1
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Makkithaya KN, Mazumder N, Wang WH, Chen WL, Chen MC, Lee MX, Lin CY, Yeh YJ, Tsay GJ, Chopperla S, Mahato KK, Kao FJ, Zhuo GY. Investigating cartilage-related diseases by polarization-resolved second harmonic generation (P-SHG) imaging. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:026107. [PMID: 38694891 PMCID: PMC11062753 DOI: 10.1063/5.0196676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Establishing quantitative parameters for differentiating between healthy and diseased cartilage tissues by examining collagen fibril degradation patterns facilitates the understanding of tissue characteristics during disease progression. These findings could also complement existing clinical methods used to diagnose cartilage-related diseases. In this study, cartilage samples from normal, osteoarthritis (OA), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) tissues were prepared and analyzed using polarization-resolved second harmonic generation (P-SHG) imaging and quantitative image texture analysis. The enhanced molecular contrast obtained from this approach is expected to aid in distinguishing between healthy and diseased cartilage tissues. P-SHG image analysis revealed distinct parameters in the cartilage samples, reflecting variations in collagen fibril arrangement and organization across different pathological states. Normal tissues exhibited distinct χ33/χ31 values compared with those of OA and RA, indicating collagen type transition and cartilage erosion with chondrocyte swelling, respectively. Compared with those of normal tissues, OA samples demonstrated a higher degree of linear polarization, suggesting increased tissue birefringence due to the deposition of type-I collagen in the extracellular matrix. The distribution of the planar orientation of collagen fibrils revealed a more directional orientation in the OA samples, associated with increased type-I collagen, while the RA samples exhibited a heterogeneous molecular orientation. This study revealed that the imaging technique, the quantitative analysis of the images, and the derived parameters presented in this study could be used as a reference for disease diagnostics, providing a clear understanding of collagen fibril degradation in cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kausalya Neelavara Makkithaya
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Wei-Hsun Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chi Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Xin Lee
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yu Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ju Yeh
- Autoimmune Disease Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | | | - Sitaram Chopperla
- Department of Orthopedics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Krishna Kishore Mahato
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Fu-Jen Kao
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Zhuo
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
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2
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Guimarães P, Morgado M, Batista A. On the quantitative analysis of lamellar collagen arrangement with second-harmonic generation imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:2666-2680. [PMID: 38633085 PMCID: PMC11019681 DOI: 10.1364/boe.516817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) allows for the examination of collagen structure in collagenous tissues. Collagen is a fibrous protein found in abundance in the human body, present in bones, cartilage, the skin, and the cornea, among other areas, providing structure, support, and strength. Its structural arrangement is deeply intertwined with its function. For instance, in the cornea, alterations in collagen organization can result in severe visual impairments. Using SHG imaging, various metrics have demonstrated the potential to study collagen organization. The discrimination between healthy, keratoconus, and crosslinked corneas, assessment of injured tendons, or the characterization of breast and ovarian tumorous tissue have been demonstrated. Nevertheless, these metrics have not yet been objectively evaluated or compared. A total of five metrics were identified and implemented from the literature, and an additional approach adapted from texture analysis was proposed. In this study, we analyzed their effectiveness on a ground-truth set of artificially generated fibrous images. Our investigation provides the first comprehensive assessment of the performance of multiple metrics, identifying both the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and providing valuable insights for future applications of SHG imaging in medical diagnostics and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Guimarães
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Morgado
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Batista
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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3
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Matsuzaki S, Hase E, Takanari H, Hayashi Y, Hayashi Y, Oshikata H, Minamikawa T, Kimura S, Ichimura-Shimizu M, Yasui T, Harada M, Tsuneyama K. Quantification of collagen fiber properties in alcoholic liver fibrosis using polarization-resolved second harmonic generation microscopy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22100. [PMID: 38092851 PMCID: PMC10719293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48887-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is assessed mainly by conventional staining or second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, which can only provide collagen content in fibrotic area. We propose to use polarization-resolved SHG (PR-SHG) microscopy to quantify liver fibrosis in terms of collagen fiber orientation and crystallization. Liver samples obtained from autopsy cases with fibrosis stage of F0-F4 were evaluated with an SHG microscope, and 12 consecutive PR-SHG images were acquired while changing the polarization azimuth angle of the irradiated laser from 0° to 165° in 15° increments using polarizer. The fiber orientation angle (φ) and degree (ρ) of collagen were estimated from the images. The SHG-positive area increased as the fibrosis stage progressed, which was well consistent with Sirius Red staining. The value of φ was random regardless of fibrosis stage. The mean value of ρ (ρ-mean), which represents collagen fiber crystallinity, varied more as fibrosis progressed to stage F3, and converged to a significantly higher value in F4 than in other stages. Spatial dispersion of ρ (ρ-entropy) also showed increased variation in the stage F3 and decreased variation in the stage F4. It was shown that PR-SHG could provide new information on the properties of collagen fibers in human liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saya Matsuzaki
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Eiji Hase
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takanari
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Hayashi
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Tokushima University Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yusaku Hayashi
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Tokushima University Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Haruto Oshikata
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Tokushima University Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeo Minamikawa
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Mayuko Ichimura-Shimizu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasui
- Division of Next-Generation Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masafumi Harada
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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4
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Ji F, Quinn M, Hua Y, Lee PY, Sigal IA. 2D or not 2D? Mapping the in-depth inclination of the collagen fibers of the corneoscleral shell. Exp Eye Res 2023; 237:109701. [PMID: 37898229 PMCID: PMC10872428 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The collagen fibers of the corneoscleral shell play a central role in the eye mechanical behavior. Although it is well-known that these fibers form a complex three-dimensional interwoven structure, biomechanical and microstructural studies often assume that the fibers are aligned in-plane with the tissues. This is convenient as it removes the out-of-plane components and allows focusing on the 2D maps of in-plane fiber organization that are often quite complex. The simplification, however, risks missing potentially important aspects of the tissue architecture and mechanics. In the cornea, for instance, fibers with high in-depth inclination have been shown to be mechanically important. Outside the cornea, the in-depth fiber orientations have not been characterized, preventing a deeper understanding of their potential roles. Our goal was to characterize in-depth collagen fiber organization over the whole corneoscleral shell. Seven sheep whole-globe axial sections from eyes fixed at an IOP of 50 mmHg were imaged using polarized light microscopy to measure collagen fiber orientations and density. In-depth fiber orientation distributions and anisotropy (degree of fiber alignment) accounting for fiber density were quantified over the whole sclera and in 15 regions: central cornea, peripheral cornea, limbus, anterior equator, equator, posterior equator, posterior sclera and peripapillary sclera on both nasal and temporal sides. Orientation distributions were fitted using a combination of a uniform distribution and a sum of π-periodic von Mises distributions, each with three parameters: primary orientation μ, fiber concentration factor k, and weighting factor a. To study the features of fibers that are not in-plane, i.e., fiber inclination, we quantified the percentage of inclined fibers and the range of inclination angles (half width at half maximum of inclination angle distribution). Our measurements showed that the fibers were not uniformly in-plane but exhibited instead a wide range of in-depth orientations, with fibers significantly more aligned in-plane in the anterior parts of the globe. We found that fitting the orientation distributions required between one and three π-periodic von Mises distributions with different primary orientations and fiber concentration factors. Regions of the posterior globe, particularly on the temporal side, had a larger percentage of inclined fibers and a larger range of inclination angles than anterior and equatorial regions. Variations of orientation distributions and anisotropies may imply varying out-of-plane tissue mechanical properties around the eye globe. Out-of-plane fibers could indicate fiber interweaving, not necessarily long, inclined fibers. Effects of small-scale fiber undulations, or crimp, were minimized by using tissues from eyes at high IOPs. These fiber features also play a role in tissue stiffness and stability and are therefore also important experimental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marissa Quinn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yi Hua
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Po-Yi Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ian A Sigal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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5
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Alizadeh M, Krouglov S, Barzda V. Polarimetric second-harmonic generation microscopy of partially oriented fibers I: Digital modeling. Biophys J 2023; 122:3924-3936. [PMID: 37608550 PMCID: PMC10560684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) in biological tissues originates predominantly from noncentrosymmetric fibrillar structures partially oriented within a focal volume (voxel) of a multiphoton excitation microscope. This study is aimed to elucidate fibrillar organization factors influencing SHG intensity, as well as achiral, R, and chiral, C, nonlinear susceptibility tensor component ratios. SHG response is calculated for various configurations of fibrils in a voxel using the digital nonlinear microscope. The R and C ratios are calculated using linear incident and outgoing polarization states that simulate polarization-in polarization-out polarimetric measurements. The investigation shows strong SHG intensity dependence on parallel/antiparallel fiber organization. The R and C ratios are strongly influenced by the fiber chirality, tilting of the fibers out of the image plane, and crossing of the fibers. The computational modeling provides the basis for the interpretation of polarimetric SHG microscopy images in terms of the ultrastructural organization of fibers in each voxel of the samples. The modeling results are employed in the accompanying paper to investigate the ultrastructures with parallel/antiparallel fibers and two-dimensional and tree-dimensional crossing fibers in biological and biomimetic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Alizadeh
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Serguei Krouglov
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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6
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Alizadeh M, Habach F, Maciulis M, Kontenis L, Bagdonas S, Krouglov S, Baranauskas V, Bulotiene D, Karabanovas V, Rotomskis R, Akens MK, Barzda V. Polarimetric second harmonic generation microscopy of partially oriented fibers II: Imaging study. Biophys J 2023; 122:3937-3949. [PMID: 37621088 PMCID: PMC10560685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polarimetric second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy imaging is employed to investigate the ultrastructural organization of biological and biomimetic partially oriented fibrillar structures. The linear polarization-in polarization-out SHG microscopy measurements are conducted with rat tail tendon, rabbit cornea, pig cartilage, and biomimetic meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine (TPPS4) cylindrical aggregates, which represent different two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) configurations of C6 symmetry fibril structures in the focal volume (voxel) of the microscope. The polarization-in polarization-out imaging of rat tail tendon reveals that SHG intensity is affected by parallel/antiparallel arrangements of the fibers, and achiral (R) and chiral (C) susceptibility component ratio values change by tilting the tendon fibers out of image plane. The R ratio changes for the 2D crossing fibers observed in cornea tissue. The 3D crossing of fibers also affects R ratio in cartilage tissue. The distinctly different dependence of R on crossing and tilting of fibers is demonstrated in collagen and TPPS4 aggregates, due to the achiral molecular susceptibility ratio having values below and above 3, respectively. The polarimetric microscopy results correspond well with the analytical expressions of amplitude and R and C ratios dependence on the crossing angle of the fibers. The experimentally measured SHG intensity and R and C ratio maps are consistent with the computational modeling of various fiber configurations presented in the preceding article. The demonstrated SHG intensity and R and C ratio dependencies on fibril configurations provide the basis for interpreting polarimetric SHG microscopy images in terms of 3D ultrastructural organization of fibers in each voxel of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Alizadeh
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Fayez Habach
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mykolas Maciulis
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lukas Kontenis
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Light Conversion, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Bagdonas
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Serguei Krouglov
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vytautas Baranauskas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Science Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Danute Bulotiene
- Biomedical Physics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vitalijus Karabanovas
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Biomedical Physics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ricardas Rotomskis
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Biomedical Physics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Margarete K Akens
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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7
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Raoux C, Chessel A, Mahou P, Latour G, Schanne-Klein MC. Unveiling the lamellar structure of the human cornea over its full thickness using polarization-resolved SHG microscopy. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:190. [PMID: 37528091 PMCID: PMC10394036 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
A key property of the human cornea is to maintain its curvature and consequently its refraction capability despite daily changes in intraocular pressure. This is closely related to the multiscale structure of the corneal stroma, which consists of 1-3 µm-thick stacked lamellae made of thin collagen fibrils. Nevertheless, the distribution, size, and orientation of these lamellae along the depth of the cornea are poorly characterized up to now. In this study, we use second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy to visualize the collagen distribution over the full depth of 10 intact and unstained human corneas (500-600 µm thick). We take advantage of the small coherence length in epi-detection to axially resolve the lamellae while maintaining the corneal physiological curvature. Moreover, as raw epi-detected SHG images are spatially homogenous because of the sub-wavelength size of stromal collagen fibrils, we use a polarimetric approach to measure the collagen orientation in every voxel. After a careful validation of this approach, we show that the collagen lamellae (i) are mostly oriented along the inferior-superior axis in the anterior stroma and along the nasal-temporal axis in the posterior stroma, with a gradual shift in between and (ii) exhibit more disorder in the anterior stroma. These results represent the first quantitative characterization of the lamellar structure of the human cornea continuously along its entire thickness with micrometric resolution. It also shows the unique potential of P-SHG microscopy for imaging of collagen distribution in thick dense tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clothilde Raoux
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Anatole Chessel
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Pierre Mahou
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Gaël Latour
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Claire Schanne-Klein
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France.
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8
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Aghigh A, Preston SEJ, Jargot G, Ibrahim H, Del Rincón SV, Légaré F. Nonlinear microscopy and deep learning classification for mammary gland microenvironment studies. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:2181-2195. [PMID: 37206132 PMCID: PMC10191635 DOI: 10.1364/boe.487087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Tumors, their microenvironment, and the mechanisms by which collagen morphology changes throughout cancer progression have recently been a topic of interest. Second harmonic generation (SHG) and polarization second harmonic (P-SHG) microscopy are label-free, hallmark methods that can highlight this alteration in the extracellular matrix (ECM). This article uses automated sample scanning SHG and P-SHG microscopy to investigate ECM deposition associated with tumors residing in the mammary gland. We show two different analysis approaches using the acquired images to distinguish collagen fibrillar orientation changes in the ECM. Lastly, we apply a supervised deep-learning model to classify naïve and tumor-bearing mammary gland SHG images. We benchmark the trained model using transfer learning with the well-known MobileNetV2 architecture. By fine-tuning the different parameters of these models, we show a trained deep-learning model that suits such a small dataset with 73% accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Aghigh
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, Québec, Canada
| | - Samuel E. J. Preston
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute and Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gaëtan Jargot
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, Québec, Canada
| | - Heide Ibrahim
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, Québec, Canada
| | - Sonia V Del Rincón
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute and Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Légaré
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, Québec, Canada
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9
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Martínez-Ojeda RM, Mugnier LM, Artal P, Bueno JM. Blind deconvolution of second harmonic microscopy images of the living human eye. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:2117-2128. [PMID: 37206134 PMCID: PMC10191662 DOI: 10.1364/boe.486989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging microscopy of thick biological tissues is affected by the presence of aberrations and scattering within the sample. Moreover, additional problems, such as uncontrolled movements, appear when imaging in-vivo. Deconvolution methods can be used to overcome these limitations under some conditions. In particular, we present here a technique based on a marginal blind deconvolution approach for improving SHG images obtained in vivo in the human eye (cornea and sclera). Different image quality metrics are used to quantify the attained improvement. Collagen fibers in both cornea and sclera are better visualized and their spatial distributions accurately assessed. This might be a useful tool to better discriminate between healthy and pathological tissues, especially those where changes in collagen distribution occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M. Martínez-Ojeda
- Laboratorio de Óptica,
Instituto Universitario de Investigación en
Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de
Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Ed. 34), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Artal
- Laboratorio de Óptica,
Instituto Universitario de Investigación en
Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de
Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Ed. 34), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan M. Bueno
- Laboratorio de Óptica,
Instituto Universitario de Investigación en
Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de
Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Ed. 34), 30100 Murcia, Spain
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10
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Aghigh A, Bancelin S, Rivard M, Pinsard M, Ibrahim H, Légaré F. Second harmonic generation microscopy: a powerful tool for bio-imaging. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:43-70. [PMID: 36909955 PMCID: PMC9995455 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-01041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is an important optical imaging technique in a variety of applications. This article describes the history and physical principles of SHG microscopy and its more advanced variants, as well as their strengths and weaknesses in biomedical applications. It also provides an overview of SHG and advanced SHG imaging in neuroscience and microtubule imaging and how these methods can aid in understanding microtubule formation, structuration, and involvement in neuronal function. Finally, we offer a perspective on the future of these methods and how technological advancements can help make SHG microscopy a more widely adopted imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Aghigh
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, QC Canada
| | | | - Maxime Rivard
- National Research Council Canada, Boucherville, QC Canada
| | - Maxime Pinsard
- Institut National de Recherche en Sciences Et Technologies Pour L’environnement Et L’agriculture, Paris, France
| | - Heide Ibrahim
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, QC Canada
| | - François Légaré
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, QC Canada
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11
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Nelson MS, Liu Y, Wilson HM, Li B, Rosado-Mendez IM, Rogers JD, Block WF, Eliceiri KW. Multiscale Label-Free Imaging of Fibrillar Collagen in the Tumor Microenvironment. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2614:187-235. [PMID: 36587127 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2914-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
With recent advances in cancer therapeutics, there is a great need for improved imaging methods for characterizing cancer onset and progression in a quantitative and actionable way. Collagen, the most abundant extracellular matrix protein in the tumor microenvironment (and the body in general), plays a multifaceted role, both hindering and promoting cancer invasion and progression. Collagen deposition can defend the tumor with immunosuppressive effects, while aligned collagen fiber structures can enable tumor cell migration, aiding invasion and metastasis. Given the complex role of collagen fiber organization and topology, imaging has been a tool of choice to characterize these changes on multiple spatial scales, from the organ and tumor scale to cellular and subcellular level. Macroscale density already aids in the detection and diagnosis of solid cancers, but progress is being made to integrate finer microscale features into the process. Here we review imaging modalities ranging from optical methods of second harmonic generation (SHG), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) to the medical imaging approaches of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These methods have enabled scientists and clinicians to better understand the impact collagen structure has on the tumor environment, at both the bulk scale (density) and microscale (fibrillar structure) levels. We focus on imaging methods with the potential to both examine the collagen structure in as natural a state as possible and still be clinically amenable, with an emphasis on label-free strategies, exploiting intrinsic optical properties of collagen fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Nelson
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yuming Liu
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Helen M Wilson
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ivan M Rosado-Mendez
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeremy D Rogers
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Walter F Block
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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12
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Batista A, Guimarães P, Domingues JP, Quadrado MJ, Morgado AM. Two-Photon Imaging for Non-Invasive Corneal Examination. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9699. [PMID: 36560071 PMCID: PMC9783858 DOI: 10.3390/s22249699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon imaging (TPI) microscopy, namely, two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), and second-harmonic generation (SHG) modalities, has emerged in the past years as a powerful tool for the examination of biological tissues. These modalities rely on different contrast mechanisms and are often used simultaneously to provide complementary information on morphology, metabolism, and structural properties of the imaged tissue. The cornea, being a transparent tissue, rich in collagen and with several cellular layers, is well-suited to be imaged by TPI microscopy. In this review, we discuss the physical principles behind TPI as well as its instrumentation. We also provide an overview of the current advances in TPI instrumentation and image analysis. We describe how TPI can be leveraged to retrieve unique information on the cornea and to complement the information provided by current clinical devices. The present state of corneal TPI is outlined. Finally, we discuss the obstacles that must be overcome and offer perspectives and outlooks to make clinical TPI of the human cornea a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Batista
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Guimarães
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Paulo Domingues
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Quadrado
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Miguel Morgado
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
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13
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Carmichael-Martins A, Gast TJ, Burns SA, Walker BR, King BJ. Characterization of the human iridocorneal angle in vivo using a custom design goniolens with OCT gonioscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:4652-4667. [PMID: 36187241 PMCID: PMC9484429 DOI: 10.1364/boe.465317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma progression, and many treatments target the trabecular meshwork (TM). Imaging this region in vivo is challenging due to optical limitations of imaging through the cornea at high angles. We propose a gonioscopic OCT approach using a custom goniolens and a commercially available OCT device to improve imaging of the TM, Schlemm's canal (SC) and adjacent structures within the iridocorneal angle (ICA). The goniolens is modified with a plano-convex focusing lens and placed on the eye optically mated with goniogel and aided by a 3D adjustable mount. Gonioscopic OCT volume scans are acquired to image SC. Transverse enface images allowed measurements of SC over a 45° section of the ICA for the first time and revealed locations of SC narrowing. The band of extracanalicular limbal lamina and corneoscleral bands were imaged in most subjects and these bands were confirmed using exterior OCT imaging. The polarization dependence of the visibility of these structures is studied by polarization rotation the OCT beam with a half-wave plate, allowing increased contrast of SC. Gonioscopic OCT has successfully been used to image the human ICA in 3D in vivo. This approach provides more detailed characterization of the TM and SC, enhancing their contrast against their birefringent backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J. Gast
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA
| | - Stephen A. Burns
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA
| | - Brittany R. Walker
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA
| | - Brett J. King
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA
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14
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Khan S, Neuhaus K, Thaware O, Ni S, Ju MJ, Redd T, Huang D, Jian Y. Corneal imaging with blue-light optical coherence microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:5004-5014. [PMID: 36187260 PMCID: PMC9484440 DOI: 10.1364/boe.465707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Corneal imaging is important for the diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation of many eye diseases. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is extensively used in ocular imaging due to its non-invasive and high-resolution volumetric imaging characteristics. Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) is a technical variation of OCT that can image the cornea with cellular resolution. Here, we demonstrate a blue-light OCM as a low-cost and easily reproducible system to visualize corneal cellular structures such as epithelial cells, endothelial cells, keratocytes, and collagen bundles within stromal lamellae. Our blue-light OCM system achieved an axial resolution of 12 µm in tissue over a 1.2 mm imaging depth, and a lateral resolution of 1.6 µm over a field of view of 750 µm × 750 µm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjida Khan
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Kai Neuhaus
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Omkar Thaware
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Shuibin Ni
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Myeong Jin Ju
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual
Sciences, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering,
University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
BC, Canada
| | - Travis Redd
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - David Huang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yifan Jian
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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15
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PSHG-TISS: A collection of polarization-resolved second harmonic generation microscopy images of fixed tissues. Sci Data 2022; 9:376. [PMID: 35780180 PMCID: PMC9250519 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is acknowledged as an established imaging technique capable to provide information on the collagen architecture in tissues that is highly valuable for the diagnostics of various pathologies. The polarization-resolved extension of SHG (PSHG) microscopy, together with associated image processing methods, retrieves extensive image sets under different input polarization settings, which are not fully exploited in clinical settings. To facilitate this, we introduce PSHG-TISS, a collection of PSHG images, accompanied by additional computationally generated images which can be used to complement the subjective qualitative analysis of SHG images. These latter have been calculated using the single-axis molecule model for collagen and provide 2D representations of different specific PSHG parameters known to account for the collagen structure and distribution. PSHG-TISS can aid refining existing PSHG image analysis methods, while also supporting the development of novel image processing and analysis methods capable to extract meaningful quantitative data from the raw PSHG image sets. PSHG-TISS can facilitate the breadth and widespread of PSHG applications in tissue analysis and diagnostics. Measurement(s) | Type I Collagen | Technology Type(s) | multi-photon laser scanning microscopy | Factor Type(s) | second order susceptibility tensor elements | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Homo sapiens | Sample Characteristic - Environment | laboratory environment | Sample Characteristic - Location | Romania |
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16
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Giraudet C, Diaz J, Le Tallec P, Allain JM. Multiscale mechanical model based on patient-specific geometry: Application to early keratoconus development. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 129:105121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Comparison between Cylindrical, Trigonal, and General Symmetry Models for the Analysis of Polarization-Dependent Second Harmonic Generation Measurements Acquired from Collagen-Rich Equine Pericardium Samples. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9040254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polarization-dependent second harmonic generation (PSHG) microscopy is used as an innovative, high-resolution, non-destructive, and label-free diagnostic imaging tool to elucidate biological issues with high significance. In the present study, information on the structure and directionality of collagen fibers in equine pericardium tissue was collected using PSHG imaging measurements. In an effort to acquire precise results, three different mathematical models (cylindrical, trigonal, and general) were applied to the analysis of the recorded PSHG datasets. A factor called the “ratio parameter” was calculated to provide quantitative information. The implementation of the trigonal symmetry model to the recorded data led to the extraction of improved results compared with the application of the widely used cylindrical symmetry model. The best outcome was achieved through the application of the general model that does not include any kind of symmetry for the data processing. Our findings suggest that the trigonal symmetry model is preferable for the analysis of the PSHG datasets acquired from the collagenous tissues compared with the cylindrical model approach although an increased computational time is required.
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18
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Schmeltz M, Robinet L, Heu-Thao S, Sintès JM, Teulon C, Ducourthial G, Mahou P, Schanne-Klein MC, Latour G. Noninvasive quantitative assessment of collagen degradation in parchments by polarization-resolved SHG microscopy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/29/eabg1090. [PMID: 34272247 PMCID: PMC8284887 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nondestructive and noninvasive investigation techniques are highly sought-after to establish the degradation state of historical parchments, which is up to now assessed by thermal techniques that are invasive and destructive. We show that advanced nonlinear optical (NLO) microscopy enables quantitative in situ mapping of parchment degradation at the micrometer scale. We introduce two parameters that are sensitive to different degradation stages: the ratio of two-photon excited fluorescence to second harmonic generation (SHG) signals probes severe degradation, while the anisotropy parameter extracted from polarization-resolved SHG measurements is sensitive to early degradation. This approach is first validated by comparing NLO quantitative parameters to thermal measurements on artificially altered contemporary parchments. We then analyze invaluable parchments from the Middle Ages and show that we can map their conservation state and assess the impact of a restoration process. NLO quantitative microscopy should therefore help to identify parchments most at risk and optimize restoration methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Schmeltz
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Laurianne Robinet
- Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Ministère de la Culture, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Heu-Thao
- Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Ministère de la Culture, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Sintès
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Claire Teulon
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Guillaume Ducourthial
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Pierre Mahou
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Marie-Claire Schanne-Klein
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Gaël Latour
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Aubin, France
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19
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Raoux C, Schmeltz M, Bied M, Alnawaiseh M, Hansen U, Latour G, Schanne-Klein MC. Quantitative structural imaging of keratoconic corneas using polarization-resolved SHG microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:4163-4178. [PMID: 34457406 PMCID: PMC8367248 DOI: 10.1364/boe.426145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The human cornea is mainly composed of collagen fibrils aligned together within stacked lamellae. This lamellar structure can be affected in pathologies such as keratoconus, which is characterized by progressive corneal thinning and local steepening. In this study, we use polarization-resolved second harmonic generation (P-SHG) microscopy to characterize 8 control and 6 keratoconic human corneas. Automated processing of P-SHG images of transverse sections provides the collagen orientation in every pixel with sub-micrometer resolution. Series of P-SHG images recorded in the most anterior region of the stroma evidence sutural lamellae inclined at 22° ± 5° to the corneal surface, but show no significant difference between control and keratoconic corneas. In contrast, series of P-SHG images acquired along the full thickness of the stroma show a loss of order in the lamellar structure of keratoconic corneas, in agreement with their defective mechanical properties. This structural difference is analyzed quantitatively by computing the entropy and the orientation index of the collagen orientation distribution and significant differences are obtained along the full thickness of the stroma. This study shows that P-SHG is an effective tool for automatic quantitative analysis of structural defects of human corneas and should be applied to other collagen-rich tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clothilde Raoux
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Margaux Schmeltz
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Marion Bied
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Maged Alnawaiseh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Fulda, University of Marburg, Campus Fulda, 36043 Fulda, Germany
| | - Uwe Hansen
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gaël Latour
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Marie-Claire Schanne-Klein
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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20
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Niemczyk M, Danielewska ME, Kostyszak MA, Lewandowski D, Iskander DR. The effect of intraocular pressure elevation and related ocular biometry changes on corneal OCT speckle distribution in porcine eyes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249213. [PMID: 33770135 PMCID: PMC7997020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) and cooccurring changes in ocular biometry parameters on the corneal optical coherence tomography (OCT) speckle distribution in ex-vivo experiments on porcine intact eyes. Twenty-three eyeballs were used in the inflation test where IOP in the anterior chamber was precisely set from 10 mmHg to 40 mmHg in steps of 5 mmHg and where eye biometry was utilized (IOL Master 700). To assess the influence of the duration of the experiment on the OCT speckle statistics, the second experiment was performed with 10 eyeballs at the constant IOP of 15 mmHg. Based on the OCT scans of central cornea (Copernicus REVO), spatial maps of the scale parameter (a) and the shape parameter (v) of the gamma distribution speckle model were estimated. The means of both parameters for each spatial map were computed within the 2 mm of the central stroma. Both distributional parameters statistically significantly varied with IOP and time (one way repeated measures ANOVA, all p-values < 0.001). The a parameter revealed a faster statistically significant increase in IOP up to 25 mmHg, regardless of time. Central corneal thickness (CCT), the anterior chamber depth, and the mean equivalent spherical power varied significantly with IOP, whereas CCT and axial length changed statistically significantly with time. Statistically significant correlation was found between CCT and the a parameter, after removing IOP as a confounding factor (r = -0.576, p < 0.001). The parameters of the gamma distribution can be used not only for identifying IOP induced changes in the optical scattering within the corneal stroma, but also in corneal geometry. The approach of corneal speckle analysis could be potentially utilized for an indirect and noninvasive assessment of some properties of corneal stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Niemczyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika E. Danielewska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata A. Kostyszak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Lewandowski
- Department of Mechanics, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - D. Robert Iskander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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21
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Miler I, Rabasovic MD, Aleksic M, Krmpot AJ, Kalezic A, Jankovic A, Korac B, Korac A. Polarization-resolved SHG imaging as a fast screening method for collagen alterations during aging: Comparison with light and electron microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000362. [PMID: 33231371 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study on rat skin showed that cumulative oxidative pressure induces profound structural and ultrastructural alterations in both rat skin epidermis and dermis during aging. Here, we aimed to investigate the biophotonic properties of collagen as a main dermal component in the function of chronological aging. We used second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) on 5 μm thick skin paraffin sections from 15-day-, 1-month- and 21-month-old rats, respectively, to analyze collagen alterations, in comparison to conventional light and electron microscopy methods. Obtained results show that polarization-resolved SHG (PSHG) images can detect collagen fiber alterations in line with chronological aging and that this method is consistent with light and electron microscopy. Moreover, the β coefficient calculated from PSHG images points out that delicate alterations lead to a more ordered structure of collagen molecules due to oxidative damage. The results of this study also open the possibility of successfully applying this fast and label-free method to previously fixed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Miler
- Institute for Application of Nuclear Energy-INEP, University of Belgrade, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
| | | | - Marija Aleksic
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Electron Microscopy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Andjelika Kalezic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jankovic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bato Korac
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Electron Microscopy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Korac
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Electron Microscopy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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22
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James DS, Campagnola PJ. Recent Advancements in Optical Harmonic Generation Microscopy: Applications and Perspectives. BME FRONTIERS 2021; 2021:3973857. [PMID: 37849910 PMCID: PMC10521653 DOI: 10.34133/2021/3973857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG) microscopies have emerged as powerful imaging modalities to examine structural properties of a wide range of biological tissues. Although SHG and THG arise from very different contrast mechanisms, the two are complimentary and can often be collected simultaneously using a modified multiphoton microscope. In this review, we discuss the needed instrumentation for these modalities as well as the underlying theoretical principles of SHG and THG in tissue and describe how these can be leveraged to extract unique structural information. We provide an overview of recent advances showing how SHG microscopy has been used to evaluate collagen alterations in the extracellular matrix and how this has been used to advance our knowledge of cancers, fibroses, and the cornea, as well as in tissue engineering applications. Specific examples using polarization-resolved approaches and machine learning algorithms are highlighted. Similarly, we review how THG has enabled developmental biology and skin cancer studies due to its sensitivity to changes in refractive index, which are ubiquitous in all cell and tissue assemblies. Lastly, we offer perspectives and outlooks on future directions of SHG and THG microscopies and present unresolved questions, especially in terms of overall miniaturization and the development of microendoscopy instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian S. James
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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23
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Shen R, Fang H, Zhao J, Ouyang D, Wang M, Wu X, Ruan S. Over 10 W linearly polarized supercontinuum directly produced in an erbium-doped fiber MOPA seeded with stretched soliton. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:257-263. [PMID: 33448947 DOI: 10.1364/ao.411860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally achieve over 10 W linearly polarized supercontinuum (SC) generation in a polarization-maintaining (PM) erbium-doped fiber (EDF) master oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA). The house-built PM seeding EDF laser can deliver ∼209fs soliton around ∼1563.7nm, which is then stretched to >15ps using a long piece of normal-dispersion fiber. The wideband spectrum of the ultrashort seeding soliton facilitates the further spectral broadening with nonlinear effects. The soliton stretching decelerates the peak power increase, thus facilitating higher amplified average power. After several stages of pre-amplification, the stretched soliton is fed into the main amplifier constructed with PM large mode area fibers. The output average power is finally amplified to ∼11.51W. The corresponding spectrum spans from ∼1450 to ∼2200nm, indicating that SC is formed due to the induced strong nonlinear effects. The polarization extinction ratio at the output reaches over 18 dB. The PM characteristic potentially enhances the system's resistance to environmental disturbances and eliminates instabilities relating to polarization-mode coupling. Our result represents, so far, the highest SC power directly produced in an EDF MOPA, to the best of our knowledge, especially in a linearly polarized manner. This also suggests a scheme for powerful SC generation that employs direct laser diode pumping and duration-managed pulse seeding.
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Webb JN, Zhang H, Sinha Roy A, Randleman JB, Scarcelli G. Detecting Mechanical Anisotropy of the Cornea Using Brillouin Microscopy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:26. [PMID: 32832232 PMCID: PMC7414627 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.7.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to detect the mechanical anisotropy of the cornea using Brillouin microscopy along different perturbation directions. Methods Brillouin frequency shift of both whole globes (n = 10) and cornea punches (n = 10) were measured at different angles to the incident laser, thereby probing corneal longitudinal modulus of elasticity along different directions. Frequency shift of virgin (n = 26) versus cross-linked corneas (n = 15) over a large range of hydration conditions were compared in order to differentiate the contributions to Brillouin shift due to hydration from those due to stromal tissue. Results We detected mechanical anisotropy of corneas, with an average frequency shift increase of 53 MHz and 96 MHz when the instrument probed from 0° to 15° and 30° along the direction of the stromal fibers. Brillouin microscopy did not lose sensitivity to mechanical anisotropy up to 96% water content. We experimentally measured and theoretically modeled how mechanical changes independent of hydration affect frequency shift as a result of corneal cross-linking by isolating an approximately 100 MHz increase in frequency shift following a cross-linking procedure purely due to changes of stromal tissue mechanics. Conclusions Brillouin microscopy is sensitive to mechanical anisotropy of the stroma even in highly hydrated corneas. The agreement between model and experimental data suggested a quantitative relationship between Brillouin frequency shift, hydration state of the cornea, and stromal tissue stiffness. Translational Relevance The protocol and model validated throughout this study offer a path for comprehensive measurements of corneal mechanics within the clinic; allowing for improved evaluation of the long-term mechanical efficacy of cross-linking procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N Webb
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Chen WC, Chen YJ, Lin ST, Hung WH, Chan MC, Wu IC, Wu MT, Kuo CT, Das S, Kao FJ, Zhuo GY. Label-free characterization of collagen fibers in cancerous esophagus tissues using ratiometric nonlinear optical microscopy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1213-1221. [PMID: 32536201 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220934039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The issue of classifying esophageal cancer at various developmental stages is crucial for determining the optimized treatment protocol for the patients, as well as the prognosis. Precision improvement in staging esophageal cancer keeps seeking quantitative and analytical imaging methods that could augment histopathological techniques. In this work, we used nonlinear optical microscopy for ratiometric analysis on the intrinsic signal of two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) from single collagen fibers only in submucosa of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The blind tests of TPEF/SHG and forward (F)/backward (B) SHG were demonstrated to compare with the histology conclusion. The discussion of sensitivity and specificity was provided via statistical comparison between the four stages of esophageal cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of using these two ratios in combination for staging ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chung Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ting Lin
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Han Hung
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Chan
- Institute of Photonic System, College of Photonics, National Chiao-Tung University, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chie-Tong Kuo
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Subir Das
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jen Kao
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Zhuo
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwans
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26
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Li Q, Karnowski K, Untracht G, Noble PB, Cense B, Villiger M, Sampson DD. Vectorial birefringence imaging by optical coherence microscopy for assessing fibrillar microstructures in the cornea and limbus. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:1122-1138. [PMID: 32206403 PMCID: PMC7041478 DOI: 10.1364/boe.382755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The organization of fibrillar tissue on the micrometer scale carries direct implications for health and disease but remains difficult to assess in vivo. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography measures birefringence, which relates to the microscopic arrangement of fibrillar tissue components. Here, we demonstrate a critical improvement in leveraging this contrast mechanism by employing the improved spatial resolution of focus-extended optical coherence microscopy (1.4 µm axially in air and 1.6 µm laterally, over more than 70 µm depth of field). Vectorial birefringence imaging of sheep cornea ex vivo reveals its lamellar organization into thin sections with distinct local optic axis orientations, paving the way to resolving similar features in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Li
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Karol Karnowski
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gavrielle Untracht
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Peter B. Noble
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Barry Cense
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Martin Villiger
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David D. Sampson
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Surrey Biophotonics, School of Physics and School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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27
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Ni M, Zhuo S, Iliescu C, So PTC, Mehta JS, Yu H, Hauser CAE. Self-assembling amyloid-like peptides as exogenous second harmonic probes for bioimaging applications. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900065. [PMID: 31162811 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-like peptides are an ideal model for the mechanistic study of amyloidosis, which may lead to many human diseases, such as Alzheimer disease. This study reports a strong second harmonic generation (SHG) effect of amyloid-like peptides, having a signal equivalent to or even higher than those of endogenous collagen fibers. Several amyloid-like peptides (both synthetic and natural) were examined under SHG microscopy and shown they are SHG-active. These peptides can also be observed inside cells (in vitro). This interesting property can make these amyloid-like peptides second harmonic probes for bioimaging applications. Furthermore, SHG microscopy can provide a simple and label-free approach to detect amyloidosis. Lattice corneal dystrophy was chosen as a model disease of amyloidosis. Morphological difference between normal and diseased human corneal biopsy samples can be easily recognized, proving that SHG can be a useful tool for disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ni
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Shuangmu Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | | | - Peter T C So
- Biosystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Singapore Eye Institute and Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
| | - Hanry Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore
- Biosystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine & Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charlotte A E Hauser
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Alizadeh M, Merino D, Lombardo G, Lombardo M, Mencucci R, Ghotbi M, Loza-Alvarez P. Identifying crossing collagen fibers in human corneal tissues using pSHG images. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:3875-3888. [PMID: 31452981 PMCID: PMC6701537 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.003875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polarization sensitive second harmonic generation (pSHG) microscopy has been used previously to characterize the structure of collagen fibers in corneal samples. Due to the typical organization of the corneal stroma, the information that pSHG provides may be misleading in points where two different collagen fiber bundles orient along different direction crossings. Here, a simulation that illustrates the problem is presented, along with a novel method that is capable of identifying these crossing points. These results can be used to improve the evaluation of corneal collagen structure, and it has been applied to analyze pSHG data acquired from healthy and keratoconic human corneal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Alizadeh
- Department of Physics, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran St., 66177-15177, Sanandaj, Iran
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860, Barcelona, Spain
- Authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - D. Merino
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860, Barcelona, Spain
- UOC, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, 08018, Barcelona, Spain
- Authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - G. Lombardo
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, (Italy)
- Vision Engineering Italy srl, Via Livenza 3, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - M. Lombardo
- Vision Engineering Italy srl, Via Livenza 3, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - R. Mencucci
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - M. Ghotbi
- Department of Physics, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran St., 66177-15177, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - P. Loza-Alvarez
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Two-photon (2P) microscopy is a powerful tool for imaging and exploring label-free biological tissues at high resolution. Although this type of microscopy has been demonstrated in ex vivo ocular tissues of both humans and animal models, imaging the human eye in vivo has always been challenging. This work presents a novel compact 2P microscope for non-contact imaging of the anterior part of the living human eye. The performance of the instrument was tested and the maximum permissible exposure to protect ocular tissues established. To the best of our knowledge, 2P images of the in vivo human cornea, the sclera and the trabecular meshwork are shown for the very first time. Acquired images are of enough quality to visualize collagen arrangement and morphological features of clinical interest. Future implementations of this technique may constitute a potential tool for early diagnosis of ocular diseases at submicron scale.
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30
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Wang W, Wu B, Lin S, Li X, Liu J, Tan J. Rigorous modelling of second harmonic generation imaging through stratified media focused by radially polarized beams. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:19737-19748. [PMID: 31503729 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.019737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging, the specimen is often observed through an immersion medium and a cover glass whose refractive indices are usually different from that of the specimen. However, the currently used theoretical models are based on the assumption that the specimen is situated in a homogeneous medium. The limitation of these models is that they ignore the effects of the refractive index mismatches and the imaging depth. In this paper, we have demonstrated, for the first time to our knowledge, a rigorous model of SHG imaging through stratified media focused by radially polarized beams. Based on the proposed model, the detected SHG intensity patterns excited in a refractive index perfectly matched, aberration-free medium and in mismatched stratified media are compared. The effects of the imaging depth and effective numerical aperture (NA) on the performance of SHG imaging with oil immersion objectives are investigated by the stratified media model. It is found that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) in the axial direction at imaging depth of 80 µm is ~3.1 times as large as that of 10 µm imaging depth. While for the transverse FWHM, the increment is only about 23%. The quality of the SHG intensity distribution can be increased by reducing the NA appropriately at the expense of the detected signal strength. The proposed model is helpful to provide guidelines for the adaptive aberration correction in SHG imaging and can be used to optimize the experimental configuration.
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Mercatelli R, Mattana S, Capozzoli L, Ratto F, Rossi F, Pini R, Fioretto D, Pavone FS, Caponi S, Cicchi R. Morpho-mechanics of human collagen superstructures revealed by all-optical correlative micro-spectroscopies. Commun Biol 2019; 2:117. [PMID: 30937399 PMCID: PMC6435656 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In every biological tissue, morphological and topological properties strongly affect its mechanical features and behaviour, so that ultrastructure, composition and mechanical parameters are intimately connected. Overall, it is their correct interplay that guarantees the tissue functionality. The development of experimental methods able to correlate these properties would open new opportunities both in the biological and the biomedical fields. Here, we report a correlative study intended to map supramolecular morphology, biochemical composition and viscoelastic parameters of collagen by all-optical microscopies. In particular, using human corneal tissue as a benchmark, we correlate Second-Harmonic Generation maps with mechanical and biochemical imaging obtained by Brillouin and Raman micro-spectroscopy. The study highlights how subtle variations in supramolecular organization originate the peculiar mechanical behavior of different subtypes of corneal lamellae. The presented methodology paves the way to the non-invasive assessment of tissue morpho-mechanics in biological as well as synthetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Mercatelli
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council (CNR-INO), Via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sara Mattana
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council (CNR-INO), Via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Capozzoli
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, National Research Council (CNR-IFAC), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Center of Electron Microscopy “Laura Bonzi” (Ce.M.E), Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, National Research Council (CNR-ICCOM), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ratto
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, National Research Council (CNR-IFAC), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossi
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, National Research Council (CNR-IFAC), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Roberto Pini
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, National Research Council (CNR-IFAC), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Daniele Fioretto
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- CEMIN-Center of Excellence for Innovative Nanostructured Material, Via Alessandro Pascoli, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Pavone
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council (CNR-INO), Via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Giovanni Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Caponi
- Institute of Materials, National Research Council (CNR-IOM), Unit of Perugia, c/o Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cicchi
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council (CNR-INO), Via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Yu D, Brown EB, Huxlin KR, Knox WH. Tissue effects of intra-tissue refractive index shaping (IRIS): insights from two-photon autofluorescence and second harmonic generation microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:855-867. [PMID: 30800519 PMCID: PMC6377903 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.000855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Intra-tissue refractive index shaping (IRIS) is a novel, non-ablative form of vision correction by which femtosecond laser pulses are tightly focused into ocular tissues to induce localized refractive index (RI) change via nonlinear absorption. Here, we examined the effects of Blue-IRIS on corneal microstructure to gain insights into underlying mechanisms. Three-layer grating patterns were inscribed with IRIS ~180 µm below the epithelial surface of ex vivo rabbit globes using a 400 nm femtosecond laser. Keeping laser power constant at 82 mW in the focal volume, multiple patterns were written at different scan speeds. The largest RI change induced in this study was + 0.011 at 20 mm/s. After measuring the phase change profile of each inscribed pattern, two-photon excited autofluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy were used to quantify changes in stromal structure. While TPEF increased significantly with induced RI change, there was a noticeable suppression of SHG signal in IRIS treated regions. We posit that enhancement of TPEF was due to the formation of new fluorophores, while decreases in SHG were most likely due to degradation of collagen triple helices. All in all, the changes observed suggest that IRIS works by inducing a localized, photochemical change in collagen structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Edward B. Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Krystel R. Huxlin
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Wayne H. Knox
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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Nishisako S, Aoki D, Sasaki C, Higa K, Shimazaki J. Comparison of Artificial Anterior Chamber Internal Pressures and Cutting Systems for Descemet's Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2018; 7:11. [PMID: 30510855 PMCID: PMC6262888 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.7.6.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To optimize methods of preparing donor cornea tissue for Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK), we compared five experimental conditions with different internal pressures and cutting systems. Methods The artificial anterior chamber internal pressure (IP) was set at 100 or 200 mm Hg. The microkeratome cut was performed with or without an artificial chamber pressurizer (ACP), using a CBm turbine (CBm) or one use-plus automated (OUP-A). Thirty human research corneas were divided into five groups, and compared after the cut with donor tissue quality parameters, including cutting depth, graft uniformity, cell evaluation, and smoothness of the stromal surface. Results The smallest variation in mean cut depth was observed in the condition, which had IP of 200 mm Hg used ACP and OUP-A. In experimental groups cut using CBm, significantly more consistent thicknesses were made at an IP of 200 than 100 mm Hg. There were no statistically significant differences among the groups in either endothelial cell density or cell viable assay results after cuts. Using an IP of 200 mm Hg with ACP and CBm produced the roughest stromal surface, and the roughness grading scores showed a positive correlation with the percentage of cut depth. Conclusions An IP of 200 mm Hg was the best setting for DSAEK grafts with high predictability of cut depth and uniformity of graft thickness without endothelial cell damage. Translational Relevance For successful DSAEK, it is recommended that a set internal pressure of 200 mm Hg be used during microkeratome cutting for donor tissue preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Nishisako
- Cornea Center and Eye Bank, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Dai Aoki
- Cornea Center and Eye Bank, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chiaki Sasaki
- Cornea Center and Eye Bank, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazunari Higa
- Cornea Center and Eye Bank, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Shimazaki
- Cornea Center and Eye Bank, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Nolte L, Antonopoulos GC, Rämisch L, Heisterkamp A, Ripken T, Meyer H. Enabling second harmonic generation as a contrast mechanism for optical projection tomography (OPT) and scanning laser optical tomography (SLOT). BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:2627-2639. [PMID: 30258678 PMCID: PMC6154203 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.002627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Volumetric imaging of connective tissue provides insights into the structure of biological tissue. Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has become a standard method to image collagen rich tissue like skin or cornea. Due to the non-centrosymmetric architecture, no additional label is needed and tissue can be visualized noninvasively. Thus, SHG microscopy enables the investigation of collagen associated diseases, providing high resolution images and a field of view of several hundreds of μm. However, the in toto visualization of larger samples is limited to the working distance of the objective and the integration time of the microscope setup, which can sum up to several hours and days. A faster imaging technique for samples in the mesoscopic range is scanning laser optical tomography (SLOT), which provides linear fluorescence, scattering and absorption as intrinsic contrast mechanisms. Due to the advantages of SHG and the reduced measurement time of SLOT, the integration of SHG in SLOT would be a great extension. This way SHG measurements could be performed faster on large samples, providing isotropic resolution and simultaneous acquisition of all other contrast mechanisms available, such as fluorescence and absorption. SLOT is based on the principle of computed tomography, which requires the rotation of the sample. The SHG signal, however, depends strongly on the sample orientation and the polarization of the laser, which results in SHG intensity fluctuation during sample rotation and prevents successful 3D reconstruction. In this paper we investigate the angular dependence of the SHG signal by simulation and experiment and found a way to eliminate reconstruction artifacts caused by this angular dependence in SHG-SLOT data. This way, it is now possible to visualize samples in the mesoscopic range using SHG-SLOT, with isotropic resolution and in correlation to other contrast mechanisms as absorption, fluorescence and scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Nolte
- Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover,
Germany
| | | | - Lisa Rämisch
- Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover,
Germany
| | | | - Tammo Ripken
- Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover,
Germany
| | - Heiko Meyer
- Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover,
Germany
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35
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Romijn EI, Finnøy A, Kumar R, Lilledahl MB. Automated calibration and control for polarization-resolved second harmonic generation on commercial microscopes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195027. [PMID: 29634729 PMCID: PMC5892897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarization-resolved second harmonic generation (P-SHG) microscopy has evolved as a promising technique to reveal subresolution information about the structure and orientation of ordered biological macromolecules. To extend the adoption of the technique, it should be easily integrated onto commercial laser scanning microscopes. Furthermore, procedures for easy calibration and assessment of measurement accuracy are essential, and measurements should be fully automated to allow for analysis of large quantities of samples. In this paper we present a setup for P-SHG which is readily incorporated on commercial multiphoton microscopes. The entire system is completely automated which allows for rapid calibration through the freely available software and for automated imaging for different polarization measurements, including linear and circular polarization of the excitation beam. The results show that calibration settings are highly system dependent. We also show that the accuracy of the polarization control is easily quantified and that it varies between systems. The accuracy can be tuned by iterative alignment of optics or a more fine-grained calibration procedure. Images of real samples show that the red accuracy of the results is easily visualized with the automated setup. Through this system we believe that P-SHG could develop a wider adoption in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth I Romijn
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andreas Finnøy
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magnus B Lilledahl
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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36
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Mazlin V, Xiao P, Dalimier E, Grieve K, Irsch K, Sahel JA, Fink M, Boccara AC. In vivo high resolution human corneal imaging using full-field optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:557-568. [PMID: 29552393 PMCID: PMC5854058 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.000557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present the first full-field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT) device capable of in vivo imaging of the human cornea. We obtained images of the epithelial structures, Bowman's layer, sub-basal nerve plexus (SNP), anterior and posterior stromal keratocytes, stromal nerves, Descemet's membrane and endothelial cells with visible nuclei. Images were acquired with a high lateral resolution of 1.7 µm and relatively large field-of-view of 1.26 mm x 1.26 mm - a combination, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been possible with other in vivo human eye imaging methods. The latter together with a contactless operation, make FFOCT a promising candidate for becoming a new tool in ophthalmic diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viacheslav Mazlin
- Institute Langevin, ESPCI PARIS, PSL Research University, 1 Rue Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Peng Xiao
- Institute Langevin, ESPCI PARIS, PSL Research University, 1 Rue Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Eugénie Dalimier
- LLTech SAS, 29 Rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Kate Grieve
- Vision Institute/CIC 1423, UPMC-Sorbonne Universities, UMR_S 968/INSERM, U968/CNRS, UMR_7210, 17 Rue Moreau, Paris, 75012, France
- Quinze-Vingts National Eye Hospital, 28 Rue de Charenton, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Kristina Irsch
- Vision Institute/CIC 1423, UPMC-Sorbonne Universities, UMR_S 968/INSERM, U968/CNRS, UMR_7210, 17 Rue Moreau, Paris, 75012, France
- Quinze-Vingts National Eye Hospital, 28 Rue de Charenton, Paris, 75012, France
- Laboratory of Ophthalmic Instrument Development, The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Vision Institute/CIC 1423, UPMC-Sorbonne Universities, UMR_S 968/INSERM, U968/CNRS, UMR_7210, 17 Rue Moreau, Paris, 75012, France
- Quinze-Vingts National Eye Hospital, 28 Rue de Charenton, Paris, 75012, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mathias Fink
- Institute Langevin, ESPCI PARIS, PSL Research University, 1 Rue Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | - A. Claude Boccara
- Institute Langevin, ESPCI PARIS, PSL Research University, 1 Rue Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
- LLTech SAS, 29 Rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, Paris, 75014, France
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37
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Radaelli F, D'Alfonso L, Collini M, Mingozzi F, Marongiu L, Granucci F, Zanoni I, Chirico G, Sironi L. μMAPPS: a novel phasor approach to second harmonic analysis for in vitro-in vivo investigation of collagen microstructure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17468. [PMID: 29234132 PMCID: PMC5727101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) is a label-free imaging method used to monitor collagen organization in tissues. Due to its sensitivity to the incident polarization, it provides microstructural information otherwise unreachable by other intensity based imaging methods. We develop and test a Microscopic Multiparametric Analysis by Phasor projection of Polarization-dependent SHG (μMAPPS) that maps the features of the collagen architecture in tissues at the micrometer scale. μMAPPS retrieves pixel-by-pixel the collagen fibrils anisotropy and orientation by operating directly on two coupled phasor spaces, avoiding direct fitting of the polarization dependent SHG signal. We apply μMAPPS to fixed tissue sections and to the study of the collagen microscopic organization in tumors ex-vivo and in-vivo. We develop a clustering algorithm to automatically group pixels with similar microstructural features. μMAPPS can perform fast analyses of tissues and opens to future applications for in-situ diagnosis of pathologies and diseases that could assist histo-pathological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Radaelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - L D'Alfonso
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - M Collini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milano, Italy. .,CNR - ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy.
| | - F Mingozzi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - L Marongiu
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - F Granucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - I Zanoni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, Italy.,Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Chirico
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milano, Italy.,CNR - ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - L Sironi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milano, Italy.
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38
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Ghoubay-Benallaoua D, de Sousa C, Martos R, Latour G, Schanne-Klein MC, Dupin E, Borderie V. Easy xeno-free and feeder-free method for isolating and growing limbal stromal and epithelial stem cells of the human cornea. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188398. [PMID: 29149196 PMCID: PMC5693460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial and stromal stem cells are required to maintain corneal transparency. The aim of the study was to develop a new method to isolate and grow both corneal stromal (SSC) and epithelial limbal (LSC) stem cells from small human limbal biopsies under culture conditions in accordance with safety requirements mandatory for clinical use in humans. Superficial limbal explants were retrieved from human donor corneo-scleral rims. Human limbal cells were dissociated by digestion with collagenase A, either after epithelial scraping or with no scraping. Isolated cells were cultured with Essential 8 medium (E8), E8 supplemented with EGF (E8+) or Green’s medium with 3T3 feeder-layers. Cells were characterized by immunostaining, RT-qPCR, colony forming efficiency, sphere formation, population doubling, second harmonic generation microscopy and differentiation potentials. LSC were obtained from unscraped explants in E8, E8+ and Green’s media and were characterized by colony formation and expression of PAX6, ΔNP63α, Bmi1, ABCG2, SOX9, CK14, CK15 and vimentin, with a few cells positive for CK3. LSC underwent 28 population doublings still forming colonies. SSC were obtained from both scraped and unscraped explants in E8 and E8+ media and were characterized by sphere formation, expression of PAX6, SOX2, BMI1, NESTIN, ABCG2, KERATOCAN, VIMENTIN, SOX9, SOX10 and HNK1, production of collagen fibrils and differentiation into keratocytes, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, neurons, adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteocytes. SSC underwent 48 population doublings still forming spheres, Thus, this new method allows both SSC and LSC to be isolated from small superficial limbal biopsies and to be primary cultured in feeder-free and xeno-free conditions, which will be useful for clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djida Ghoubay-Benallaoua
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, CNRS UMR 7210, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
| | | | - Raphaël Martos
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, CNRS UMR 7210, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Gaël Latour
- Laboratoire Imagerie et Modélisation en Neurobiologie et Cancérologie, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Marie-Claire Schanne-Klein
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM U1182, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Elisabeth Dupin
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, CNRS UMR 7210, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Borderie
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, CNRS UMR 7210, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
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39
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Stanciu SG, Ávila FJ, Hristu R, Bueno JM. A Study on Image Quality in Polarization-Resolved Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15476. [PMID: 29133836 PMCID: PMC5684207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy represents a very powerful tool for tissue characterization. Polarization-resolved SHG (PSHG) microscopy extends the potential of SHG, by exploiting the dependence of SHG signals on the polarization state of the excitation beam. Among others, this dependence translates to the fact that SHG images collected under different polarization configurations exhibit distinct characteristics in terms of content and appearance. These characteristics hold deep implications over image quality, as perceived by human observers or by image analysis methods custom designed to automatically extract a quality factor from digital images. Our work addresses this subject, by investigating how basic image properties and the outputs of no-reference image quality assessment methods correlate to human expert opinion in the case of PSHG micrographs. Our evaluation framework is based on SHG imaging of collagen-based ocular tissues under different linear and elliptical polarization states of the incident light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G Stanciu
- Center for Microscopy-Microanalysis and Information Processing, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
| | | | - Radu Hristu
- Center for Microscopy-Microanalysis and Information Processing, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Juan M Bueno
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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40
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Bueno JM, Ávila FJ, Artal P. Comparison of second harmonic microscopy images of collagen-based ocular tissues with 800 and 1045 nm. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:5065-5074. [PMID: 29188103 PMCID: PMC5695953 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging is a well-suited multiphoton technique allowing visualization of biological tissues mainly composed of collagen with submicron resolution. Despite its inherent confocal properties, imaging of deeper layers within thick samples has still some limitations. Although the use of longer wavelengths might help to overcome this, the dependence between SHG signals and wavelength is still under discussion. We report here on the dependence with wavelength of SHG signals from collagen-based ocular tissues. The quality of SHG images for two commonly used excitation wavelengths (800 and 1045 nm) is studied. The analysis of the collagen structural information reveals that the information provided by both wavelengths is similar. It was also found that, independently of the depth location, 1045-nm SHG images presented always lower signal levels than those acquired with 800 nm. However, the contrast of the former images was higher, what may improve the visualization of certain features of interest.
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41
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Grieve K, Ghoubay D, Georgeon C, Latour G, Nahas A, Plamann K, Crotti C, Bocheux R, Borderie M, Nguyen TM, Andreiuolo F, Schanne-Klein MC, Borderie V. Stromal striae: a new insight into corneal physiology and mechanics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13584. [PMID: 29051516 PMCID: PMC5648881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We uncover the significance of a previously unappreciated structural feature in corneal stroma, important to its biomechanics. Vogt striae are a known clinical indicator of keratoconus, and consist of dark, vertical lines crossing the corneal depth. However we detected stromal striae in most corneas, not only keratoconus. We observed striae with multiple imaging modalities in 82% of 118 human corneas, with pathology-specific differences. Striae generally depart from anchor points at Descemet’s membrane in the posterior stroma obliquely in a V-shape, whereas in keratoconus, striae depart vertically from posterior toward anterior stroma. Optical coherence tomography shear wave elastography showed discontinuity of rigidity, and second harmonic generation and scanning electron microscopies showed undulation of lamellae at striae locations. Striae visibility decreased beyond physiological pressure and increased beyond physiological hydration. Immunohistology revealed striae to predominantly contain collagen VI, lumican and keratocan. The role of these regions of collagen VI linking sets of lamellae may be to absorb increases in intraocular pressure and external shocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Grieve
- CHNO des Quinze Vingts, INSERM-DHOS CIC 503, Paris, France. .,Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France.
| | - Djida Ghoubay
- CHNO des Quinze Vingts, INSERM-DHOS CIC 503, Paris, France.,Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Gael Latour
- Laboratoire Imagerie et Modélisation en Neurobiologie et Cancérologie, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | | | - Karsten Plamann
- ENSTA ParisTech, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Caroline Crotti
- ENSTA ParisTech, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Marie Borderie
- CHNO des Quinze Vingts, INSERM-DHOS CIC 503, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Marie-Claire Schanne-Klein
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM U1182,Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Vincent Borderie
- CHNO des Quinze Vingts, INSERM-DHOS CIC 503, Paris, France.,Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
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42
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Dow XY, DeWalt EL, Sullivan SZ, Schmitt PD, Ulcickas JRW, Simpson GJ. Imaging the Nonlinear Susceptibility Tensor of Collagen by Nonlinear Optical Stokes Ellipsometry. Biophys J 2017; 111:1361-1374. [PMID: 27705760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear optical Stokes ellipsometric (NOSE) microscopy was demonstrated for the analysis of collagen-rich biological tissues. NOSE is based on polarization-dependent second harmonic generation imaging. NOSE was used to access the molecular-level distribution of collagen fibril orientation relative to the local fiber axis at every position within the field of view. Fibril tilt-angle distribution was investigated by combining the NOSE measurements with ab initio calculations of the predicted molecular nonlinear optical response of a single collagen triple helix. The results were compared with results obtained previously by scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, and electron tomography. These results were enabled by first measuring the laboratory-frame Jones nonlinear susceptibility tensor, then extending to the local-frame tensor through pixel-by-pixel corrections based on local orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximeng Y Dow
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Emma L DeWalt
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Shane Z Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Paul D Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Garth J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
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43
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Abstract
Second harmonic (SH) microscopy has proven to be a powerful imaging modality over the past years due to its intrinsic advantages as a multiphoton process with endogenous contrast specificity, which allows pinhole-less optical sectioning, non-invasive observation, deep tissue penetration, and the possibility of easier signal detection at visible wavelengths. Depending on the relative orientation between the polarization of the incoming light and the second-order susceptibility of non-centrosymmetric structures, SH microscopy provides the unique capacity to probe the absolute molecular structure of a broad variety of biological tissues without the necessity for additional labeling. In addition, SH microscopy, when working with polarimetry, provides clear and in-depth insights on the details of molecular orientation and structural symmetry. In this review, the working principles of the polarization resolving techniques and the corresponding implements of SH microscopy are elucidated, with focus on Stokes vector based polarimetry. An overview of the advancements on SH anisotropy measurements are also presented. Specifically, the recent progresses on the following three topics in polarization resolved SH microscopy will be elucidated, which include Stokes vector resolving for imaging molecular structure and orientation, 3-D structural chirality by SH circular dichroism, and correlation with fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) for in vivo wound healing diagnosis. The potentials and challenges for future researches in exploring complex biological tissues are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India.
| | - Gitanjal Deka
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Wu
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ankur Gogoi
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 112, Taiwan; Department of Physics, Jagannath Barooah College, Jorhat 785001, Assam, India
| | - Guan-Yu Zhuo
- Institute of Medical Science & Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jen Kao
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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44
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Interference figures of polarimetric interferometry analysis of the human corneal stroma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178397. [PMID: 28570631 PMCID: PMC5453517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A rotating polarimetric 90°-cross linear-filter interferometry system was used to detect the morphological characteristics and features of interference patterns produced in in-vivo corneal stroma in healthy human corneas of 23 subjects. The characteristic corneal isogyres presenting with an evident cross-shaped pattern, grossly aligned with the fixation axis, were observed in all patients with centers within the pupillary dark area, impeding the exact determination of the center point. During the rotational scan in 78.3% of the eyes the cross-shaped pattern of the isogyre gradually separated to form two distinct hyperbolic arcs in opposite quadrants, reaching their maximal separation at 45 degrees with respect to angle of cross-shaped pattern formation. The corneal cross and hyperbolic-pattern repeated every 90° throughout the 360° rotational scan. While the interpretation of the isogyres presents particular difficulties, two summary parameters can be extracted for each cornea: the presence/orientation of a single or two dark areas in post-processed images and isochromes. However, the development of dedicated software for semi-quantitative analysis of these parameters and enantiomorphism may become available in the near future. The possible application of polarimetric interferometry in the field of both corneal pathologies and corneal surgery may be of great interest for clinical purposes.
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45
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Mercatelli R, Ratto F, Rossi F, Tatini F, Menabuoni L, Malandrini A, Nicoletti R, Pini R, Pavone FS, Cicchi R. Three-dimensional mapping of the orientation of collagen corneal lamellae in healthy and keratoconic human corneas using SHG microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:75-83. [PMID: 27472438 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Keratoconus is an eye disorder that causes the cornea to take an abnormal conical shape, thus impairing its refractive functions and causing blindness. The late diagnosis of keratoconus is among the principal reasons for corneal surgical transplantation. This pathology is characterized by a reduced corneal stiffness in the region immediately below Bowman's membrane, probably due to a different lamellar organization, as suggested by previous studies. Here, the lamellar organization in this corneal region is characterized in three dimensions by means of second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. In particular, a method based on a three-dimensional correlation analysis allows to probe the orientation of sutural lamellae close to the Bowman's membrane, finding statistical differences between healthy and keratoconic samples. This method is demonstrated also in combination with an epi-detection scheme, paving the way for a potential clinical ophthalmic application of SHG microscopy for the early diagnosis of keratoconus. SHG image acquired with sagittal optical sectioning (A) of a healthy cornea and (B) of a keratoconic cornea. Scale bars: 30 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Mercatelli
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council (INO-CNR), Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ratto
- Institute of Applied Physics "N. Carrara" (IFAC-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossi
- Institute of Applied Physics "N. Carrara" (IFAC-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesca Tatini
- Institute of Applied Physics "N. Carrara" (IFAC-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Luca Menabuoni
- U.O. Oculistica Nuovo Ospedale S. Stefano, Via Suor Niccolina Infermiera 20, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Alex Malandrini
- U.O. Oculistica Nuovo Ospedale S. Stefano, Via Suor Niccolina Infermiera 20, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Pini
- Institute of Applied Physics "N. Carrara" (IFAC-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Pavone
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council (INO-CNR), Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cicchi
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council (INO-CNR), Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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46
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Couture CA, Bancelin S, Van der Kolk J, Popov K, Rivard M, Légaré K, Martel G, Richard H, Brown C, Laverty S, Ramunno L, Légaré F. The Impact of Collagen Fibril Polarity on Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Biophys J 2016; 109:2501-2510. [PMID: 26682809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report the implementation of interferometric second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy with femtosecond pulses. As a proof of concept, we imaged the phase distribution of SHG signal from the complex collagen architecture of juvenile equine growth cartilage. The results are analyzed in respect to numerical simulations to extract the relative orientation of collagen fibrils within the tissue. Our results reveal large domains of constant phase together with regions of quasi-random phase, which are correlated to respectively high- and low-intensity regions in the standard SHG images. A comparison with polarization-resolved SHG highlights the crucial role of relative fibril polarity in determining the SHG signal intensity. Indeed, it appears that even a well-organized noncentrosymmetric structure emits low SHG signal intensity if it has no predominant local polarity. This work illustrates how the complex architecture of noncentrosymmetric scatterers at the nanoscale governs the coherent building of SHG signal within the focal volume and is a key advance toward a complete understanding of the structural origin of SHG signals from tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles-André Couture
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bancelin
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Konstantin Popov
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maxime Rivard
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katherine Légaré
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Martel
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal, Sainte Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hélène Richard
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal, Sainte Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cameron Brown
- University of Oxford, Botnar Research Center, NDORMS, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Laverty
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal, Sainte Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lora Ramunno
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - François Légaré
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec, Canada.
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47
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Teulon C, Tidu A, Portier F, Mosser G, Schanne-Klein MC. Probing the 3D structure of cornea-like collagen liquid crystals with polarization-resolved SHG microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:16084-98. [PMID: 27410876 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.016084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This work aims at characterizing the three-dimensional organization of liquid crystals composed of collagen, in order to determine the physico-chemical conditions leading to highly organized structures found in biological tissues such as cornea. To that end, we use second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, since aligned collagen structures have been shown to exhibit intrinsic SHG signals. We combine polarization-resolved SHG experiments (P-SHG) with the theoretical derivation of the SHG signal of collagen molecules tilted with respect to the focal plane. Our P-SHG images exhibit striated patterns with variable contrast, as expected from our analytical and numerical calculations for plywood-like nematic structures similar to the ones found in the cornea. This study demonstrates the benefits of P-SHG microscopy for in situ characterization of highly organized biopolymers at micrometer scale, and the unique sensitivity of this nonlinear optical technique to the orientation of collagen molecules.
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Ávila FJ, Del Barco O, Bueno JM. Polarization response of second-harmonic images for different collagen spatial distributions. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:66015. [PMID: 27330006 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.6.066015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The response to polarization of second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy images of samples with different collagen distributions (quasialigned, partially organized, and nonorganized) has been analyzed. A linear decay relationship between the external arrangement and polarization sensitivity was found. SHG signal from nonorganized samples presented a large structural dispersion and a weak dependence with incident polarization. Polarization dependence is also associated with the internal organization of the collagen fibers, directly related to the ratio of hyperpolarizabilities ρ. This parameter can experimentally be computed from the modulation of the SHG signal. The results show that both external and internal collagen structures are closely related. This provides a tool to obtain information of internal properties from the polarimetric response of the external spatial distribution of collagen, which might be useful in clinical diagnosis of pathologies related to changes in collagen structure.
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Batista A, Breunig HG, Uchugonova A, Morgado AM, König K. Two-photon spectral fluorescence lifetime and second-harmonic generation imaging of the porcine cornea with a 12-femtosecond laser microscope. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:36002. [PMID: 26953661 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.3.036002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Five dimensional microscopy with a 12-fs laser scanning microscope based on spectrally resolved two-photon autofluorescence lifetime and second-harmonic generation (SHG) imaging was used to characterize all layers of the porcine cornea. This setup allowed the simultaneous excitation of both metabolic cofactors, NAD(P)H and flavins, and their discrimination based on their spectral emission properties and fluorescence decay characteristics. Furthermore, the architecture of the stromal collagen fibrils was assessed by SHG imaging in both forward and backward directions. Information on the metabolic state and the tissue architecture of the porcine cornea were obtained with subcellular resolution, and high temporal and spectral resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Batista
- Saarland University, Faculty of Physics and Mechatronics, Department of Biophotonics and Laser Technology, Campus A5.1, Saarbrücken 66123, GermanybUniversity of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Azinhaga San
| | - Hans Georg Breunig
- Saarland University, Faculty of Physics and Mechatronics, Department of Biophotonics and Laser Technology, Campus A5.1, Saarbrücken 66123, GermanycJenLab GmbH, Schillerstr. 1, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Aisada Uchugonova
- Saarland University, Faculty of Physics and Mechatronics, Department of Biophotonics and Laser Technology, Campus A5.1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - António Miguel Morgado
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Azinhaga Santa Comba-Celas, Coimbra 3000-548, PortugaldUniversity of Coimbra, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Department of Physics, Rua Larga, Coimbra 300
| | - Karsten König
- Saarland University, Faculty of Physics and Mechatronics, Department of Biophotonics and Laser Technology, Campus A5.1, Saarbrücken 66123, GermanycJenLab GmbH, Schillerstr. 1, Jena 07745, Germany
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50
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Bancelin S, Couture CA, Légaré K, Pinsard M, Rivard M, Brown C, Légaré F. Fast interferometric second harmonic generation microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:399-408. [PMID: 26977349 PMCID: PMC4771458 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the implementation of fast Interferometric Second Harmonic Generation (I-SHG) microscopy to study the polarity of non-centrosymmetric structures in biological tissues. Using a sample quartz plate, we calibrate the spatially varying phase shift introduced by the laser scanning system. Compensating this phase shift allows us to retrieve the correct phase distribution in periodically poled lithium niobate, used as a model sample. Finally, we used fast interferometric second harmonic generation microscopy to acquire phase images in tendon. Our results show that the method exposed here, using a laser scanning system, allows to recover the polarity of collagen fibrils, similarly to standard I-SHG (using a sample scanning system), but with an imaging time about 40 times shorter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bancelin
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT); 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes (QC), J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Charles-André Couture
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT); 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes (QC), J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Katherine Légaré
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT); 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes (QC), J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Maxime Pinsard
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT); 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes (QC), J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Maxime Rivard
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT); 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes (QC), J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Cameron Brown
- University of Oxford, Botnar Research Center, NDORMS, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK
| | - François Légaré
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT); 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes (QC), J3X 1S2, Canada
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