1
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Zhang H, Zhang D, Hu M, Wang Q. Direct readout of mirror reflectivity for cavity-enhanced gas sensing using Pound-Drever-Hall signals. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:5996-5999. [PMID: 37966772 DOI: 10.1364/ol.501675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The operation of cavity-enhanced techniques usually requires independent pre-calibration of the mirror reflectivity to precisely quantify the absorption. Here we show how to directly calibrate the effective mirror reflectivity without using any gas samples of known concentration or high-speed optical/electrical devices. Leveraging a phase modulator to generate sidebands, we are able to record Pound-Drever-Hall error signals shaped by cavity modes that can reveal the effective reflectivity after waveform analysis. As an example, we demonstrated the reflectivity calibration of a pair of near-infrared mirrors over 80 nm with a free spectral range-limited resolution, illustrating a reflectivity uncertainty of 2 × 10-5 in the center part of the refection wavelength range of the mirrors and larger at the edges. With an effective reflectivity of 0.9982 (finesse ∼1746) inferred at 1531.6 nm, a short ∼ 8-cm Fabry-Pérot cavity achieved a minimum detectable absorption coefficient of 9.1 × 10-9 cm-1 for trace C2H2 detection. This method, by providing convenient calibration in an almost real-time manner, would enable more practical cavity-enhanced gas measurement even with potential mirror reflectivity degradation.
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2
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Wang G, Meng L, Gou Q, Hanoune B, Crumeyrolle S, Fagniez T, Coeur C, Akiki R, Chen W. Novel Broadband Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectrometer for Simultaneous Measurements of NO 2 and Particulate Matter. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3460-3467. [PMID: 36716285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel instrument based on broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy has been developed using a supercontinuum broadband light source, which showcases its ability in simultaneous measurements of the concentration of NO2 and the extinction of particulate matter. Side-by-side intercomparison was carried out with the reference NOx analyzer for NO2 and OPC-N2 particle counter for particulate matter, which shows a good linear correlation with r2 > 0.90. The measurement limits (1σ) of the developed instrument were experimentally determined to be 230 pptv in 40 s for NO2 and 1.24 Mm-1 for the extinction of particulate matter in 15 s. This work provides a promising method in simultaneously monitoring atmospheric gaseous compounds and particulate matter, which would further advance our understanding on gas-particle heterogeneous interactions in the context of climate change and air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxuan Wang
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Qianhu South Road Rd.1, 315100Ningbo, China.,Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 189A Avenue Maurice Schuman, 59140Dunkerque, France
| | - Lingshuo Meng
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 189A Avenue Maurice Schuman, 59140Dunkerque, France
| | - Qian Gou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Daxuecheng South Rd. 55, 401331Chongqing, China
| | - Benjamin Hanoune
- Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, Université de Lille1, Bâtiment C11, 59655Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Suzanne Crumeyrolle
- Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, Université de Lille1, Bâtiment P5, 59655Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Thomas Fagniez
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 189A Avenue Maurice Schuman, 59140Dunkerque, France
| | - Cécile Coeur
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 189A Avenue Maurice Schuman, 59140Dunkerque, France
| | - Rony Akiki
- ENVEATM (ex Environment SA), 111 Boulevard Robespierre CS 80004, 78304Poissy Cedex 4, France
| | - Weidong Chen
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 189A Avenue Maurice Schuman, 59140Dunkerque, France
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3
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Wang M, Varma R, Venables DS, Zhou W, Chen J. A Demonstration of Broadband Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy at Deep-Ultraviolet Wavelengths: Application to Sensitive Real-Time Detection of the Aromatic Pollutants Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4286-4293. [PMID: 35245018 PMCID: PMC8928152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
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Benzene, toluene,
and xylene (BTX) are serious air pollutants emitted
by the chemical industry. Real-time monitoring of these air pollutants
would be a valuable tool to regulate emissions of these compounds
and reduce the harm they cause to human health. Here, we demonstrate
the first detection of BTX using incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced
absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS). The instrument was operated in
the deep-ultraviolet spectral region between 252 and 286 nm, where
aromatic compounds have intense π → π* absorption
bands. The mirror reflectivity was calibrated by two methods and exceeded
99.63% at 266 nm. At an integration time of 60 s, the 1σ measurement
sensitivities were estimated to be 7.2 ppbv for benzene, 21.9 ppbv
for toluene, 10.2 ppbv for m-xylene, and 4.8 ppbv
for p-xylene, respectively. The absorption cross
sections of BTX were measured in this work with an uncertainty of
10.0% at a resolution of 0.74 nm. The absorption cross sections reported
in this work were in good agreement with those from earlier studies
after accounting for differences in spectral resolution. To demonstrate
the ability of the instrument to quantify complex mixtures, the concentrations
of m-xylene and p-xylene have been
retrieved under five different mixing ratios. Instrumental improvements
and measurements strategies for use in different applications are
discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Ravi Varma
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala 673601, India
| | - Dean S Venables
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Wu Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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4
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Barik P, Pradhan M. Selectivity in trace gas sensing: recent developments, challenges, and future perspectives. Analyst 2022; 147:1024-1054. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02070f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Selectivity is one of the most crucial figures of merit in trace gas sensing, and thus a comprehensive assessment is necessary to have a clear picture of sensitivity, selectivity, and their interrelations in terms of quantitative and qualitative views.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspendu Barik
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata – 700106, India
| | - Manik Pradhan
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata – 700106, India
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata – 700106, India
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5
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Pakkattil A, Saseendran A, Thomas AP, Raj AS, Mohan A, Viswanath D, Chatanathodi R, Varma R. A dual-channel incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometer for sensitive atmospheric NO x measurements. Analyst 2021; 146:2542-2549. [PMID: 33899057 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00132a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe and characterize a dual-channel incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometer (DC-IBBCEAS) for the sensitive measurements of NOx: the sum of nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the atmosphere. The instrument employs two 1 m long optical cavities, with air being extracted from a common sampling line. The first channel (cavity-1) spans 340-380 nm and the second channel (cavity-2) spans the 405-460 nm spectral range, both measuring NO2 simultaneously. High absorption cross-sections of NO2 in both channels are effectively utilized for its sensitive quantification. NO is quantified by titrating it with ozone to NO2 in channel-2, where the difference of NO2 measured from that in channel-1 corresponds to the NO concentration in the sampled air. The instrument offers 1-ppb detection sensitivity for both NO and NO2 with a maximum possible uncertainty of ∼9%. The use of close yet different spectral regions in the two channels readily extended measurements to a broader range without compromising its sensitivity to NOx quantification. This would extend the DC-IBBCEAS applicability to simultaneously monitor interfering species with significant absorption cross-sections in the region in either channel, such as glyoxal (CHOCHO), methylglyoxal (CH3COCHO), and nitrous acid (HONO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Pakkattil
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India.
| | - Aiswarya Saseendran
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India.
| | - Arun P Thomas
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India.
| | - Anjana S Raj
- Department of Physics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore - 632014, India
| | - Ardra Mohan
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India.
| | - Deepa Viswanath
- Department of Physics, VTM NSS College, Dhanuvachapuram 695503, Kerala, India
| | - Raghu Chatanathodi
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India.
| | - Ravi Varma
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India.
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6
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Wu H, Chen J, Liu AW, Hu SM, Zhang JS. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy measurements of ambient NO 3 and N 2O 5. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp1910173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - An-wen Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shui-ming Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jing-song Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside California 92521, USA
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7
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Chandran S, Ruth AA, Martin EP, Alexander JK, Peters FH, Anandarajah PM. Off-Axis Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy of 14NH 3 in Air Using a Gain-Switched Frequency Comb at 1.514 μm. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E5217. [PMID: 31795087 PMCID: PMC6928754 DOI: 10.3390/s19235217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A custom-designed gain-switched frequency comb (GSFC) source was passively coupled to a medium finesse (F ≈ 522) cavity in off-axis configuration for the detection of ammonia (14NH3) in static dry air. The absorption of ammonia was detected in the near infrared spectral region between 6604 and 6607 cm-1 using a Fourier transform detection scheme. More than 30 lines of the GSFC output (free spectral range 2.5 GHz) overlapped with the strongest ro-vibrational ammonia absorption features in that spectral region. With the cavity in off-axis configuration, an NH3 detection limit of ∼3.7 ppmv in 20 s was accomplished in a laboratory environment. The experimental performance of the prototype spectrometer was characterized; advantages, drawbacks and the potential for future applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Chandran
- Physics Department & Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland;
| | - Albert A. Ruth
- Physics Department & Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland;
| | - Eamonn P. Martin
- School of Electronic Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9 D09 W6Y4, Ireland; (E.P.M.); (P.M.A.)
| | - Justin K. Alexander
- Physics Department & Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; (J.K.A.); (F.H.P.)
| | - Frank H. Peters
- Physics Department & Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; (J.K.A.); (F.H.P.)
| | - Prince M. Anandarajah
- School of Electronic Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9 D09 W6Y4, Ireland; (E.P.M.); (P.M.A.)
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8
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Wang H, Lu K. Monitoring Ambient Nitrate Radical by Open-Path Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10687-10693. [PMID: 31364843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe an open-path cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (OP-CEAS) technique for the ambient measurement of nitrate radicals (NO3) near 662 nm. Compared with the closed type of CEAS system with a sampling line, the OP-CEAS features high accuracy due to the lack of NO3 loss in the sampling line and cavity. On the basis of a 0.84 m long open-path cavity, the effective absorption length of ∼5 km is achieved by mirrors with a reflectivity of 0.99985 at 662 nm. The detection limit of OP-CEAS for the measurement of NO3 is 3.0 pptv (2σ) in 30 s, and the uncertainty is 11-15%. The instrument was successfully applied in a field measurement under low particulate matter (PM) loading conditions. As the sensitivity would be decreased due to strong PM extinction under heavy PM pollution conditions, we highlight the feasibility of this OP-CEAS configuration for field application in clean and moderate PM condition, such as forested regions affected by anthropogenic emissions. This technique is also appropriate for the field detection of other reactive trace gases in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China
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9
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Zheng K, Zheng C, Ma N, Liu Z, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Tittel FK. Near-Infrared Broadband Cavity-Enhanced Spectroscopic Multigas Sensor Using a 1650 nm Light Emitting Diode. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1899-1908. [PMID: 31184106 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A near-infrared broadband cavity-enhanced sensor system was demonstrated for the first time using an energy-efficient light emitting diode (LED) with a central emission wavelength at 1650 nm and a light power of ∼16 mW. A portable absorption gas cell was designed for realizing a compact and stable optical system for easy alignment. An ultrashort 8-cm-long cavity was fabricated consisting of two mirrors with a ∼99.35% reflectivity. Methane (CH4) measurement was performed employing two detection schemes, i.e., NIRQuest InGaAs spectrometer and scanning monochromator combined with phase-sensitive detection. Retrieval of CH4 concentration was performed using a least-squares fitting algorithm. Sensitivities (i.e., minimum detectable absorption coefficient) were achieved of 1.25 × 10-6 cm-1 for an averaging time of 45 s using the NIRQuest InGaAs spectrometer and 1.85 × 10-6 cm-1 for an averaging time of 8 min using the scanning spectrometer in combination with lock-in detection. Field monitoring of CH4 gas leakage was performed using the NIRQuest spectrometer. Multigas sensing of CH4 and acetylene (C2H2) was carried out simultaneously using the high-resolution scanning spectrometer. A linear response of the retrieved concentration level versus nominal value was observed with a large dynamic range, demonstrating the reliability of the compact LED-based near-infrared broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (NIR-IBBCEAS) for multigas sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Chuantao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ningning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zidi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yiding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Frank K. Tittel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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10
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Chen J, Fullam DP, Yu S, Böge O, Le PH, Herrmann H, Venables DS. Improving the accuracy and precision of broadband optical cavity measurements. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 218:178-183. [PMID: 30991294 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Most extinction measurements require a stable light source to attain high precision and accuracy. Here, we present a convenient approach to normalize light source intensity in broadband optical cavity measurements. In the absence of sample extinction, we show that the in-band signal - the high finesse spectral region of the optical cavity in which sample extinction is measured with high sensitivity - is strongly correlated with the out-of-band signal. The out-of-band signal is insensitive to sample extinction and can act as a proxy for light source intensity. This normalization approach strongly suppressed in-band intensity changes in two incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) instruments with dissimilar light sources and optical cavity properties. Intensity fluctuations in an arc lamp system were suppressed by a factor of 7 to 16 and in the LED spectrometer by a factor of 10. This approach therefore improves the accuracy and precision of extinction measurements where either property is limited by the light source stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Thermal Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Donovan P Fullam
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shuaishuai Yu
- Department of Thermal Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Olaf Böge
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Phuoc Hoa Le
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dean S Venables
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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11
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Lu K, Guo S, Tan Z, Wang H, Shang D, Liu Y, Li X, Wu Z, Hu M, Zhang Y. Exploring atmospheric free-radical chemistry in China: the self-cleansing capacity and the formation of secondary air pollution. Natl Sci Rev 2019; 6:579-594. [PMID: 34691906 PMCID: PMC8291643 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwy073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 1971, it has been known that the atmospheric free radicals play a pivotal role in maintaining the oxidizing power of the troposphere. The existence of the oxidizing power is an important feature of the troposphere to remove primary air pollutants emitted from human beings as well as those from the biosphere. Nevertheless, serious secondary air-pollution incidents can take place due to fast oxidation of the primary pollutants. Elucidating the atmospheric free-radical chemistry is a demanding task in the field of atmospheric chemistry worldwide, which includes two kinds of work: first, the setup of reliable radical detection systems; second, integrated field studies that enable closure studies on the sources and sinks of targeted radicals such as OH and NO3. In this review, we try to review the Chinese efforts to explore the atmospheric free-radical chemistry in such chemical complex environments and the possible link of this fast gas-phase oxidation with the fast formation of secondary air pollution in the city-cluster areas in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhaofeng Tan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongjie Shang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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12
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Suhail K, George M, Chandran S, Varma R, Venables DS, Wang M, Chen J. Open path incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced measurements of NO 3 radical and aerosol extinction in the North China Plain. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 208:24-31. [PMID: 30286400 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe the observation of the NO3 radical using an incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometer in an open-path configuration (OP-IBBCEAS) in a polluted summer environment in continental China. The instrument was installed 17 m above the ground at the top of a residential complex near the CAREBeijing-NCP 2014 site in Wangdu, Hebei province, about 200 km southwest of Beijing over the period 28 to 30 June 2014. The separation between the transmitter and receiver components of the instrument was 335 cm and the effective pathlength in clean reference air was ~3.4 km. NO3 was detected above the detection limit on all three nights when the instrument was operational. The maximum mixing ratio measured was ~175 pptv with a detection sensitivity of ~36 pptv for measurements with an average acquisition time of 10 min. While most extractive instruments try to avoid interferences arising from aerosol extinction, the open path configuration has advantages owing to its ability to detect trace gases even in the presence of aerosol loading. Moreover, concurrent retrieval of aerosol optical extinction is possible from analysis of the absorption magnitude of the oxygen B-band at 687 nm. The experimental setup, its calibration, data acquisition, and analysis procedure are discussed, and the results presented here demonstrate the sensitivity and specificity that can be achieved at high spatial and temporal resolution using the novel configuration of IBBCEAS in the open path.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suhail
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India
| | - M George
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India
| | - S Chandran
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India; Physics Department & Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Optind Solutions Pvt. LTD. Unit 11, Technology Business Incubator, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India
| | - R Varma
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India
| | - D S Venables
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - M Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - J Chen
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Zheng K, Zheng C, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Tittel FK. Review of Incoherent Broadband Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) for Gas Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E3646. [PMID: 30373252 PMCID: PMC6263486 DOI: 10.3390/s18113646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) is of importance for gas detection in environmental monitoring. This review summarizes the unique properties, development and recent progress of the IBBCEAS technique. Principle of IBBCEAS for gas sensing is described, and the development of IBBCEAS from the perspective of system structure is elaborated, including light source, cavity and detection scheme. Performances of the reported IBBCEAS sensor system in laboratory and field measurements are reported. Potential applications of this technique are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Chuantao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yiding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Frank K Tittel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
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Prakash N, Ramachandran A, Varma R, Chen J, Mazzoleni C, Du K. Near-infrared incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (NIR-IBBCEAS) for detection and quantification of natural gas components. Analyst 2018; 143:3284-3291. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00819a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
First application of IBBCEAS technique for natural gas detection and quantification in the NIR region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Prakash
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
- Schulich School of Engineering
- University of Calgary
- 2500 University Dr NW
- Calgary
| | - Arun Ramachandran
- Applied Optics and Instrumentation Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- National Institute of Technology Calicut
- Calicut 673601
- India
| | - Ravi Varma
- Applied Optics and Instrumentation Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- National Institute of Technology Calicut
- Calicut 673601
- India
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Particle and Two-phase Flow Measurement
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Claudio Mazzoleni
- Physics Department and Atmospheric Sciences Program
- Michigan Technological University
- Houghton
- USA
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
- Schulich School of Engineering
- University of Calgary
- 2500 University Dr NW
- Calgary
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Nakashima Y, Sadanaga Y. Validation of in situ Measurements of Atmospheric Nitrous Acid Using Incoherent Broadband Cavity-enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy. ANAL SCI 2017; 33:519-524. [PMID: 28392531 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) is a useful technique for measuring trace gaseous species in the atmosphere. Recently, IBBCEAS was used to measure concentrations of nitrous acid (HONO) in the troposphere to resolve controversies related to its formation and loss. Here, measurements of HONO and a mixture of HONO and NO2 using IBBCEAS were validated by comparing them with those obtained with a NOx analyzer. Good agreement was found between these methods, given their respective experimental uncertainties. The detection limit of our IBBCEAS instrument was 0.2 ppbv, with a signal-to-noise ratio of 1, and a 5-min integration time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Nakashima
- Department of Environmental Science on Biosphere, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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Zhao W, Xu X, Fang B, Zhang Q, Qian X, Wang S, Liu P, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu D, Huang Y, Venables DS, Chen W. Development of an incoherent broad-band cavity-enhanced aerosol extinction spectrometer and its application to measurement of aerosol optical hygroscopicity. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:E16-E22. [PMID: 28414337 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.000e16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the development of a blue light-emitting-diode-based incoherent broad-band cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) instrument for the measurement of the aerosol extinction coefficient at λ=461 nm. With an effective absorption path length of 2.8 km, an optimum detection limit of 0.05 Mm-1 (5×10-10 cm-1) was achieved with an averaging time of 84 s. The baseline drift of the developed spectrometer was about ±0.3 Mm-1 over 2.5 h (1σ standard deviation). The performance of the system was evaluated with laboratory-generated monodispersed polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres. The retrieved complex refractive index of PSL agreed well with previously reported values. The relative humidity (RH) dependence of the aerosol extinction coefficient was measured using IBBCEAS. The measured extinction enhancement factor values for 200 nm dry ammonium sulphate particles at different RH were in good agreement with the modeled values. Field performance of the aerosol extinction spectrometer was demonstrated at the Hefei Radiation Observatory site.
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Yi H, Wu T, Wang G, Zhao W, Fertein E, Coeur C, Gao X, Zhang W, Chen W. Sensing atmospheric reactive species using light emitting diode by incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:A781-A790. [PMID: 27409951 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.00a781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We overview our recent progress in the developments and applications of light emitting diode-based incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (LED-IBBCEAS) techniques for real-time optical sensing chemically reactive atmospheric species (HONO, NO3, NO2) in intensive campaigns and in atmospheric simulation chamber. New application of optical monitoring of NO3 concentration-time profile for study of the NO3-initiated oxidation process of isoprene in a smog chamber is reported.
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Chen Y, Yang C, Zhao W, Fang B, Xu X, Gai Y, Lin X, Chen W, Zhang W. Ultra-sensitive measurement of peroxy radicals by chemical amplification broadband cavity-enhanced spectroscopy. Analyst 2016; 141:5870-5878. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an01038e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemical amplification method is combined with the incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy for peroxy radical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Chengqiang Yang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Weixiong Zhao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Bo Fang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Xuezhe Xu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Yanbo Gai
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lin
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l'Atmosphère
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale
- 59140 Dunkerque
- France
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
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Moise T, Flores JM, Rudich Y. Optical Properties of Secondary Organic Aerosols and Their Changes by Chemical Processes. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4400-39. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5005259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Moise
- Department of Earth and Planetary
Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - J. Michel Flores
- Department of Earth and Planetary
Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary
Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Etzion Y, Kolatt T, Shoshany M, Broday DM. Night-time ground hyperspectral imaging for urban-scale remote sensing of ambient PM--modal concentrations retrieval. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:1787-1794. [PMID: 24404989 DOI: 10.1021/es403843t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Retrieval of aerosol loading in vertical atmospheric columns is a common product of satellite and ground instruments that measure spectral extinction of solar radiation throughout the entire atmosphere. Here we study ground hyperspectral imaging of artificial light sources as a complementary method for retrieving fine aerosol concentrations along quazi-horizontal ambient open paths. Previously, we reported hyperspectral measurements of the aerosol optical thickness in the 500-900 nm range over urban-scale distances (180 m to 4 km), measuring the extinction of radiation emitted from a halogen source. Here we confirm in a laboratory-setup the basic premise that different accumulation-size aerosols generate distinct hyperspectral signatures in this spectral range. Measured hyperspectral attenuation signatures of fine aerosols were comparable to calculated Mie scattering signatures, suggesting that modal aerosol concentrations can be retrieved. A genetic algorithm was adapted to estimate the aerosol modal concentrations from its hyperspectral extinction signature. Retrievals of aerosol concentrations from measured and synthetic hyperspectral signatures indicated a robust algorithm, with an expected retrieval error of 0.2-22% for typical ambient concentrations along an urban-scale open path. The retrieval accuracy was found to depend on the relative aerosol modal concentrations, especially when there is a substantial overlap between the modal spectral signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Etzion
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
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22
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Flores JM, Washenfelder RA, Adler G, Lee HJ, Segev L, Laskin J, Laskin A, Nizkorodov SA, Brown SS, Rudich Y. Complex refractive indices in the near-ultraviolet spectral region of biogenic secondary organic aerosol aged with ammonia. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:10629-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01009d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Distribution of the number of N atoms and the change in the complex refractive index of unreacted and NH3-aged limonene SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Flores
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - R. A. Washenfelder
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
- University of Colorado
- Boulder, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Earth System Research Laboratory
| | - G. Adler
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - H. J. Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Irvine, USA
| | - L. Segev
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - J. Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland, USA
| | - A. Laskin
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland, USA
| | | | - S. S. Brown
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Earth System Research Laboratory
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- Boulder, USA
| | - Y. Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Walsh AJ, Ruth AA, Gash EW, Mansfield MWD. Multi-photon UV photolysis of gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: extinction spectra and dynamics. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:054304. [PMID: 23927259 DOI: 10.1063/1.4816003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The extinction spectra of static naphthalene and static biphenylene vapor, each buffered with a noble gas at room temperature, were measured as a function of time in the region between 390 and 850 nm after UV multi-photon laser photolysis at 308 nm. Employing incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS), the spectra were found to be unstructured with a general lack of isolated features suggesting that the extinction was not solely based on absorption but was in fact dominated by scattering from particles formed in the photolysis of the respective polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Following UV multi-photon photolysis, the extinction dynamics of the static (unstirred) closed gas-phase system exhibits extraordinary quasi-periodic and complex oscillations with periods ranging from seconds to many minutes, persisting for up to several hours. Depending on buffer gas type and pressure, several types of dynamical responses could be generated (classified as types I, II, and III). They were studied as a function of temperature and chamber volume for different experimental conditions and possible explanations for the oscillations are discussed. A conclusive model for the observed phenomena has not been established. However, a number of key hypotheses have made based on the measurements in this publication: (a) Following the multi-photon UV photolysis of naphthalene (or biphenylene), particles are formed on a timescale not observable using IBBCEAS. (b) The observed temporal behavior cannot be described on basis of a chemical reaction scheme alone. (c) The pressure dependence of the system's responses is due to transport phenomena of particles in the chamber. (d) The size distribution and the refractive indices of particles are time dependent and evolve on a timescale of minutes to hours. The rate of particle coagulation, involving coalescent growth and particle agglomeration, affects the observed oscillations. (e) The walls of the chamber act as a sink. The wall conditions (which could not be quantitatively characterized) have a profound influence on the dynamics of the system and on its slow return to an equilibrium state.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Walsh
- Physics Department, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Zhao W, Dong M, Chen W, Gu X, Hu C, Gao X, Huang W, Zhang W. Wavelength-Resolved Optical Extinction Measurements of Aerosols Using Broad-Band Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy over the Spectral Range of 445–480 nm. Anal Chem 2013; 85:2260-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303174n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weixiong Zhao
- Anhui Institute of Optics and
Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Meili Dong
- Anhui Institute of Optics and
Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
of the Atmosphere, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, 189A Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140
Dunkerque, France
| | - Xuejun Gu
- Anhui Institute of Optics and
Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Changjin Hu
- Anhui Institute of Optics and
Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoming Gao
- Anhui Institute of Optics and
Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and
Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and
Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
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Assessment of HONO Measurements: The FIONA Campaign at EUPHORE. DISPOSAL OF DANGEROUS CHEMICALS IN URBAN AREAS AND MEGA CITIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5034-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Darby SB, Smith PD, Venables DS. Cavity-enhanced absorption using an atomic line source: application to deep-UV measurements. Analyst 2012; 137:2318-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35149h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chen J, Wenger JC, Venables DS. Near-Ultraviolet Absorption Cross Sections of Nitrophenols and Their Potential Influence on Tropospheric Oxidation Capacity. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:12235-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jp206929r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John C. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dean S. Venables
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Fiddler MN, Begashaw I, Mickens MA, Collingwood MS, Assefa Z, Bililign S. Laser spectroscopy for atmospheric and environmental sensing. SENSORS 2009; 9:10447-512. [PMID: 22303184 PMCID: PMC3267232 DOI: 10.3390/s91210447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lasers and laser spectroscopic techniques have been extensively used in several applications since their advent, and the subject has been reviewed extensively in the last several decades. This review is focused on three areas of laser spectroscopic applications in atmospheric and environmental sensing; namely laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), and photoluminescence (PL) techniques used in the detection of solids, liquids, aerosols, trace gases, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc N. Fiddler
- NOAA-ISET Center, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 E Market Street Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Israel Begashaw
- Department of Physics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, 1601 E Market Street, Marteena Hall, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Matthew A. Mickens
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 E Market Street, New Science Building, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; E-Mail:
- Energy & Environmental Systems Program, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 E Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Michael S. Collingwood
- Energy & Environmental Systems Program, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 E Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Zerihun Assefa
- NOAA-ISET Center, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 E Market Street Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; E-Mail:
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 E Market Street, New Science Building, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Z.A.); (S.B.); Tel.: +1-336-285-2328/2255; Fax: +1-336-256-2542/ 334-7124
| | - Solomon Bililign
- NOAA-ISET Center, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 E Market Street Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; E-Mail:
- Department of Physics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, 1601 E Market Street, Marteena Hall, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Z.A.); (S.B.); Tel.: +1-336-285-2328/2255; Fax: +1-336-256-2542/ 334-7124
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