLASMA 2014; 251:383-394. [PMID: 24390247 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of cellular processes is the spatio-temporally regulated interplay of biochemical components. Assessing spatial information of molecular interactions within living cells is difficult using traditional biochemical methods. Developments in green fluorescent protein technology in combination with advances in fluorescence microscopy have revolutionised this field of research by providing the genetic tools to investigate the spatio-temporal dynamics of biomolecules in live cells. In particular, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has become an inevitable technique for spatially resolving cellular processes and physical interactions of cellular components in real time based on the detection of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). In this review, we provide a theoretical background of FLIM as well as FRET-FLIM analysis. Furthermore, we show two cases in which advanced microscopy applications revealed many new insights of cellular processes in living plant cells as well as in whole plants.
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20
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Li Y, Rey-Dios R, Roberts DW, Valdés PA, Cohen-Gadol AA. Intraoperative fluorescence-guided resection of high-grade gliomas: a comparison of the present techniques and evolution of future strategies. World Neurosurg 2013; 82:175-85. [PMID: 23851210 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fluorescence guidance has a demonstrated potential in maximizing the extent of high-grade glioma resection. Different fluorophores (fluorescent biomarkers), including 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and fluorescein, have been examined with the use of several imaging techniques. Our goal was to review the state of this technology and discuss strategies for more widespread adoption. METHODS We performed a Medline search using the key words "fluorescence," "intraoperative fluorescence-guided resection," "intraoperative image-guided resection," and "brain glioma" for articles from 1960 until the present. This initial search revealed 267 articles. Each abstract and article was reviewed and the reference lists from select articles were further evaluated for relevance. A total of 64 articles included information about the role of fluorescence in resection of high-grade gliomas and therefore were selectively included for our analysis. RESULTS 5-ALA and fluorescein sodium have shown promise as fluorescent markers in detecting residual tumor intraoperatively. These techniques have demonstrated a significant increase in the extent of tumor resection. Regulatory barriers have limited the use of 5-ALA and technological challenges have restricted the use of fluorescein and its derivatives in the United States. Limitations to this technology currently exist, such as the fact that fluorescence at tumor margins is not always reliable for identification of tumor-brain interface. CONCLUSIONS These techniques are safe and effective for increasing gross total resection. The development of more tumor-specific fluorophores is needed to resolve problems with subjective interpretation of fluorescent signal at tumor margins. Techniques such as quantum dots and polymer or iron oxide-based nanoparticles have shown promise as potential future tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Li
- Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Roberto Rey-Dios
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - David W Roberts
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Pablo A Valdés
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Aaron A Cohen-Gadol
- Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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21
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Zhang H, Yuan J, Fu L. Imaging Fourier transform endospectroscopy for in vivo and in situ multispectral imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012. [PMID: 23188298 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.023349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the design and implementation of a multispectral imaging Fourier transform endospectroscopy (IFTES) system. The IFTES system employs a flexible fiber bundle catheter coupled to a home-built imaging Fourier transform spectroscope. The instrument enables the performance of non- or minimally invasive subsurface imaging and multispectral imaging at the cellular level in vivo and in situ. A maximum spectral resolution of 0.2 nm at 632.8 nm and a lateral resolution of 4.4 μm were proved. Preliminary results of a standard resolution target, ex-vivo small animal tissue, single wavelength laser, fluorescence solution, in-vivo mouse skin, microspheres mixture, and in-vivo transgenic mouse brain were given to demonstrate the potential of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan 430074, China
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22
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Weber P, Wagner M, Kioschis P, Kessler W, Schneckenburger H. Tumor cell differentiation by label-free fluorescence microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:101508. [PMID: 23223984 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.10.101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Autofluorescence spectra, images, and decay kinetics of U251-MG glioblastoma cells prior and subsequent to activation of tumor suppressor genes are compared. While phase contrast images and fluorescence intensity patterns of tumor (control) cells and less malignant cells are similar, differences can be deduced from autofluorescence spectra and decay kinetics. In particular, upon near UV excitation, the fluorescence ratio of the free and protein-bound coenzyme nicotinamid adenine dinucleotide depends on the state of malignancy and reflects different cytoplasmic (including lysosomal) and mitochondrial contributions. While larger numbers of fluorescence spectra are evaluated by principal component analysis, a multivariate data analysis method, additional information on cell metabolism is obtained from spectral imaging and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Weber
- Institut für Angewandte Forschung, Hochschule Aalen, Beethovenstr. 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany
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23
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Sharma V, Shivalingaiah S, Peng Y, Euhus D, Gryczynski Z, Liu H. Auto-fluorescence lifetime and light reflectance spectroscopy for breast cancer diagnosis: potential tools for intraoperative margin detection. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:1825-40. [PMID: 22876347 PMCID: PMC3409702 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.001825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the use of two spectroscopic techniques, auto-fluorescence lifetime measurement (AFLM) and light reflectance spectroscopy (LRS), for detecting invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in human ex vivo breast specimens. AFLM used excitation at 447 nm with multiple emission wavelengths (532, 562, 632, and 644 nm), at which auto-fluorescence lifetimes and their weight factors were analyzed using a double exponent model. LRS measured reflectance spectra in the range of 500-840 nm and analyzed the spectral slopes empirically at several distinct spectral regions. Our preliminary results based on 93 measured locations (i.e., 34 IDC, 31 benign fibrous, 28 adipose) from 6 specimens show significant differences in 5 AFLM-derived parameters and 9 LRS-based spectral slopes between benign and malignant breast samples. Multinomial logistic regression with a 10-fold cross validation approach was implemented with selected features to classify IDC from benign fibrous and adipose tissues for the two techniques independently as well as for the combined dual-modality approach. The accuracy for classifying IDC was found to be 96.4 ± 0.8%, 92.3 ± 0.8% and 96 ± 1.3% for LRS, AFLM, and dual-modality, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | | | - Yan Peng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David Euhus
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zygmunt Gryczynski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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24
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Mo W, Rohrbach D, Sunar U. Imaging a photodynamic therapy photosensitizer in vivo with a time-gated fluorescence tomography system. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:071306. [PMID: 22894467 PMCID: PMC3381019 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.7.071306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the tomographic imaging of a photodynamic therapy (PDT) photosensitizer, 2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) in vivo with time-domain fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (TD-FDOT). Simultaneous reconstruction of fluorescence yield and lifetime of HPPH was performed before and after PDT. The methodology was validated in phantom experiments, and depth-resolved in vivo imaging was achieved through simultaneous three-dimensional (3-D) mappings of fluorescence yield and lifetime contrasts. The tomographic images of a human head-and-neck xenograft in a mouse confirmed the preferential uptake and retention of HPPH by the tumor 24-h post-injection. HPPH-mediated PDT induced significant changes in fluorescence yield and lifetime. This pilot study demonstrates that TD-FDOT may be a good imaging modality for assessing photosensitizer distributions in deep tissue during PDT monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Mo
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Cell Stress Biology and PDT Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263
| | - Daniel Rohrbach
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Cell Stress Biology and PDT Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263
| | - Ulas Sunar
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Cell Stress Biology and PDT Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263
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25
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Chang CW, Mycek MA. Total variation versus wavelet-based methods for image denoising in fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2012; 5:449-457. [PMID: 22415891 PMCID: PMC4106132 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the first application of wavelet-based denoising (noise removal) methods to time-domain box-car fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) images and compare the results to novel total variation (TV) denoising methods. Methods were tested first on artificial images and then applied to low-light live-cell images. Relative to undenoised images, TV methods could improve lifetime precision up to 10-fold in artificial images, while preserving the overall accuracy of lifetime and amplitude values of a single-exponential decay model and improving local lifetime fitting in live-cell images. Wavelet-based methods were at least 4-fold faster than TV methods, but could introduce significant inaccuracies in recovered lifetime values. The denoising methods discussed can potentially enhance a variety of FLIM applications, including live-cell, in vivo animal, or endoscopic imaging studies, especially under challenging imaging conditions such as low-light or fast video-rate imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099
| | - Mary-Ann Mycek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099
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26
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Sun Y, Sun Y, Stephens D, Xie H, Phipps J, Saroufeem R, Southard J, Elson DS, Marcu L. Dynamic tissue analysis using time- and wavelength-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy for atherosclerosis diagnosis. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:3890-901. [PMID: 21369214 PMCID: PMC3368314 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.003890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous time- and wavelength-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (STWRFS) was developed and tested for the dynamic characterization of atherosclerotic tissue ex vivo and arterial vessels in vivo. Autofluorescence, induced by a 337 nm, 700 ps pulsed laser, was split to three wavelength sub-bands using dichroic filters, with each sub-band coupled into a different length of optical fiber for temporal separation. STWRFS allows for fast recording/analysis (few microseconds) of time-resolved fluorescence emission in these sub-bands and rapid scanning. Distinct compositions of excised human atherosclerotic aorta were clearly discriminated over scanning lengths of several centimeters based on fluorescence lifetime and the intensity ratio between 390 and 452 nm. Operation of STWRFS blood flow was further validated in pig femoral arteries in vivo using a single-fiber probe integrated with an ultrasound imaging catheter. Current results demonstrate the potential of STWRFS as a tool for real-time optical characterization of arterial tissue composition and for atherosclerosis research and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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27
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Kumar S, Alibhai D, Margineanu A, Laine R, Kennedy G, McGinty J, Warren S, Kelly D, Alexandrov Y, Munro I, Talbot C, Stuckey DW, Kimberly C, Viellerobe B, Lacombe F, Lam EWF, Taylor H, Dallman MJ, Stamp G, Murray EJ, Stuhmeier F, Sardini A, Katan M, Elson DS, Neil MAA, Dunsby C, French PMW. FLIM FRET technology for drug discovery: automated multiwell-plate high-content analysis, multiplexed readouts and application in situ. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:609-26. [PMID: 21337485 PMCID: PMC3084521 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) technology platform intended to read out changes in Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency is presented for the study of protein interactions across the drug-discovery pipeline. FLIM provides a robust, inherently ratiometric imaging modality for drug discovery that could allow the same sensor constructs to be translated from automated cell-based assays through small transparent organisms such as zebrafish to mammals. To this end, an automated FLIM multiwell-plate reader is described for high content analysis of fixed and live cells, tomographic FLIM in zebrafish and FLIM FRET of live cells via confocal endomicroscopy. For cell-based assays, an exemplar application reading out protein aggregation using FLIM FRET is presented, and the potential for multiple simultaneous FLIM (FRET) readouts in microscopy is illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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28
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Butte PV, Mamelak AN, Nuno M, Bannykh SI, Black KL, Marcu L. Fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy for guided therapy of brain tumors. Neuroimage 2011; 54 Suppl 1:S125-35. [PMID: 21055475 PMCID: PMC3335732 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the potential of time-resolved laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TR-LIFS) as intra-operative tool for the delineation of brain tumor from normal brain. Forty two patients undergoing glioma (WHO grade I-IV) surgery were enrolled in this study. A TR-LIFS prototype apparatus (gated detection, fast digitizer) was used to induce in-vivo fluorescence using a pulsed N2 laser (337 nm excitation, 0.7 ns pulse width) and to record the time-resolved spectrum (360-550 nm range, 10 nm interval). The sites of TR-LIFS measurement were validated by conventional histopathology (H&E staining). Parameters derived from the TR-LIFS data including intensity values and time-resolved intensity decay features (average fluorescence lifetime and Laguerre coefficients values) were used for tissue characterization and classification. 71 areas of tumor and normal brain were analyzed. Several parameters allowed for the differentiation of distinct tissue types. For example, normal cortex (N=35) and normal white matter (N=12) exhibit a longer-lasting fluorescence emission at 390 nm (τ390=2.12±0.10 ns) when compared with 460 nm (τ460=1.16±0.08 ns). High grade glioma (grades III and IV) samples (N=17) demonstrate emission peaks at 460 nm, with large variation at 390 nm while low grade glioma (I and II) samples (N=7) demonstrated a peak fluorescence emission at 460 nm. A linear discriminant algorithm allowed for the classification of low-grade gliomas with 100% sensitivity and 98% specificity. High-grade glioma demonstrated a high degree of heterogeneity thus reducing the discrimination accuracy of these tumors to 47% sensitivity and 94% specificity. Current findings demonstrate that TR-LIFS holds the potential to diagnose brain tumors intra-operatively and to provide a valuable tool for aiding the neurosurgeon-neuropathologist team in to rapidly distinguish between tumor and normal brain during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod V. Butte
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA – 90048
| | - Adam N. Mamelak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA – 90048
| | - Miriam Nuno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA – 90048
| | - Serguei I. Bannykh
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA – 90048
| | - Keith L. Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA – 90048
| | - Laura Marcu
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA – 95616
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29
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McGinty J, Galletly NP, Dunsby C, Munro I, Elson DS, Requejo-Isidro J, Cohen P, Ahmad R, Forsyth A, Thillainayagam AV, Neil MAA, French PMW, Stamp GW. Wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging of cancer. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 1:627-640. [PMID: 21258496 PMCID: PMC3017991 DOI: 10.1364/boe.1.000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging of tissue autofluorescence has the potential to provide rapid label-free screening and detection of surface tumors for clinical applications, including when combined with endoscopy. Quantitative imaging of intensity-based contrast is notoriously difficult and spectrally resolved imaging does not always provide sufficient contrast. We demonstrate that fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) applied to intrinsic tissue autofluorescence can directly contrast a range of surface tissue tumors, including in gastrointestinal tissues, using compact, clinically deployable instrumentation achieving wide-field fluorescence lifetime images of unprecedented clarity. Statistically significant contrast is observed between cancerous and healthy colon tissue for FLIM with excitation at 355 nm. To illustrate the clinical potential, wide-field fluorescence lifetime images of unstained ex vivo tissue have been acquired at near video rate, which is an important step towards real-time FLIM for diagnostic and interoperative imaging, including for screening and image-guided biopsy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James McGinty
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London,
SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Neil P. Galletly
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Chris Dunsby
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London,
SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ian Munro
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London,
SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Daniel S. Elson
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London,
SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jose Requejo-Isidro
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London,
SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Patrizia Cohen
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Raida Ahmad
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Amanda Forsyth
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andrew V. Thillainayagam
- Department of Gastroenterology, Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mark A. A. Neil
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London,
SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Paul M. W. French
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London,
SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gordon W Stamp
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Y. Berezin
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4525 Scott Ave, St. Louis, USA, Tel. 314-747-0701, 314-362-8599, fax 314-747-5191
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4525 Scott Ave, St. Louis, USA, Tel. 314-747-0701, 314-362-8599, fax 314-747-5191
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31
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Quentmeier S, Quentmeier CC, Walla PJ, Gericke KH. Two-color two-photon excitation of intrinsic protein fluorescence: label-free observation of proteolytic digestion of bovine serum albumin. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:1607-13. [PMID: 19156800 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two-color two-photon (2c2p) excitation fluorescence is used to monitor the enzymatic cleavage of bovine serum albumin (BSA) by subtilisin. Fluorescence is generated by irradiation with spatially and temporally overlapping femtosecond laser beams resulting in simultaneous absorption of an 800 and a 400 nm photon. Thereby, excitation of the fluorescent amino acid tryptophan present in BSA corresponds to an effective one-photon wavelength of 266 nm. The progress of protein cleavage is monitored by time-resolved fluorescence analysis. The fluorescence lifetime of tryptophan decreases during the reaction. This demonstrates a novel label-free multiphoton observation technique for conformational changes of proteins containing tryptophan. Due to the strong 2c2p fluorescence signal it is suitable for fast evaluation and monitoring of protein reactions. The course of the reaction is monitored simultaneously by gel electrophoresis. In contrast to conventional one-photon techniques, 2c2p excitation enables label-free protein fluorescence studies without irradiating the sample with UV light. Due to the dependence of the excitation on the power of both laser beams, excitation is limited to a relatively small focal volume. This results in dramatically reduced overall photodamage compared to direct UV irradiation. This method can be easily extended to microscopy imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Quentmeier
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 10, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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32
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Hall DJ, Sunar U, Farshchi-Heydari S, Han SH. In vivo simultaneous monitoring of two fluorophores with lifetime contrast using a full-field time domain system. APPLIED OPTICS 2009; 48:D74-8. [PMID: 19340126 DOI: 10.1364/ao.48.000d74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical molecular imaging of small animals in vivo has witnessed dramatic growth during the past decade. Most commercial systems are based on continuous wave technology and measure solely bioluminescence or fluorescence intensity. Time domain (TD) technology enables the measurement of both intensity and fluorescence lifetime as an additional imaging metric. We have developed a novel, in-house, full-field TD system with dramatically faster acquisition times than available from a commercial TD system. Recent in vivo data from a mouse imaged with the full-field TD system has demonstrated the potential to monitor and discriminate two fluorophores injected simultaneously based on their fluorescence lifetime contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hall
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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33
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Chapter 3 Time domain FLIM: Theory, instrumentation, and data analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0075-7535(08)00003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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34
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Sud D, Mycek MA. Image restoration for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). OPTICS EXPRESS 2008; 16:19192-19200. [PMID: 19582011 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.019192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Computational image restoration finds wide applicability for fluorescence intensity imaging. Relatively little work in this regard has been performed on FLIM images, which also suffer from diminished spatial resolution. In this work, we report two separate approaches to enhance FLIM image quality while maintaining lifetime accuracy. A 2D-image restoration algorithm was employed to improve resolution in gated intensity images of various samples including fluorescent beads, living cells and fixed tissue samples. The restoration approach improved lifetime image quality without significant variation in lifetime. Further, overlaying a restored-intensity image over the native lifetime image provided even better results, where the resulting lifetime map had spatial features similar to the intensity map. 2D and 3D image restoration also benefit from advances in computational power and hence holds potential for enhancing FLIM resolution, particularly in ICCD-based wide-field FLIM systems, without sacrificing vital quantitative information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Sud
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
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35
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Provenzano PP, Eliceiri KW, Keely PJ. Multiphoton microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to monitor metastasis and the tumor microenvironment. Clin Exp Metastasis 2008; 26:357-70. [PMID: 18766302 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-008-9204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis involves complex cell behavior and interaction with the extracellular matrix by metabolically active cells. To observe invasion and metastasis with sub-cellular resolution in vivo, multiphoton microscopy (MPM) allows imaging more deeply into tissues with less toxicity, compared with other optical imaging methods. MPM can be combined with second harmonic generation (SHG), fluorescent lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), and spectral-lifetime imaging microscopy (SLIM). SHG facilitates imaging of stromal collagen and tumor-stroma interactions, including the architecture and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. FLIM allows characterization of exogenous and endogenous fluorophores, such as the metabolites FAD and NADH to score for metabolic state and provide optical biomarkers. SLIM permits additional identification and separation of endogenous and exogenous fluorophores by simultaneously collecting their spectra and lifetime, producing an optical molecular "fingerprint". Both FLIM and SLIM also serve as an improved method for the assessment of Förster (or fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET). Hence, the use and further development of these approaches strongly enhances the visualization and quantification of tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Herein, we review recent developments of multiphoton FLIM and SLIM to study 2D and 3D cell migration, invasion into the tumor microenvironment, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo P Provenzano
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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36
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Kumar ATN, Raymond SB, Dunn AK, Bacskai BJ, Boas DA. A time domain fluorescence tomography system for small animal imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2008; 27:1152-63. [PMID: 18672432 PMCID: PMC2920137 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2008.918341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We describe the application of a time domain diffuse fluorescence tomography system for whole body small animal imaging. The key features of the system are the use of point excitation in free space using ultrashort laser pulses and noncontact detection using a gated, intensified charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. Mouse shaped epoxy phantoms, with embedded fluorescent inclusions, were used to verify the performance of a recently developed asymptotic lifetime-based tomography algorithm. The asymptotic algorithm is based on a multiexponential analysis of the decay portion of the data. The multiexponential model is shown to enable the use of a global analysis approach for a robust recovery of the lifetime components present within the imaging medium. The surface boundaries of the imaging volume were acquired using a photogrammetric camera integrated with the imaging system, and implemented in a Monte-Carlo model of photon propagation in tissue. The tomography results show that the asymptotic approach is able to separate axially located fluorescent inclusions centered at depths of 4 and 10 mm from the surface of the mouse phantom. The fluorescent inclusions had distinct lifetimes of 0.5 and 0.95 ns. The inclusions were nearly overlapping along the measurement axis and shown to be not resolvable using continuous wave (CW) methods. These results suggest the practical feasibility and advantages of a time domain approach for whole body small animal fluorescence molecular imaging, particularly with the use of lifetime as a contrast mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand T N Kumar
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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37
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Berberan-Santos MN. A luminescence decay function encompassing the stretched exponential and the compressed hyperbola. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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38
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Galletly N, McGinty J, Dunsby C, Teixeira F, Requejo-Isidro J, Munro I, Elson D, Neil M, Chu A, French P, Stamp G. Fluorescence lifetime imaging distinguishes basal cell carcinoma from surrounding uninvolved skin. Br J Dermatol 2008; 159:152-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Talbot C, Lever M, Benninger R, Mcginty J, Requejo-Isidro J, Elson D, French P, Sandison A, Wallace A, Nagase H, Itoh Y, Saklatvala J, Vincent T. Fluorescence lifetime imaging of articular cartilage. Int J Exp Pathol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0959-9673.2004.369ao.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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40
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Mitchell AC, Dad S, Morgan CG. Selective detection of luminescence from semiconductor quantum dots by nanosecond time-gated imaging with a colour-masked CCD detector. J Microsc 2008; 230:172-6. [PMID: 18445145 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2008.01973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots are of considerable interest as highly detectable labels with broad absorption, narrow spectral emission and good quantum yields. The luminescence emission has a longer decay time than that of the most common fluorophores, leading to facile rejection of much background emission (such as autofluorescence from biological samples) by means of gated detection. Here, it is shown that a new technique, true-colour nanosecond time-gated luminescence imaging, can be used for selective detection of quantum dot luminescence and should prove valuable for multiplexed detection on the basis of both spectral emission profile and luminescence decay time.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Mitchell
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
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41
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Blackwell J, Katika KM, Pilon L, Dipple KM, Levin SR, Nouvong A. In vivo time-resolved autofluorescence measurements to test for glycation of human skin. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2008; 13:014004. [PMID: 18315362 DOI: 10.1117/1.2830658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We present an evaluation of time-resolved fluorescence measurements on human skin for screening type 2 diabetes. In vivo human skin is excited with a pulse diode at 375 nm and pulse width of 700 ps. Fluorescence decays are recorded at four different emission wavelengths: 442, 460, 478, and 496 nm. Experiments are performed at various locations, including the palms, arms, legs, and cheeks of a healthy Caucasian subject to test single-subject variability. The fluorescence decays obtained are modeled using a three-exponential decay. The variations in the lifetimes and amplitudes from one location to another are minimal, except on the cheek. We compare the fluorescent decays of 38 diabetic subjects and 37 nondiabetic subjects, with different skin complexions and of ages ranging from 6 to 85 yr. The average lifetimes for nondiabetic subjects were 0.5, 2.6, and 9.2 ns with fractional amplitudes of 0.78, 0.18, and 0.03, respectively. The effects of average hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from the previous 4 yr and diabetes duration are evaluated. While no significant differences between the fluorescence lifetimes of nondiabetic and diabetic subjects are observed, two of the fractional amplitudes are statistically different. Additionally, none of the six fluorescence parameters correlated with diabetes duration or HbA1c. One of the lifetimes as well as two of the fractional amplitudes differ between diabetic subjects with foot ulcers and nondiabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Blackwell
- University of California, Los Angeles, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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42
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Soloviev VY, Tahir KB, McGinty J, Elson DS, Neil MAA, French PMW, Arridge SR. Fluorescence lifetime imaging by using time-gated data acquisition. APPLIED OPTICS 2007; 46:7384-91. [PMID: 17952172 DOI: 10.1364/ao.46.007384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of the time gating technique for lifetime reconstruction in the Fourier domain is a novel technique. Time gating provides sufficient data points in the time domain for reliable application of the Fourier transform, which is essential for the time deconvolution of the system of the integral equations employed in the reconstruction. The Fourier domain telegraph equation is employed to model the light transport, which allows a sufficiently broad interval of frequencies to be covered. Reconstructed images contain enough information needed for recovering the lifetime distribution in a sample for any given frequency within the megahertz-gigahertz band. The use of this technique is essential for recovering time-dependent information in fluorescence imaging. This technique was applied in reconstruction of the lifetime distribution of four tubes filled with Rhodamine 6G embedded inside a highly scattering slab. Relatively accurate fluorescence lifetime reconstruction demonstrates the effectiveness and the potential of the proposed technique.
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43
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Lord SJ, Lu Z, Wang H, Willets KA, Schuck PJ, Lee HLD, Nishimura SY, Twieg RJ, Moerner WE. Photophysical properties of acene DCDHF fluorophores: long-wavelength single-molecule emitters designed for cellular imaging. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:8934-41. [PMID: 17718454 PMCID: PMC2678804 DOI: 10.1021/jp0712598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the solvatochromic, viscosity-sensitive, and single-molecule photophysics of the fluorophores DCDHF-N-6 and DCDHF-A-6. These molecules are members of the dicyanomethylenedihydrofuran (DCDHF) class of single-molecule emitters that contain an amine electron donor and a DCDHF acceptor linked by a conjugated unit; DCDHF-N-6 and DCDHF-A-6 have naphthalene- and anthracene-conjugated linkers, respectively. These molecules maintain the beneficial photophysics of the phenylene-linked DCDHF (i.e., photostability, emission wavelength dependence on solvent polarity, and quantum yield sensitivity to solvent viscosity), yet offer absorption and emission at longer wavelengths that are more appropriate for cellular imaging. We demonstrate that these new fluorophores are less photolabile in an aqueous environment than several other commonly used dyes (rhodamine 6G, Texas Red, and fluorescein). Finally, we image single copies of the acene DCDHFs diffusing in the plasma membrane of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Lord
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - Zhikuan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240
| | | | - P. James Schuck
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - Hsiao-lu D. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | | | - Robert J. Twieg
- Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240
| | - W. E. Moerner
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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44
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Lekadir K, Elson DS, Requejo-Isidro J, Dunsby C, McGinty J, Galletly N, Stamp G, French PMW, Yang GZ. Tissue characterization using dimensionality reduction and fluorescence imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 9:586-93. [PMID: 17354820 DOI: 10.1007/11866763_72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Multidimensional fluorescence imaging is a powerful molecular imaging modality that is emerging as an important tool in the study of biological tissues. Due to the large volume of multi-spectral data associated with the technique, it is often difficult to find the best combination of parameters to maximize the contrast between different tissue types. This paper presents a novel framework for the characterization of tissue compositions based on the use of time resolved fluorescence imaging without the explicit modeling of the decays. The composition is characterized through soft clustering based on manifold embedding for reducing the dimensionality of the datasets and obtaining a consistent differentiation scheme for determining intrinsic constituents of the tissue. The proposed technique has the benefit of being fully automatic, which could have significant advantages for automated histopathology and increasing the speed of intraoperative decisions. Validation of the technique is carried out with both phantom data and tissue samples of the human pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Lekadir
- Visual Information Processing Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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45
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Soloviev VY. Mesh adaptation technique for Fourier-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging. Med Phys 2007; 33:4176-83. [PMID: 17153396 DOI: 10.1118/1.2362500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel adaptive mesh technique in the Fourier domain is introduced for problems in fluorescence lifetime imaging. A dynamical adaptation of the three-dimensional scheme based on the finite volume formulation reduces computational time and balances the ill-posed nature of the inverse problem. Light propagation in the medium is modeled by the telegraph equation, while the lifetime reconstruction algorithm is derived from the Fredholm integral equation of the first kind. Stability and computational efficiency of the method are demonstrated by image reconstruction of two spherical fluorescent objects embedded in a tissue phantom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Y Soloviev
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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46
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Luminescence Decays with Underlying Distributions of Rate Constants: General Properties and Selected Cases. SPRINGER SERIES ON FLUORESCENCE 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/4243_2007_001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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47
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Elson DS, Jo JA, Marcu L. Miniaturized side-viewing imaging probe for fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM): validation with fluorescence dyes, tissue structural proteins and tissue specimens. NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 2007; 9:127. [PMID: 19503759 PMCID: PMC2691608 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/9/5/127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We report a side viewing fibre-based endoscope that is compatible with intravascular imaging and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). The instrument has been validated through testing with fluorescent dyes and collagen and elastin powders using the Laguerre expansion deconvolution technique to calculate the fluorescence lifetimes. The instrument has also been tested on freshly excised unstained animal vascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Elson
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - J A Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Building, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA E-mail:
| | - L Marcu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Building, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA E-mail:
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48
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MESH Headings
- Biology/methods
- Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry
- Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism
- Half-Life
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods
- Microscopy, Fluorescence/instrumentation
- Microscopy, Fluorescence/methods
- Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton/instrumentation
- Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton/methods
- Microscopy, Video/instrumentation
- Microscopy, Video/methods
- Models, Biological
- Models, Theoretical
- Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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49
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Jones PB, Herl L, Berezovska O, Kumar ATN, Bacskai BJ, Hyman BT. Time-domain fluorescent plate reader for cell based protein-protein interaction and protein conformation assays. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2006; 11:054024. [PMID: 17092173 DOI: 10.1117/1.2363367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime measurement is widely used in the biological sciences due to its inherent sensitivity and concentration independence. Frequency domain high-throughput plate readers and time-resolved energy transfer (TRET) plate readers are in common use and have been successful in a variety of applications ranging from basic biochemistry to drug discovery. Time-domain systems would have advantages due to their ability to distinguish both FRETing and non-FRETing populations, but have been difficult to develop due to inherent difficulties with background autofluorescence and lifetime component separation. Using a modified commercial lifetime plate reader, we demonstrate a method for removal of the complex auto-fluorescent background decay, described using a stretched exponential function (StrEF). We develop a generalized multi-exponential fitting algorithm (GeMEF), which progressively accounts for confounding lifetime components in FRET-based assays using a series of control experiments. We demonstrate the separability of FRET strength and efficiency and apply the technique to protein-protein interactions and protein conformational assays in a cell-based format. Presenilin 1 (PS1) is known to be important in Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) processing in Alzheimer's disease. Using transfected cells, we demonstrate APP-PS1 interactions by FRET in a cell-based, 96-well plate format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phill B Jones
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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Elson DS, Galletly N, Talbot C, Requejo-Isidro J, McGinty J, Dunsby C, Lanigan PMP, Munro I, Benninger RKP, de Beule P, Auksorius E, Hegyi L, Sandison A, Wallace A, Soutter P, Neil MAA, Lever J, Stamp GW, French PMW. Multidimensional Fluorescence Imaging Applied to Biological Tissue. REVIEWS IN FLUORESCENCE 2006 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/0-387-33016-x_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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