1
|
Vitorino R, Barros AS, Guedes S, Caixeta DC, Sabino-Silva R. Diagnostic and monitoring applications using Near infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy in cancer and other diseases. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023:103633. [PMID: 37245681 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Early cancer diagnosis plays a critical role in improving treatment outcomes and increasing survival rates for certain cancers. NIR spectroscopy offers a rapid and cost-effective approach to evaluate the optical properties of tissues at the microvessel level and provides valuable molecular insights. The integration of NIR spectroscopy with advanced data-driven algorithms in portable instruments has made it a cutting-edge technology for medical applications. NIR spectroscopy is a simple, non-invasive and affordable analytical tool that complements expensive imaging modalities such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and computed tomography. By examining tissue absorption, scattering, and concentrations of oxygen, water, and lipids, NIR spectroscopy can reveal inherent differences between tumor and normal tissue, often revealing specific patterns that help stratify disease. In addition, the ability of NIR spectroscopy to assess tumor blood flow, oxygenation, and oxygen metabolism provides a key paradigm for its application in cancer diagnosis. This review evaluates the effectiveness of NIR spectroscopy in the detection and characterization of disease, particularly in cancer, with or without the incorporation of chemometrics and machine learning algorithms. The report highlights the potential of NIR spectroscopy technology to significantly improve discrimination between benign and malignant tumors and accurately predict treatment outcomes. In addition, as more medical applications are studied in large patient cohorts, consistent advances in clinical implementation can be expected, making NIR spectroscopy a valuable adjunct technology for cancer therapy management. Ultimately, the integration of NIR spectroscopy into cancer diagnostics promises to improve prognosis by providing critical new insights into cancer patterns and physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Vitorino
- Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - António S Barros
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Guedes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Douglas C Caixeta
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostics and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Robinson Sabino-Silva
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostics and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pradhan R, Dubey SK, Puri A, Taliyan R. Development and validation of a stability‐indicating reversed‐phase–high‐performance liquid chromatography method for quantification of 2‐[1‐hexyloxyethyl]‐2‐devinyl pyropheophorbide‐a from lipid‐polymeric hybrid nanoparticles. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Pradhan
- Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani India
- R&D Healthcare Division Emami Ltd. Kolkata India
| | - Anu Puri
- RNA Structure and Design Section, RNA Biology Laboratory (RBL), Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute – Frederick Frederick Maryland USA
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang W, Yang G, Li MY, Liu ZY, Liao YH, Liu HY. Photodynamic antitumor activity of Gallium(III) and Phosphorus(V) complexes of trimethoxyl A 2B triaryl corrole. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106177. [PMID: 36183563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Two new trimethoxyl A2B triaryl corroles 10-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-5,15-bis(pentafluorophenyl)- corrole (1) and 10-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-5,15-bis(pentafluorophenyl)-corrole (2) and their gallium(III) and phosphorus(V) (1-Ga, 1-P, 2-Ga and 2-P) complexes had been prepared and well characterized by UV-vis, NMR and HR-MS. Among all compounds, 2-Ga, 1-P and 2-P showed excellent in vivo photodynamic activity against the MDA-MB-231, A549, Hela and HepG2 cell lines upon light irradiation at 625 nm. And 2-P even exhibited higher phototoxicity than the clinical photosensitizer temoporfin. Also, 2-P exhibited the highest singlet oxygen quantum yield and photostability. The preliminary investigation revealed that 2-P could be rapidly absorbed by tumor cells and mainly located in the cytoplasm. After photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment with 2-P, mitochondrial membrane potential destruction, intracellular ROS level increasing and nuclear fragmentation of cancer cells could be observed. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that the 2-P PDT may cause tumor cell arrest at sub-G1 stage and induce early and late apoptosis of cells. These results suggest that 2-P is a promising candidate as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Gang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Ze-Yu Liu
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Yu-Hui Liao
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China.
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang F, Han G, Zhang X, Li Y, Miao Z, Yao J. Novel pyropheophorbide a dimers: Synthesis and photobiological evaluation as potent photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
5
|
Zhang T, Abdelaziz MM, Cai S, Yang X, Aires DJ, Forrest ML. Hyaluronic acid carrier-based photodynamic therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 37:102706. [PMID: 34954388 PMCID: PMC8898305 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Conventional photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) typically have wide tissue distribution and poor water solubility. A hyaluronic acid (HA) polymeric nanoparticle with specific lymphatic uptake and highly water solubility was developed to deliver pyropheophorbide-a (PPa) for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS PPa was chemically conjugated to the HA polymeric nanoparticle via an adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) linker. The conjugates were injected subcutaneously in a region near the tumor. Near-infrared (NIR) imaging was used to monitor distribution, and diode laser was used to activate PPa. The singlet oxygen generation efficiency of PPa was not affected by conjugation to HA nanoparticles at a PPa loading degree of 1.89 w.t.%. HA-ADH-PPa inhibited human HNSCC MDA-1986 cell growth only when photo-irradiation was applied. After HA-ADH-PPa treatment and radiation, NU/NU mice bearing human HNSCC MDA-1986 tumors showed reduced tumor growth and significantly enhanced survival time compared with an untreated group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that HA-ADH-PPa could be useful for in vivo locoregional photodynamic therapy of HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ti Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Ave., Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | | | - Shuang Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Ave., Lawrence, KS 66047, USA,HylaPharm LLC, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Xinmai Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Daniel J. Aires
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA,HylaPharm LLC, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - M. Laird Forrest
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Ave., Lawrence, KS 66047, USA,Author for correspondence Phone: 1-785-864-4388,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mo W, Patel NJ, Chen Y, Pandey R, Sunar U. Mapping fluorescence resonance energy transfer parameters of a bifunctional agent using time-domain fluorescence diffuse optical tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000291. [PMID: 33025728 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a method to map fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) parameters of a bifunctional photodynamic therapy agent, (2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a)-cyanine dye (HPPH-CD) conjugate, which consists of a photosensitizer (HPPH) and a fluorescent agent CD. We utilized time-domain fluorescence diffuse optical tomography, the normalized Born ratio model in the Fourier-domain, and an iterative algorithm to map depth-resolved spatial heterogeneities of FRET parameters. Our results exhibited depth-resolved changes of fluorophore's lifetime and the distance maps due to FRET between HPPH and CD. Our model suggests a potential approach of using FRET parameters to monitor efficacies of multifunctional photodynamic therapy agents in deep tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Mo
- Topcon Healthcare Solutions, San Jose, California, USA
| | - Nayan J Patel
- Department of Cell Stress Biology and PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Yihui Chen
- Department of Cell Stress Biology and PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ravindra Pandey
- Department of Cell Stress Biology and PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ulas Sunar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gao YH, Li MY, Sajjad F, Wang JH, Meharban F, Gadoora MA, Yan YJ, Nyokong T, Chen ZL. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of chlorin derivatives for photodynamic therapy of cholangiocarcinoma. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 189:112049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
8
|
Mireles M, Morales-Dalmau J, Johansson JD, Vidal-Rosas EE, Vilches C, Martínez-Lozano M, Sanz V, de Miguel I, Casanovas O, Quidant R, Durduran T. Non-invasive and quantitative in vivo monitoring of gold nanoparticle concentration and tissue hemodynamics by hybrid optical spectroscopies. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:5595-5606. [PMID: 30860518 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08790c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their unique combination of chemical and physical properties, inorganic nanoparticles show a great deal of potential as suitable agents for early diagnostics and less invasive therapies. Yet, their translation to the clinic has been hindered, in part, by the lack of non-invasive methods to quantify their concentration in vivo while also assessing their effect on the tissue physiology. In this work, we demonstrate that diffuse optical techniques, employing near-infrared light, have the potential to address this need in the case of gold nanoparticles which support localized surface plasmons. An orthoxenograft mouse model of clear cell renal cell carcinoma was non-invasively assessed by diffuse reflectance and correlation spectroscopies before and over several days following a single intravenous tail vein injection of polyethylene glycol-coated gold nanorods (AuNRs-PEG). Our platform enables to resolve the kinetics of the AuNR-PEG uptake by the tumor in quantitative agreement with ex vivo inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Furthermore, it allows for the simultaneous monitoring of local tissue hemodynamics, enabling us to conclude that AuNRs-PEG do not significantly alter the animal physiology. We note that the penetration depth of this current probe was a few millimeters but can readily be extended to centimeters, hence gaining clinical relevance. This study and the methodology presented here complement the nanomedicine toolbox by providing a flexible platform, extendable to other absorbing agents that can potentially be translated to human trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Mireles
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shakhova M, Loginova D, Meller A, Sapunov D, Orlinskaya N, Shakhov A, Khilov A, Kirillin M. Photodynamic therapy with chlorin-based photosensitizer at 405 nm: numerical, morphological, and clinical study. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-9. [PMID: 29956507 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.9.091412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Employment of chlorin-based photosensitizers (PSs) provides additional advantages to photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to absorption peak around 405 nm allowing for superficial impact and efficient antimicrobial therapy. We report on the morphological and clinical study of the efficiency of PDT at 405 nm employing chlorin-based PS. Numerical studies demonstrated difference in the distribution of absorbed dose at 405 nm in comparison with traditionally employed wavelength of 660 nm and difference in the in-depth absorbed dose distribution for skin and mucous tissues. Morphological study was performed at the inner surface of rabbit ear with histological examinations at different periods after PDT procedure. Animal study revealed tissue reaction to PDT consisting in edema manifested most in 3 days after the procedure and neoangiogenesis. OCT diagnostics was confirmed by histological examination. Clinical study included antimicrobial PDT of pharynx chronic inflammatory diseases. It revealed no side effects or complications of the PDT procedure. Pharyngoscopy indicated reduction of inflammatory manifestations, and, in particular cases, hypervascularization was observed. Morphological changes were also detected in the course of monitoring, which are in agreement with pharyngoscopy results. Microbiologic study after PDT revealed no pathogenic bacteria; however, in particular cases, saprophytic flora was detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Shakhova
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Daria Loginova
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Advanced School of General and Applied Physics, Russia
| | - Alina Meller
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dmitry Sapunov
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Natalia Orlinskaya
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Andrey Shakhov
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
de Souza ALR, LaRochelle E, Marra K, Gunn J, Davis SC, Samkoe KS, Chapman MS, Maytin EV, Hasan T, Pogue BW. Assessing daylight & low-dose rate photodynamic therapy efficacy, using biomarkers of photophysical, biochemical and biological damage metrics in situ. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 20:227-233. [PMID: 29037911 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunlight can activate photodynamic therapy (PDT), and this is a proven strategy to reduce pain caused byconventional PDT treatment, but assessment of this and other alternative low dose rate light sources, and their efficacy, has not been studied in an objective, controlled pre-clinical setting. This study used three objective assays to assess the efficacy of different PDT treatment regimens, using PpIX fluorescence as a photophysical measure, STAT3 cross-linking as a photochemical measure, and keratinocyte damage as a photobiological measure. METHODS Nude mouse skin was used along with in vivo measures of photosensitizer fluorescence, keratinocyte nucleus damage from pathology, and STAT3 cross-linking from Western blot analysis. Light sources compared included a low fluence rate red LED panel, compact fluorescent bulbs, halogen bulbs and direct sunlight, as compared to traditional PDT delivery with conventional and fractionated high fluence rate red LED light delivery. RESULTS Of the three biomarkers, two had strong correlation to the PpIX-weighted light dose, which is calculated as the product of the treatment light dose (J/cm2) and the normalized PpIX absorption spectra. Comparison of STAT3 cross-linking to PpIX-weighted light dose had an R=0.74, and comparison of keratinocyte nuclear damage R=0.70. There was little correlation to PpIX fluorescence. These assays indicate most of the low fluence rate treatment modalities were as effective as conventional PDT, while fractionated PDT showed the most damage. CONCLUSIONS Daylight or artificial light PDT provides an alternative schedule for delivery of drug-light treatment, and this pre-clinical assay demonstrated that in vivo assays of damage could be used to objectively predict a clinical outcome in this altered delivery process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Ribeiro de Souza
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Ethan LaRochelle
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Kayla Marra
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Jason Gunn
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Scott C Davis
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Kimberley S Samkoe
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA; Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - M Shane Chapman
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Edward V Maytin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Brian W Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA; Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Harris K, Rohrbach DJ, Attwood K, Qiu J, Sunar U. Optical imaging of tissue obtained by transbronchial biopsies of peripheral lung lesions. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:1386-1392. [PMID: 28616294 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchoscopic procedures have been increasingly used for the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancers, but the yield remains moderately low. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility and ability of a custom-built bimodal optical spectroscopy system to enhance the on-site discrimination between malignant and benign specimens obtained from the transbronchial lung biopsies (TBLB) of peripheral lung lesions. METHODS We conducted a prospective and single-center pilot study to examine the TBLB specimens obtained from peripheral lung lesions. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and diffuse fluorescence spectroscopy (DFS) parameters were used to analyze the optical characteristics of these specimens. RESULTS One hundred and sixteen biopsy specimens from 15 patients were analyzed using optical imaging. All specimens had a confirmed pathologic diagnosis. Notably, 22 of the 116 specimens were malignant, and 10 of the 94 non-malignant specimens were necrotic biopsies. Individual parameters showed significant difference between the three groups (malignant, non-malignant and necrosis). Multivariate analysis of the blood, scattering and fluorescence parameters demonstrated a sensitivity of 77.3% and specificity of 73.1% in differentiating between malignant and benign specimens and a sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 100% in differentiating malignant from necrotic specimens. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that optical spectroscopy is a feasible modality for on-site discrimination between malignant and benign as well as malignant and necrotic TBLB specimens of peripheral lung lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kassem Harris
- Department of Medicine, Interventional Pulmonary section, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla New York, USA
| | - Daniel J Rohrbach
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, United States Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristopher Attwood
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jingxin Qiu
- Department of pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ulas Sunar
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, United States Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Saenz C, Cheruku RR, Ohulchanskyy TY, Joshi P, Tabaczynski WA, Missert JR, Chen Y, Pera P, Tracy E, Marko A, Rohrbach D, Sunar U, Baumann H, Pandey RK. Structural and Epimeric Isomers of HPPH [3-Devinyl 3-{1-(1-hexyloxy) ethyl}pyropheophorbide-a]: Effects on Uptake and Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:933-946. [PMID: 28165706 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The tetrapyrrole structure of porphyrins used as photosentizing agents is thought to determine uptake and retention by malignant epithelial cancer cells. To assess the contribution of the oxidized state of individual rings to these cellular processes, bacteriochlorophyll a was converted into the ring "D" reduced 3-devinyl-3-[1-(1-hexyloxy)ethyl]pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) and the corresponding ring "B" reduced isomer (iso-HPPH). The carboxylic acid analogs of both ring "B" and ring "D" reduced isomers showed several-fold higher accumulation into the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum by primary culture of human lung and head and neck cancer cells than the corresponding methyl ester analogs that localize primarily to granular vesicles and to a lesser extent to mitochondria. However, long-term cellular retention of these compounds exhibited an inverse relationship with tumor cells generally retaining better the methyl-ester derivatives. In vivo distribution and tumor uptake was evaluated in the isogenic model of BALB/c mice bearing Colon26 tumors using the respective 14C-labeled analogs. Both carboxylic acid derivatives demonstrated similar intracellular localization and long-term tumor cure with no significant skin phototoxicity. PDT-mediated tumor action involved vascular damage, which was confirmed by a reduction in blood flow and immunohistochemical assessment of damage to the vascular endothelium. The HPPH stereoisomers (epimers) showed identical uptake (in vitro & in vivo), intracellular retention and photoreaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tymish Y. Ohulchanskyy
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 518060
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Diaz D, Lafontant A, Neidrauer M, Weingarten MS, DiMaria-Ghalili RA, Scruggs E, Rece J, Fried GW, Kuzmin VL, Zubkov L. Pressure injury prediction using diffusely scattered light. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:25003. [PMID: 28301656 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.2.025003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pressure injuries (PIs) originate beneath the surface of the skin at the interface between bone and soft tissue. We used diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) and diffuse near-infrared spectroscopy (DNIRS) to predict the development of PIs by measuring dermal and subcutaneous red cell motion and optical absorption and scattering properties in 11 spinal cord injury subjects with only nonbleachable redness in the sacrococcygeal area in a rehabilitation hospital and 20 healthy volunteers. A custom optical probe was developed to obtain continuous DCS and DNIRS data from sacrococcygeal tissue while the subjects were placed in supine and lateral positions to apply pressure from body weight and to release pressure, respectively. Rehabilitation patients were measured up to four times over a two-week period. Three rehabilitation patients developed open PIs (POs) within four weeks and eight patients did not (PNOs). Temporal correlation functions in the area of redness were significantly different ( p < 0.01 ) during both baseline and applied pressure stages for POs and PNOs. The results show that our optical method may be used for the early prediction of ulcer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Diaz
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alec Lafontant
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Michael Neidrauer
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Michael S Weingarten
- Drexel University, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Rose Ann DiMaria-Ghalili
- Drexel University, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ericka Scruggs
- Magee Rehabilitation Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Julianne Rece
- Magee Rehabilitation Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Guy W Fried
- Magee Rehabilitation Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Leonid Zubkov
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Patel N, Pera P, Joshi P, Dukh M, Tabaczynski WA, Siters KE, Kryman M, Cheruku RR, Durrani F, Missert JR, Watson R, Ohulchanskyy TY, Tracy EC, Baumann H, Pandey RK. Highly Effective Dual-Function Near-Infrared (NIR) Photosensitizer for Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) of Cancer. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9774-9787. [PMID: 27749069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the synthesis and biological efficacy of near-infrared (NIR), bacteriochlorin analogues: 3-(1'-butyloxy)ethyl-3-deacetyl-bacteriopurpurin-18-N-butylimide methyl ester (3) and the corresponding carboxylic acid 10. In in vitro assays, compared to its methyl ester analogue 3, the corresponding carboxylic acid derivative 10 showed higher photosensitizing efficacy. However, due to drastically different pharmacokinetics in vivo, the PS 3 (HPLC purity >99%) showed higher tumor uptake and long-term tumor cure than 10 (HPLC purity >96.5%) in BALB/c mice bearing Colon 26 tumors. Isomerically pure R- and S- isomers of 3 (3a and 3b, purity by HPLC > 99%) under similar treatment parameters showed identical efficacy in vitro and in vivo. In addition, photosensitizer (PS) 3 showed limited skin phototoxicity and provides an additional advantage over the clinically approved chemically complex hematoporphyrin derivative as well as other porphyrin-based PDT agents, which makes 3 a promising dual-function agent for fluorescence-guided surgery with an option of phototherapy of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kevin E Siters
- Photolitec, LLC , 73 High Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Mark Kryman
- Photolitec, LLC , 73 High Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Tymish Y Ohulchanskyy
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.,Institute of Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University of Buffalo , Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | | | | | - Ravindra K Pandey
- Photolitec, LLC , 73 High Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mallidi S, Anbil S, Bulin AL, Obaid G, Ichikawa M, Hasan T. Beyond the Barriers of Light Penetration: Strategies, Perspectives and Possibilities for Photodynamic Therapy. Theranostics 2016; 6:2458-2487. [PMID: 27877247 PMCID: PMC5118607 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemistry based treatment modality that involves the generation of cytotoxic species through the interactions of a photosensitizer molecule with light irradiation of an appropriate wavelength. PDT is an approved therapeutic modality for several cancers globally and in several cases has proved to be effective where traditional treatments have failed. The key parameters that determine PDT efficacy are 1. the photosensitizer (nature of the molecules, selectivity, and macroscopic and microscopic localization etc.), 2. light application (wavelength, fluence, fluence rate, irradiation regimes etc.) and 3. the microenvironment (vascularity, hypoxic regions, stromal tissue density, molecular heterogeneity etc.). Over the years, several groups aimed to monitor and manipulate the components of these critical parameters to improve the effectiveness of PDT treatments. However, PDT is still misconstrued to be a surface treatment primarily due to the limited depths of light penetration. In this review, we present the recent advances, strategies and perspectives in PDT approaches, particularly in cancer treatment, that focus on increasing the 'damage zone' beyond the reach of light in the body. This is enabled by a spectrum of approaches that range from innovative photosensitizer excitation strategies, increased specificity of phototoxicity, and biomodulatory approaches that amplify the biotherapeutic effects induced by photodynamic action. Along with the increasing depth of understanding of the underlying physical, chemical and physiological mechanisms, it is anticipated that with the convergence of these strategies, the clinical utility of PDT will be expanded to a powerful modality in the armamentarium for the management of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Sriram Anbil
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
- The University of Texas School of Medicine at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Anne-Laure Bulin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Girgis Obaid
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Megumi Ichikawa
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Photodynamic Therapy-Induced Microvascular Changes in a Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Model Assessed by Photoacoustic Microscopy and Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy. PHOTONICS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics3030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
17
|
Jinadasa RGW, Zhou Z, Vicente MGH, Smith KM. Syntheses and cellular investigations of di-aspartate and aspartate-lysine chlorin e(6) conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1049-64. [PMID: 26633562 PMCID: PMC4701634 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02241j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chlorin e6 is a tricarboxylic acid degradation product of chlorophyll a. Four chlorin e6 bis(amino acid) conjugates were regioselectively synthesized bearing two aspartate conjugates in the 13(1),17(3)- and 15(2),17(3)-positions, or at the 13(1),15(2)via an ethylene diamine linker. One additional conjugate bearing two different amino acids, lysine at 13(1)via an ethylene diamine linker and an aspartate at 15(2)via a β-alanine linker was also synthesized. The cytotoxicity and uptake of four di(amino acid) chlorin e6 conjugates were investigated in human HEp2 cells, and compared with chlorin e6. The most cytotoxic and most taken up conjugates were the zwitterionic 13(1),15(2)-disubstituted conjugates 28 and 33; these also localized in multiple organelles. In contrast, the anionic 13(1),17(3)- and 15(2),17(3)-di-aspartyl chlorin e6 conjugates 12 and 13 showed low dark cytoxicity and lower phototoxicity compared with chlorin e6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R G Waruna Jinadasa
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rohrbach DJ, Rigual N, Arshad H, Tracy EC, Cooper MT, Shafirstein G, Wilding G, Merzianu M, Baumann H, Henderson BW, Sunar U. Intraoperative optical assessment of photodynamic therapy response of superficial oral squamous cell carcinoma. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:18002. [PMID: 26780226 PMCID: PMC5996863 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.1.018002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) measurements could assess clinical response to photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In addition, the correlation between parameters measured with DOS and the crosslinking of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a molecular marker for PDT-induced photoreaction, was investigated. Thirteen patients with early stage HNSCC received the photosensitizer 2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinylpyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) and DOS measurements were performed before and after PDT in the operating room (OR). In addition, biopsies were acquired after PDT to assess the STAT3 crosslinking. Parameters measured with DOS, including blood volume fraction, blood oxygen saturation (StO2), HPPH concentration (cHPPH), HPPH fluorescence, and blood flow index (BFI), were compared to the pathologic response and the STAT3 crosslinking. The best individual predictor of pathological response was a change in cHPPH (sensitivity=60%, specificity=100%), while discrimination analysis using a two-parameter classifier (change in cHPPH and change in StO2) classified pathological response with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. BFI showed the best correlation with the crosslinking of STAT3. These results indicate that DOS-derived parameters can assess the clinical response in the OR, allowing for earlier reintervention if needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Rohrbach
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Cell Stress Biology, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
- Wright State University, Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, 207 Russ Center, Dayton, Ohio 45435, United States
| | - Nestor Rigual
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Hassan Arshad
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Erin C. Tracy
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Michelle T. Cooper
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Cell Stress Biology, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Gal Shafirstein
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Cell Stress Biology, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Gregory Wilding
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Mihai Merzianu
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Heinz Baumann
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Barbara W. Henderson
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Cell Stress Biology, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Ulas Sunar
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Cell Stress Biology, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
- Wright State University, Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, 207 Russ Center, Dayton, Ohio 45435, United States
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 332 Bonner Hall, Buffalo, New York 14228, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kress J, Rohrbach DJ, Carter KA, Luo D, Shao S, Lele S, Lovell JF, Sunar U. Quantitative imaging of light-triggered doxorubicin release. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:3546-55. [PMID: 26417522 PMCID: PMC4574678 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.003546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of chemotherapy is related, in large part, to the concentration of drug that reaches tumor sites. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a common anti-cancer drug that is also approved for use in liposomal form for the treatment of ovarian cancer. We recently developed a porphyrin-phospholipid (PoP)-liposome system that enables on demand release of DOX from liposomes using near infrared irradiation to improve DOX bioavailability. Owing to its intrinsic fluorescence, it is possible, and desirable, to quantify DOX concentration and distribution, preferably noninvasively. Here we quantified DOX distribution following light-triggered drug release in phantoms and an animal carcass using spatial frequency domain imaging. This study demonstrates the feasibility of non-invasive quantitative mapping of DOX distributions in target areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Kress
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rohrbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Kevin A. Carter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Dandan Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shashikant Lele
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan F. Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ulas Sunar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kurenova E, Ucar D, Liao J, Yemma M, Gogate P, Bshara W, Sunar U, Seshadri M, Hochwald SN, Cance WG. A FAK scaffold inhibitor disrupts FAK and VEGFR-3 signaling and blocks melanoma growth by targeting both tumor and endothelial cells. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:2542-53. [PMID: 25486195 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2015.941760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma has the highest mortality rate of all skin cancers and a major cause of treatment failure is drug resistance. Tumors heterogeneity requires novel therapeutic strategies and new drugs targeting multiple pathways. One of the new approaches is targeting the scaffolding function of tumor related proteins such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK). FAK is overexpressed in most solid tumors and is involved in multiple protein-protein interactions critical for tumor cell survival, tumor neovascularization, progression and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of the FAK scaffold inhibitor C4, targeted to the FAK-VEGFR-3 complex, against melanomas. We compared C4 inhibitory effects in BRAF mutant vs BRAF wild type melanomas. C4 effectively caused melanoma tumor regression in vivo, when administered alone and sensitized tumors to chemotherapy. The most dramatic effect of C4 was related to reduction of vasculature of both BRAF wild type and V600E mutant xenograft tumors. The in vivo effects of C4 were assessed in xenograft models using non-invasive multimodality imaging in conjunction with histologic and molecular biology methods. C4 inhibited cell viability, adhesion and motility of melanoma and endothelial cells, specifically blocked phosphorylation of VEGFR-3 and FAK and disrupted their complexes. Specificity of in vivo effects for C4 were confirmed by a decrease in tumor FAK and VEGFR-3 phosphorylation, reduction of vasculogenesis and reduced blood flow. Our collective observations provide evidence that a small molecule inhibitor targeted to the FAK protein-protein interaction site successfully inhibits melanoma growth through dual targeting of tumor and endothelial cells and is effective against both BRAF wild type and mutant melanomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kurenova
- a Department of Surgical Oncology ; Roswell Park Cancer Institute ; Buffalo , NY USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rohrbach DJ, Zeitouni NC, Muffoletto D, Saager R, Tromberg BJ, Sunar U. Characterization of nonmelanoma skin cancer for light therapy using spatial frequency domain imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:1761-6. [PMID: 26137378 PMCID: PMC4467704 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.001761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The dosimetry of light-based therapies critically depends on both optical and vascular parameters. We utilized spatial frequency domain imaging to quantify optical and vascular parameters, as well as estimated light penetration depth from 17 nonmelanoma skin cancer patients. Our data indicates that there exist substantial spatial variations in these parameters. Characterization of these parameters may inform understanding and optimization of the clinical response of light-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Rohrbach
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY,
USA
| | | | - Daniel Muffoletto
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY,
USA
| | - Rolf Saager
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA,
USA
| | - Bruce J. Tromberg
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA,
USA
| | - Ulas Sunar
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY,
USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mallidi S, Spring BQ, Hasan T. Optical Imaging, Photodynamic Therapy and Optically Triggered Combination Treatments. Cancer J 2015; 21:194-205. [PMID: 26049699 PMCID: PMC4459538 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Optical imaging is becoming increasingly promising for real-time image-guided resections, and combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT), a photochemistry-based treatment modality, optical approaches can be intrinsically "theranostic." Challenges in PDT include precise light delivery, dosimetry, and photosensitizer tumor localization to establish tumor selectivity, and like all other modalities, incomplete treatment and subsequent activation of molecular escape pathways are often attributable to tumor heterogeneity. Key advances in molecular imaging, target-activatable photosensitizers, and optically active nanoparticles that provide both cytotoxicity and a drug release mechanism have opened exciting avenues to meet these challenges. The focus of the review is optical imaging in the context of PDT, but the general principles presented are applicable to many of the conventional approaches to cancer management. We highlight the role of optical imaging in providing structural, functional, and molecular information regarding photodynamic mechanisms of action, thereby advancing PDT and PDT-based combination therapies of cancer. These advances represent a PDT renaissance with increasing applications of clinical PDT as a frontline cancer therapy working in concert with fluorescence-guided surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Bryan Q. Spring
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Srivatsan A, Missert JR, Upadhyay SK, Pandey RK. Porphyrin-based photosensitizers and the corresponding multifunctional nanoplatforms for cancer-imaging and phototherapy. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424615300037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review article briefly describes: (a) the advantages in developing multifunctional nanoparticles for cancer-imaging and therapy, (b) the advantages and limitations of most of the porphyrin-based compounds in fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT), (c) problems associated with current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved photosensitizers, (d) challenges in developing in vivo target-specific PDT agents, (e) development of porphyrin-based nuclear-imaging agents (PET, SPECT) with an option of PDT, (f) the importance of light dosimetry in PDT, (g) the role of whole body or local hyperthermia in enhancing tumor-uptake, tumor-imaging and phototherapy and finally, (h) the advantages of photosensitizer-gold nanocages (Ps- Au NC) in photoacoustic and PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Srivatsan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Joseph R. Missert
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | | | - Ravindra K. Pandey
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Penjweini R, Liu B, Kim MM, Zhu TC. Explicit dosimetry for 2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a-mediated photodynamic therapy: macroscopic singlet oxygen modeling. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:128003. [PMID: 26720883 PMCID: PMC4698734 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.12.128003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Type II photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on the photochemical reactions mediated through an interaction between a photosensitizer, ground-state oxygen ([(3)O2]), and light excitation at an appropriate wavelength, which results in production of reactive singlet oxygen ([(1)O2]rx). We use an empirical macroscopic model based on four photochemical parameters for the calculation of [(1)O2]rx threshold concentration ([(1)O2]rx,sh) causing tissue necrosis in tumors after PDT. For this reason, 2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH)-mediated PDT was performed interstitially on mice with radiation-induced fibrosarcoma (RIF) tumors. A linear light source at 665 nm with total energy released per unit length of 12 to 100 J/cm and source power per unit length (LS) of 12 to 150 mW/cm was used to induce different radii of necrosis. Then the amount of [(1)O2]rx calculated by the macroscopic model incorporating explicit PDT dosimetry of light fluence distribution, tissue optical properties, and HPPH concentration was correlated to the necrotic radius to obtain the model parameters and [(1)O2]rx,sh. We provide evidence that [(1)O2]rx is a better dosimetric quantity for predicting the treatment outcome than PDT dose, which is proportional to the time integral of the products of the photosensitizer concentration and light fluence rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rozhin Penjweini
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard TRC 4W, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Baochang Liu
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard TRC 4W, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michele M. Kim
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard TRC 4W, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Timothy C. Zhu
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard TRC 4W, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Timothy C. Zhu, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Baker WB, Parthasarathy AB, Busch DR, Mesquita RC, Greenberg JH, Yodh AG. Modified Beer-Lambert law for blood flow. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:4053-75. [PMID: 25426330 PMCID: PMC4242038 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.004053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We develop and validate a Modified Beer-Lambert law for blood flow based on diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) measurements. The new formulation enables blood flow monitoring from temporal intensity autocorrelation function data taken at single or multiple delay-times. Consequentially, the speed of the optical blood flow measurement can be substantially increased. The scheme facilitates blood flow monitoring of highly scattering tissues in geometries wherein light propagation is diffusive or non-diffusive, and it is particularly well-suited for utilization with pressure measurement paradigms that employ differential flow signals to reduce contributions of superficial tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley B. Baker
- Dept. Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,
USA
| | | | - David R. Busch
- Dept. Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,
USA
- Div. of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104,
USA
| | - Rickson C. Mesquita
- Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-859,
Brazil
| | - Joel H. Greenberg
- Dept. Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,
USA
| | - A. G. Yodh
- Dept. Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dong J, Toh HJ, Thong PSP, Tee CS, Bi R, Soo KC, Lee K. Hemodynamic monitoring of Chlorin e6-mediated photodynamic therapy using diffuse optical measurements. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 140:163-72. [PMID: 25146878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor response during photodynamic therapy (PDT) is heavily dependent on treatment parameters such as light dose, photosensitizer concentration, and tissue oxygenation. Therefore, it is desirable to have a real-time hemodynamic monitoring device in order to fine-tune the parameters and improve PDT efficacy. In this paper, such a tumor response monitoring system was built incorporating both frequency domain diffuse optical spectroscopy (FD-DOS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS), which enables concurrent monitoring of tissue oxygenation (StO₂), total hemoglobin concentration (THC) and relative blood flow (rBF). The tumor metabolic rate of oxygen (TMRO₂) was calculated by using the hemodynamic parameters. Mouse models bearing xenograft tumors were subjected to chlorin e6 (Ce6)-mediated PDT, and the four parameters were monitored with varying treatment conditions. The results show (1) At 3 h post-PDT, rStO₂, rBF and rTMRO₂ exhibited sharp PDT-induced decreases in responders (>40% reduction in tumor volume). Statistically significant difference between responders and non-responders were observed in rStO₂ and rBF, but not in rTMRO₂. (2) Non-responders show gradual recovery of rStO₂, rBF and rTMRO₂ from ∼24 h post-PDT, while responder group did not show recovery up until 48 h post-PDT. Long-term study results up to 2 weeks are also shown. It suggests the hybrid diffuse optical system is not only capable of real-time treatment monitoring, but also able to extract tumor metabolic rate of oxygen to provide more insights about therapy mechanism. Translation of this technique to the clinic will make a quick prognosis feasible and help with treatment optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637457, Singapore
| | - Hui Jin Toh
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Patricia S P Thong
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Chuan Sia Tee
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Renzhe Bi
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637457, Singapore
| | - Khee-Chee Soo
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Kijoon Lee
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637457, Singapore; School of Basic Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ulbricht C, Bramwell R, Catapang M, Giese N, Isaac R, Le TD, Montalbano J, Tanguay-Colucci S, Trelour NJ, Weissner W, Windsor RC, Wortley J, Yoon H, Zeolla MM. An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Chlorophyll by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. J Diet Suppl 2014; 11:198-239. [DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2013.859853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
29
|
Rigual N, Shafirstein G, Cooper MT, Baumann H, Bellnier DA, Sunar U, Tracy EC, Rohrbach DJ, Wilding G, Tan W, Sullivan M, Merzianu M, Henderson BW. Photodynamic therapy with 3-(1'-hexyloxyethyl) pyropheophorbide a for cancer of the oral cavity. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:6605-13. [PMID: 24088736 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective was to evaluate safety of 3-(1'-hexyloxyethyl)pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) photodynamic therapy (HPPH-PDT) for dysplasia and early squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). Secondary objectives were the assessment of treatment response and reporters for an effective PDT reaction. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with histologically proven oral dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, or early-stage HNSCC were enrolled in two sequentially conducted dose escalation studies with an expanded cohort at the highest dose level. These studies used an HPPH dose of 4 mg/m(2) and light doses from 50 to 140 J/cm(2). Pathologic tumor responses were assessed at 3 months. Clinical follow up range was 5 to 40 months. PDT induced cross-linking of STAT3 were assessed as potential indicators of PDT effective reaction. RESULTS Forty patients received HPPH-PDT. Common adverse events were pain and treatment site edema. Biopsy proven complete response rates were 46% for dysplasia and carcinoma in situ and 82% for squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) lesions at 140 J/cm(2). The responses in the carcinoma in situ/dysplasia cohort are not durable. The PDT-induced STAT3 cross-links is significantly higher (P = 0.0033) in SCC than in carcinoma in situ/dysplasia for all light doses. CONCLUSION HPPH-PDT is safe for the treatment of carcinoma in situ/dysplasia and early-stage cancer of the oral cavity. Early-stage oral HNSCC seems to respond better to HPPH-PDT in comparison with premalignant lesions. The degree of STAT3 cross-linking is a significant reporter to evaluate HPPH-PDT-mediated photoreaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Rigual
- Authors' Affiliations: Photodynamic Therapy Center at the Department of Cell Stress Biology, Departments of Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Dentistry, and Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), Buffalo, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yuan A, Wu J, Tang X, Zhao L, Xu F, Hu Y. Application of near-infrared dyes for tumor imaging, photothermal, and photodynamic therapies. J Pharm Sci 2012; 102:6-28. [PMID: 23132644 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) dyes, small organic molecules that function in the NIR region, have received increasing attention in recent years as diagnostic and therapeutic agents in the field of tumor research. They have been demonstrated great successes in imaging and treating tumors both in vitro and in vivo. And their different applications in clinical practices have made rapid gains. This review primarily focuses on the progress of the application of NIR dyes in tumor imaging and therapy. In particular, advances in the use of different NIR dyes in tumor-specific imaging, photothermal, and photodynamic therapies are discussed. Limitations and prospects associated with NIR dyes in diagnostic and therapeutic application are also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mitra S, Mironov O, Foster TH. Confocal fluorescence imaging enables noninvasive quantitative assessment of host cell populations in vivo following photodynamic therapy. Theranostics 2012; 2:840-9. [PMID: 23082097 PMCID: PMC3475210 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the use of optical imaging strategies to noninvasively examine photosensitizer distribution and physiological and host responses to 2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2 devinyl pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) of EMT6 tumors established in the ears of BALB/c mice. 24 h following intravenous (IV) administration of 1 μmol kg(-1) HPPH, wide-field fluorescence imaging reveals tumor selectivity with an approximately 2-3-fold differential between tumor and adjacent normal tissue. Confocal microscopy demonstrates a relatively homogeneous intratumor HPPH distribution. Labeling of host cells using fluorophore-conjugated antibodies allowed the visualization of Gr1(+)/CD11b(+) leukocytes and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II)(+) cells in vivo. Imaging of the treated site at different time-points following irradiation shows significant and rapid increases in Gr1(+) cells in response to therapy. The maximum accumulation of Gr1(+) cells is found at 24 h post-irradiation, followed by a decrease at the 48 h time-point. Using IV-injected FITC-conjugated dextran as a fluorescent perfusion marker, we imaged tissue perfusion at different times post-irradiation and found that the reduced Gr1(+ )cell density at 48 h correlated strongly with functional damage to the vasculature as reported via decreased perfusion status. Dual color confocal imaging experiments demonstrates that about 90% of the anti-Gr1 cell population co-localized with anti-CD11b labeling, thus indicating that majority of the Gr1-labeled cells were neutrophils. At 24 h post-PDT, an approximately 2-fold increase in MHC-II+ cells relative to untreated control is also observed. Co-localization analysis reveals an increase in the fraction of Gr1(+) cells expressing MHC-II, suggesting that HPPH-PDT is stimulating neutrophils to express an antigen-presenting phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas H. Foster
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rohrbach DJ, Rigual N, Tracy E, Kowalczewski A, Keymel KL, Cooper MT, Mo W, Baumann H, Henderson BW, Sunar U. Interlesion differences in the local photodynamic therapy response of oral cavity lesions assessed by diffuse optical spectroscopies. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:2142-53. [PMID: 23024908 PMCID: PMC3447556 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.002142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy depends on the local dose deposited in the lesion as well as oxygen availability in the lesion. We report significant interlesion differences between two patients with oral lesions treated with the same drug dose and similar light dose of 2-1[hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinylpyropheophorbide-a (HPPH)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT). Pre-PDT and PDT-induced changes in hemodynamic parameters and HPPH photosensitizer content, quantified by diffuse optical methods, demonstrated substantial differences between the two lesions. The differences in PDT action determined by the oxidative cross-linking of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a molecular measure of accumulated local PDT photoreaction, also showed >100-fold difference between the lesions, greatly exceeding what would be expected from the slight difference in light dose. Our results suggest diffuse optical spectroscopies can provide in vivo metrics that are indicative of local PDT dose in oral lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Rohrbach
- Department of Cell Stress Biology & PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Nestor Rigual
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Erin Tracy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Andrew Kowalczewski
- Department of Cell Stress Biology & PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Keymel
- Department of Cell Stress Biology & PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Michele T. Cooper
- Department of Cell Stress Biology & PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Weirong Mo
- Department of Cell Stress Biology & PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Heinz Baumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Barbara W. Henderson
- Department of Cell Stress Biology & PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Ulas Sunar
- Department of Cell Stress Biology & PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton St, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Baran TM, Wilson JD, Mitra S, Yao JL, Messing EM, Waldman DL, Foster TH. Optical property measurements establish the feasibility of photodynamic therapy as a minimally invasive intervention for tumors of the kidney. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:98002-1. [PMID: 23085928 PMCID: PMC3442176 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.9.098002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We measured the optical properties of freshly excised kidneys with renal parenchymal tumors to assess the feasibility of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in these patients. Kidneys were collected from 16 patients during surgical nephrectomies. Spatially resolved, white light, steady-state diffuse reflectance measurements were performed on normal and neoplastic tissue identified by a pathologist. Reflectance data were fit using a radiative transport model to obtain absorption (μa) and transport scattering coefficients (μs'), which define a characteristic light propagation distance, δ. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of light propagation from cylindrical diffusing fibers were run using the optical properties extracted from each of the kidneys. Interpretable spectra were obtained from 14 kidneys. Optical properties of human renal cancers exhibit significant inter-lesion heterogeneity. For all diagnoses, however, there is a trend toward increased light penetration at longer wavelengths. For renal cell carcinomas (RCC), mean values of δ increase from 1.28 to 2.78 mm as the PDT treatment wavelength is increased from 630 to 780 nm. MC simulations of light propagation from interstitial optical fibers show that fluence distribution in tumors is significantly improved at 780 versus 630 nm. Our results support the feasibility of PDT in selected renal cancer patients, especially with photosensitizers activated at longer wavelengths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Baran
- University of Rochester, Institute of Optics, Rochester, New York
| | - Jeremy D. Wilson
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York
| | - Soumya Mitra
- University of Rochester, Department of Imaging Sciences, Rochester, New York
| | - Jorge L. Yao
- University of Rochester, Department of Pathology, Rochester, New York
| | | | - David L. Waldman
- University of Rochester, Department of Imaging Sciences, Rochester, New York
| | - Thomas H. Foster
- University of Rochester, Institute of Optics, Rochester, New York
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York
- University of Rochester, Department of Imaging Sciences, Rochester, New York
- Address all correspondence to: Thomas H. Foster, University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Imaging Sciences, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 648, Rochester, New York 14642. Tel: 585-275-1347; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang S, Fan W, Kim G, Hah HJ, Lee YEK, Kopelman R, Ethirajan M, Gupta A, Goswami LN, Pera P, Morgan J, Pandey RK. Novel methods to incorporate photosensitizers into nanocarriers for cancer treatment by photodynamic therapy. Lasers Surg Med 2012; 43:686-95. [PMID: 22057496 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.21113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A hydrophobic photosensitizer, 2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH), was loaded into nontoxic biodegradable amine functionalized polyacrylamide (AFPAA) nanoparticles using three different methods (encapsulation, conjugation, and post-loading), forming a stable aqueous dispersion. Each formulation was characterized for physicochemical properties as well as for photodynamic performance so as to determine the most effective nanocarrier formulation containing HPPH for photodynamic therapy (PDT). MATERIALS AND METHODS HPPH or HPPH-linked acrylamide was added into monomer mixture and polymerized in a microemulsion for encapsulation and conjugation, respectively. For post-loading, HPPH was added to an aqueous suspension of pre-formed nanoparticles. Those nanoparticles were tested for optical characteristics, dye loading, dye leaching, particle size, singlet oxygen production, dark toxicity, in vitro photodynamic cell killing, whole body fluorescence imaging and in vivo PDT. RESULTS HPPH was successfully encapsulated, conjugated or post-loaded into the AFPAA nanoparticles. The resultant nanoparticles were spherical with a mean diameter of 29 ± 3 nm. The HPPH remained intact after entrapment and the HPPH leaching out of nanoparticles was negligible for all three formulations. The highest singlet oxygen production was achieved by the post-loaded formulation, which caused the highest phototoxicity in in vitro assays. No dark toxicity was observed. Post-loaded HPPH AFPAA nanoparticles were localized to tumors in a mouse colon carcinoma model, enabling fluorescence imaging, and producing a similar photodynamic tumor response to that of free HPPH in equivalent dose. CONCLUSIONS Post-loading is the promising method for loading nanoparticles with hydrophobic photosensitizers to achieve effective in vitro and in vivo PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shouyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Choe R, Durduran T. Diffuse Optical Monitoring of the Neoadjuvant Breast Cancer Therapy. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2012; 18:1367-1386. [PMID: 23243386 PMCID: PMC3521564 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2011.2177963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the use of diffuse optical techniques for monitoring the hemodynamic, metabolic and physiological signatures of the neoadjuvant breast cancer therapy effectiveness is critically reviewed. An extensive discussion of the state-of-theart diffuse optical mammography is presented alongside a discussion of the current approaches to breast cancer therapies. Overall, the diffuse optics field is growing rapidly with a great deal of promise to fill an important niche in the current approaches to monitor, predict and personalize neoadjuvant breast cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regine Choe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA;
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO- Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860, Barcelona, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mo W, Rohrbach D, Sunar U. Imaging a photodynamic therapy photosensitizer in vivo with a time-gated fluorescence tomography system. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:071306. [PMID: 22894467 PMCID: PMC3381019 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.7.071306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the tomographic imaging of a photodynamic therapy (PDT) photosensitizer, 2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) in vivo with time-domain fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (TD-FDOT). Simultaneous reconstruction of fluorescence yield and lifetime of HPPH was performed before and after PDT. The methodology was validated in phantom experiments, and depth-resolved in vivo imaging was achieved through simultaneous three-dimensional (3-D) mappings of fluorescence yield and lifetime contrasts. The tomographic images of a human head-and-neck xenograft in a mouse confirmed the preferential uptake and retention of HPPH by the tumor 24-h post-injection. HPPH-mediated PDT induced significant changes in fluorescence yield and lifetime. This pilot study demonstrates that TD-FDOT may be a good imaging modality for assessing photosensitizer distributions in deep tissue during PDT monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Mo
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Cell Stress Biology and PDT Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263
| | - Daniel Rohrbach
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Cell Stress Biology and PDT Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263
| | - Ulas Sunar
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Cell Stress Biology and PDT Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yu G. Near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy in cancer diagnosis and therapy monitoring. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:010901. [PMID: 22352633 PMCID: PMC3380819 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.1.010901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel near-infrared (NIR) diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) for tumor blood flow measurement is introduced in this review paper. DCS measures speckle fluctuations of NIR diffuse light in tissue, which are sensitive to the motions of red blood cells. DCS offers several attractive new features for tumor blood flow measurement such as noninvasiveness, portability, high temporal resolution, and relatively large penetration depth. DCS technology has been utilized for continuous measurement of tumor blood flow before, during, and after cancer therapies. In those pilot investigations, DCS hemodynamic measurements add important new variables into the mix for differentiation of benign from malignant tumors and for prediction of treatment outcomes. It is envisaged that with more clinical applications in large patient populations, DCS might emerge as an important method of choice for bedside management of cancer therapy, and it will certainly provide important new information about cancer physiology that may be of use in diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Yu
- University of Kentucky, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0070, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mesquita RC, Durduran T, Yu G, Buckley EM, Kim MN, Zhou C, Choe R, Sunar U, Yodh AG. Direct measurement of tissue blood flow and metabolism with diffuse optics. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2011; 369:4390-406. [PMID: 22006897 PMCID: PMC3263785 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse optics has proven useful for quantitative assessment of tissue oxy- and deoxyhaemoglobin concentrations and, more recently, for measurement of microvascular blood flow. In this paper, we focus on the flow monitoring technique: diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS). Representative clinical and pre-clinical studies from our laboratory illustrate the potential of DCS. Validation of DCS blood flow indices in human brain and muscle is presented. Comparison of DCS with arterial spin-labelled MRI, xenon-CT and Doppler ultrasound shows good agreement (0.50<r<0.95) over a wide range of tissue types and source detector distances, corroborating the potential of the method to measure perfusion non-invasively and in vivo at the microvasculature level. All-optical measurements of cerebral oxygen metabolism in both rat brain, following middle cerebral artery occlusion, and human brain, during functional activation, are also described. In both situations, the use of combined DCS and diffuse optical spectroscopy/near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor changes in oxygen consumption by the tissue is demonstrated. Finally, recent results spanning from gene expression-induced angiogenic response to stroke care and cancer treatment monitoring are discussed. Collectively, the research illustrates the capability of DCS to quantitatively monitor perfusion from bench to bedside, providing results that match up both with literature findings and with similar experiments performed with other techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rickson C Mesquita
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jinadasa RGW, Hu X, Vicente MGH, Smith KM. Syntheses and cellular investigations of 17(3)-, 15(2)-, and 13(1)-amino acid derivatives of chlorin e(6). J Med Chem 2011; 54:7464-76. [PMID: 21936519 DOI: 10.1021/jm2005139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of amino acid conjugates of chlorin e(6), containing lysine or aspartic acid residues in positions 17(3), 15(2), or 13(1) of the macrocycle were synthesized and investigated as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of tumors. All three regioisomers were synthesized in good yields and in five steps or less from pheophytin a (1). In vitro investigations using human carcinoma HEp2 cells show that the 15(2)-lysyl regioisomers accumulate the most within cells, and the most phototoxic are the 13(1) regioisomers. The main determinant of biological efficacy appears to be the conjugation site, probably because of molecular conformation. Molecular modeling investigations reveal that the 17(3)-substituted chlorin e(6) conjugates are L-shaped, the 15(2) and 13(1) regioisomers assume extended conformations, and the 13(1) derivatives are nearly linear. It is hypothesized that the 13(1)-aspartylchlorin e(6) conjugate may be a more efficient photosensitizer for PDT than the commercial currently used 15(2) derivative.
Collapse
|
40
|
Marrero A, Becker T, Sunar U, Morgan J, Bellnier D. Aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy combined with topically applied vascular disrupting agent vadimezan leads to enhanced antitumor responses. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:910-9. [PMID: 21575001 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The tumor vascular-disrupting agent (VDA) vadimezan (5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid, DMXAA) has been shown to potentiate the antitumor activity of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using systemically administered photosensitizers. Here, we characterized the response of subcutaneous syngeneic Colon26 murine colon adenocarcinoma tumors to PDT using the locally applied photosensitizer precursor aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in combination with a topical formulation of vadimezan. Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS), a noninvasive method for monitoring blood flow, was utilized to determine tumor vascular response to treatment. In addition, correlative CD31-immunohistochemistry to visualize endothelial damage, ELISA to measure induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and tumor weight measurements were also examined in separate animals. In our previous work, DCS revealed a selective decrease in tumor blood flow over time following topical vadimezan. ALA-PDT treatment also induced a decrease in tumor blood flow. The onset of blood flow reduction was rapid in tumors treated with both ALA-PDT and vadimezan. CD31-immunostaining of tumor sections confirmed vascular damage following topical application of vadimezan. Tumor weight measurements revealed enhanced tumor growth inhibition with combination treatment compared with ALA-PDT or vadimezan treatment alone. In conclusion, vadimezan as a topical agent enhances treatment efficacy when combined with ALA-PDT. This combination could be useful in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Marrero
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Canavesi C, Cassarly WJ, Foster TH, Rolland JP. Lightpipe device for delivery of uniform illumination for photodynamic therapy of the oral cavity. APPLIED OPTICS 2011; 50:2322-2325. [PMID: 21629308 PMCID: PMC3210505 DOI: 10.1364/ao.50.002322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A compact and efficient lightpipe device to deliver light to the human oral cavity for photodynamic therapy was designed and fabricated, having dimensions 6.8 mm × 6.8 mm × 46 mm. An average irradiance of 76 mW/cm2 with an average deviation of 5% was measured on a square 25 mm2 treatment field for an input power of 100 mW. The device limits irradiation of healthy tissue and offers potential for improvement over the current treatment procedure, which requires shielding of the whole cavity to avoid damage to healthy tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Canavesi
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Becker TL, Paquette AD, Keymel KR, Henderson BW, Sunar U. Monitoring blood flow responses during topical ALA-PDT. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 2:123-30. [PMID: 21326642 PMCID: PMC3028487 DOI: 10.1364/boe.2.000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using topical 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is currently used as a clinical treatment for nonmelanoma skin cancers. In order to optimize PDT treatment, vascular disruption early in treatment must be identified and prevented. We present blood flow responses to topical ALA-PDT in a preclinical model and basal cell carcinoma patients assessed by diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS). Our results show that ALA-PDT induced early blood flow changes and these changes were irradiance dependent. It is clear that there exists considerable variation in the blood flow responses in patients from lesion to lesion. Monitoring blood flow parameter may be useful for assessing ALA-PDT response and planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L. Becker
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Anne D. Paquette
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Kenneth R. Keymel
- Department of Cell Stress Biology & PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Barbara W. Henderson
- Department of Cell Stress Biology & PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Ulas Sunar
- Department of Cell Stress Biology & PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| |
Collapse
|