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Reichmann J, Sarrazin C, Schmale S, Blaurock C, Balkema-Buschmann A, Schmitzer B, Salditt T. 3D imaging of SARS-CoV-2 infected hamster lungs by X-ray phase contrast tomography enables drug testing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12348. [PMID: 38811688 PMCID: PMC11137149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61746-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
X-ray Phase Contrast Tomography (XPCT) based on wavefield propagation has been established as a high resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging modality, suitable to reconstruct the intricate structure of soft tissues, and the corresponding pathological alterations. However, for biomedical research, more is needed than 3D visualisation and rendering of the cytoarchitecture in a few selected cases. First, the throughput needs to be increased to cover a statistically relevant number of samples. Second, the cytoarchitecture has to be quantified in terms of morphometric parameters, independent of visual impression. Third, dimensionality reduction and classification are required for identification of effects and interpretation of results. To address these challenges, we here design and implement a novel integrated and high throughput XPCT imaging and analysis workflow for 3D histology, pathohistology and drug testing. Our approach uses semi-automated data acquisition, reconstruction and statistical quantification. We demonstrate its capability for the example of lung pathohistology in Covid-19. Using a small animal model, different Covid-19 drug candidates are administered after infection and tested in view of restoration of the physiological cytoarchitecture, specifically the alveolar morphology. To this end, we then use morphometric parameter determination followed by a dimensionality reduction and classification based on optimal transport. This approach allows efficient discrimination between physiological and pathological lung structure, thereby providing quantitative insights into the pathological progression and partial recovery due to drug treatment. Finally, we stress that the XPCT image chain implemented here only used synchrotron radiation for validation, while the data used for analysis was recorded with laboratory μ CT radiation, more easily accessible for pre-clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Reichmann
- Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Institute for X-Ray Physics, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Clement Sarrazin
- Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Institute of Computer Science, Goldschmidtstraße 7, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Equipe RAPSODI, Centre INRIA de l'université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sebastian Schmale
- Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Institute of Computer Science, Goldschmidtstraße 7, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Blaurock
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Schmitzer
- Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Institute of Computer Science, Goldschmidtstraße 7, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Tim Salditt
- Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Institute for X-Ray Physics, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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2
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Xian RP, Brunet J, Huang Y, Wagner WL, Lee PD, Tafforeau P, Walsh CL. A closer look at high-energy X-ray-induced bubble formation during soft tissue imaging. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:566-577. [PMID: 38682274 DOI: 10.1107/s160057752400290x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Improving the scalability of tissue imaging throughput with bright, coherent X-rays requires identifying and mitigating artifacts resulting from the interactions between X-rays and matter. At synchrotron sources, long-term imaging of soft tissues in solution can result in gas bubble formation or cavitation, which dramatically compromises image quality and integrity of the samples. By combining in-line phase-contrast imaging with gas chromatography in real time, we were able to track the onset and evolution of high-energy X-ray-induced gas bubbles in ethanol-embedded soft tissue samples for tens of minutes (two to three times the typical scan times). We demonstrate quantitatively that vacuum degassing of the sample during preparation can significantly delay bubble formation, offering up to a twofold improvement in dose tolerance, depending on the tissue type. However, once nucleated, bubble growth is faster in degassed than undegassed samples, indicating their distinct metastable states at bubble onset. Gas chromatography analysis shows increased solvent vaporization concurrent with bubble formation, yet the quantities of dissolved gasses remain unchanged. By coupling features extracted from the radiographs with computational analysis of bubble characteristics, we uncover dose-controlled kinetics and nucleation site-specific growth. These hallmark signatures provide quantitative constraints on the driving mechanisms of bubble formation and growth. Overall, the observations highlight bubble formation as a critical yet often overlooked hurdle in upscaling X-ray imaging for biological tissues and soft materials and we offer an empirical foundation for their understanding and imaging protocol optimization. More importantly, our approaches establish a top-down scheme to decipher the complex, multiscale radiation-matter interactions in these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Patrick Xian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Brunet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yuze Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Willi L Wagner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter D Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Tafforeau
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Claire L Walsh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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3
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McGillick EV, Te Pas AB, Croughan MK, Crossley KJ, Wallace MJ, Lee K, Thio M, DeKoninck PLJ, Dekker J, Flemmer AW, Cramer SJE, Hooper SB, Kitchen MJ. Increased end-expiratory pressures improve lung function in near-term newborn rabbits with elevated airway liquid volume at birth. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:997-1008. [PMID: 34351817 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00918.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 53% of near-term newborns admitted to intensive care experience respiratory distress. These newborns are commonly delivered by cesarean section and have elevated airway liquid volumes at birth, which can cause respiratory morbidity. We investigated the effect of providing respiratory support with a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 8 cmH2O on lung function in newborn rabbit kittens with elevated airway liquid volumes at birth. Near-term rabbits (30 days; term = 32 days) with airway liquid volumes that corresponded to vaginal delivery (∼7 mL/kg, control, n = 11) or cesarean section [∼37 mL/kg; elevated liquid (EL), n = 11] were mechanically ventilated (tidal volume = 8 mL/kg). The PEEP was changed after lung aeration from 0 to 8 to 0 cmH2O (control, n = 6; EL, n = 6), and in a separate group of kittens, PEEP was changed after lung aeration from 8 to 0 to 8 cmH2O (control, n = 5; EL, n = 5). Lung function (ventilator parameters, compliance, lung gas volumes, and distribution of gas within the lung) was evaluated using plethysmography and synchrotron-based phase-contrast X-ray imaging. EL kittens initially receiving 0 cmH2O PEEP had reduced functional residual capacities and lung compliance, requiring higher inflation pressures to aerate the lung compared with control kittens. Commencing ventilation with 8 cmH2O PEEP mitigated the adverse effects of EL, increasing lung compliance, functional residual capacity, and the uniformity and distribution of lung aeration, but did not normalize aeration of the distal airways. Respiratory support with PEEP supports lung function in near-term newborn rabbits with elevated airway liquid volumes at birth who are at a greater risk of suffering respiratory distress.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Term babies born by cesarean section have elevated airway liquid volumes, which predisposes them to respiratory distress. Treatments targeting molecular mechanisms to clear lung liquid are ineffective for term newborn respiratory distress. We showed that respiratory support with an end-expiratory pressure supports lung function in near-term rabbits with elevated airway liquid volumes at birth. This study provides further physiological understanding of lung function in newborns with elevated airway liquid volumes at risk of respiratory distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin V McGillick
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arjan B Te Pas
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle K Croughan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly J Crossley
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan J Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katie Lee
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marta Thio
- Newborn Research, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip L J DeKoninck
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Division of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Dekker
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas W Flemmer
- Division of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital and Perinatal Centre, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie J E Cramer
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stuart B Hooper
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcus J Kitchen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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4
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Morrison JL, Ayonrinde OT, Care AS, Clarke GD, Darby JRT, David AL, Dean JM, Hooper SB, Kitchen MJ, Macgowan CK, Melbourne A, McGillick EV, McKenzie CA, Michael N, Mohammed N, Sadananthan SA, Schrauben E, Regnault TRH, Velan SS. Seeing the fetus from a DOHaD perspective: discussion paper from the advanced imaging techniques of DOHaD applications workshop held at the 2019 DOHaD World Congress. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 12:153-167. [PMID: 32955011 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced imaging techniques are enhancing research capacity focussed on the developmental origins of adult health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, and consequently increasing awareness of future health risks across various subareas of DOHaD research themes. Understanding how these advanced imaging techniques in animal models and human population studies can be both additively and synergistically used alongside traditional techniques in DOHaD-focussed laboratories is therefore of great interest. Global experts in advanced imaging techniques congregated at the advanced imaging workshop at the 2019 DOHaD World Congress in Melbourne, Australia. This review summarizes the presentations of new imaging modalities and novel applications to DOHaD research and discussions had by DOHaD researchers that are currently utilizing advanced imaging techniques including MRI, hyperpolarized MRI, ultrasound, and synchrotron-based techniques to aid their DOHaD research focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Oyekoya T Ayonrinde
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alison S Care
- The Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Geoffrey D Clarke
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anna L David
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Justin M Dean
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stuart B Hooper
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcus J Kitchen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Melbourne
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Erin V McGillick
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute and Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nuruddin Mohammed
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric Schrauben
- Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy R H Regnault
- Lawson Health Research Institute and Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Kitchen MJ, Buckley GA, Kerr LT, Lee KL, Uesugi K, Yagi N, Hooper SB. Emphysema quantified: mapping regional airway dimensions using 2D phase contrast X-ray imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:4176-4190. [PMID: 32923035 PMCID: PMC7449757 DOI: 10.1364/boe.390587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an analyser-based phase contrast X-ray imaging technique to measure the mean length scale of pores or particles that cannot be resolved directly by the system. By combining attenuation, phase and ultra-small angle X-ray scattering information, the technique was capable of measuring differences in airway dimension between lungs of healthy mice and those with mild and severe emphysema. Our measurements of airway dimensions from 2D images showed a 1:1 relationship to the actual airway dimensions measured using micro-CT. Using 80 images, the sensitivity and specificity were measured to be 0.80 and 0.89, respectively, with the area under the ROC curve close to ideal at 0.96. Reducing the number of images to 11 slightly decreased the sensitivity to 0.75 and the ROC curve area to 0.90, whilst the specificity remained high at 0.89.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J. Kitchen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Genevieve A. Buckley
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | | | - Katie L. Lee
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Kentaro Uesugi
- The Ritchie Centre, MIMR-PHI Institute of
Medical Research and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Naoto Yagi
- The Ritchie Centre, MIMR-PHI Institute of
Medical Research and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
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6
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Niedbalski PJ, Cochran AS, Akinyi TG, Thomen RP, Fugate EM, Lindquist DM, Pratt RG, Cleveland ZI. Preclinical hyperpolarized 129 Xe MRI: ventilation and T 2 * mapping in mouse lungs at 7 T using multi-echo flyback UTE. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4302. [PMID: 32285574 PMCID: PMC7702724 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Fast apparent transverse relaxation (short T2 *) is a common obstacle when attempting to perform quantitative 1 H MRI of the lungs. While T2 * times are longer for pulmonary hyperpolarized (HP) gas functional imaging (in particular for gaseous 129 Xe), T2 * can still lead to quantitative inaccuracies for sequences requiring longer echo times (such as diffusion weighted images) or longer readout duration (such as spiral sequences). This is especially true in preclinical studies, where high magnetic fields lead to shorter relaxation times than are typically seen in human studies. However, the T2 * of HP 129 Xe in the most common animal model of human disease (mice) has not been reported. Herein, we present a multi-echo radial flyback imaging sequence and use it to measure HP 129 Xe T2 * at 7 T under a variety of respiratory conditions. This sequence mitigates the impact of T1 relaxation outside the animal by using multiple gradient-refocused echoes to acquire images at a number of effective echo times for each RF excitation. After validating the sequence using a phantom containing water doped with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, we measured the 129 Xe T2 * in vivo for 10 healthy C57Bl/6 J mice and found T2 * ~ 5 ms in the lung airspaces. Interestingly, T2 * was relatively constant over all experimental conditions, and varied significantly with sex, but not age, mass, or the O2 content of the inhaled gas mixture. These results are discussed in the context of T2 * relaxation within porous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Niedbalski
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Alexander S. Cochran
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Teckla G. Akinyi
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Robert P. Thomen
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Elizabeth M. Fugate
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Diana M. Lindquist
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ronald G. Pratt
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Zackary I. Cleveland
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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7
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Sun M, Lv W, Zhao X, Qin L, Zhao Y, Xin X, Jian J, Chen X, Hu C. Vascular branching geometry relating to portal hypertension: a study of liver microvasculature in cirrhotic rats by X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:116-127. [PMID: 31956535 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.11.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Portal hypertension is one of the major complications of cirrhosis. The changes in hepatic microvasculature are considered as critical pathophysiological characteristics of portal hypertension. X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (PCCT) is a new imaging technique that can detect liver vessels at a micrometric level without contrast agents. Methods In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats with liver cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or bile duct ligation (BDL) were investigated with PCCT. The portal pressures of rats were recorded before euthanasia. The branch angle and Murray's deviation (MD) were measured based on the branching geometry of the three-dimensional (3D) microvasculature of liver cirrhosis in rats. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the correlation between branching geometry and portal pressure in liver fibrosis. Results The results demonstrated that the branch angle and MD significantly increased in the CCl4 model and BDL model compared with their corresponding normal group or sham group. The portal pressure was significantly correlated with the branching morphologic features (all R≥0.761 and P<0.01). Conclusions The branch angle and MD could accurately distinguish portal pressure in cirrhotic rats, suggesting that branching geometric characteristics of the microvasculature may be a promising marker in the prognosis of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wenjuan Lv
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lili Qin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaohong Xin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jianbo Jian
- Radiation Oncology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology, Ministry of Education (Tianjin University), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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8
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Brooks FJ, Gunsten SP, Vasireddi SK, Brody SL, Anastasio MA. Quantification of image texture in X-ray phase-contrast-enhanced projection images of in vivo mouse lungs observed at varied inflation pressures. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14208. [PMID: 31444862 PMCID: PMC6708057 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there are very limited noninvasive, regional assays of in vivo lung microstructure near the alveolar level. It has been suggested that x-ray phase-contrast enhanced imaging reveals information about the air volume of the lung; however, the image texture information in these images remains underutilized. Projection images of in vivo mouse lungs were acquired via a tabletop, propagation-based, X-ray phase-contrast imaging system. Anesthetized mice were mechanically ventilated in an upright position. Consistent with previously published studies, a distinct image texture was observed uniquely within lung regions. Lung regions were automatically identified using supervised machine learning applied to summary measures of the image texture data. It was found that an unsupervised clustering within predefined lung regions colocates with expected differences in anatomy along the cranial-caudal axis in upright mice. It was also found that specifically selected inflation pressures-here, a purposeful surrogate of distinct states of mechanical expansion-can be predicted from the lung image texture alone, that the prediction model itself varies from apex to base and that prediction is accurate regardless of overlap with nonpulmonary structures such as the ribs, mediastinum, and heart. Cross-validation analysis indicated low inter-animal variation in the image texture classifications. Together, these results suggest that the image texture observed in a single X-ray phase-contrast-enhanced projection image could be used across a range of pressure states to study regional variations in regional lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Brooks
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Sean P Gunsten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sunil K Vasireddi
- Heart and Vascular Center, MetroHealth Campus at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Steven L Brody
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mark A Anastasio
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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9
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Gradl R, Dierolf M, Yang L, Hehn L, Günther B, Möller W, Kutschke D, Stoeger T, Gleich B, Achterhold K, Donnelley M, Pfeiffer F, Schmid O, Morgan KS. Visualizing treatment delivery and deposition in mouse lungs using in vivo x-ray imaging. J Control Release 2019; 307:282-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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10
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Leong AFT, Asare E, Rex R, Xiao XH, Ramesh KT, Hufnagel TC. Determination of size distributions of non-spherical pores or particles from single x-ray phase contrast images. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:17322-17347. [PMID: 31252944 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.017322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although x-ray tomography is commonly used to characterize the three-dimensional structure of materials, sometimes this is impractical due either to limited time for data collection (such as in rapidly-evolving systems) or the need to limit the radiation exposure of the sample. In such situations, it is desirable to extract as much information as possible from a more limited data set. In this paper, we describe how to extract the size distribution of non-spherical pores (or, equivalently, particles) from single x-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI). Because the pores overlap in projection, interpreting the images and extracting quantitative information about the size distribution is non-trivial. In this paper we extend a previously-developed Fourier-based framework for interpreting the speckle pattern of XPCI images from materials with spherical pores to the more challenging case of non-spherical pores. We develop an analytical expression for the XPCI image from a distribution of randomly-oriented ellipsoidal pores, and show that we can use this expression to extract quantitative information about the size distribution from single images. We discuss three approaches to evaluating this expression, corresponding to different assumptions about the nature of the size distribution, and validate our results with simulated XPCI images and experimental data from Berea sandstone.
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11
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Crawshaw JR, Kitchen MJ, Binder-Heschl C, Thio M, Wallace MJ, Kerr LT, Roehr CC, Lee KL, Buckley GA, Davis PG, Flemmer A, Te Pas AB, Hooper SB. Laryngeal closure impedes non-invasive ventilation at birth. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2018; 103:F112-F119. [PMID: 29054974 PMCID: PMC5868244 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-312681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive ventilation is sometimes unable to provide the respiratory needs of very premature infants in the delivery room. While airway obstruction is thought to be the main problem, the site of obstruction is unknown. We investigated whether closure of the larynx and epiglottis is a major site of airway obstruction. METHODS We used phase contrast X-ray imaging to visualise laryngeal function in spontaneously breathing premature rabbits immediately after birth and at approximately 1 hour after birth. Non-invasive respiratory support was applied via a facemask and images were analysed to determine the percentage of the time the glottis and the epiglottis were open. HYPOTHESIS Immediately after birth, the larynx is predominantly closed, only opening briefly during a breath, making non-invasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation (iPPV) ineffective, whereas after lung aeration, the larynx is predominantly open allowing non-invasive iPPV to ventilate the lung. RESULTS The larynx and epiglottis were predominantly closed (open 25.5%±1.1% and 17.1%±1.6% of the time, respectively) in pups with unaerated lungs and unstable breathing patterns immediately after birth. In contrast, the larynx and the epiglottis were mostly open (90.5%±1.9% and 72.3%±2.3% of the time, respectively) in pups with aerated lungs and stable breathing patterns irrespective of time after birth. CONCLUSION Laryngeal closure impedes non-invasive iPPV at birth and may reduce the effectiveness of non-invasive respiratory support in premature infants immediately after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Crawshaw
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcus J Kitchen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Corinna Binder-Heschl
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Clayton, Australia
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marta Thio
- Newborn Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Megan J Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren T Kerr
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles C Roehr
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Clayton, Australia
| | - Katie L Lee
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Genevieve A Buckley
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter G Davis
- Newborn Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andreas Flemmer
- Division of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital and Perinatal Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Arjan B Te Pas
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stuart B Hooper
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Aulakh GK, Mann A, Belev G, Wiebe S, Kuebler WM, Singh B, Chapman D. Multiple image x-radiography for functional lung imaging. Phys Med Biol 2017; 63:015009. [PMID: 29116051 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa9904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Detection and visualization of lung tissue structures is impaired by predominance of air. However, by using synchrotron x-rays, refraction of x-rays at the interface of tissue and air can be utilized to generate contrast which may in turn enable quantification of lung optical properties. We utilized multiple image radiography, a variant of diffraction enhanced imaging, at the Canadian light source to quantify changes in unique x-ray optical properties of lungs, namely attenuation, refraction and ultra small-angle scatter (USAXS or width) contrast ratios as a function of lung orientation in free-breathing or respiratory-gated mice before and after intra-nasal bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) instillation. The lung ultra small-angle scatter and attenuation contrast ratios were significantly higher 9 h post lipopolysaccharide instillation compared to saline treatment whereas the refraction contrast decreased in magnitude. In ventilated mice, end-expiratory pressures result in an increase in ultra small-angle scatter contrast ratio when compared to end-inspiratory pressures. There were no detectable changes in lung attenuation or refraction contrast ratio with change in lung pressure alone. In effect, multiple image radiography can be applied towards following optical properties of lung air-tissue barrier over time during pathologies such as acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Aulakh
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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13
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McGillick EV, Lee K, Yamaoka S, te Pas AB, Crossley KJ, Wallace MJ, Kitchen MJ, Lewis RA, Kerr LT, DeKoninck P, Dekker J, Thio M, McDougall AR, Hooper SB. Elevated airway liquid volumes at birth: a potential cause of transient tachypnea of the newborn. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:1204-1213. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00464.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive liquid in airways and/or distal lung tissue may underpin the respiratory morbidity associated with transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN). However, its effects on lung aeration and respiratory function following birth are unknown. We investigated the effect of elevated airway liquid volumes on newborn respiratory function. Near-term rabbit kittens (30 days gestation; term ~32 days) were delivered, had their lung liquid-drained, and either had no liquid replaced (control; n = 7) or 30 ml/kg of liquid re-added to the airways [liquid added (LA); n = 7]. Kittens were mechanically ventilated in a plethysmograph. Measures of chest and lung parameters, uniformity of lung aeration, and airway size were analyzed using phase contrast X-ray imaging. The maximum peak inflation pressure required to recruit a tidal volume of 8 ml/kg was significantly greater in LA compared with control kittens (35.0 ± 0.7 vs. 26.8 ± 0.4 cmH2O, P < 0.001). LA kittens required greater time to achieve lung aeration (106 ± 14 vs. 60 ± 6 inflations, P = 0.03) and had expanded chest walls, as evidenced by an increased total chest area (32 ± 9%, P < 0.0001), lung height (17 ± 6%, P = 0.02), and curvature of the diaphragm (19 ± 8%, P = 0.04). LA kittens had lower functional residual capacity during stepwise changes in positive end-expiratory pressures (5, 3, 0, and 5 cmH20). Elevated lung liquid volumes had marked adverse effects on lung structure and function in the immediate neonatal period and reduced the ability of the lung to aerate efficiently. We speculate that elevated airway liquid volumes may underlie the initial morbidity in near-term babies with TTN after birth. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Transient tachypnea of the newborn reduces respiratory function in newborns and is thought to result due to elevated airway liquid volumes following birth. However, the effect of elevated airway liquid volumes on neonatal respiratory function is unknown. Using phase contrast X-ray imaging, we show that elevated airway liquid volumes have adverse effects on lung structure and function in the immediate newborn period, which may underlie the pathology of TTN in near-term babies after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin V. McGillick
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katie Lee
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shigeo Yamaoka
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arjan B. te Pas
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kelly J. Crossley
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan J. Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcus J. Kitchen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert A. Lewis
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lauren T. Kerr
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip DeKoninck
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Janneke Dekker
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Thio
- Women’s Newborn Research Centre, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; and
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Annie R.A. McDougall
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart B. Hooper
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Lovric G, Vogiatzis Oikonomidis I, Mokso R, Stampanoni M, Roth-Kleiner M, Schittny JC. Automated computer-assisted quantitative analysis of intact murine lungs at the alveolar scale. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183979. [PMID: 28934236 PMCID: PMC5608210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using state-of-the-art X-ray tomographic microscopy we can image lung tissue in three dimensions in intact animals down to a micrometer precision. The structural complexity and hierarchical branching scheme of the lung at this level of details, however, renders the extraction of biologically relevant quantities particularly challenging. We have developed a methodology for a detailed description of lung inflation patterns by measuring the size and the local curvature of the parenchymal airspaces. These quantitative tools for morphological and topological analyses were applied to high-resolution murine 3D lung image data, inflated at different pressure levels under immediate post mortem conditions. We show for the first time direct indications of heterogeneous intra-lobar and inter-lobar distension patterns at the alveolar level. Furthermore, we did not find any indication that a cyclic opening-and-collapse (recruitment) of a large number of alveoli takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Lovric
- Centre d’Imagerie BioMédicale, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5234 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Vogiatzis Oikonomidis
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5234 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rajmund Mokso
- Max IV Laboratory, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marco Stampanoni
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5234 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Roth-Kleiner
- Clinic of Neonatology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Kitchen MJ, Buckley GA, Leong AFT, Carnibella RP, Fouras A, Wallace MJ, Hooper SB. X-ray specks: low dose in vivo imaging of lung structure and function. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:7259-76. [PMID: 26348552 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/18/7259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory health is directly linked to the structural and mechanical properties of the airways of the lungs. For studying respiratory development and pathology, the ability to quantitatively measure airway dimensions and changes in their size during respiration is highly desirable. Real-time imaging of the terminal airways with sufficient contrast and resolution during respiration is currently not possible. Herein we reveal a simple method for measuring lung airway dimensions in small animals during respiration from a single propagation-based phase contrast x-ray image, thereby requiring minimal radiation. This modality renders the lungs visible as a speckled intensity pattern. In the near-field regime, the size of the speckles is directly correlated with that of the dominant length scale of the airways. We demonstrate that Fourier space quantification of the speckle texture can be used to statistically measure regional airway dimensions at the alveolar scale, with measurement precision finer than the spatial resolution of the imaging system. Using this technique we discovered striking differences in developmental maturity in the lungs of rabbit kittens at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Kitchen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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