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Peruffo N, Bruschi M, Fresch B, Mancin F, Collini E. Identification of Design Principles for the Preparation of Colloidal Plexcitonic Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12793-12806. [PMID: 37641919 PMCID: PMC10501205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal plexcitonic materials (CPMs) are a class of nanosystems where molecular dyes are strongly coupled with colloidal plasmonic nanoparticles, acting as nanocavities that enhance the light field. As a result of this strong coupling, new hybrid states are formed, called plexcitons, belonging to the broader family of polaritons. With respect to other families of polaritonic materials, CPMs are cheap and easy to prepare through wet chemistry methodologies. Still, clear structure-to-properties relationships are not available, and precise rules to drive the materials' design to obtain the desired optical properties are still missing. To fill this gap, in this article, we prepared a dataset with all CPMs reported in the literature, rationalizing their design by focusing on their three main relevant components (the plasmonic nanoparticles, the molecular dyes, and the capping layers) and identifying the most used and efficient combinations. With the help of statistical analysis, we also found valuable correlations between structure, coupling regime, and optical properties. The results of this analysis are expected to be relevant for the rational design of new CPMs with controllable and predictable photophysical properties to be exploited in a vast range of technological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Peruffo
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Bruschi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Fresch
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua
Quantum Technologies Research Center, via Gradenigo 6/A, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mancin
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Collini
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua
Quantum Technologies Research Center, via Gradenigo 6/A, 35122 Padova, Italy
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2
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Dar N, Ankari R. Theoretical Models, Preparation, Characterization and Applications of Cyanine J-Aggregates: A Minireview. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200103. [PMID: 36423932 PMCID: PMC9691386 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cyanines are one of the few kinds of molecules whose absorbance and emission can be shifted in a broad spectral range from the ultraviolet to the near infrared. They can easily transform into J-aggregates with narrow absorption and emission peaks, along with a redshift in their spectra. This mini-review presents cyanine dyes and their J-aggregates and discusses their structure and spectral properties that illustrate their specificities. We summarize the theoretical and experimental state of the art on cyanine J-aggregates and their applications, also laying the groundwork for cyanine J-aggregates synthesis and characterization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitzan Dar
- Department of PhysicsFaculty of Natural ScienceAriel UniversityAriel40700Israel
| | - Rinat Ankari
- Department of PhysicsFaculty of Natural ScienceAriel UniversityAriel40700Israel
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3
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Peruffo N, Parolin G, Collini E, Corni S, Mancin F. Engineering the Aggregation of Dyes on Ligand-Shell Protected Gold Nanoparticles to Promote Plexcitons Formation. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071180. [PMID: 35407298 PMCID: PMC9000468 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The ability to control the light–matter interaction in nanosystems is a major challenge in the field of innovative photonics applications. In this framework, plexcitons are promising hybrid light–matter states arising from the strong coupling between plasmonic and excitonic materials. However, strategies to precisely control the formation of plexcitons and to modulate the coupling between the plasmonic and molecular moieties are still poorly explored. In this work, the attention is focused on suspensions of hybrid nanosystems prepared by coupling cationic gold nanoparticles to tetraphenyl porphyrins in different aggregation states. The role of crucial parameters such as the dimension of nanoparticles, the pH of the solution, and the ratio between the nanoparticles and dye concentration was systematically investigated. A variety of structures and coupling regimes were obtained. The rationalization of the results allowed for the suggestion of important guidelines towards the control of plexcitonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Peruffo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (N.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Giovanni Parolin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (N.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Collini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (N.P.); (G.P.)
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Via Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (S.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Stefano Corni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (N.P.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (S.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Mancin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (N.P.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (S.C.); (F.M.)
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4
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Kondorskiy AD, Moritaka SS, Lebedev VS. Manifestation of the anisotropic properties of the molecular J-aggregate shell in the optical spectra of plexcitonic nanoparticles. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:4600-4614. [PMID: 35209693 DOI: 10.1364/oe.446184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The theoretical studies of light absorption and scattering spectra of the plexcitonic two-layer triangular nanoprisms and three-layer nanospheres are reported. The optical properties of such metal-organic core-shell and core-double-shell nanostructures were previously explained within the framework of pure isotropic models for describing their outer excitonic shell. In this work, we show that the anisotropy of the excitonic shell permittivity can drastically affect the optical spectra of such hybrid nanostructures. This fact is confirmed by directly comparing our theory with some available experimental data, which cannot be treated using conventional isotropic shell models. We have analyzed the influence of the shell anisotropy on the optical spectra and proposed a type of hybrid nanostructure that seems the most convenient for experimental observation of the effects associated with the anisotropy of the excitonic shell. A strong dependence of the anisotropic properties of the J-aggregate shell on the material of the intermediate spacer layer is demonstrated. This allows proposing a new way to effectively control the optical properties of metal-organic nanostructures by selecting the spacer material. Our results extend the understanding of physical effects in optics of plexcitonic nanostructures to more complex systems with the anisotropic and multi-excitonic properties of their molecular aggregate shell.
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5
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Gettapola K, Gunapala SD, Premaratne M. Directional energy transport in strongly coupled chiral quantum emitter plasmonic nanostructures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:475301. [PMID: 34425568 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac203f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Achieving directional exciton energy transport can revolutionize a plethora of applications that depend on exciton energy transfer. In this study, we theoretically analyse a system that comprises a collection of chiral quantum emitters placed in a plasmonic setup made up of a metal nanoparticle trimer. We investigate the system by pumping left and right circularly polarized photons to excite the system. We observe that the generated localized surface plasmon modes are polarization-depended, causing chiral coupling between the quantum emitters and the plasmon optical modes. Based on the plasmon field intensity profiles, we show that directional exciton transport can be obtained when the light-matter interaction becomes adequately strong, leading the system towards the strong coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamani Gettapola
- Advanced Computing and Simulation Laboratory (AχL), Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sarath D Gunapala
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States of America
| | - Malin Premaratne
- Advanced Computing and Simulation Laboratory (AχL), Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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6
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Anantharaman SB, Jo K, Jariwala D. Exciton-Photonics: From Fundamental Science to Applications. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12628-12654. [PMID: 34310122 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductors in all dimensionalities ranging from 0D quantum dots and molecules to 3D bulk crystals support bound electron-hole pair quasiparticles termed excitons. Over the past two decades, the emergence of a variety of low-dimensional semiconductors that support excitons combined with advances in nano-optics and photonics has burgeoned an advanced area of research that focuses on engineering, imaging, and modulating the coupling between excitons and photons, resulting in the formation of hybrid quasiparticles termed exciton-polaritons. This advanced area has the potential to bring about a paradigm shift in quantum optics, as well as classical optoelectronic devices. Here, we present a review on the coupling of light in excitonic semiconductors and previous investigations of the optical properties of these hybrid quasiparticles via both far-field and near-field imaging and spectroscopy techniques. Special emphasis is given to recent advances with critical evaluation of the bottlenecks that plague various materials toward practical device implementations including quantum light sources. Our review highlights a growing need for excitonic material development together with optical engineering and imaging techniques to harness the utility of excitons and their host materials for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra B Anantharaman
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kiyoung Jo
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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7
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Finkelstein-Shapiro D, Mante PA, Sarisozen S, Wittenbecher L, Minda I, Balci S, Pullerits T, Zigmantas D. Understanding radiative transitions and relaxation pathways in plexcitons. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Ates S, Karademir E, Balci S, Kocabas C, Aydinli A. Large Rabi splitting of mixed plasmon-exciton states in small plasmonic moiré cavities. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5824-5827. [PMID: 33057294 DOI: 10.1364/ol.405278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on exciton-plasmon coupling in metallic moiré cavities, both numerically and experimentally. Moiré cavities fabricated using double exposure laser interference lithography were filled with a molecular dye, J-aggregate. Polarization-dependent spectroscopic reflection measurements supported by simulations reveal strong coupling of organic dye excitons with cavity modes of the plasmonic moiré cavities. An anti-crossing at zero detuning, a clear indication of strong coupling, has been observed when the excitonic absorption band resonates with the cavity mode. Large Rabi splitting energies owing to the strong coupling of plasmons and excitons are clearly observed.
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9
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Lawless J, Hrelescu C, Elliott C, Peters L, McEvoy N, Bradley AL. Influence of Gold Nano-Bipyramid Dimensions on Strong Coupling with Excitons of Monolayer MoS 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:46406-46415. [PMID: 32960560 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rabi splitting between the longitudinal plasmon of a gold nano-bipyramid and the A exciton of monolayer MoS2 is observed at room temperature. The dependence of the Rabi splitting on the physical dimensions of the nano-bipyramid is reported. The impact of bipyramid length, aspect ratio, and tip radius on the coupling strength is investigated. The mode volume of the nanoresonator is significantly reduced because of the sharp tips of the bipyramid, and the Rabi splitting increases with tip sharpness. The results also reveal that greater Rabi splitting is observed for larger bipyramids, contrasting with results previously reported for different nanoresonator shapes. This shows, for the first time, how the magnitude of the splitting has a different response for particular nanoresonators when tuning the size, without increasing the number of excitons coupled into the system. The Rabi splitting, at zero energy detuning between plasmon and A exciton, increases from ∼55 meV with a 70 nm-long bipyramid to ∼80 meV with a 100 nm-long bipyramid. The increase in coupling strength with size arises because of increasing confinement of the field enhancement at the bipyramid tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lawless
- School of Physics and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Calin Hrelescu
- School of Physics and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Carolyn Elliott
- School of Physics and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, Cork T12 R5CP, Ireland
| | - Lisanne Peters
- School of Chemistry and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Niall McEvoy
- School of Chemistry and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - A Louise Bradley
- School of Physics and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, Cork T12 R5CP, Ireland
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10
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Strong Plasmon-Exciton Coupling in Ag Nanoparticle-Conjugated Polymer Core-Shell Hybrid Nanostructures. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092141. [PMID: 32961735 PMCID: PMC7570213 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong plasmon–exciton coupling between tightly-bound excitons in organic molecular semiconductors and surface plasmons in metal nanostructures has been studied extensively for a number of technical applications, including low-threshold lasing and room-temperature Bose-Einstein condensates. Typically, excitons with narrow resonances, such as J-aggregates, are employed to achieve strong plasmon–exciton coupling. However, J-aggregates have limited applications for optoelectronic devices compared with organic conjugated polymers. Here, using numerical and analytical calculations, we demonstrate that strong plasmon–exciton coupling can be achieved for Ag-conjugated polymer core-shell nanostructures, despite the broad spectral linewidth of conjugated polymers. We show that strong plasmon–exciton coupling can be achieved through the use of thick shells, large oscillator strengths, and multiple vibronic resonances characteristic of typical conjugated polymers, and that Rabi splitting energies of over 1000 meV can be obtained using realistic material dispersive relative permittivity parameters. The results presented herein give insight into the mechanisms of plasmon–exciton coupling when broadband excitonic materials featuring strong vibrational–electronic coupling are employed and are relevant to organic optoelectronic devices and hybrid metal–organic photonic nanostructures.
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11
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Hendel T, Krivenkov V, Sánchez-Iglesias A, Grzelczak M, Rakovich YP. Strongly coupled exciton-plasmon nanohybrids reveal extraordinary resistance to harsh environmental stressors: temperature, pH and irradiation. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:16875-16883. [PMID: 32766626 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04298f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hybridized plexcitonic states have unique properties which have been widely studied in recent decades in many research fields targeted at both fundamental science and innovative applications. However, to make these applications come true one needs to ensure the stabilization and preservation of electronic states and optical transitions in hybrid nanostructures, especially under the influence of external stressors, in regimes, that have not yet been comprehensively investigated. The present work shows that the nanohybrid system, composed of plasmonic nanoparticles and J-aggregates of organic molecules, displays outstanding resistance to harsh environmental stressors such as temperature, pH and strong light irradiation as well as demonstrates long-term stability and processability of the nanostructures both in weak and strong coupling regimes. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the physicochemical properties of plexcitonic nanoparticles and may find important implications for the development of potential applications in optoelectronics, optical imaging and chemo-bio-sensing and, in general, in the field of optical materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hendel
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Victor Krivenkov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 31 Kashirskoe shosse, 115409 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ana Sánchez-Iglesias
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marek Grzelczak
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain. and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Yury P Rakovich
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain. and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain and Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV-EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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12
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Herrera F, Owrutsky J. Molecular polaritons for controlling chemistry with quantum optics. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:100902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5136320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Herrera
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Ecuador 3493, Santiago, Chile and Millennium Institute for Research in Optics MIRO, Concepción, Chile
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13
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Pelton M, Storm SD, Leng H. Strong coupling of emitters to single plasmonic nanoparticles: exciton-induced transparency and Rabi splitting. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:14540-14552. [PMID: 31364684 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05044b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling between plasmons in metal nanoparticles and single excitons in molecules or semiconductor nanomaterials has recently attracted considerable experimental effort for potential applications in quantum-mechanical and classical optical information processing and for fundamental studies of light-matter interaction. Here, we review the theory behind strong plasmon-exciton coupling and provide analytical expressions that can be used for fitting experimental data, particularly the commonly measured scattering spectra. We re-analyze published data using these expressions, providing a uniform method for evaluating and quantifying claims of strong coupling that avoids ambiguities in distinguishing between Rabi splitting and exciton-induced transparency (or Fano-like interference between plasmons and excitons).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Pelton
- Department of Physics, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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14
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Li H, Qin M, Ren Y, Hu J. Angle-independent strong coupling between plasmonic magnetic resonances and excitons in monolayer WS 2. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:22951-22959. [PMID: 31510579 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.022951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The room-temperature strong coupling between plasmonic magnetic resonances (MRs) of metal gratings and excitons in monolayer WS2 is intensively investigated. Both numerical simulations and theoretical calculations indicate that the strong coupling between MRs and excitons enables the remarkable spectral splitting. The typical anticrossing behavior with the Rabi splitting up to 86.5 meV is realized on the color-coded absorption spectra by changing the nanogroove depth, width, and the refractive index of the dielectric filled into nanogrooves, respectively. Interestingly, such strong coupling can also be achieved by using WS2 ribbons instead of the monolayer and simultaneously is dynamically controlled by varying the interaction area. More importantly, the observed MR-exciton coupling is angle-independent. Our findings thus suggest a possible way toward enhancing light-matter interactions in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides and play significant roles in quantum and nonlinear nanophotonic devices at ambient conditions.
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15
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Kondorskiy AD, Lebedev VS. Spectral-band replication phenomenon in a single pair of hybrid metal-organic nanospheres and nanodisks caused by plexcitonic coupling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:11783-11799. [PMID: 31053019 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.011783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study an unusual effect of spectral-band replication in the optical spectra of dimers, consisting of spherical nanoparticles or nanodisks with a silver core and a J-aggregate shell of TDBC-dye. It consists in the emergence of a doubled number of plexcitonic spectral bands compared to the case of a plasmonic dimer and in narrow peaks associated with the resonances of the J-aggregate shell. The plexcitonic bands can be divided into two groups: the "original" bands, accurately reproducing plasmonic peaks, and their "replicas," with a specific mutual arrangement and intensity distributions. The effect is interpreted using the multi-state effective Hamiltonian model describing a strong coupling between the quasi-degenerate Frenkel excitonic modes in the organic shells and multiple plasmonic modes in the pair of Ag-cores. We quantitatively explain some available experimental data on the optical properties of nanodisks and suggest a way for the observation of the replication effect. Our results extend the understanding of the nature of plexcitonic coupling to more complex systems compared to individual metal/J-aggregate nanoparticles.
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16
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Stührenberg M, Munkhbat B, Baranov DG, Cuadra J, Yankovich AB, Antosiewicz TJ, Olsson E, Shegai T. Strong Light-Matter Coupling between Plasmons in Individual Gold Bi-pyramids and Excitons in Mono- and Multilayer WSe 2. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5938-5945. [PMID: 30081635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted a lot of research attention recently, motivated by their remarkable optical properties and potential for strong light-matter interactions. Realization of strong plasmon-exciton coupling is especially desirable in this context because it holds promise for the enabling of room-temperature quantum and nonlinear optical applications. These efforts naturally require investigations at a single-nanoantenna level, which, in turn, should possess a compact optical mode interacting with a small amount of excitonic material. However, standard plasmonic nanoantenna designs such as nanoparticle dimers or particle-on-film suffer from misalignment of the local electric field in the gap with the in-plane transition dipole moment of monolayer TMDCs. Here, we circumvent this problem by utilizing gold bi-pyramids (BPs) as very efficient plasmonic nanoantennas. We demonstrate strong coupling between individual BPs and tungsten diselenide (WSe2) monolayers at room temperature. We further study the coupling between multilayers of WSe2 and BPs to elucidate the effect of the number of layers on the coupling strength. Importantly, BPs adopt a reduced-symmetry configuration when deposited on WSe2, such that only one sharp antenna tip efficiently interacts with excitons. Despite the small interaction area, we manage to achieve strong coupling, with Rabi splitting exceeding ∼100 meV. Our results suggest a feasible way toward realizing plasmon-exciton polaritons involving nanoscopic areas of TMDCs, thus pointing toward quantum and nonlinear optics applications at ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stührenberg
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Battulga Munkhbat
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Denis G Baranov
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Jorge Cuadra
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Andrew B Yankovich
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Tomasz J Antosiewicz
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
- Faculty of Physics , University of Warsaw , Pasteura 5 , 02-093 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Eva Olsson
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Timur Shegai
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
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17
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Ribeiro RF, Martínez-Martínez LA, Du M, Campos-Gonzalez-Angulo J, Yuen-Zhou J. Polariton chemistry: controlling molecular dynamics with optical cavities. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6325-6339. [PMID: 30310561 PMCID: PMC6115696 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular polaritons are the optical excitations which emerge when molecular transitions interact strongly with confined electromagnetic fields. Increasing interest in the hybrid molecular-photonic materials that host these excitations stems from recent observations of their novel and tunable chemistry. Some of the remarkable functionalities exhibited by polaritons include the ability to induce long-range excitation energy transfer, enhance charge conductivity, and inhibit or accelerate chemical reactions. In this review, we explain the effective theories of molecular polaritons which form a basis for the interpretation and guidance of experiments at the strong coupling limit. The theoretical discussion is illustrated with the analysis of innovative applications of strongly coupled molecular-photonic systems to chemical phenomena of fundamental importance to future technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael F Ribeiro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , USA .
| | - Luis A Martínez-Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , USA .
| | - Matthew Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , USA .
| | - Jorge Campos-Gonzalez-Angulo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , USA .
| | - Joel Yuen-Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , USA .
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Munkhbat B, Wersäll M, Baranov DG, Antosiewicz TJ, Shegai T. Suppression of photo-oxidation of organic chromophores by strong coupling to plasmonic nanoantennas. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaas9552. [PMID: 29984306 PMCID: PMC6035039 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aas9552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Intermixed light-matter quasi-particles-polaritons-have unique optical properties owing to their compositional nature. These intriguing hybrid states have been extensively studied over the past decades in a wide range of realizations aiming at both basic science and emerging applications. However, recently, it has been demonstrated that not only optical but also material-related properties, such as chemical reactivity and charge transport, may be significantly altered in the strong coupling regime of light-matter interactions. We show that a nanoscale system, composed of a plasmonic nanoprism strongly coupled to excitons in a J-aggregated form of organic chromophores, experiences modified excited-state dynamics and, therefore, modified photochemical reactivity. Our experimental results reveal that photobleaching, one of the most fundamental photochemical reactions, can be effectively controlled and suppressed by the degree of plasmon-exciton coupling and detuning. In particular, we observe a 100-fold stabilization of organic dyes for the red-detuned nanoparticles. Our findings contribute to understanding of photochemical properties in the strong coupling regime and may find important implications for the performance and improved stability of optical devices incorporating organic dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Battulga Munkhbat
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Martin Wersäll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Denis G. Baranov
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tomasz J. Antosiewicz
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Timur Shegai
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Corresponding author.
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19
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Thomas R, Thomas A, Pullanchery S, Joseph L, Somasundaran SM, Swathi RS, Gray SK, Thomas KG. Plexcitons: The Role of Oscillator Strengths and Spectral Widths in Determining Strong Coupling. ACS NANO 2018; 12:402-415. [PMID: 29261287 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling interactions between plasmon and exciton-based excitations have been proposed to be useful in the design of optoelectronic systems. However, the role of various optical parameters dictating the plasmon-exciton (plexciton) interactions is less understood. Herein, we propose an inequality for achieving strong coupling between plasmons and excitons through appropriate variation of their oscillator strengths and spectral widths. These aspects are found to be consistent with experiments on two sets of free-standing plexcitonic systems obtained by (i) linking fluorescein isothiocyanate on Ag nanoparticles of varying sizes through silane coupling and (ii) electrostatic binding of cyanine dyes on polystyrenesulfonate-coated Au nanorods of varying aspect ratios. Being covalently linked on Ag nanoparticles, fluorescein isothiocyanate remains in monomeric state, and its high oscillator strength and narrow spectral width enable us to approach the strong coupling limit. In contrast, in the presence of polystyrenesulfonate, monomeric forms of cyanine dyes exist in equilibrium with their aggregates: Coupling is not observed for monomers and H-aggregates whose optical parameters are unfavorable. The large aggregation number, narrow spectral width, and extremely high oscillator strength of J-aggregates of cyanines permit effective delocalization of excitons along the linear assembly of chromophores, which in turn leads to efficient coupling with the plasmons. Further, the results obtained from experiments and theoretical models are jointly employed to describe the plexcitonic states, estimate the coupling strengths, and rationalize the dispersion curves. The experimental results and the theoretical analysis presented here portray a way forward to the rational design of plexcitonic systems attaining the strong coupling limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Thomas
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Anoop Thomas
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Saranya Pullanchery
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Linta Joseph
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Sanoop Mambully Somasundaran
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Rotti Srinivasamurthy Swathi
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Stephen K Gray
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - K George Thomas
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
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20
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Bricks JL, Slominskii YL, Panas ID, Demchenko AP. Fluorescent J-aggregates of cyanine dyes: basic research and applications review. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2017; 6:012001. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aa8d0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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21
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Tang Y, Yu X, Pan H, Chen J, Audit B, Argoul F, Zhang S, Xu J. Numerical Study of Novel Ratiometric Sensors Based on Plasmon-Exciton Coupling. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:2377-2384. [PMID: 28509571 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817706979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We numerically studied the optical properties of spherical nanostructures made of an emitter core coated by a silver shell through the generalized Mie theory. When there is a strong coupling between the localized surface plasmon in the metallic shell and the emitter exciton in the core, the extinction spectra exhibit two peaks. Upon adsorption of analytes on these core-shell nanostructures, the intensities of the two peaks change with opposite trends. This property makes them potential sensitive ratiometric sensors. Molecule adsorption on these nanostructures can be quantified through a very simple optical configuration likely resulting in a much faster acquisition time compared with systems based on the traditional metal nanoparticle surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Tang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiantong Yu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Pan
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Benjamin Audit
- 2 Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, Lyon, France
| | | | - Sanjun Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- 3 NYU-ECNU Institute of Physics at NYU Shanghai, 3663 Zhongshan Road North, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Achieving and controlling strong light-matter interactions in many-body systems is of paramount importance both for fundamental understanding and potential applications. In this paper we demonstrate both experimentally and theoretically how to manipulate strong coupling between the Bragg-plasmon mode supported by an organo-metallic array and molecular excitons in the form of J-aggregates dispersed on the hybrid structure. We observe experimentally the transition from a conventional strong coupling regime exhibiting the usual upper and lower polaritonic branches to a more complex regime, where a third nondispersive mode is seen, as the concentration of J-aggregates is increased. The numerical simulations confirm the presence of the third resonance. We attribute its physical nature to collective molecule-molecule interactions leading to a collective electromagnetic response. A simple analytical model is proposed to explain the physics of the third mode. The nonlinear dependence on molecular parameters followed from the model are confirmed in a set of rigorous numerical studies. It is shown that at the energy of the collective mode molecules oscillate completely out of phase with the incident radiation acting as an effictive thin metal layer.
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Wersäll M, Cuadra J, Antosiewicz TJ, Balci S, Shegai T. Observation of Mode Splitting in Photoluminescence of Individual Plasmonic Nanoparticles Strongly Coupled to Molecular Excitons. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:551-558. [PMID: 28005384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon-exciton interactions are important for many prominent spectroscopic applications such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering, plasmon-mediated fluorescence, nanoscale lasing, and strong coupling. The case of strong coupling is analogous to quantum optical effects studied in solid state and atomic systems previously. In plasmonics, similar observations have been almost exclusively made in elastic scattering experiments; however, the interpretation of these experiments is often cumbersome. Here, we demonstrate mode splitting not only in scattering, but also in photoluminescence of individual hybrid nanosystems, which manifests a direct proof of strong coupling in plasmon-exciton nanoparticles. We achieved these results due to saturation of the mode volume with molecular J-aggregates, which resulted in splitting up to 400 meV, that is, ∼20% of the resonance energy. We analyzed the correlation between scattering and photoluminescence and found that splitting in photoluminescence is considerably less than that in scattering. Moreover, we found that splitting in both photoluminescence and scattering signals increased upon cooling to cryogenic temperatures. These findings improve our understanding of strong coupling phenomena in plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wersäll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jorge Cuadra
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tomasz J Antosiewicz
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw , Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sinan Balci
- Department of Astronautical Engineering, University of Turkish Aeronautical Association , 06790 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Timur Shegai
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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24
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Das K, Hazra B, Chandra M. Exploring the coherent interaction in a hybrid system of hollow gold nanoprisms and cyanine dye J-aggregates: role of plasmon-hybridization mediated local electric-field enhancement. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:27997-28005. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05455f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we probed the possibility of observing strong plasmon–exciton interactions in hollow gold nanoprism–J-aggregate nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalika Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
- Kanpur
- India
| | - Bidhan Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
- Kanpur
- India
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25
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Roller EM, Argyropoulos C, Högele A, Liedl T, Pilo-Pais M. Plasmon-Exciton Coupling Using DNA Templates. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:5962-6. [PMID: 27531635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Coherent energy exchange between plasmons and excitons is a phenomenon that arises in the strong coupling regime resulting in distinct hybrid states. The DNA-origami technique provides an ideal framework to custom-tune plasmon-exciton nanostructures. By employing this well controlled self-assembly process, we realized hybrid states by precisely positioning metallic nanoparticles in a defined spatial arrangement with fixed nanometer-sized interparticle spacing. Varying the nanoparticle diameter between 30 nm and 60 nm while keeping their separation distance constant allowed us to precisely adjust the plasmon resonance of the structure to accurately match the energy frequency of a J-aggregate exciton. With this system we obtained strong plasmon-exciton coupling and studied far-field scattering at the single-structure level. The individual structures displayed normal mode splitting up to 170 meV. The plasmon tunability and the strong field confinement attained with nanodimers on DNA-origami renders an ideal tool to bottom-up assembly plasmon-exciton systems operating at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Roller
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München , Geschwister-Scholl- Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Christos Argyropoulos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Alexander Högele
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München , Geschwister-Scholl- Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Liedl
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München , Geschwister-Scholl- Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Mauricio Pilo-Pais
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München , Geschwister-Scholl- Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
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26
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Zhou N, Yuan M, Gao Y, Li D, Yang D. Silver Nanoshell Plasmonically Controlled Emission of Semiconductor Quantum Dots in the Strong Coupling Regime. ACS NANO 2016; 10:4154-4163. [PMID: 26972554 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling between semiconductor excitons and localized surface plasmons (LSPs) giving rise to hybridized plexciton states in which energy is coherently and reversibly exchanged between the components is vital, especially in the area of quantum information processing from fundamental and practical points of view. Here, in photoluminescence spectra, rather than from common extinction or reflection measurements, we report on the direct observation of Rabi splitting of approximately 160 meV as an indication of strong coupling between excited states of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) and LSP modes of silver nanoshells under nonresonant nanosecond pulsed laser excitation at room temperature. The strong coupling manifests itself as an anticrossing-like behavior of the two newly formed polaritons when tuning the silver nanoshell plasmon energies across the exciton line of the QDs. Further analysis substantiates the essentiality of high pump energy and collective strong coupling of many QDs with the radiative dipole mode of the metallic nanoparticles for the realization of strong coupling. Our finding opens up interesting directions for the investigation of strong coupling between LSPs and excitons from the perspective of radiative recombination under easily accessible experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
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27
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Balci S, Balci O, Kakenov N, Atar FB, Kocabas C. Dynamic tuning of plasmon resonance in the visible using graphene. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:1241-4. [PMID: 26977679 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.001241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report active electrical tuning of plasmon resonance of silver nanoprisms (Ag NPs) in the visible spectrum. Ag NPs are placed in close proximity to graphene which leads to additional tunable loss for the plasmon resonance. The ionic gating of graphene modifies its Fermi level from 0.2 to 1 eV, which then affects the absorption of graphene due to Pauli blocking. Plasmon resonance frequency and linewidth of Ag NPs can be reversibly shifted by 20 and 35 meV, respectively. The coupled graphene-Ag NPs system can be classically described by a damped harmonic oscillator model. Atomic layer deposition allows for controlling the graphene-Ag NP separation with atomic-level precision to optimize coupling between them.
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28
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Melnikau D, Esteban R, Savateeva D, Sánchez-Iglesias A, Grzelczak M, Schmidt MK, Liz-Marzán LM, Aizpurua J, Rakovich YP. Rabi Splitting in Photoluminescence Spectra of Hybrid Systems of Gold Nanorods and J-Aggregates. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:354-362. [PMID: 26726134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally and theoretically investigate the interactions between localized plasmons in gold nanorods and excitons in J-aggregates under ambient conditions. Thanks to our sample preparation procedure we are able to track a clear anticrossing behavior of the hybridized modes not only in the extinction but also in the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of this hybrid system. Notably, while previous studies often found the PL signal to be dominated by a single mode (emission from so-called lower polariton branch), here we follow the evolution of the two PL peaks as the plasmon energy is detuned from the excitonic resonance. Both the extinction and PL results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions obtained for a model that assumes two interacting modes with a ratio between the coupling strength and the plasmonic losses close to 0.4, indicative of the strong coupling regime with a significant Rabi splitting estimated to be ∼200 meV. The evolution of the PL line shape as the plasmon is detuned depends on the illumination wavelength, which we attribute to an incoherent excitation given by decay processes in either the metallic rods or the J-aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzmitry Melnikau
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Ruben Esteban
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Diana Savateeva
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | | | - Marek Grzelczak
- CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramon 182, Donostia-San Sebastián 20009, Spain
| | - Mikolaj K Schmidt
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramon 182, Donostia-San Sebastián 20009, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Maria Diaz de Haro 3, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Javier Aizpurua
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Yury P Rakovich
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Maria Diaz de Haro 3, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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29
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Balci S, Kocabas C. Ultra hybrid plasmonics: strong coupling of plexcitons with plasmon polaritons. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:3424-3427. [PMID: 26176485 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.003424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a ternary-coupled plasmonic system consisting of excitons of J-aggregated dye, localized surface plasmon polaritons of Ag nanoparticles, and propagating surface plasmon polaritons of continuous Ag film. J-aggregate dyes are uniformly self-assembled on colloidally synthesized Ag nanoprisms forming plexcitonic nanoparticles, which are placed at a distance nanometers away from the Ag thin film. The reflection measurements, corroborated by theoretical predictions, reveal that the strong coupling of plasmon polaritons and plexcitons results in a newly formed plasmon-exciton-plasmon hybridized state that we call here, reportedly for the first time, a plexcimon state. The hybrid plasmonic system shows dispersion characteristics similar to a coupled resonator optical waveguide. The group velocity of the plexcimon state approaches zero at the band edges. The ultrahybrid plasmonic system presented here is promising for a variety of light-matter interaction studies, including polariton lasers, plasmonic devices, plasmonic waveguiding, and spectroscopy.
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30
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Balci S, Karademir E, Kocabas C. Strong coupling between localized and propagating plasmon polaritons. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:3177-3180. [PMID: 26125396 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.003177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate plasmon-plasmon (PP) coupling in the strongly interacting regimes by using a tunable plasmonic platform consisting of triangular Ag nanoprisms placed nanometers away from Ag thin films. The nanoprisms are colloidally synthesized using a seed-mediated growth method and having size-tunable localized surface plasmon polariton (SPP) resonances immobilized on Si(3)N(4) films. The PP coupling between the localized SPPs of metal nanoprisms and the propagating SPPs of the metal film is controlled by the nanoprism concentration and the plasmon damping in the metal film. Results reveal that Rabi splitting energy determining the strength of the coupling can reach up to several hundreds meV, thus demonstrating the ultrastrong coupling occurring between localized and propagating SPPs. The metal nanoparticle-metal thin film hybrid system over the square-centimeter areas presented here provides a unique configuration to study PP coupling all the way from the weak to ultrastrong coupling regimes in a broad range of wavelengths.
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31
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Zhang YF, Yang DJ, Wang JH, Wang YL, Ding SJ, Zhou L, Hao ZH, Wang QQ. Multiple hybridized resonances of IR-806 chromonic molecules strongly coupled to Au nanorods. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:8503-8509. [PMID: 25896476 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00051c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling of plasmons and molecules generates intriguingly hybridized resonance. The IR-806 molecule is a near-infrared cyanine liquid crystal dye with multiple molecular bands and its tunable absorption spectrum varies dramatically with concentration. In this article, we investigate multiple hybridized resonances of the Au nanorods (AuNRs) strongly coupled to IR-806 molecules. Five hybridized resonance peaks are observed in the extinction spectra of the AuNR@IR-806 hybrids. Two resonance peaks at approximately 840 and 912 nm in the hybrids are reported for the first time. The dependence of the multiple hybridized peaks on the bare plasmon resonance wavelength of AuNRs and the molecular concentration is also demonstrated. The observations presented herein provide a plasmon-molecule coupling route for tuning optical responses of liquid crystal molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of the Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China.
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32
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Zengin G, Wersäll M, Nilsson S, Antosiewicz TJ, Käll M, Shegai T. Realizing Strong Light-Matter Interactions between Single-Nanoparticle Plasmons and Molecular Excitons at Ambient Conditions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:157401. [PMID: 25933338 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.157401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Realizing strong light-matter interactions between individual two-level systems and resonating cavities in atomic and solid state systems opens up possibilities to study optical nonlinearities on a single-photon level, which can be useful for future quantum information processing networks. However, these efforts have been hampered by unfavorable experimental conditions, such as cryogenic temperatures and ultrahigh vacuum, required to study such systems and phenomena. Although several attempts to realize strong light-matter interactions at room temperature using plasmon resonances have been made, successful realizations on the single-nanoparticle level are still lacking. Here, we demonstrate the strong coupling between plasmons confined within a single silver nanoprism and excitons in molecular J aggregates at ambient conditions. Our findings show that deep subwavelength mode volumes V together with quality factors Q that are reasonably high for plasmonic nanostructures result in a strong-coupling figure of merit-Q/sqrt[V] as high as ∼6×10^{3} μm^{-3/2}, a value comparable to state-of-the-art photonic crystal and microring resonator cavities. This suggests that plasmonic nanocavities, and specifically silver nanoprisms, can be used for room temperature quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülis Zengin
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Martin Wersäll
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sara Nilsson
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tomasz J Antosiewicz
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Timur Shegai
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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33
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DeLacy BG, Miller OD, Hsu CW, Zander Z, Lacey S, Yagloski R, Fountain AW, Valdes E, Anquillare E, Soljačić M, Johnson SG, Joannopoulos JD. Coherent plasmon-exciton coupling in silver platelet-J-aggregate nanocomposites. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:2588-2593. [PMID: 25723653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid nanostructures that couple plasmon and exciton resonances generate hybridized energy states, called plexcitons, which may result in unusual light-matter interactions. We report the formation of a transparency dip in the visible spectra of colloidal suspensions containing silver nanoplatelets and a cyanine dye, 1,1'-diethyl-2,2'-cyanine iodide (PIC). PIC was electrostatically adsorbed onto the surface of silver nanoplatelet core particles, forming an outer J-aggregate shell. This core-shell architecture provided a framework for coupling the plasmon resonance of the silver nanoplatelet core with the exciton resonance of the J-aggregate shell. The sizes and aspect ratios of the silver nanoplatelets were controlled to ensure the overlap of the plasmon and exciton resonances. As a measure of the plasmon-exciton coupling strength in the system, the experimentally observed transparency dips correspond to a Rabi splitting energy of 207 meV, among the highest reported for colloidal nanoparticles. The optical properties of the silver platelet-J-aggregate nanocomposites were supported numerically and analytically by the boundary-element method and temporal coupled-mode theory, respectively. Our theoretical predictions and experimental results confirm the presence of a transparency dip for the silver nanoplatelet core J-aggregate shell structures. Additionally, the numerical and analytical calculations indicate that the observed transparencies are dominated by the coupling of absorptive resonances, as opposed to the coupling of scattering resonances. Hence, we describe the suppressed extinction in this study as an induced transparency rather than a Fano resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan G DeLacy
- †U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | | | - Chia Wei Hsu
- ∥Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Zachary Zander
- †U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Steven Lacey
- †U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Raymond Yagloski
- †U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Augustus W Fountain
- †U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Erica Valdes
- †U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
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Balci S, Karademir E, Kocabas C, Aydinli A. Absorption enhancement of molecules in the weak plasmon-exciton coupling regime. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:4994-4997. [PMID: 25166057 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.004994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental and theoretical investigations of enhancing the optical absorption of organic molecules in the weak plasmon-exciton coupling regime. A metal-organic hybrid structure consisting of dye molecules embedded in the polymer matrix is placed in close vicinity to thin metal films. We have observed a transition from a weak coupling regime to a strong coupling one as the thickness of the metal layer increases. The results indicate that absorption of the self-assembled J-aggregate nanostructures can be increased in the weak plasmon-exciton coupling regime and strongly quenched in the strong coupling regime. A theoretical model based on the transfer-matrix method qualitatively confirms the experimental results obtained from polarization-dependent spectroscopic reflection measurements.
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