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Schraven S, Brück R, Rosenhain S, Lemainque T, Heines D, Noormohammadian H, Pabst O, Lederle W, Gremse F, Kiessling F. CT- and MRI-Aided Fluorescence Tomography Reconstructions for Biodistribution Analysis. Invest Radiol 2024; 59:504-512. [PMID: 38038691 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Optical fluorescence imaging can track the biodistribution of fluorophore-labeled drugs, nanoparticles, and antibodies longitudinally. In hybrid computed tomography-fluorescence tomography (CT-FLT), CT provides the anatomical information to generate scattering and absorption maps supporting a 3-dimensional reconstruction from the raw optical data. However, given the CT's limited soft tissue contrast, fluorescence reconstruction and quantification can be inaccurate and not sufficiently detailed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can overcome these limitations and extend the options for tissue characterization. Thus, we aimed to establish a hybrid CT-MRI-FLT approach for whole-body imaging and compared it with CT-FLT. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MRI-based hybrid imaging approaches were established first by scanning a water and coconut oil-filled phantom, second by quantifying Cy7 concentrations of inserts in dead mice, and finally by analyzing the biodistribution of AF750-labeled immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA) in living SKH1 mice. Magnetic resonance imaging, acquired with a fat-water-separated mDixon sequence, CT, and FLT were co-registered using markers in the mouse holder frame filled with white petrolatum, which was solid, stable, and visible in both modalities. RESULTS Computed tomography-MRI fusion was confirmed by comparing the segmentation agreement using Dice scores. Phantom segmentations showed good agreement, after correction for gradient linearity distortion and chemical shift. Organ segmentations in dead and living mice revealed adequate agreement for fusion. Marking the mouse holder frame and the successful CT-MRI fusion enabled MRI-FLT as well as CT-MRI-FLT reconstructions. Fluorescence tomography reconstructions supported by CT, MRI, or CT-MRI were comparable in dead mice with 60 pmol fluorescence inserts at different locations. Although standard CT-FLT reconstruction only considered general values for soft tissue, skin, lung, fat, and bone scattering, MRI's more versatile soft tissue contrast enabled the additional consideration of liver, kidneys, and brain. However, this did not change FLT reconstructions and quantifications significantly, whereas for extending scattering maps, it was important to accurately segment the organs and the entire mouse body. The various FLT reconstructions also provided comparable results for the in vivo biodistribution analyses with fluorescent immunoglobulins. However, MRI additionally enabled the visualization of gallbladder, thyroid, and brain. Furthermore, segmentations of liver, spleen, and kidney were more reliable due to better-defined contours than in CT. Therefore, the improved segmentations enabled better assignment of fluorescence signals and more differentiated conclusions with MRI-FLT. CONCLUSIONS Whole-body CT-MRI-FLT was implemented as a novel trimodal imaging approach, which allowed to more accurately assign fluorescence signals, thereby significantly improving pharmacokinetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schraven
- From the Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (S.S., R.B., S.R., T.L., D.H., W.L., F.G., F.K.); Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (H.N., O.P.); Gremse-IT GmbH, Aachen, Germany (S.R., F.G.); Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (T.L.); Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (F.K.); and Fraunhofer MEVIS, Institute for Medical Image Computing, Aachen, Germany (F.K.)
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2
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Boodaghi M, Libring S, Solorio L, Ardekani AM. A Bayesian approach to estimate the diffusion coefficient of Rhodamine 6G in breast cancer spheroids. J Control Release 2021; 340:60-71. [PMID: 34634388 PMCID: PMC8671317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular spheroids have emerged as a robust platform to model tumor growth and are widely used for studying drug sensitivity. Diffusion is the main mechanism for transporting nutrients and chemotherapeutic drugs into spheroids, since they are typically avascular. In this study, the Bayesian inference was used to solve the inverse problem of determining the light attenuation coefficient and diffusion coefficient of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) in breast cancer spheroids, as a mock drug for the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Neratinib. Four types of breast cancer spheroids were formed and the diffusion coefficient was estimated assuming a linear relationship between the intensity and concentration. The mathematical model used for prediction is the solution to the diffusion problem in spherical coordinates, accounting for the light attenuation. The Gaussian likelihood was used to account for the error between the measurements and model predictions. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm (MCMC) was used to sample from the posterior. The posterior predictions for the diffusion and light attenuation coefficients were provided. The results indicate that the diffusion coefficient values do not significantly vary across a HER2+ breast cancer cell line as a function of transglutaminase 2 levels, even in the presence of fibroblast cells. However, we demonstrate that different diffusion coefficient values can be ascertained from tumorigenic compared to nontumorigenic spheroids and from nonmetastatic compared to post-metastatic breast cancer cells using this approach. We also report agreement between spheroid radius, attenuation coefficient, and subsequent diffusion coefficient to give evidence of cell packing in self-assembled spheroids. The methodology presented here will allow researchers to determine diffusion in spheroids to decouple transport and drug penetration changes from biological resistivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miad Boodaghi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sarah Libring
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Arezoo M Ardekani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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3
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Wu M, Liu S, Leartprapun N, Adie S. Investigation of multiple scattering in space and spatial-frequency domains: with application to the analysis of aberration-diverse optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:7478-7499. [PMID: 35003847 PMCID: PMC8713691 DOI: 10.1364/boe.439395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical microscopy suffers from multiple scattering (MS), which limits the optical imaging depth into scattering media. We previously demonstrated aberration-diverse optical coherence tomography (AD-OCT) for MS suppression, based on the principle that for datasets acquired with different aberration states of the imaging beam, MS backgrounds become decorrelated while single scattering (SS) signals remain correlated, so that a simple coherent average can be used to enhance the SS signal over the MS background. Here, we propose a space/spatial-frequency domain analysis framework for the investigation of MS in OCT, and apply the framework to compare AD-OCT (using astigmatic beams) to standard Gaussian-beam OCT via experiments in scattering tissue phantoms. Utilizing this framework, we found that increasing the astigmatic magnitude produced a large drop in both MS background and SS signal, but the decay experienced by the MS background was larger than the SS signal. Accounting for the decay in both SS signal and MS background, the overall signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of AD-OCT was similar to the Gaussian control after about 10 coherent averages, when deeper line foci was positioned at the plane-of-interest and the line foci spacing was smaller than or equal to 80 µm. For an even larger line foci spacing of 160 µm, AD-OCT resulted in a lower SBR than the Gaussian-beam control. This work provides an analysis framework to gain deeper levels of understanding and insights for the future study of MS and MS suppression in both the space and spatial-frequency domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Wu
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Siyang Liu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Nichaluk Leartprapun
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Steven Adie
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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4
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Areias LRP, Mariz I, Maçôas E, Farinha JPS. Reflectance Confocal Microscopy: A Powerful Tool for Large Scale Characterization of Ordered/Disordered Morphology in Colloidal Photonic Structures. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11779-11788. [PMID: 34240840 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of appropriate methods to correlate the structure and optical properties of colloidal photonic structures is still a challenge. Structural information is mostly obtained by electron, X-ray, or optical microscopy methods and X-ray diffraction, while bulk spectroscopic methods and low resolution bright-field microscopy are used for optical characterization. Here, we describe the use of reflectance confocal microscopy as a simple and intuitive technique to provide a direct correlation between the ordered/disordered structural morphology of colloidal crystals and glasses, and their corresponding optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurinda R P Areias
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Mariz
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ermelinda Maçôas
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Paulo S Farinha
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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5
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Zhu J, Freitas HR, Maezawa I, Jin LW, Srinivasan VJ. 1700 nm optical coherence microscopy enables minimally invasive, label-free, in vivo optical biopsy deep in the mouse brain. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:145. [PMID: 34262015 PMCID: PMC8280201 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In vivo, minimally invasive microscopy in deep cortical and sub-cortical regions of the mouse brain has been challenging. To address this challenge, we present an in vivo high numerical aperture optical coherence microscopy (OCM) approach that fully utilizes the water absorption window around 1700 nm, where ballistic attenuation in the brain is minimized. Key issues, including detector noise, excess light source noise, chromatic dispersion, and the resolution-speckle tradeoff, are analyzed and optimized. Imaging through a thinned-skull preparation that preserves intracranial space, we present volumetric imaging of cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture across the entire depth of the mouse neocortex, and some sub-cortical regions. In an Alzheimer's disease model, we report that findings in superficial and deep cortical layers diverge, highlighting the importance of deep optical biopsy. Compared to other microscopic techniques, our 1700 nm OCM approach achieves a unique combination of intrinsic contrast, minimal invasiveness, and high resolution for deep brain imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Hercules Rezende Freitas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Izumi Maezawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Vivek J Srinivasan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, 10017, USA.
- Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Tech4Health Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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6
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Richard J, Lim LK, Denechaud V, Volchkov VV, Lecoutre B, Mukhtar M, Jendrzejewski F, Aspect A, Signoles A, Sanchez-Palencia L, Josse V. Elastic Scattering Time of Matter Waves in Disordered Potentials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:100403. [PMID: 30932627 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on an extensive study of the elastic scattering time τ_{s} of matter waves in optical disordered potentials. Using direct experimental measurements, numerical simulations, and comparison with the first-order Born approximation based on the knowledge of the disorder properties, we explore the behavior of τ_{s} over more than 3 orders of magnitude, ranging from the weak to the strong scattering regime. We study in detail the location of the crossover and, as a main result, we reveal the strong influence of the disorder statistics, especially on the relevance of the widely used Ioffe-Regel-like criterion kl_{s}∼1. While it is found to be relevant for Gaussian-distributed disordered potentials, we observe significant deviations for laser speckle disorders that are commonly used with ultracold atoms. Our results are crucial for connecting experimental investigation of complex transport phenomena, such as Anderson localization, to microscopic theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Richard
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Lih-King Lim
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
- Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Vincent Denechaud
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
- SAFRAN Sensing Solutions, Safran Tech, Rue des Jeunes Bois, Châteaufort CS 80112, 78772 Magny-les-Hameaux, France
| | - Valentin V Volchkov
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
- Max-Planck-Institute for Intelligent Systems, Max-Plack-Ring, 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Baptiste Lecoutre
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Musawwadah Mukhtar
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Fred Jendrzejewski
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
- Heidelberg University, Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alain Aspect
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Adrien Signoles
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Laurent Sanchez-Palencia
- CPHT, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Vincent Josse
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
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7
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Liu S, Lamont MRE, Mulligan JA, Adie SG. Aberration-diverse optical coherence tomography for suppression of multiple scattering and speckle. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:4919-4935. [PMID: 30319912 PMCID: PMC6179412 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.004919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiple scattering is a major barrier that limits the optical imaging depth in scattering media. In order to alleviate this effect, we demonstrate aberration-diverse optical coherence tomography (AD-OCT), which exploits the phase correlation between the deterministic signals from single-scattered photons to suppress the random background caused by multiple scattering and speckle. AD-OCT illuminates the sample volume with diverse aberrated point spread functions, and computationally removes these intentionally applied aberrations. After accumulating 12 astigmatism-diverse OCT volumes, we show a 10 dB enhancement in signal-to-background ratio via a coherent average of reconstructed signals from a USAF target located 7.2 scattering mean free paths below a thick scattering layer, and a 3× speckle contrast reduction from an incoherent average of reconstructed signals inside the scattering layer. This AD-OCT method, when implemented using astigmatic illumination, is a promising approach for ultra-deep volumetric optical coherence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Liu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Michael R. E. Lamont
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Mulligan
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Steven G. Adie
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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8
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Martin C, Ben-Yakar A. Determination of scattering properties and damage thresholds in tissue using ultrafast laser ablation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:115004. [PMID: 27901549 PMCID: PMC5127827 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.11.115004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast laser surgery of tissue requires precise knowledge of the tissue’s optical properties to control the extent of subsurface ablation. Here, we present a method to determine the scattering lengths, ?s, and fluence thresholds, Fth, in multilayered and turbid tissue by finding the input energies required to initiate ablation at various depths in each tissue layer. We validated the method using tissue-mimicking phantoms and applied it to porcine vocal folds, which consist of an epithelial (ep) layer and a superficial lamina propia (SLP) layer. Across five vocal fold samples, we found ?s,ep=51.0±3.9???m, Fth,ep=1.78±0.08??J/cm2, ?s,SLP=26.5±1.6???m, and Fth,SLP=1.14±0.12??J/cm2. Our method can enable personalized determination of tissue optical properties in a clinical setting, leading to less patient-to-patient variability and more favorable outcomes in operations, such as femto-LASIK surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Martin
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 107 West Dean Keeton Street, Stop C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Adela Ben-Yakar
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 107 West Dean Keeton Street, Stop C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 204 East Dean Keeton Street, Stop C2200, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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9
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Cuplov V, Buvat I, Pain F, Jan S. Extension of the GATE Monte-Carlo simulation package to model bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:026004. [PMID: 24522804 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.2.026004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Geant4 Application for Emission Tomography (GATE) is an advanced open-source software dedicated to Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations in medical imaging involving photon transportation (Positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, computed tomography) and in particle therapy. In this work, we extend the GATE to support simulations of optical imaging, such as bioluminescence or fluorescence imaging, and validate it against the MC for multilayered media standard simulation tool for biomedical optics in simple geometries. A full simulation set-up for molecular optical imaging (bioluminescence and fluorescence) is implemented in GATE, and images of the light distribution emitted from a phantom demonstrate the relevance of using GATE for optical imaging simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Cuplov
- Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Iréne Buvat
- Laboratoire Imagerie et Modélisation en Neurobiologie et Cancérologie, UMR 8165 CNRS-Université Paris 7-Université Paris 11, France
| | - Frédéric Pain
- Laboratoire Imagerie et Modélisation en Neurobiologie et Cancérologie, UMR 8165 CNRS-Université Paris 7-Université Paris 11, France
| | - Sébastien Jan
- Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, 91401 Orsay, France
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10
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Sevrain D, Dubreuil M, Leray A, Odin C, Le Grand Y. Measuring the scattering coefficient of turbid media from two-photon microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:25221-35. [PMID: 24150363 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.025221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new and simple method based on two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy to measure the scattering coefficient µ(s) of thick turbid media. We show, from Monte Carlo simulations, that µ(s) can be derived from the axial profile of the ratio of the TPEF signals epi-collected by the confocal and the non-descanned ports of a scanning microscope, independently of the anisotropy factor g and of the absorption coefficient µ(a) of the medium. The method is validated experimentally on tissue-mimicking optical phantoms, and is shown to have potential for imaging the scattering coefficient of heterogeneous media.
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Rogers JD, Radosevich AJ, Yi J, Backman V. Modeling Light Scattering in Tissue as Continuous Random Media Using a Versatile Refractive Index Correlation Function. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2013; 20:7000514. [PMID: 25587211 PMCID: PMC4289622 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2013.2280999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Optical interactions with biological tissue provide powerful tools for study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. When optical methods are used in applications involving tissue, scattering of light is an important phenomenon. In imaging modalities, scattering provides contrast, but also limits imaging depth, so models help optimize an imaging technique. Scattering can also be used to collect information about the tissue itself providing diagnostic value. Therapies involving focused beams require scattering models to assess dose distribution. In all cases, models of light scattering in tissue are crucial to correctly interpreting the measured signal. Here, we review a versatile model of light scattering that uses the Whittle-Matérn correlation family to describe the refractive index correlation function Bn (rd ). In weakly scattering media such as tissue, Bn (rd ) determines the shape of the power spectral density from which all other scattering characteristics are derived. This model encompasses many forms such as mass fractal and the Henyey-Greenstein function as special cases. We discuss normalization and calculation of optical properties including the scattering coefficient and anisotropy factor. Experimental methods using the model are also described to quantify tissue properties that depend on length scales of only a few tens of nanometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D. Rogers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Andrew J. Radosevich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Ji Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Vadim Backman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
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Djaker N, Wulfman C, Sadoun M, Lamy de la Chapelle M. Zirconia dental implants degradation by confocal Raman microspectroscopy: analytical simulation and experiments. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:725-731. [PMID: 23667788 PMCID: PMC3646599 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.000725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Subsurface hydrothermal degradation of yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP) is presented. Evaluation of low temperature degradation (LTD) phase transformation induced by aging in 3Y-TZP is experimentally studied by Raman confocal microspectroscopy. A non-linear distribution of monoclinic volume fraction is determined in depth by using different pinhole sizes. A theoretical simulation is proposed based on the convolution of the excitation intensity profile and the Beer-Lambert law (optical properties of zirconia) to compare between experiment and theory. The calculated theoretical degradation curves matche closely to the experimental ones. Surface transformation (V0) and transformation factor in depth (T) are obtained by comparing simulation and experience for each sample with nondestructive optical sectioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Djaker
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire CSPBAT, CNRS (UMR 7244), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny,
France
| | - Claudine Wulfman
- 2URB2I-EA4462, Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cite, Paris,
France
| | - Michaël Sadoun
- 2URB2I-EA4462, Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cite, Paris,
France
| | - Marc Lamy de la Chapelle
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire CSPBAT, CNRS (UMR 7244), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny,
France
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13
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Wang D, Chen Y, Liu JTC. A liquid optical phantom with tissue-like heterogeneities for confocal microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:3153-60. [PMID: 23243566 PMCID: PMC3521309 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.003153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phantoms play an important role in the development, standardization, and calibration of biomedical imaging devices in laboratory and clinical settings, serving as standards to assess the performance of such devices. Here we present the design of a liquid optical phantom to facilitate the assessment of optical-sectioning microscopes that are being developed to enable point-of-care pathology. This phantom, composed of silica microbeads in an Intralipid base, is specifically designed to characterize a reflectance-based dual-axis confocal (DAC) microscope for skin imaging. The phantom mimics the scattering properties of normal human epithelial tissue in terms of an effective scattering coefficient and a depth-dependent degradation in spatial resolution due to beam steering caused by tissue micro-architectural heterogeneities.
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Hall G, Jacques SL, Eliceiri KW, Campagnola PJ. Goniometric measurements of thick tissue using Monte Carlo simulations to obtain the single scattering anisotropy coefficient. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:2707-19. [PMID: 23162710 PMCID: PMC3493220 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.002707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The scattering anisotropy, g, of tissue can be a powerful metric of tissue structure, and is most directly measured via goniometry and fitting to the Henyey-Greenstein phase function. We present a method based on an independent attenuation measurement of the scattering coefficient along with Monte Carlo simulations to account for multiple scattering, allowing the accurate determination of measurement of g for tissues of thickness within the quasi-ballistic regime. Simulations incorporating the experimental geometry and bulk optical properties show that significant errors occur in extraction of g values, even for tissues of thickness less than one scattering length without modeling corrections. Experimental validation is provided by determination of g in mouse muscle tissues and it is shown that the obtained values are independent of thickness. In addition we present a simple deconvolution-based method and show that it provides excellent estimates for high anisotropy values (above 0.95) when coupled with an independent attenuation measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnsteinn Hall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Laboratory of Optical
and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,
USA
| | - Steven L. Jacques
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science
University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Laboratory of Optical
and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,
USA
- Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison,
Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Laboratory of Optical
and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,
USA
- Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison,
Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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