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Alekseeva P, Makarov V, Efendiev K, Shiryaev A, Reshetov I, Loschenov V. Devices and Methods for Dosimetry of Personalized Photodynamic Therapy of Tumors: A Review on Recent Trends. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2484. [PMID: 39001546 PMCID: PMC11240380 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Significance: Despite the widespread use of photodynamic therapy in clinical practice, there is a lack of personalized methods for assessing the sufficiency of photodynamic exposure on tumors, depending on tissue parameters that change during light irradiation. This can lead to different treatment results. Aim: The objective of this article was to conduct a comprehensive review of devices and methods employed for the implicit dosimetric monitoring of personalized photodynamic therapy for tumors. Methods: The review included 88 peer-reviewed research articles published between January 2010 and April 2024 that employed implicit monitoring methods, such as fluorescence imaging and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Additionally, it encompassed computer modeling methods that are most often and successfully used in preclinical and clinical practice to predict treatment outcomes. The Internet search engine Google Scholar and the Scopus database were used to search the literature for relevant articles. Results: The review analyzed and compared the results of 88 peer-reviewed research articles presenting various methods of implicit dosimetry during photodynamic therapy. The most prominent wavelengths for PDT are in the visible and near-infrared spectral range such as 405, 630, 660, and 690 nm. Conclusions: The problem of developing an accurate, reliable, and easily implemented dosimetry method for photodynamic therapy remains a current problem, since determining the effective light dose for a specific tumor is a decisive factor in achieving a positive treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Alekseeva
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.)
| | - Vladimir Makarov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.)
- Department of Laser Micro-Nano and Biotechnologies, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kanamat Efendiev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.)
- Department of Laser Micro-Nano and Biotechnologies, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem Shiryaev
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Levshin Institute of Cluster Oncology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Reshetov
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Levshin Institute of Cluster Oncology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Loschenov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.)
- Department of Laser Micro-Nano and Biotechnologies, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409 Moscow, Russia
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Liu W, Luo B, Kang K, Xia Y, Zhang H. Non-destructive detection of single corn seed vigor based on visible/near-infrared spatially resolved spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 312:124089. [PMID: 38428212 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Seed vigor is an essential quality evaluation index for seed selection. However, accurately detecting the vigor of a single corn seed is challenging. In this study, we constructed a single-fiber spatially resolved detection device using visible/near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate the patterns and correlations between spatially resolved spectroscopy (SRS) at 500-1000 nm and seed vigor. The device collected spectral data at a light source-detector distance of 5-6.6 mm on the embryo side (S1) and endosperm side (S2) of the corn seeds. The proposed spectral ratio method based on SRS and spectral combination analysis achieved an improvement in the detection accuracy of different corn seed vigor. Modeling by SG-CARS-PLSDA using the ratio method showed further improvement in the prediction ability. The highest accuracy for both S1 and S2 in the Zhengdan 958 variety was 91.67 %, while those of S1 and S2 for the Shaandan 650 variety were 86.67 % and 88.33 %, respectively. In addition, SRS was found to be more advantageous in S2 acquisition, verifying the potential of SRS in the non-destructive testing of seed vigor. This provides a favorable reference for the comprehensive evaluation of other internal quality indices of seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Liu
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Kai Kang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yu Xia
- School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China.
| | - Han Zhang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
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Li Z, Hannan MN, Sharma AK, Baran TM. Treatment planning for photodynamic therapy of abscess cavities using patient-specific optical properties measured prior to illumination. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:055031. [PMID: 38316055 PMCID: PMC10900070 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective antimicrobial therapy that we used to treat human abscess cavities in a Phase 1 clinical trial. This trial included pre-PDT measurements of abscess optical properties, which affect light dose (light fluence) at the abscess wall and PDT response. This study simulated PDT treatment planning for 13 subjects that received optical spectroscopy prior to clinical PDT, to determine the impact of measured optical properties on ability to achieve fluence rate targets in 95% of the abscess wall. Retrospective treatment plans were evaluated for 3 conditions: (1) clinically delivered laser power and assumed, homogeneous optical properties, (2) clinically delivered laser power and measured, homogeneous optical properties, and (3) with patient-specific treatment planning using measured, homogeneous optical properties. Treatment plans modified delivered laser power, intra-cavity Intralipid (scatterer) concentration, and laser fiber type. Using flat-cleaved laser fibers, the proportion of subjects achieving 95% abscess wall coverage decreased significantly relative to assumed optical properties when using measured values for 4 mW cm-2(92% versus 38%,p= 0.01) and 20 mW cm-2(62% versus 15%,p= 0.04) thresholds. When measured optical properties were incorporated into treatment planning, the 4 mW cm-2target was achieved for all cases. After treatment planning, optimal Intralipid concentration across subjects was 0.14 ± 0.09%, whereas 1% was used clinically. Required laser power to achieve the 4 mW cm-2target was significantly correlated with measured abscess wall absorption (ρ= 0.7,p= 0.008), but not abscess surface area (ρ= 0.2,p= 0.53). When using spherical diffuser fibers for illumination, both optimal Intralipid concentration (p= 0.0005) and required laser power (p= 0.0002) decreased compared to flat cleaved fibers. At 0% Intralipid concentration, the 4 mW cm-2target could only be achieved for 69% of subjects for flat-cleaved fibers, compared to 100% for spherical diffusers. Based on large inter-subject variations in optical properties, individualized treatment planning is essential for abscess photodynamic therapy. (Clinical Trial Registration: The parent clinical trial from which these data were acquired is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as 'Safety and Feasibility Study of Methylene Blue Photodynamic Therapy to Sterilize Deep Tissue Abscess Cavities,' with ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02240498).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Md Nafiz Hannan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Ashwani K Sharma
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Timothy M Baran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
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Hannan MN, Sharma AK, Baran TM. First in human measurements of abscess cavity optical properties and methylene blue uptake prior to photodynamic therapy by in vivo diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:027002. [PMID: 38414658 PMCID: PMC10898190 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.2.027002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Significance Efficacious photodynamic therapy (PDT) of abscess cavities requires personalized treatment planning. This relies on knowledge of abscess wall optical properties, which we report for the first time in human subjects. Aim The objective was to extract optical properties and photosensitizer concentration from spatially resolved diffuse reflectance measurements of abscess cavities prior to methylene blue (MB) PDT, as part of a phase 1 clinical trial. Approach Diffuse reflectance spectra were collected at the abscess wall of 13 human subjects using a custom fiber-optic probe and optical spectroscopy system, before and after MB administration. A Monte Carlo lookup table was used to extract optical properties. Results Pre-MB abscess wall absorption coefficients at 665 nm were 0.15 ± 0.1 cm - 1 (0.03 to 0.36 cm - 1 ) and 10.74 ± 15.81 cm - 1 (0.08 to 49.3 cm - 1 ) post-MB. Reduced scattering coefficients at 665 nm were 8.45 ± 2.37 cm - 1 (4.8 to 13.2 cm - 1 ) and 5.6 ± 2.26 cm - 1 (1.6 to 9.9 cm - 1 ) for pre-MB and post-MB, respectively. Oxygen saturations were found to be 58.83 % ± 35.78 % (5.6% to 100%) pre-MB and 36.29 % ± 25.1 % (0.0001% to 76.4%) post-MB. Determined MB concentrations were 71.83 ± 108.22 μ M (0 to 311 μ M ). Conclusions We observed substantial inter-subject variation in both native wall optical properties and MB uptake. This underscores the importance of making these measurements for patient-specific treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nafiz Hannan
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Ashwani K. Sharma
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Imaging Sciences, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Timothy M. Baran
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Imaging Sciences, Rochester, New York, United States
- University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, New York, United States
- University of Rochester, The Institute of Optics, Rochester, New York, United States
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Hannan MN, Baran TM. Application of transfer learning for rapid calibration of spatially resolved diffuse reflectance probes for extraction of tissue optical properties. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:027004. [PMID: 38419753 PMCID: PMC10901350 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.2.027004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Significance Treatment planning for light-based therapies including photodynamic therapy requires tissue optical property knowledge. This is recoverable with spatially resolved diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) but requires precise source-detector separation (SDS) determination and time-consuming simulations. Aim An artificial neural network (ANN) to map from DRS at multiple SDS to optical properties was created. This trained ANN was adapted to fiber-optic probes with varying SDS using transfer learning (TL). Approach An ANN mapping from measurements to Monte Carlo simulation to optical properties was created with one fiber-optic probe. A second probe with different SDS was used for TL algorithm creation. Data from a third were used to test this algorithm. Results The initial ANN recovered absorber concentration with RMSE = 0.29 μ M (7.5% mean error) and μ s ' at 665 nm (μ s , 665 ' ) with RMSE = 0.77 cm - 1 (2.5% mean error). For probe 2, TL significantly improved absorber concentration (0.38 versus 1.67 μ M RMSE, p = 0.0005 ) and μ ' s , 665 (0.71 versus 1.8 cm - 1 RMSE, p = 0.0005 ) recovery. A third probe also showed improved absorber (0.7 versus 4.1 μ M RMSE, p < 0.0001 ) and μ s , 665 ' (1.68 versus 2.08 cm - 1 RMSE, p = 0.2 ) recovery. Conclusions TL-based probe-to-probe calibration can rapidly adapt an ANN created for one probe to similar target probes, enabling accurate optical property recovery with the target probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nafiz Hannan
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Timothy M. Baran
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Imaging Sciences, Rochester, New York, United States
- University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, New York, United States
- University of Rochester, The Institute of Optics, Rochester, New York, United States
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Xia Y, Liu W, Meng J, Hu J, Liu W, Kang J, Luo B, Zhang H, Tang W. Principles, developments, and applications of spatially resolved spectroscopy in agriculture: a review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1324881. [PMID: 38269139 PMCID: PMC10805836 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1324881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Agriculture is the primary source of human survival, which provides the most basic living and survival conditions for human beings. As living standards continue to improve, people are also paying more attention to the quality and safety of agricultural products. Therefore, the detection of agricultural product quality is very necessary. In the past decades, the spectroscopy technique has been widely used because of its excellent results in agricultural quality detection. However, traditional spectral inspection methods cannot accurately describe the internal information of agricultural products. With the continuous research and development of optical properties, it has been found that the internal quality of an object can be better reflected by separating the properties of light, such as its absorption and scattering properties. In recent years, spatially resolved spectroscopy has been increasingly used in the field of agricultural product inspection due to its simple compositional structure, low-value cost, ease of operation, efficient detection speed, and outstanding ability to obtain information about agricultural products at different depths. It can also separate optical properties based on the transmission equation of optics, which allows for more accurate detection of the internal quality of agricultural products. This review focuses on the principles of spatially resolved spectroscopy, detection equipment, analytical methods, and specific applications in agricultural quality detection. Additionally, the optical properties methods and direct analysis methods of spatially resolved spectroscopy analysis methods are also reported in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenxi Liu
- School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwu Meng
- School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinghao Hu
- School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Kang
- School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Tang
- School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Li Z, Hannan MN, Sharma AK, Baran TM. Treatment planning for photodynamic therapy of abscess cavities using patient-specific optical properties measured prior to illumination. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.23.23297420. [PMID: 37961683 PMCID: PMC10635177 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.23.23297420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective antimicrobial therapy that we used to treat human abscess cavities in a recently completed Phase 1 clinical trial. This trial included pre-PDT measurements of abscess optical properties, which affect the expected light dose to the abscess wall and eventual PDT response. Purpose The objective of this study was to simulate PDT treatment planning for the 13 subjects that received optical spectroscopy prior to clinical abscess PDT. Our goal was to determine the impact of these measured optical properties on our ability to achieve fluence rate targets in 95% of the abscess wall. Methods During a Phase 1 clinical trial, 13 subjects received diffuse reflectance spectroscopy prior to PDT in order to determine the optical properties of their abscess wall. Retrospective treatment plans seeking to achieve fluence rate targets in 95% of the abscess wall were evaluated for all subjects for 3 conditions: (1) at the laser power delivered clinically with assumed optical properties, (2) at the laser power delivered clinically with measured optical properties, and (3) with patient-specific treatment planning using these measured optical properties. Factors modified in treatment planning included delivered laser power and intra-cavity Intralipid (scatterer) concentration. The effects of laser fiber type were also simulated. Results Using a flat-cleaved laser fiber, the proportion of subjects that achieved 95% abscess wall coverage decreased significantly when incorporating measured optical properties for both the 4 mW/cm 2 (92% vs. 38%, p=0.01) and 20 mW/cm 2 (62% vs. 15%, p=0.04) fluence rate thresholds. However, when measured optical properties were incorporated into treatment planning, a fluence rate of 4 mW/cm 2 was achieved in 95% of the abscess wall for all cases. In treatment planning, the optimal Intralipid concentration across subjects was found to be 0.14 ± 0.09% and the optimal laser power varied from that delivered clinically but with no clear trend (p=0.79). The required laser power to achieve 4 mW/cm 2 in 95% of the abscess wall was significantly correlated with measured µ a at the abscess wall (ρ=0.7, p=0.008), but not abscess surface area (ρ=0.2, p=0.53). When using spherical diffuser fibers as the illumination source, the optimal intralipid concentration decreased to 0.028 ± 0.026% (p=0.0005), and the required laser power decreased also (p=0.0002), compared to flat cleaved fibers. If the intra-cavity lipid emulsion (Intralipid) was replaced with a non-scattering fluid, all subjects could achieve the 4 mW/cm 2 fluence rate threshold in 95% of the abscess wall using a spherical diffuser, while only 69% of subjects could reach the same criterion using a flat cleaved fiber. Conclusions The range of optical properties measured in human abscesses reduced coverage of the abscess wall at desirable fluence rates. Patient-specific treatment planning including these measured optical properties could bring the coverage back to desirable levels by altering the Intralipid concentration and delivered optical power. These results motivate a future Phase 2 clinical trial to directly compare the efficacy of patient-specific-treatment planning with fixed doses of Intralipid and light.Clinical Trial Registration: The parent clinical trial from which these data were acquired is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as "Safety and Feasibility Study of Methylene Blue Photodynamic Therapy to Sterilize Deep Tissue Abscess Cavities," with ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02240498 .
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Hannan MN, Baran TM. Application of Transfer Learning for Rapid Calibration of Spatially-resolved Diffuse Reflectance Probes for Extraction of Tissue Optical Properties. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.23.563629. [PMID: 37961112 PMCID: PMC10634979 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.23.563629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Significance Treatment planning for light-based therapies including photodynamic therapy requires tissue optical property knowledge. These are recoverable with spatially-resolved diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), but requires precise source-detector separation (SDS) determination and time-consuming simulations. Aim An artificial neural network (ANN) to map from DRS at short SDS to optical properties was created. This trained ANN was adapted to fiber-optic probes with varying SDS using transfer learning. Approach An ANN mapping from measurements to Monte Carlo simulation to optical properties was created with one fiber-optic probe. A second probe with different SDS was used for transfer learning algorithm creation. Data from a third were used to test this algorithm. Results The initial ANN recovered absorber concentration with RMSE=0.29 µM (7.5% mean error) and µ s ' at 665 nm (µ s,665 ' ) with RMSE=0.77 cm -1 (2.5% mean error). For probe-2, transfer learning significantly improved absorber concentration (0.38 vs. 1.67 µM, p=0.0005) and µ s,665 ' (0.71 vs. 1.8 cm -1 , p=0.0005) recovery. A third probe also showed improved absorber (0.7 vs. 4.1 µM, p<0.0001) and µ s,665 ' (1.68 vs. 2.08 cm -1 , p=0.2) recovery. Conclusions A data-driven approach to optical property extraction can be used to rapidly calibrate new fiber-optic probes with varying SDS, with as few as three calibration spectra.
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Li K, Wu Q, Feng S, Zhao H, Jin W, Qiu H, Gu Y, Chen D. In situ detection of human glioma based on tissue optical properties using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300195. [PMID: 37589177 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Safely maximizing brain cancer removal without injuring adjacent healthy tissue is crucial for optimal treatment outcomes. However, it is challenging to distinguish cancer from noncancer intraoperatively. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) as a label-free and real-time detection technology for discrimination between brain cancer and noncancer tissues. Fifty-five fresh cancer and noncancer specimens from 19 brain surgeries were measured with DRS, and the results were compared with co-registered clinical standard histopathology. Tissue optical properties were quantitatively obtained from the diffuse reflectance spectra and compared among different types of brain tissues. A machine learning-based classifier was trained to differentiate cancerous versus noncancerous tissues. Our method could achieve a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 95% for discriminating high-grade glioma from normal white matter. Our results showed that DRS has the potential to be used for label-free, real-time in vivo cancer detection during brain surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerui Li
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qijia Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyou Zhao
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Qiu
- Department of Laser Medicine, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Department of Laser Medicine, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Precision Laser Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Innovation Unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Defu Chen
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Hannan MN, Sharma AK, Baran TM. First in human measurements of abscess cavity optical properties and methylene blue uptake prior to photodynamic therapy by in vivo diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.16.23297088. [PMID: 37905076 PMCID: PMC10615020 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.23297088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Significance Efficacious photodynamic therapy (PDT) of abscess cavities requires personalized treatment planning. This relies on knowledge of abscess wall optical properties, which we report for the first time in human subjects. Aim The objective was to extract optical properties and photosensitizer concentration from spatially-resolved diffuse reflectance measurements of abscess cavities prior to methylene blue (MB) PDT, as part of a Phase 1 clinical trial. Approach Diffuse reflectance spectra were collected at the abscess wall of 13 human subjects using a custom fiber-optic probe and optical spectroscopy system, before and after MB administration. A Monte Carlo lookup table was used to extract optical properties. Results Pre-MB abscess wall absorption coefficients at 665 nm were 0.15±0.1 cm -1 (0.03-0.36 cm -1 ) and 10.74±15.81 cm -1 (0.08-49.3 cm -1 ) post-MB. Reduced scattering coefficients at 665 nm were 8.45±2.37 cm -1 (4.8-13.2 cm -1 ) and 5.6±2.26 cm -1 (1.6-9.9 cm -1 ) for pre-MB and post-MB, respectively. Oxygen saturations were found to be 58.83±35.78% (5.6-100%) pre-MB and 36.29±25.1% (0.0001-76.4%) post-MB. Determined MB concentrations were 71.83±108.22 µM (0-311 µM). Conclusions We observed substantial inter-subject variation in both native wall optical properties and methylene blue uptake. This underscores the importance of making these measurements for patient-specific treatment planning.
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Baran TM, Sharma AK. Photodynamic Therapy of an Abdominal Abscess at the Time of Percutaneous Drainage. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2023; 46:1292-1294. [PMID: 37464107 PMCID: PMC10812883 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-023-03504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Baran
- Department of Imaging Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 648, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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Majeski JB, Ching-Roa VD, Giacomelli MG, Choe R. Design for a low-cost heterodyne frequency domain-diffuse optical spectroscopy system. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:2873-2888. [PMID: 37342692 PMCID: PMC10278617 DOI: 10.1364/boe.489058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
A design for a low-cost, heterodyne, frequency domain-diffuse optical spectroscopy system is presented and validated. The system uses a single wavelength of 785 nm and a single detector to illustrate the capability, but is built in a modular fashion to make it easily expandable to additional wavelengths and detectors. The design incorporates methods to allow software-based control over the system operating frequency, laser diode output amplitude, and detector gain. Validation methods include characterization of electrical designs as well as determination of the system stability and accuracy using tissue-mimicking optical phantoms. The system requires only basic equipment for its construction and can be built for under $ 600 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Majeski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14620, USA
| | - Vincent D. Ching-Roa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14620, USA
| | - Michael G. Giacomelli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14620, USA
- Department of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14620, USA
| | - Regine Choe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14620, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14620, USA
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Sun D, Wang X, Huang M, Zhu Q, Qin J. Estimation of optical properties of turbid media using spatially resolved diffuse reflectance combined with LSTM-attention network. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:10260-10272. [PMID: 37157577 DOI: 10.1364/oe.485235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The accurate estimation of the optical properties of turbid media by using a spatially resolved (SR) technique remains a challenging task due to measurement errors in the acquired spatially resolved diffuse reflectance (SRDR) and challenges in inversion model implementation. In this study, what we believe to be a novel data-driven model based on a long short-term memory network and attention mechanism (LSTM-attention network) combined with SRDR is proposed for the accurate estimation of the optical properties of turbid media. The proposed LSTM-attention network divides the SRDR profile into multiple consecutive and partially overlaps sub-intervals by using the sliding window technique, and uses the divided sub-intervals as the input of the LSTM modules. It then introduces an attention mechanism to evaluate the output of each module automatically and form a score coefficient, finally obtaining an accurate estimation of the optical properties. The proposed LSTM-attention network is trained with Monte Carlo (MC) simulation data to overcome the difficulty in preparing training (reference) samples with known optical properties. Experimental results of the MC simulation data showed that the mean relative error (MRE) with 5.59% for the absorption coefficient [with the mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.04 cm-1, coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9982, and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.058 cm-1] and 1.18% for the reduced scattering coefficient (with an MAE of 0.208 cm-1, R2 of 0.9996, and RMSE of 0.237 cm-1), which were significantly better than those of the three comparative models. The SRDR profiles of 36 liquid phantoms, collected using a hyperspectral imaging system that covered a wavelength range of 530-900 nm, were used to test the performance of the proposed model further. The results showed that the LSTM-attention model achieved the best performance (with the MRE of 14.89%, MAE of 0.022 cm-1, R2 of 0.9603, and RMSE of 0.026 cm-1 for the absorption coefficient; and the MRE of 9.76%, MAE of 0.732 cm-1, R2 of 0.9701, and RMSE of 1.470 cm-1for the reduced scattering coefficient). Therefore, SRDR combined with the LSTM-attention model provides an effective method for improving the estimation accuracy of the optical properties of turbid media.
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Hannan MN, Sharma AK, Baran TM. Preliminary measurements of optical properties in human abscess cavities prior to methylene blue photodynamic therapy. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 12359:123590A. [PMID: 37860151 PMCID: PMC10585982 DOI: 10.1117/12.2648453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
As part of our ongoing Phase 1 clinical trial to establish the safety and feasibility of methylene blue photodynamic therapy (MB-PDT) for human deep tissue abscess cavities, we have shown that determination of abscess wall optical properties is vital for the design of personalized treatment plans aiming to optimize light dose. To that end, we have developed and validated an optical spectroscopy system for the assessment of optical properties at the cavity wall, including a compact fiber-optic probe that can be inserted through the catheter used for the standard of care abscess drainage. Here we report preliminary findings from the first three human subjects to receive these optical spectroscopy measurements. We observed wide variability in concentrations of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin prior to MB administration, ranging from 7.3-213 μM and 0.1-47.2 μM, respectively. Reduced scattering coefficients also showed inter-patient variability, but recovered values were more similar between subjects (5.5-10.9 cm-1 at 665 nm). Further, methylene blue uptake was found to vary between subjects, and was associated with a reduction in oxygen saturation. These measured optical properties, along with pre-procedure computed tomography (CT) images, will be used with our previously developed Monte Carlo simulation framework to generate personalized treatment plans for individual patients, which could significantly improve the efficacy of MB-PDT while ensuring safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nafiz Hannan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Ashwani K. Sharma
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Timothy M. Baran
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642
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Lee JY, Ahn S, Nam SH. Performance estimation of optical skin probe in short wavelength infrared spectroscopy based on Monte-Carlo simulation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20134. [PMID: 36418445 PMCID: PMC9684513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical throughput and optical path length are key parameters to obtain high signal to noise ratio and sensor sensitivity for the detection of skin tissue components based on short wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy. These parameters should be taken into account at the stage of optical system design. We aim to develop a method to estimate the optical efficiency and the effective water path length of a newly designed SWIR spectroscopy skin measurement system using Monte-Carlo photon migration simulation. To estimate the optical efficiency and the effective water path length, we investigated the characteristics of Monte-Carlo photon migration simulation utilizing one layered simple skin model. Simulation of photon transport in skin was conducted for transmission, transflection, and reflection optical configurations in both first overtone (1540 ~ 1820 nm) and combination (2040 ~ 2380 nm) wavelength ranges. Experimental measurement of skin spectrum was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy based system to validate the estimation performance. Overall, the simulated results for optical efficiency and effective water path length are in good agreements with the experimental measurements, which shows the suggested method can be used as a means for the performance estimation and the design optimization of various in-vivo SWIR spectroscopic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Young Lee
- grid.419666.a0000 0001 1945 5898Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 130 Samsung-Ro, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-Do Korea
| | - Sungmo Ahn
- grid.419666.a0000 0001 1945 5898Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 130 Samsung-Ro, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-Do Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Nam
- grid.419666.a0000 0001 1945 5898Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 130 Samsung-Ro, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-Do Korea
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Li Z, Nguyen L, Bass DA, Baran TM. Effects of patient-specific treatment planning on eligibility for photodynamic therapy of deep tissue abscess cavities: retrospective Monte Carlo simulation study. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:083007. [PMID: 35146973 PMCID: PMC8831513 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.8.083007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) effectively kills bacterial strains found in deep tissue abscess cavities. PDT response hinges on multiple factors, including light dose, which depends on patient optical properties. AIM Computed tomography images for 60 abscess drainage subjects were segmented and used for Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. We evaluated effects of optical properties and abscess morphology on PDT eligibility and generated treatment plans. APPROACH A range of abscess wall absorptions (μa , wall) and intra-cavity Intralipid concentrations were simulated. At each combination, the threshold optical power and optimal Intralipid concentration were found for a fluence rate target, with subjects being eligible for PDT if the target was attainable with <2000 mW of source light. Further simulations were performed with absorption within the cavity (μa , cavity). RESULTS Patient-specific treatment planning substantially increased the number of subjects expected to achieve an efficacious light dose for antimicrobial PDT, especially with Intralipid modification. The threshold optical power and optimal Intralipid concentration increased with increasing μa , wall (p < 0.001). PDT eligibility improved with patient-specific treatment planning (p < 0.0001). With μa , wall = 0.2 cm - 1, eligibility increased from 42% to 92%. Increasing μa , cavity reduced PDT eligibility (p < 0.0001); modifying the delivered optical power had the greatest impact in this case. CONCLUSIONS MC-based treatment planning greatly increases eligibility for PDT of abscess cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Li
- University of Rochester, The Institute of Optics, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Lam Nguyen
- University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - David A. Bass
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Imaging Sciences, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Timothy M. Baran
- University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, New York, United States
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Imaging Sciences, Rochester, New York, United States
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Roccabruna JR, Bridger KG, Baran TM. Fluorescence and diffuse reflectance provide similar accuracy in recovering fluorophore concentration at short source-detector separations. JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS 2022; 69:699-704. [PMID: 36035874 PMCID: PMC9401209 DOI: 10.1080/09500340.2022.2074159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative fluorescence spectroscopy requires corresponding reflectance measurements to correct for tissue absorption and scattering. However, it is unclear whether fluorescence adds value beyond the diffuse reflectance measurements necessary for correction. The goal of this study was to compare the accuracy of fluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in recovering the concentration of a high-extinction fluorophore, methylene blue (MB), using a compact fiber-optic probe. Fluorescence and diffuse reflectance measurements of tissue simulating phantoms were made using a fiber-optic probe with source-detector separations of 288-1300 μm. Average error in recovered fluorophore concentration was 20.4% for fluorescence and 15.0% for reflectance, though this difference was not significant (p=0.77). Both methods returned concentrations that were similar to known MB concentrations (p≥0.79 in both cases). Fluorescence quantification of the concentration of a high extinction fluorophore did not significantly improve accuracy relative to diffuse reflectance. Investigators should consider whether fluorescence measurements are necessary for a given application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R. Roccabruna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Karina G. Bridger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Timothy M. Baran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Corresponding author: Timothy M. Baran,
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