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Unal S, Mayda M, Nyman JS, Unal M. Optimizing number of Raman spectra using an artificial neural network guided Monte Carlo simulation approach to analyze human cortical bone. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 325:125035. [PMID: 39217957 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.125035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a novel methodology for optimizing the number of Raman spectra required per sample for human bone compositional analysis. The methodology integrates Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). We demonstrate the robustness of ANN in enabling prediction of Raman spectroscopy-based bone quality properties even with limited spectral inputs. The ANN algorithms tailored to individual sex and age groups, which enhance the specificity and accuracy of predictions in bone quality properties. In addition, ANN guided MCS systematically explores the variability and uncertainty inherent in different sample sizes and spectral datasets, leading to the identification of an optimal number of spectra per sample for characterizing human bone tissues. The findings suggest that as low as 2 spectra are sufficient for biochemical analysis of bone, with R2 values between real and predicted values of v1/PO4/Amide I and ∼I1670/I1640 ratios, ranging from 0.60 to 0.89. Our results also suggest that up to 8 spectra could be optimal when balancing other factors. This optimized approach streamlines experimental workflows, reduces data and acquisition costs. Additionally, our study highlights the potential for advancing Raman spectroscopy in bone research through the innovative integration of ANN-guided probabilistic modeling techniques. This research could significantly contribute to the broader landscape of bone quality analyses by establishing a precedent for optimizing the number of Raman spectra with sophisticated computational tools. It also sets a novel platform for future optimization studies in Raman spectroscopy applications in biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Unal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman 70200, Turkey
| | - Murat Mayda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman 70200, Turkey
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave. S., Suite 4200, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, 1310 24(th) Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Mustafa Unal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman 70200, Turkey; Department of Bioengineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman 70200, Turkey; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman 70200, Turkey; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 020115, USA; The Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, BIDMC, Boston, MA 020115, USA.
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Weng PW, Liu CH, Jheng PR, Chiang CC, Chen YT, Rethi L, Hsieh YSY, Chuang AEY. Spermatozoon-propelled microcellular submarines combining innate magnetic hyperthermia with derived nanotherapies for thrombolysis and ischemia mitigation. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:470. [PMID: 39118029 PMCID: PMC11308583 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Thrombotic cardiovascular diseases are a prevalent factor contributing to both physical impairment and mortality. Thrombolysis and ischemic mitigation have emerged as leading contemporary therapeutic approaches for addressing the consequences of ischemic injury and reperfusion damage. Herein, an innovative cellular-cloaked spermatozoon-driven microcellular submarine (SPCS), comprised of multimodal motifs, was designed to integrate nano-assembly thrombolytics with an immunomodulatory ability derived from innate magnetic hyperthermia. Rheotaxis-based navigation was utilized to home to and cross the clot barrier, and finally accumulate in ischemic vascular organs, where the thrombolytic motif was "switched-on" by the action of thrombus magnetic red blood cell-driven magnetic hyperthermia. In a murine model, the SPCS system combining innate magnetic hyperthermia demonstrated the capacity to augment delivery efficacy, produce nanotherapeutic outcomes, exhibit potent thrombolytic activity, and ameliorate ischemic tissue damage. These findings underscore the multifaceted potential of our designed approach, offering both thrombolytic and ischemia-mitigating effects. Given its extended therapeutic effects and thrombus-targeting capability, this biocompatible SPCS system holds promise as an innovative therapeutic agent for enhancing efficacy and preventing risks after managing thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wei Weng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Liu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ru Jheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Che Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Lekshmi Rethi
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Yves S Y Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Alba Nova University Centre, Stockholm, SE106 91, Sweden
| | - Andrew E-Y Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, 11696, Taiwan.
- Precision Medicine and Translational Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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Zheng D, Guo J, Liang Z, Jin Y, Ding Y, Liu J, Qi C, Shi K, Xie L, Zhu M, Wang L, Hu Z, Yang Z, Liu Q, Li X, Ning W, Gao J. Supramolecular Nanofibers Ameliorate Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Restoring Autophagy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401327. [PMID: 38725147 PMCID: PMC11267363 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and ultimately fatal interstitial lung disease, with limited therapeutic options available. Impaired autophagy resulting from aberrant TRB3/p62 protein-protein interactions (PPIs) contributes to the progression of IPF. Restoration of autophagy by modulating the TRB3/p62 PPIs has rarely been reported for the treatment of IPF. Herein, peptide nanofibers are developed that specifically bind to TRB3 protein and explored their potential as a therapeutic approach for IPF. By conjugating with the self-assembling fragment (Ac-GFFY), a TRB3-binding peptide motif A2 allows for the formation of nanofibers with a stable α-helix secondary structure. The resulting peptide (Ac-GFFY-A2) nanofibers exhibit specific high-affinity binding to TRB3 protein in saline buffer and better capacity of cellular uptake to A2 peptide. Furthermore, the TRB3-targeting peptide nanofibers efficiently interfere with the aberrant TRB3/p62 PPIs in activated fibroblasts and fibrotic lung tissue of mice, thereby restoring autophagy dysfunction. The TRB3-targeting peptide nanofibers inhibit myofibroblast differentiation, collagen production, and fibroblast migration in vitro is demonstrated, as well as bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. This study provides a supramolecular method to modulate PPIs and highlights a promising strategy for treating IPF diseases by restoring autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debin Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Disaster MedicineMedical Innovation Research Division of the Chinese PLA General HospitalNo. 28 Fu Xing RoadBeijing100853P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Jiasen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Yueyue Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Yinghao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Jingfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Chao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Kaiwen Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Disaster MedicineMedical Innovation Research Division of the Chinese PLA General HospitalNo. 28 Fu Xing RoadBeijing100853P. R. China
| | - Limin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Meiqi Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Disaster MedicineMedical Innovation Research Division of the Chinese PLA General HospitalNo. 28 Fu Xing RoadBeijing100853P. R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Zhimou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of UrologyTianjin First Central HospitalTianjin300192P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Disaster MedicineMedical Innovation Research Division of the Chinese PLA General HospitalNo. 28 Fu Xing RoadBeijing100853P. R. China
| | - Wen Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesNankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN)Nankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
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Couoh LR, Bucio L, Ruvalcaba JL, Manoel B, Tang T, Gourrier A, Grandfield K. Tooth acellular extrinsic fibre cementum incremental lines in humans are formed by parallel branched Sharpey's fibres and not by its mineral phase. J Struct Biol 2024; 216:108084. [PMID: 38479547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2024.108084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
In humans, the growth pattern of the acellular extrinsic fibre cementum (AEFC) has been useful to estimate the age-at-death. However, the structural organization behind such a pattern remains poorly understood. In this study tooth cementum from seven individuals from a Mexican modern skeletal series were analyzed with the aim of unveiling the AEFC collagenous and mineral structure using multimodal imaging approaches. The organization of collagen fibres was first determined using: light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron tomography, and plasma FIB scanning electron microscopy (PFIB-SEM) tomography. The mineral properties were then investigated using: synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for T-parameter (correlation length between mineral particles); synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) for L-parameter (mineral crystalline domain size estimation), alignment parameter (crystals preferred orientation) and lattice parameters a and c; as well as synchrotron X-ray fluorescence for spatial distribution of calcium, phosphorus and zinc. Results show that Sharpey's fibres branched out fibres that cover and uncover other collagen bundles forming aligned arched structures that are joined by these same fibres but in a parallel fashion. The parallel fibres are not set as a continuum on the same plane and when they are superimposed project the AEFC incremental lines due to the collagen birefringence. The orientation of the apatite crystallites is subject to the arrangement of the collagen fibres, and the obtained parameter values along with the elemental distribution maps, revealed this mineral tissue as relatively homogeneous. Therefore, no intrinsic characteristics of the mineral phase could be associated with the alternating AEFC incremental pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes R Couoh
- Dirección de Antropología Física, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Paseo de la Reforma y Gandhi, Chapultepec Polanco 11560, CDMX, México.
| | - Lauro Bucio
- Laboratorio de Cristalofísica y Materiales Naturales, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, CDMX, México
| | - José Luis Ruvalcaba
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias para la Investigación y Conservación del Patrimonio Cultural, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, CDMX, México
| | - Britta Manoel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs 38000, Grenoble, France; Bruker AXS Advanced X-ray Solutions GmbH, Östliche Rheinbrückenstraße 49 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tengteng Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada
| | | | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada.
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5
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Szabo E, Bensusan J, Akkus O, Rimnac C. Immature porcine cortical bone mechanical properties and composition change with maturation and displacement rate. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 153:106487. [PMID: 38490048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Computational models of mature bone have been used to predict fracture; however, analogous study of immature diaphyseal fracture has not been conducted due to sparse experimental mechanical data. A model of immature bone fracture may be used to aid in the differentiation of accidental and non-accidental trauma fractures in young, newly ambulatory children (0-3 years). The objective of this study was to characterize the evolution of tissue-level mechanical behavior, composition, and microstructure of maturing cortical porcine bone with uniaxial tension, Raman spectroscopy, and light microscopy as a function of maturation. We asked: 1) How do the monotonic uniaxial tensile properties change with maturation and displacement rate; 2) How does the composition and microstructure change with maturation; and 3) Is there a correlation between composition and tensile properties with maturation? Elastic modulus (p < 0.001), fracture stress (p < 0.001), and energy absorption (p < 0.014) increased as a function of maturation at the quasistatic rate by 110%, 86%, and 96%, respectively. Fracture stress also increased by 90% with maturation at the faster rate (p = 0.001). Fracture stress increased as a function of increasing displacement rate by 28% (newborn p = 0.048; 1-month p = 0.004; 3-month p= < 0.001), and fracture strain decreased by 68% with increasing displacement rate (newborn p = 0.002; 1-month p = 0.036; 3-month p < 0.001). Carbonate-to-phosphate ratio was positively linearly related to elastic modulus, and fracture stress was positively related to carbonate-to-phosphate ratio and matrix maturation ratio. The results of this study support that immature bone is strain-rate dependent and becomes more brittle at faster rates, contributing to the foundation upon which a computational model can be built to evaluate immature bone fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Szabo
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2123 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jay Bensusan
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2123 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ozan Akkus
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2123 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Clare Rimnac
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2123 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Gamsjaeger S, Rauch F, Glorieux FH, Paschalis EP. Cortical bone material / compositional properties in growing children and young adults aged 1.5-23 years, as a function of gender, age, metabolic activity, and growth spurt. Bone 2022; 165:116548. [PMID: 36122648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bone material / compositional properties are significant determinants of bone quality, thus strength. Raman spectroscopic analysis provides information on the quantity and quality of all three bone tissue components (mineral, organic matrix, and tissue water). The overwhelming majority of the published reports on the subject concern adults. We have previously reported on these properties in growing children and young adults, in the cancellous compartment. The purpose of the present study was to create normative reference data of bone material / compositional properties for children and young adults, in the cortical compartment. We performed Raman (Senterra (Bruker Optik GmbH), 50× objective, with an excitation of 785 nm (100 mW) and a lateral resolution of ~0.6 μm) microspectroscopic analysis of transiliac bone samples from 54 individuals between 1.5 and 23 years of age, with no known metabolic bone disease, and which have been previously used to establish histomorphometric, bone mineralization density distribution, and cancellous bone quality reference values. The bone quality indices that were determined were: mineral/matrix ratio (MM) from the integrated areas of the v2PO4 (410-460 cm-1) and the amide III (1215-1300 cm-1) bands, tissue water in nanopores approximated by the ratio of the integrated spectral area ~ 494-509 cm-1 to Amide III band, the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content (ratio of integrated area 1365-1390 cm-1 to the Amide III band, the sulfated proteoglycan (sPG) content as the ratio of the integrated peaks ~1062 cm-1 and 1365-1390 cm-1, the pyridinoline (Pyd) content estimated from the ratio of the absorbance height at 1660 cm-1 / area of the amide I (1620-1700 cm-1) band, and the mineral maturity / crystallinity (MMC) estimated from the inverse of the full width at half height of the v1PO4 (930-980 cm-1) band. Analyses were performed at the three distinct cortical surfaces (endosteal, osteonal, periosteal) at specific anatomical microlocations, namely the osteoid, and the three precisely known tissue ages based on the presence of fluorescence double labels. Measurements were also taken in interstitial bone, a much older tissue that has undergone extensive secondary mineralization. Overall, significant dependencies of the measured parameters on tissue age were observed, while at any given tissue age, sex and subject age were minimal confounders. The established Raman database in the cortical compartments complements the previously published one in cancellous bone, and provides healthy baseline bone quality indices that may serve as a valuable tool to identify alterations due to pediatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gamsjaeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - F Rauch
- Shriners Hospitals for Children and McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - F H Glorieux
- Shriners Hospitals for Children and McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - E P Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria.
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Zhong W, Wang X, Yang L, Wang Y, Xiao Q, Yu S, Cannon RD, Bai Y, Zhang C, Chen D, Ji P, Gao X, Song J. Nanocarrier-Assisted Delivery of Metformin Boosts Remodeling of Diabetic Periodontal Tissue via Cellular Exocytosis-Mediated Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Homeostasis. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19096-19113. [PMID: 36259964 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction is a potential contributor to the impaired repair capacity of periodontal tissue in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Restoring ER homeostasis is thus critical for successful regenerative therapy of diabetic periodontal tissue. Recent studies have shown that metformin can modulate DM-induced ER dysfunction, yet its mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we show that high glucose elevates the intracellular miR-129-3p level due to exocytosis-mediated release failure and subsequently perturbs ER calcium homeostasis via downregulating transmembrane and coiled-coil domain 1 (TMCO1), an ER Ca2+ leak channel, in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). This results in the degradation of RUNX2 via the ubiquitination-dependent pathway, in turn leading to impaired PDLSCs osteogenesis. Interestingly, metformin could upregulate P2X7R-mediated exosome release and decrease intracellular miR-129-3p accumulation, which restores ER homeostasis and thereby rescues the impaired PDLSCs. To further demonstrate the in vivo effect of metformin, a nanocarrier for sustained local delivery of metformin (Met@HALL) in periodontal tissue is developed. Our results demonstrate that compared to controls, Met@HALL with enhanced cytocompatibility and pro-osteogenic activity could boost the remodeling of diabetic periodontal tissue in rats. Collectively, our findings unravel a mechanism of metformin in restoring cellular ER homeostasis, enabling the development of a nanocarrier-mediated ER targeting strategy for remodeling diabetic periodontal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhong
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Lanxin Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Qingyue Xiao
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Simin Yu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Richard D Cannon
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Yan Bai
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chuangwei Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Duanjing Chen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Ping Ji
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
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8
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Jurašeková Z, Fabriciová G, Silveira LF, Lee YN, Gutak JM, Ataabadi MM, Kundrát M. Raman Spectra and Ancient Life: Vibrational ID Profiles of Fossilized (Bone) Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10689. [PMID: 36142598 PMCID: PMC9502200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Raman micro-spectroscopy is a non-destructive and non-contact analytical technique that combines microscopy and spectroscopy, thus providing a potential for non-invasive and in situ molecular identification, even over heterogeneous and rare samples such as fossilized tissues. Recently, chemical imaging techniques have become an increasingly popular tool for characterizing trace elements, isotopic information, and organic markers in fossils. Raman spectroscopy also shows a growing potential in understanding bone microstructure, chemical composition, and mineral assemblance affected by diagenetic processes. In our lab, we have investigated a wide range of different fossil tissues, mainly of Mesozoic vertebrates (from Jurassic through Cretaceous). Besides standard spectra of sedimentary rocks, including pigment contamination, our Raman spectra also exhibit interesting spectral features in the 1200-1800 cm-1 spectral range, where Raman bands of proteins, nucleic acids, and other organic molecules can be identified. In the present study, we discuss both a possible origin of the observed bands of ancient organic residues and difficulties with definition of the specific spectral markers in fossilized soft and hard tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Jurašeková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Gabriela Fabriciová
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Luis F. Silveira
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 42.494, São Paulo 04218-970, Brazil
| | - Yuong-Nam Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jaroslav M. Gutak
- Department of Geology, Geodesy, and Life Security, Institute of Mining and Geosystems, Siberian State Industrial University, Kirov Street 42, 654007 Novokuznetsk, Russia
| | - Majid Mirzaie Ataabadi
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 4537138791, Iran
| | - Martin Kundrát
- PaleoBioImaging Lab, Evolutionary Biodiversity Research Group, Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
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9
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Ahn T, Jueckstock M, Mandair GS, Henderson J, Sinder BP, Kozloff KM, Banaszak Holl MM. Matrix/mineral ratio and domain size variation with bone tissue age: A photothermal infrared study. J Struct Biol 2022; 214:107878. [PMID: 35781024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy-infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) and optical photothermal infrared spectroscopy (O-PTIR), which feature spectroscopic imaging spatial resolution down to ∼ 50 nm and ∼ 500 nm, respectively, were employed to characterize the nano- to microscale chemical compositional changes in bone. Since these changes are known to be age dependent, fluorescently labelled bone samples were employed. The average matrix/mineral ratio values decrease as the bone tissue matures as measured by both AFM-IR and O-PTIR, which agrees with previously published FTIR and Raman spectroscopy results. IR ratio maps obtained by AFM-IR reveal variation in matrix/mineral ratio-generating micron-scale bands running parallel to the bone surface as well as smaller domains within these bands ranging from ∼ 50 to 700 nm in size, which is consistent with the previously published length scale of nanomechanical heterogeneity. The matrix/mineral changes do not exhibit a smooth gradient with tissue age. Rather, the matrix/mineral transition occurs sharply within the length scale of 100-200 nm. O-PTIR also reveals matrix/mineral band domains running parallel to the bone surface, resulting in waves of matrix/mineral ratios progressing from the youngest to most mature tissue. Both AFM-IR and O-PTIR show a greater variation in matrix/mineral ratio value for younger tissue as compared to older tissue. Together, this data confirms O-PTIR and AFM-IR as techniques that visualize bulk spectroscopic data consistent with higher-order imaging techniques such as Raman and FTIR, while revealing novel insight into how mineralization patterns vary as bone tissue ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyong Ahn
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Max Jueckstock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - James Henderson
- Center for Statistical Consultation and Research (CSCAR), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Kenneth M Kozloff
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark M Banaszak Holl
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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10
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Chronological Age Estimation of Male Occipital Bone Based on FTIR and Raman Microspectroscopy. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:1729131. [PMID: 36065391 PMCID: PMC9440630 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1729131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in bone tissue have always been an important part of bone research, and age estimation is also of great significance in forensic work. In our study, FTIR and Raman microspectroscopy were combined to explore the structural and chronological age-related changes in the occipital bones of 40 male donors. The FTIR micro-ATR mode not only achieves the comparison of FTIR and Raman efficiency but also provides a new pattern for the joint detection of FTIR and Raman in hard tissue. Statistical analysis and PCA results revealed that the structure had little effect on the FTIR and Raman results. The FTIR and Raman mineral/matrix ratio, carbonate/phosphate ratio, crystallinity, and collagen maturity of the whole showed an increasing trend during maturation, and a significant correlation was found between FTIR and Raman by comparing four outcomes. Furthermore, the results indicated that the cutoff point of the change in the relative proportion of organic matrix and inorganic minerals in males was between 19 and 35 years old, and the changes in the relative proportion of organic matrix and inorganic minerals may play a key role in age estimation. Ultimately, we established age estimation regression models. The FTIR GA-PLS regression model has the best performance and is more suitable for our experiment (RMSECV = 10.405, RMSEP = 9.2654, R2CV = 0.814, and R2Pred = 0.828). Overall, FTIR and Raman combined with chemometrics are an ideal method to estimate chronological age based on age-dependent component changes in male occipital bones. Our experiment provides a proof of concept and potential experimental method for chronological age estimation.
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11
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Gupta SD, Workman J, Finnilä MA, Saarakkala S, Thambyah A. Subchondral bone plate thickness is associated with micromechanical and microstructural changes in the bovine patella osteochondral junction with different levels of cartilage degeneration. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 129:105158. [PMID: 35279448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The influence of joint degeneration on the biomechanical properties of calcified cartilage and subchondral bone plate at the osteochondral junction is relatively unknown. Common experimental difficulties include accessibility to and visualization of the osteochondral junction, application of mechanical testing at the appropriate length scale, and availability of tissue that provides a consistent range of degenerative changes. This study addresses these challenges. A well-established bovine patella model of early joint degeneration was employed, in which micromechanical testing of fully hydrated osteochondral sections was carried out in conjunction with high-resolution imaging using differential interference contrast (DIC) optical light microscopy. A total of forty-two bovine patellae with different grades of tissue health ranging from healthy to mild, moderate, and severe cartilage degeneration, were selected. From the distal-lateral region of each patella, two adjacent osteochondral sections were obtained for the mechanical testing and the DIC imaging, respectively. Mechanical testing was carried out using a robotic micro-force acquisition system, applying compression tests over an array (area: 200 μm × 1000 μm, step size: 50 μm) across the osteochondral junction to obtain a stiffness map. Morphometric analysis was performed for the DIC images of fully hydrated cryo-sections. The levels of cartilage degeneration, DIC images, and the stiffness maps were used to associate the mechanical properties onto the specific tissue regions of cartilage, calcified cartilage, and subchondral bone plate. The results showed that there were up to 20% and 24% decreases (p < 0.05) in the stiffness of calcified cartilage and subchondral bone plate, respectively, in the severely degenerated group compared to the healthy group. Furthermore, there were increases (p < 0.05) in the number of tidemarks, bone spicules at the cement line, and the mean thickness of the subchondral bone plate with increasing levels of degeneration. The decreasing stiffness in the subchondral bone plate coupled with the presence of bone spicules may be indicative of a subchondral remodeling process involving new bone formation. Moreover, the mean thickness of the subchondral bone plate was found to be the strongest indicator of mechanical and associated structural changes in the osteochondral joint tissues.
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12
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Abstract
Raman spectroscopy (RS) is used to analyze the physiochemical properties of bone because it is non-destructive and requires minimal sample preparation. With over two decades of research involving measurements of mineral-to-matrix ratio, type-B carbonate substitution, crystallinity, and other compositional characteristics of the bone matrix by RS, there are multiple methods to acquire Raman signals from bone, to process those signals, and to determine peak ratios including sub-peak ratios as well as the full-width at half maximum of the most prominent Raman peak, which is nu1 phosphate (ν1PO4). Selecting which methods to use is not always clear. Herein, we describe the components of RS instruments and how they influence the quality of Raman spectra acquired from bone because signal-to-noise of the acquisition and the accompanying background fluorescence dictate the pre-processing of the Raman spectra. We also describe common methods and challenges in preparing acquired spectra for the determination of matrix properties of bone. This article also serves to provide guidance for the analysis of bone by RS with examples of how methods for pre-processing the Raman signals and for determining properties of bone composition affect RS sensitivity to potential differences between experimental groups. Attention is also given to deconvolution methods that are used to ascertain sub-peak ratios of the amide I band as a way to assess characteristics of collagen type I. We provide suggestions and recommendations on the application of RS to bone with the goal of improving reproducibility across studies and solidify RS as a valuable technique in the field of bone research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Unal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, 70200, Turkey.
- Department of Bioengineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey 70200
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey 70200
| | - Rafay Ahmed
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Anita Mahadevan-Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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13
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Falgayrac G, Farlay D, Ponçon C, Béhal H, Gardegaront M, Ammann P, Boivin G, Cortet B. Bone matrix quality in paired iliac bone biopsies from postmenopausal women treated for 12 months with strontium ranelate or alendronate. Bone 2021; 153:116107. [PMID: 34260980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone quality is altered mainly by osteoporosis, which is treated with modulators of bone quality. Knowledge of their mechanisms of action is crucial to understand their effects on bone quality. The goal of our study was to compare the action of alendronate (ALN) and strontium ranelate (SrRan) on the determinants of bone quality. The investigation was performed on over 60 paired human iliac biopsies. Paired samples correspond to biopsies obtained from the same patient, one before treatment (baseline) and one after 12 months of treatment, in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Vibrational spectroscopy (Raman and FTIRM) and nanoindentation were used to evaluate the effect of both drugs on bone quality at the ultrastructural level. Outcomes measured by vibrational spectroscopy and nanoindentation are sensitive to bone age. New bone packets are distinguished from old bone packets. Thus, the effect of bone age is distinguished from the treatment effect. Both drugs modify the mineral and organic composition in new and old bone in different fashions after 12 months of administration. The new bone formed during ALN administration is characterized by an increased mineral content, carbonation and apatite crystal size/perfection compared to baseline. Post-translational modifications of collagen are observed through an increase in the hydroxyproline/proline ratio in new bone. The proteoglycan content is also increased in new bone. SrRan directly modulates bone quality through its physicochemical actions, independent of an effect on bone remodeling. Strontium cations are captured by the hydrated layer of the mineral matrix. The mineral matrix formed during SrRan administration has a lower carbonate content and crystallinity after 12 months than at baseline. Strontium might create bonds (crosslinks) with collagen and noncollagenous proteins in new and old bone. The nanomechanical properties of bone were not modified with either ALN or SrRan, probably due to the short duration of administration. Our results show that ALN and SrRan have differential effects on bone quality in relation to their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Falgayrac
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 4490 - MABLab, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Delphine Farlay
- INSERM, UMR1033, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Camille Ponçon
- INSERM, UMR1033, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Béhal
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marc Gardegaront
- INSERM, UMR1033, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Ammann
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospital, 4, rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Georges Boivin
- INSERM, UMR1033, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Cortet
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 4490 - MABLab, F-59000 Lille, France
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14
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Tiwari N, Wegner S, Hassan A, Dwivedi N, Rai R, Sinha N. Probing short and long-range interactions in native collagen inside the bone matrix by BioSolids CryoProbe. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:99-107. [PMID: 32761649 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance is a promising technique to probe bone mineralization and interaction of collagen protein in the native state. However, many of the developments are hampered due to the low sensitivity of the technique. In this article, we report solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments using the newly developed BioSolids CryoProbe™ to access its applicability for elucidating the atomic-level structural details of collagen protein in native state inside the bone. We report here approximately a fourfold sensitivity enhancement in the natural abundance 13 C spectrum compared with the room temperature conventional solid-state NMR probe. With the advantage of sensitivity enhancement, we have been able to perform natural abundance 15 N cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) and two-dimensional (2D) 1 H-13 C heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) experiments of native collagen within a reasonable timeframe. Due to high sensitivity, 2D 1 H/13 C HETCOR experiments have helped in detecting several short and long-range interactions of native collagen assembly, thus significantly expanding the scope of the method to such challenging biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Tiwari
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, 226014, India
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | | | - Alia Hassan
- Bruker BioSpin Corporation, Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Navneet Dwivedi
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, 226014, India
- Department of Physics, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - RamaNand Rai
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, 226014, India
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15
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Silva Barreto I, Le Cann S, Ahmed S, Sotiriou V, Turunen MJ, Johansson U, Rodriguez‐Fernandez A, Grünewald TA, Liebi M, Nowlan NC, Isaksson H. Multiscale Characterization of Embryonic Long Bone Mineralization in Mice. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2002524. [PMID: 33173750 PMCID: PMC7610310 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Long bone mineralization occurs through endochondral ossification, where a cartilage template mineralizes into bone-like tissue with a hierarchical organization from the whole bone-scale down to sub-nano scale. Whereas this process has been extensively studied at the larger length scales, it remains unexplored at some of the smaller length scales. In this study, the changes in morphology, composition, and structure during embryonic mineralization of murine humeri are investigated using a range of high-resolution synchrotron-based imaging techniques at several length scales. With micro- and nanometer spatial resolution, the deposition of elements and the shaping of mineral platelets are followed. Rapid mineralization of the humeri occurs over approximately four days, where mineral to matrix ratio and calcium content in the most mineralized zone reach adult values shortly before birth. Interestingly, zinc is consistently found to be localized at the sites of ongoing new mineralization. The mineral platelets in the most recently mineralized regions are thicker, longer, narrower, and less aligned compared to those further into the mineralized region. In summary, this study demonstrates a specific spatial distribution of zinc, with highest concentration where new mineral is being deposited and that the newly formed mineral platelets undergo slight reshaping and reorganization during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Le Cann
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringLund UniversityLund22100Sweden
| | - Saima Ahmed
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK
| | - Vivien Sotiriou
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK
| | - Mikael J. Turunen
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopio70211Finland
| | | | | | | | - Marianne Liebi
- Department of PhysicsChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg41296Sweden
| | - Niamh C. Nowlan
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK
| | - Hanna Isaksson
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringLund UniversityLund22100Sweden
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16
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Kumar V, Asodiya FA, Singh VK, Gajera HP. Microscopic and spectroscopic characterization of an extraskeletal intranasal osteoma in a Gir cow. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 84:555-562. [PMID: 33037761 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This is probably the first report characterizing an extraskeletal intranasal osteoma in a Gir cow through scanning electron microscopy and various spectroscopic techniques. Nasal obstruction in a 10-year-old Gir cow is investigated in this study. Skull radiograph demonstrated 174.12 mm × 81.97 mm sized well-circumscribed radiodense mass within the left nasal passage. The intranasal mass was excised completely through a rhinotomy incision. Grossly, intranasal mass was nonhyperemic, rock-hard, and calcified, 174.12 mm × 81.97 mm in size, and 650 g of weight. Excised intranasal mass was investigated through histopathologic, scanning electron microscopic (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopic, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopic, microwave plasma-atomic energy spectroscopic (MPAES), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic techniques. A native bone of age-matched Gir cow, collected from a cadaver, was taken as a control. Microscopically, structures similar to cortical bone randomly coexisted with trabecular bone were observed. The EDX analysis of the intranasal mass indicated mean Ca/P weight ratio of 1.88, close to Ca/P weight ratio of the control. The XRF analysis revealed the presence of Ca, P, Sr, S, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Ni in the intranasal mass. Additionally, Mn was noted by MPAES analysis. Hence, the XRF and MPAES analyses confirmed a similar elemental composition of the intranasal mass and control. FTIR spectroscopic study confirmed the presence of inorganic ν1, ν3 PO4 3- , OH- in addition to organic collagen amide A, amide B, amide I, amide II, and amide III chemical functional groups in the intranasal mass. These findings of the intranasal mass were consistent with an osteoma having similar elemental and molecular compositions with the native bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, India
| | - Foram A Asodiya
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, India
| | - Vivek K Singh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, India
| | - Harsukh P Gajera
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, India
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17
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Abu Zeid ST, Alamoudi RA, Merdad K. Morphological and chemical analysis of surface interaction of irrigant-endosequence root repair material. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:3383-3392. [PMID: 32643248 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the characterization of chemical interaction of root canal irrigants on the surface of EndoSequence root repair materials using spectroscopy analysis. Round discs of putty and paste were obtained and immersed in saline, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), or chlorhexidine. On the surface of chlorhexidine treated putty, diffuse red pigmentation was detected by Raman analysis and diffuse black pigmentation having unusual needle-like shaped crystals was detected by scanning electron microscopy. This pigmentation formed from nitrogen-rich compounds detected by Raman, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Mineral/amide ratios were increased by NaOCl and significantly decreased by chlorhexidine. Carbonate/phosphate ratios showed no significant changes by NaOCl, while a significant decrease by chlorhexidine. A full half of maximum widthRaman of the phosphate band was significantly increased by NaOCl, while decreased by chlorhexidine. In conclusion; nitrogen-rich compounds produced by chlorhexidine altered the surface morphology of the putty without crystallinity reduction. However, NaOCl reduced the organic fillers that affected its binding to phosphate ions. This reaction affects the chemical properties and perfection of root repair material. The clinicians should be aware of different irrigants to be used after repairing the perforation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan T Abu Zeid
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ruaa A Alamoudi
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Merdad
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Lee YR, Findlay DM, Muratovic D, Gill TK, Kuliwaba JS. Raman microspectroscopy demonstrates reduced mineralization of subchondral bone marrow lesions in knee osteoarthritis patients. Bone Rep 2020; 12:100269. [PMID: 32395569 PMCID: PMC7210419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone marrow lesions (BMLs) are frequently identified by MRI in the subchondral bone in knee osteoarthritis (KOA). BMLs are known to be closely associated with joint pain, loss of the cartilage and structural changes in the subchondral trabecular bone (SCTB). Despite this, understanding of the nature of BMLs at the trabecular tissue level is incomplete. Thus, we used Raman microspectroscopy to examine the biochemical properties of SCTB from KOA patients with presence or absence of BMLs (OA-BML, OA No-BML; respectively), in comparison with age-matched cadaveric non-symptomatic controls (Non-OA CTL). METHODS Tibial plateau (TP) specimens were collected from 19 KOA arthroplasty patients (6-Male, 13-Female; aged 56-74 years). BMLs were identified ex-vivo by MRI, using PDFS- and T1-weighted sequences. The KOA specimens were then categorized into an OA-BML group (n = 12; containing a BML within the medial condyle only) and an OA No-BML group (n = 7; with no BMLs identified in the TP). The control (CTL) group consisted of Non-OA cadaveric TP samples with no BMLs and no macroscopic or microscopic evidence of OA-related changes (n = 8; 5-Male, 3-Female; aged 44-80 years). Confocal Raman microspectroscopy, with high spatial resolution, was used to quantify the biochemical properties of SCTB tissue of both the medial and the lateral condyle in each group. RESULTS The ratios of peak intensity and integrated area of bone matrix mineral (Phosphate (v1), Phosphate (v2) and Phosphate (v4)), to surrogates of the organic phase of bone matrix (Amide I, Proline and Amide III), were calculated. Within the medial compartment, the mineral:organic matrix ratios were significantly lower for OA-BML, compared to Non-OA CTL. These ratios were also significantly lower for the OA-BML medial compartment, compared to the OA-BML lateral compartment. There were no group or compartmental differences for Carbonate:Phosphate (v1, v2 and v4), Amide III (α-helix):Amide III (random-coil), Hydroxyproline:Proline, or Crystallinity. CONCLUSION As measured by Raman microspectroscopy, SCTB tissue in BML zones in KOA is significantly less mineralized than the corresponding zones in individuals without OA. These data are consistent with those obtained using other methods (e.g. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; FTIR) and with the increased rate of bone remodeling observed in BML zones. Reduced mineralization may change the biomechanical properties of the trabecular bone in BMLs and the mechanical interaction between subchondral bone and its overlying cartilage, with potential implications for the development and progression of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea-Rin Lee
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David M. Findlay
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dzenita Muratovic
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tiffany K. Gill
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Julia S. Kuliwaba
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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19
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Pedrosa M, Curate F, Batista de Carvalho LAE, Marques MPM, Ferreira MT. Beyond metrics and morphology: the potential of FTIR-ATR and chemometrics to estimate age-at-death in human bone. Int J Legal Med 2020; 134:1905-1914. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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20
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Batool S, Mahar R, Badar F, Tetmeyer A, Xia Y. Quantitative µMRI and PLM study of rabbit humeral and femoral head cartilage at sub-10 µm resolutions. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:1052-1062. [PMID: 31799697 PMCID: PMC7162717 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish the baseline characteristics in humeral and femoral cartilage in rabbit, using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxation times (T2, T1ρ, and T1) at 9.75 and 70-82 µm pixel resolutions, and quantitative polarized light microscopy (PLM) measures (retardation, angle) at 1.0 and 4.0 µm pixel resolutions. Five intact (i.e., unopened) shoulder joints (the scapula and humeral heads) and three femoral heads of the hip joints from five healthy rabbits were imaged in MRI at 70-82 µm resolution. Thirteen cartilage-bone specimens were harvested from these joints and imaged in µMRI at 9.75 µm resolution. Subsequently, quantitative PLM study of these specimens enabled the examination of the fibril orientation and organization in both intact joints and individual specimens. Quantitative MRI relaxation data and PLM fibril structural data show distinct features in tissue properties at different depths of cartilage, different in individual histological zones. The thicknesses of the histological zones in µMRI and PLM were successfully obtained. This is the first correlated and quantitative MRI and PLM study of rabbit cartilage at sub-10 µm resolutions, which benefits future investigation of osteoarthritis using the rabbit model. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:1052-1062, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yang Xia
- Corresponding Author and Address: Yang Xia, Ph.D., Department of Physics, Oakland University, 244 Meadow Brook Road, Rochester, Michigan 48309, USA, Phone: (248) 370-3420, Fax: (248) 370-3408,
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Törnquist E, Isaksson H, Turunen MJ. Mineralization of cortical bone during maturation and growth in rabbits. J Bone Miner Metab 2020; 38:289-298. [PMID: 31807903 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-019-01068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The composite nature of bone as a material governs its structure and mechanical behavior. How the collagenous matrix mineralizes, in terms of both mineral deposition and structure of the mineral crystals, is highly interesting when trying to elucidate the complex structural changes that occur during bone growth and maturation. We have previously looked at mineral deposition and structural evolution of the collagenous matrix, linking both to changes in mechanics. The purpose of this study was to provide specific information on changes in crystal size and organization as a function of growth and maturation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using micro-computed tomography (µCT) and micro-focused scanning small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) we investigated cortical bone in two orthogonal directions relative to the long axis of the humeri of New Zealand White rabbits spanning from new-born to 6-months of age. We also investigated the changes with tissue age by looking at radial profiles of osteonal structures in the 6-months old rabbits. The findings were compared to our previous compositional, structural and mechanical data on the same sample cohort. RESULTS µCT showed a continuous mineral deposition up until 3-months of age, whilst the SAXS data showed an increase in both crystal thickness and degree of orientation up until 6-months of age. The osteonal profiles showed no statistically significant changes in crystal thickness. CONCLUSIONS Comparison to previously collected mechanical data suggests that changes are not only explained by amount of mineral in the tissue but also by the crystal dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Törnquist
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Hanna Isaksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikael J Turunen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 702 11, Kuopio, Finland
- SIBlabs, University of Eastern Finland, 702 11, Kuopio, Finland
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22
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Abu Zeid ST, Alamoudi RA, Abou Neel EA, Mokeem Saleh AA. Morphological and Spectroscopic Study of an Apatite Layer Induced by Fast-Set Versus Regular-Set EndoSequence Root Repair Materials. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12223678. [PMID: 31717256 PMCID: PMC6888519 DOI: 10.3390/ma12223678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the morphology and chemistry of an apatite layer induced by fast-set versus regular-set EndoSequence root repair materials using spectroscopic analysis. Holes of a 4 mm diameter were created in the root canal dentin, which were filled with the test material. Fetal calf serum was used as the incubation medium, and the samples incubated in deionized water were used as controls. The material-surface and material-dentin interfaces were analyzed after 28 days using Raman and infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray, and X-ray diffraction. After incubation in fetal calf serum, both materials formed a uniform layer of calcium phosphate precipitate on their surfaces, with the dentinal interface. This precipitated layer was a combination of hydroxyapatite and calcite or aragonite, and had a high mineral maturity with the regular-set paste. However, its crystallinity index was high with the fast-set putty. Typically, both consistencies (putty and paste) of root repair material have an apatite formation ability when they are incubated in fetal calf serum. This property could be beneficial in improving their sealing ability for root canal dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan T. Abu Zeid
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (A.A.M.S.)
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-5-0952-8971
| | - Ruaa A. Alamoudi
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (A.A.M.S.)
| | - Ensanya A. Abou Neel
- Division of Biomaterials, Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta 31512, Egypt
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, 256 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - Abeer A. Mokeem Saleh
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (A.A.M.S.)
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23
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King HE, Tommasini SM, Rodriguez-Navarro AB, Mercado BQ, Skinner HCW. Correlative vibrational spectroscopy and 2D X-ray diffraction to probe the mineralization of bone in phosphate-deficient mice. J Appl Crystallogr 2019; 52:960-971. [PMID: 31636517 PMCID: PMC6782074 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576719009361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone crystallite chemistry and structure change during bone maturation. However, these properties of bone can also be affected by limited uptake of the chemical constituents of the mineral by the animal. This makes probing the effect of bone-mineralization-related diseases a complicated task. Here it is shown that the combination of vibrational spectroscopy with two-dimensional X-ray diffraction can provide unparalleled information on the changes in bone chemistry and structure associated with different bone pathologies (phosphate deficiency) and/or health conditions (pregnancy, lactation). Using a synergistic analytical approach, it was possible to trace the effect that changes in the remodelling regime have on the bone mineral chemistry and structure in normal and mineral-deficient (hypophosphatemic) mice. The results indicate that hypophosphatemic mice have increased bone remodelling, increased carbonate content and decreased crystallinity of the bone mineral, as well as increased misalignment of crystallites within the bone tissue. Pregnant and lactating mice that are normal and hypophosphatemic showed changes in the chemistry and misalignment of the apatite crystals that can be related to changes in remodelling rates associated with different calcium demand during pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E King
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, Utrecht 3584 CB, The Netherlands
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, 210 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut CT-06511, USA
| | - Steven M Tommasini
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut CT-06510, USA
| | | | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut CT-06511, USA
| | - H Catherine W Skinner
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, 210 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut CT-06511, USA
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24
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Luque PL, Sanchez-Ilárduya MB, Sarmiento A, Murua H, Arrizabalaga H. Characterization of carbonate fraction of the Atlantic bluefin tuna fin spine bone matrix for stable isotope analysis. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7176. [PMID: 31346495 PMCID: PMC6642792 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mineral component of fish otoliths (ear bones), which is aragonitic calcium carbonate (CaCO3), makes this structure the preferred sample choice for measuring biological carbon and oxygen-stable isotopes in order to address fundamental questions in fish ecology and fisheries science. The main drawback is that the removal of otoliths requires sacrificing the specimen, which is particularly impractical for endangered and commercially valuable species such as Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) (ABFT). This study explores the suitability of using the first dorsal fin spine bone of ABFT as a non-lethal alternative to otolith analysis or as a complementary hard structure. The fin spines of freshly caught ABFT were collected to identify carbonate ions within the mineral matrix (i.e., hydroxyapatite) and to determine the nature of the carbonate substitution within the crystal lattice, knowledge which is crucial for correct measurement and ecological interpretation of oxygen and carbon stable isotopes of carbonates. Fin spine sections were analyzed via X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Raman Spectroscopy, and Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR). The XPS survey analysis showed signals of Ca, O, and P (three compositional elements that comprise hydroxyapatite). The Raman and FTIR techniques showed evidence of carbonate ions within the hydroxyapatite matrix, with the IR spectra being the most powerful for identifying the type B carbonate substitution as shown by the carbonate band in the v2 CO32− domain at ∼872 cm−1. The results of this study confirmed the presence of carbonate ions within the mineral matrix of the fin spine bone of ABFT, showing the feasibility of using this calcified structure for analysis of stable isotopes. Overall, our findings will facilitate new approaches to safeguarding commercially valuable and endangered/protected fish species and will open new research avenues to improve fisheries management and species conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Luque
- Marine Research Division, AZTI Tecnalia, Pasaia, Guipuzcoa, Spain
| | - María Belén Sanchez-Ilárduya
- Advanced Research Facilities (SGIker)/ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Laboratory (XPS)/Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizcaia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Sarmiento
- Advanced Research Facilities (Sgiker) / Coupled Multispectroscopy Singular Laboratory (Raman-LASPEA)/ Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizcaia, Spain
| | - Hilario Murua
- Marine Research Division, AZTI Tecnalia, Pasaia, Guipuzcoa, Spain
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25
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Heales CJ, Summers IR, Fulford J, Knapp KM, Winlove CP. Investigation of changes in bone density and chemical composition associated with bone marrow oedema-type appearances in magnetic resonance images of the equine forelimb. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:330. [PMID: 31307450 PMCID: PMC6631911 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aetiology of bone marrow oedema-like abnormalities (BMOA) seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is as yet not fully understood. The current study aimed to investigate the potential of projection radiography and Raman microspectroscopy to provide information regarding the underlying physiological changes associated with BMOA in equine bone samples. Methods MRI was used to assess 65 limbs from 43 horses. A subset of 13 limbs provided 25 samples, 8 with BMOA present and 17 as controls; these were examined with projection radiography to assess bone mineral density and Raman spectroscopy to assess bone composition. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, the relationship between BMOA and age was tested using binary logistic regression, other outcome measures via unpaired t-tests. Results Overall BMOA was found to be associated with locally increased bone density (p = 0.011), suggesting increased bone formation; however, no measurable changes relating to bone remodelling were found, and there were no detectable changes in the chemical composition of bone. Conclusions BMOA is associated with locally increased bone density, without an associated change in the chemical composition of bone, suggesting this is not linked to BMOA. The presence of increased bone density associated with BMOA does appear to suggest that an increased amount of bone formation is occurring in these regions, but as Raman microspectroscopy data do not demonstrate any significant changes in bone chemical composition associated with BMOA, it would appear that the increased bone volume is due to a greater amount of bone being formed rather than an imbalance in relation to bone remodelling. The study provides a proof of principle for the use of Raman microspectroscopy and projection radiography in in vitro studies of BMOA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12891-019-2693-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J Heales
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
| | - Ian R Summers
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Streatham Campus, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Jonathan Fulford
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Karen M Knapp
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - C Peter Winlove
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Streatham Campus, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
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26
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Ohshima H. Oral biosciences: The annual review 2017. J Oral Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Shi C, Mandair GS, Zhang H, Vanrenterghem GG, Ridella R, Takahashi A, Zhang Y, Kohn DH, Morris MD, Mishina Y, Sun H. Bone morphogenetic protein signaling through ACVR1 and BMPR1A negatively regulates bone mass along with alterations in bone composition. J Struct Biol 2018; 201:237-246. [PMID: 29175363 PMCID: PMC5820174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone quantity and bone quality are important factors in determining the properties and the mechanical functions of bone. This study examined the effects of disrupting bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling through BMP receptors on bone quantity and bone quality. More specifically, we disrupted two BMP receptors, Acvr1 and Bmpr1a, respectively, in Osterix-expressing osteogenic progenitor cells in mice. We examined the structural changes to the femora from 3-month old male and female conditional knockout (cKO) mice using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histology, as well as compositional changes to both cortical and trabecular compartments of bone using Raman spectroscopy. We found that the deletion of Acvr1 and Bmpr1a, respectively, in an osteoblast-specific manner resulted in higher bone mass in the trabecular compartment. Disruption of Bmpr1a resulted in a more significantly increased bone mass in the trabecular compartment. We also found that these cKO mice showed lower mineral-to-matrix ratio, while tissue mineral density was lower in the cortical compartment. Collagen crosslink ratio was higher in both cortical and trabecular compartments of male cKO mice. Our study suggested that BMP signaling in osteoblast mediated by BMP receptors, namely ACVR1 and BMPR1A, is critical in regulating bone quantity and bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Shi
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130000, China; Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
| | - Gurjit S Mandair
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
| | - Honghao Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
| | - Gloria G Vanrenterghem
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
| | - Ryan Ridella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48108-1055, USA
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
| | - Yanshuai Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
| | - David H Kohn
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA; Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering, University of Michigan, MI 48109-2110, USA.
| | - Michael D Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48108-1055, USA.
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
| | - Hongchen Sun
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130000, China.
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28
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Boskey AL, Imbert L. Bone quality changes associated with aging and disease: a review. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1410:93-106. [PMID: 29265417 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone quality encompasses all the characteristics of bone that, in addition to density, contribute to its resistance to fracture. In this review, we consider changes in architecture, porosity, and composition, including collagen structure, mineral composition, and crystal size. These factors all are known to vary with tissue and animal ages, and health status. Bone morphology and presence of microcracks, which also contribute to bone quality, will not be discussed in this review. Correlations with mechanical performance for collagen cross-linking, crystallinity, and carbonate content are contrasted with mineral content. Age-dependent changes in humans and rodents are discussed in relation to rodent models of disease. Examples are osteoporosis, osteomalacia, osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), and osteopetrosis in both humans and animal models. Each of these conditions, along with aging, is associated with increased fracture risk for distinct reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele L Boskey
- Mineralized Tissue Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.,Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Laurianne Imbert
- Mineralized Tissue Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
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29
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Taylor EA, Lloyd AA, Salazar-Lara C, Donnelly E. Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Mineral to Matrix Ratios Correlate with Physical Chemical Properties of Model Compounds and Native Bone Tissue. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:2404-2410. [PMID: 28485618 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817709286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging techniques can be used to characterize bone composition. In this study, our objective was to validate the Raman mineral:matrix ratios (ν1 PO4:amide III, ν1 PO4:amide I, ν1 PO4:Proline + hydroxyproline, ν1 PO4:Phenylalanine, ν1 PO4:δ CH2 peak area ratios) by correlating them to ash fraction and the IR mineral:matrix ratio (ν3 PO4:amide I peak area ratio) in chemical standards and native bone tissue. Chemical standards consisting of varying ratios of synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) and collagen, as well as bone tissue from humans, sheep, and mice, were characterized with confocal Raman spectroscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy and gravimetric analysis. Raman and IR mineral:matrix ratio values from chemical standards increased reciprocally with ash fraction (Raman ν1 PO4/Amide III: P < 0.01, R2 = 0.966; Raman ν1 PO4/Amide I: P < 0.01, R2 = 0.919; Raman ν1 PO4/Proline + Hydroxyproline: P < 0.01, R2 = 0.976; Raman ν1 PO4/Phenylalanine: P < 0.01, R2 = 0.911; Raman ν1 PO4/δ CH2: P < 0.01, R2 = 0.894; IR P < 0.01, R2 = 0.91). Fourier transform infrared mineral:matrix ratio values from native bone tissue were also similar to theoretical mineral:matrix ratio values for a given ash fraction. Raman and IR mineral:matrix ratio values were strongly correlated ( P < 0.01, R2 = 0.82). These results were confirmed by calculating the mineral:matrix ratio for theoretical IR spectra, developed by applying the Beer-Lambert law to calculate the relative extinction coefficients of HA and collagen over the same range of wavenumbers (800-1800 cm-1). The results confirm that the Raman mineral:matrix bone composition parameter correlates strongly to ash fraction and to its IR counterpart. Finally, the mineral:matrix ratio values of the native bone tissue are similar to those of both chemical standards and theoretical values, confirming the biological relevance of the chemical standards and the characterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Taylor
- 1 Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ashley A Lloyd
- 2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Carolina Salazar-Lara
- 2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Eve Donnelly
- 2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- 3 Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
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30
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Kimura-Suda H, Ito T. Bone quality characteristics obtained by Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopic imaging. J Oral Biosci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Maeda E, Nakagaki M, Ichikawa K, Nagayama K, Matsumoto T. Effects of cyclic compression on the mechanical properties and calcification process of immature chick bone tissue in culture. Bone Rep 2017; 6:120-128. [PMID: 28435849 PMCID: PMC5393170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Contribution of mechanical loading to tissue growth during both the development and post-natal maturation is of a particular interest, as its understanding would be important to strategies in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The present study has been performed to investigate how immature bone responds to mechanical loading using an ex vivo culture system. A slice of the tibia, with the thickness of 3 mm, was obtained from 0-day-old chick. For the ex vivo culture experiment in conjunction with cyclic compressive loading, we developed a custom-made, bioreactor system where both the load and the deformation applied to the specimen was recorded. Cyclic compression, with an amplitude of 0.3 N corresponding to 1 to 2% compressive strain, was applied to immature bone specimen during a 3-day culture period at an overall loading rate 3–4 cycles/min, in the presence of β-glycerol phosphate and dexamethasone in culture medium. The stress-strain relationship was obtained at the beginning and the end of the culture experiment. In addition, analyses for alkaline phosphate release, cell viability and tissue calcification were also performed. It was exhibited that elastic moduli of bone slices were significantly elevated at the end of the 3-day culture in the presence of cyclic compression, which was a similar phenomenon to significant elevation of the elastic moduli of bone tissue by the maturation from 0-day old to 3-day old. By contrast, no significant changes in the moduli were observed in the absence of cyclic compression or in deactivated, cell-free samples. The increases in the moduli were coincided with the increase in calcified area in the bone samples. It was confirmed that immature bone can respond to compressive loading in vitro and demonstrate the growth of bone matrix, similar to natural, in vivo maturation. The elevation of the elastic moduli was attributable to the increased calcified area and the realignment of collagen fibers parallel to the loading direction. The ex vivo loading system established here can be further applied to study responses to mechanical loading in osteogenesis as well as callus maturation for better understanding of factors to consider in successful bone regeneration with mechanical factors. We examined how immature bone responds to cyclic compressive loading, using a newly established tissue loading system. Loading culture of 0-day-old chick tibia slice for 3 days significantly increased elastic moduli and calcified area. The moduli and calcified area after 3-day loading culture were comparable with those from 3-day-old chick tibia. No increases in the moduli or in calcified area were observed in non-loaded samples and deactivated samples. It was suggested that cyclic compressive loading is an essential factor of normal bone growth in ex vivo bone culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eijiro Maeda
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Nakagaki
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Ichikawa
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nagayama
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan.,Micro-Nano Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Japan
| | - Takeo Matsumoto
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
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Pascart T, Falgayrac G, Migaud H, Quinchon JF, Norberciak L, Budzik JF, Paccou J, Cotten A, Penel G, Cortet B. Region specific Raman spectroscopy analysis of the femoral head reveals that trabecular bone is unlikely to contribute to non-traumatic osteonecrosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:97. [PMID: 28273910 PMCID: PMC5427816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-traumatic osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head is a common disease affecting a young population as the peak age of diagnosis is in the 40 s. The natural history of non-traumatic ON leads to a collapse of the femoral head requiring prosthetic replacement in a 60% of cases. Although trabecular bone involvement in the collapse is suspected, the underlying modifications induced at a molecular level have not been explored in humans. Here, we examine changes in the molecular composition and structure of bone as evaluated by Raman spectroscopy in human end-stage ON. Comparing samples from femoral heads harvested from 11 patients and 11 cadaveric controls, we show that the mineral and organic chemical composition of trabecular bone in ON is not modified apart from age-related differences. We also show that the molecular composition in the necrotic part of the femoral head is not different from the composition of the remaining ‘healthy’ trabecular bone of the femoral head. These findings support that quality of trabecular bone is not modified during ON despite extensive bone marrow necrosis and osteocyte death observed even in the ‘healthy’ zones on histological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Pascart
- Lille University, Littoral Côte d'Opale University, EA 4490, PMOI, Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, F-59000, Lille, France. .,Department of Rheumatology, Saint-Philibert Hospital, Lille University, F-59160, Lomme, France.
| | - Guillaume Falgayrac
- Lille University, Littoral Côte d'Opale University, EA 4490, PMOI, Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Henri Migaud
- Lille University, Littoral Côte d'Opale University, EA 4490, PMOI, Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, F-59000, Lille, France.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lille University Hospital, Lille University, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Jean-François Quinchon
- Department of Anatomopathology, Saint-Philibert Hospital, Lille University, F-59160, Lomme, France
| | - Laurène Norberciak
- Department of biostatistics, Saint-Philibert Hospital, Lille University, F-59160, Lomme, France
| | - Jean-François Budzik
- Lille University, Littoral Côte d'Opale University, EA 4490, PMOI, Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, F-59000, Lille, France.,Department of Radiology,Saint-Philibert Hospital, Lille University, F-59160, Lomme, France
| | - Julien Paccou
- Lille University, Littoral Côte d'Opale University, EA 4490, PMOI, Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, F-59000, Lille, France.,Department of Rheumatology, Lille University Hospital, Lille University, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Anne Cotten
- Lille University, Littoral Côte d'Opale University, EA 4490, PMOI, Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, F-59000, Lille, France.,Department of Radiology, Lille University Hospital, Lille University, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Penel
- Lille University, Littoral Côte d'Opale University, EA 4490, PMOI, Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Bernard Cortet
- Lille University, Littoral Côte d'Opale University, EA 4490, PMOI, Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, F-59000, Lille, France.,Department of Rheumatology, Lille University Hospital, Lille University, F-59000, Lille, France
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33
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Turunen MJ, Kaspersen JD, Olsson U, Guizar-Sicairos M, Bech M, Schaff F, Tägil M, Jurvelin JS, Isaksson H. Bone mineral crystal size and organization vary across mature rat bone cortex. J Struct Biol 2016; 195:337-344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Benetti C, Ana PA, Bachmann L, Zezell DM. Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of the Effects of Erbium, Chromium:Yattrium-Scandium-Gallium-Garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) Laser Irradiation on Bone Mineral and Organic Components. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 69:1496-1504. [PMID: 26555304 DOI: 10.1366/14-07726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of varying the energy density of a high-intensity erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser on the mineral and organic components of bone tissue were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Bone samples obtained from the tibias of rabbits were irradiated with five energy densities (3, 6, 8, 12, and 15 J/cm(2)), and the effects on the carbonate to phosphate ratio and in the organic components were compared with those of nonirradiated samples. The increased temperature during the laser irradiation was also measured using infrared thermography to relate the observed spectral changes to the laser thermal effects. The analyses of the infrared spectra suggests that the irradiation with Er,Cr:YSGG promoted changes in bone tissue in both the mineral and organic components that depend on the laser energy density, pointing to the importance of using the proper energy density in clinical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Benetti
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Centro de Lasers e Aplicacões, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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35
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Mandair GS, Morris MD. Contributions of Raman spectroscopy to the understanding of bone strength. BONEKEY REPORTS 2015; 4:620. [PMID: 25628882 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2014.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is increasingly commonly used to understand how changes in bone composition and structure influence tissue-level bone mechanical properties. The spectroscopic technique provides information on bone mineral and matrix collagen components and on the effects of various matrix proteins on bone material properties as well. The Raman spectrum of bone not only contains information on bone mineral crystallinity that is related to bone hardness but also provides information on the orientation of mineral crystallites with respect to the collagen fibril axis. Indirect information on collagen cross-links is also available and will be discussed. After a short introduction to bone Raman spectroscopic parameters and collection methodologies, advances in in vivo Raman spectroscopic measurements for animal and human subject studies will be reviewed. A discussion on the effects of aging, osteogenesis imperfecta, osteoporosis and therapeutic agents on bone composition and mechanical properties will be highlighted, including genetic mouse models in which structure-function and exercise effects are explored. Similarly, extracellular matrix proteins, proteases and transcriptional proteins implicated in the regulation of bone material properties will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjit S Mandair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael D Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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36
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Relationships between tissue composition and viscoelastic properties in human trabecular bone. J Biomech 2015; 48:269-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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37
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Perdikouri C, Tägil M, Isaksson H. Characterizing the composition of bone formed during fracture healing using scanning electron microscopy techniques. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 96:11-7. [PMID: 25537634 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-014-9930-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
About 5-10% of all bone fractures suffer from delayed healing, which may lead to non-union. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) can be used to induce differentiation of osteoblasts and enhance the formation of the bony callus, and bisphosphonates help to retain the newly formed callus. The aim of this study was to investigate if scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) can identify differences in the mineral composition of the newly formed bone compared to cortical bone from a non-fractured control. Moreover, we investigate whether the use of BMPs and bisphosphonates-alone or combined-may have an effect on bone mineralization and composition. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats at 9 weeks of age were randomly divided into four groups and treated with (A) saline, (B) BMP-7, (C) bisphosphonates (Zoledronate), and (D) BMP-7 + Zoledronate. The rats were sacrificed after 6 weeks. All samples were imaged using SEM and chemically analyzed with EDS to quantify the amount of C, N, Ca, P, O, Na, and Mg. The Ca/P ratio was the primary outcome. In the fractured samples, two areas of interest were chosen for chemical analysis with EDS: the callus and the cortical bone. In the non-fractured samples, only the cortex was analyzed. Our results showed that the element composition varied to a small extent between the callus and the cortical bone in the fractured bones. However, the Ca/P ratio did not differ significantly, suggesting that the mineralization at all sites is similar 6 weeks post-fracture in this rat model.
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38
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Rai RK, Singh C, Sinha N. Predominant role of water in native collagen assembly inside the bone matrix. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:201-11. [PMID: 25530228 DOI: 10.1021/jp511288g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bone is one of the most intriguing biomaterials found in nature consisting of bundles of collagen helixes, hydroxyapatite, and water, forming an exceptionally tough, yet lightweight material. We present here an experimental tool to map water-dependent subtle changes in triple helical assembly of collagen protein in its absolute native environment. Collagen being the most abundant animal protein has been subject of several structural studies in last few decades, mostly on an extracted, overexpressed, and synthesized form of collagen protein. Our method is based on a (1)H detected solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) experiment performed on native collagen protein inside intact bone matrix. Recent development in (1)H homonuclear decoupling sequences has made it possible to observe specific atomic resolution in a large complex system. The method consists of observing a natural-abundance two-dimensional (2D) (1)H/(13)C heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) and(1)H double quantum-single quantum (DQ-SQ) correlation ssNMR experiment. The 2D NMR experiment maps three-dimensional assembly of native collagen protein and shows that extracted form of collagen protein is significantly different from protein in the native state. The method also captures native collagen subtle changes (of the order of ∼1.0 Å) due to dehydration and H/D exchange, giving an experimental tool to map small changes. The method has the potential to be of wide applicability to other collagen containing biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratan Kumar Rai
- Centre of Biomedical Research , SGPGIMS Campus, Raibarelly Road, Lucknow 226014, India
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39
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Khanarian NT, Boushell MK, Spalazzi JP, Pleshko N, Boskey AL, Lu HH. FTIR-I compositional mapping of the cartilage-to-bone interface as a function of tissue region and age. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:2643-52. [PMID: 24839262 PMCID: PMC4963234 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue-to-bone transitions, such as the osteochondral interface, are complex junctions that connect multiple tissue types and are critical for musculoskeletal function. The osteochondral interface enables pressurization of articular cartilage, facilitates load transfer between cartilage and bone, and serves as a barrier between these two distinct tissues. Presently, there is a lack of quantitative understanding of the matrix and mineral distribution across this multitissue transition. Moreover, age-related changes at the interface with the onset of skeletal maturity are also not well understood. Therefore, the objective of this study is to characterize the cartilage-to-bone transition as a function of age, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging (FTIR-I) analysis to map region-dependent changes in collagen, proteoglycan, and mineral distribution, as well as collagen organization. Both tissue-dependent and age-related changes were observed, underscoring the role of postnatal physiological loading in matrix remodeling. It was observed that the relative collagen content increased continuously from cartilage to bone, whereas proteoglycan peaked within the deep zone of cartilage. With age, collagen content across the interface increased, accompanied by a higher degree of collagen alignment in both the surface and deep zone cartilage. Interestingly, regardless of age, mineral content increased exponentially across the calcified cartilage interface. These observations reveal new insights into both region- and age-dependent changes across the cartilage-to-bone junction and will serve as critical benchmark parameters for current efforts in integrative cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora T Khanarian
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret K Boushell
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Spalazzi
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy Pleshko
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adele L Boskey
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helen H Lu
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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40
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Kim G, Cole JH, Boskey AL, Baker SP, van der Meulen MCH. Reduced tissue-level stiffness and mineralization in osteoporotic cancellous bone. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 95:125-31. [PMID: 24888692 PMCID: PMC4104238 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-014-9873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis alters bone mass and composition ultimately increasing the fragility of primarily cancellous skeletal sites; however, effects of osteoporosis on tissue-level mechanical properties of cancellous bone are unknown. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans are the clinical standard for diagnosing osteoporosis though changes in cancellous bone mass and mineralization are difficult to separate using this method. The goal of this study was to investigate possible difference in tissue-level properties with osteoporosis as defined by donor T scores. Spine segments from Caucasian female cadavers (58-92 years) were used. A T score for each donor was calculated from DXA scans to determine osteoporotic status. Tissue-level composition and mechanical properties of vertebrae adjacent to the scan region were measured using nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopy. Based on T scores, six samples were in the Osteoporotic group (58-74 years) and four samples were in the Not Osteoporotic group (65-92 years). The indentation modulus and mineral to matrix ratio (mineral:matrix) were lower in the Osteoporotic group than the Not Osteoporotic group. Mineral:matrix ratio decreased with age (r (2) = 0.35, p = 0.05), and the indentation modulus increased with areal bone mineral density (r (2) = 0.41, p = 0.04). This study is the first to examine cancellous bone composition and mechanical properties from a fracture prone location with osteoporosis. We found differences in tissue composition and mechanical properties with osteoporosis that could contribute to increased fragility in addition to changes in trabecular architecture and bone volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Kim
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Jacqueline H. Cole
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Adele L. Boskey
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
- Graduate Program in Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Shefford P. Baker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Marjolein C. H. van der Meulen
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
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41
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Boskey AL. Bone composition: relationship to bone fragility and antiosteoporotic drug effects. BONEKEY REPORTS 2013; 2:447. [PMID: 24501681 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2013.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The composition of a bone can be described in terms of the mineral phase, hydroxyapatite, the organic phase, which consists of collagen type I, noncollagenous proteins, other components and water. The relative proportions of these various components vary with age, site, gender, disease and treatment. Any drug therapy could change the composition of a bone. This review, however, will only address those pharmaceuticals used to treat or prevent diseases of bone: fragility fractures in particular, and the way they can alter the composition. As bone is a heterogeneous tissue, its composition must be discussed in terms of the chemical makeup, properties of its chemical constituents and their distributions in the ever-changing bone matrix. Emphasis, in this review, is placed on changes in composition as a function of age and various diseases of bone, particularly osteoporosis. It is suggested that while some of the antiosteoporotic drugs can and do modify composition, their positive effects on bone strength may be balanced by negative ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele L Boskey
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, affiliated with Weill Medical College of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA ; Department of Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA
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42
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McElderry JDP, Zhu P, Mroue KH, Xu J, Pavan B, Fang M, Zhao G, McNerny E, Kohn DH, Franceschi RT, Holl MMB, Tecklenburg MM, Ramamoorthy A, Morris MD. Crystallinity and compositional changes in carbonated apatites: Evidence from 31P solid-state NMR, Raman, and AFM analysis. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2013; 206:10.1016/j.jssc.2013.08.011. [PMID: 24273344 PMCID: PMC3835554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state (magic-angle spinning) NMR spectroscopy is a useful tool for obtaining structural information on bone organic and mineral components and synthetic model minerals at the atomic-level. Raman and 31P NMR spectral parameters were investigated in a series of synthetic B-type carbonated apatites (CAps). Inverse 31P NMR linewidth and inverse Raman PO43- ν1 bandwidth were both correlated with powder XRD c-axis crystallinity over the 0.3-10.3 wt% CO32- range investigated. Comparison with bone powder crystallinities showed agreement with values predicted by NMR and Raman calibration curves. Carbonate content was divided into two domains by the 31P NMR chemical shift frequency and the Raman phosphate ν1 band position. These parameters remain stable except for an abrupt transition at 6.5 wt% carbonate, a composition which corresponds to an average of one carbonate per unit cell. This near-binary distribution of spectroscopic properties was also found in AFM-measured particle sizes and Ca/P molar ratios by elemental analysis. We propose that this transition differentiates between two charge-balancing ion-loss mechanisms as measured by Ca/P ratios. These results define a criterion for spectroscopic characterization of B-type carbonate substitution in apatitic minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peizhi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Kamal H. Mroue
- Department of Chemistry and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Jiadi Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Barbara Pavan
- Department of Chemistry and Science of Advanced Materials Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Ming Fang
- Department of Chemistry and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Guisheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Erin McNerny
- Department of Chemistry School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - David H. Kohn
- Department of Chemistry School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Renny T. Franceschi
- Department of Chemistry School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | | | - Mary M.J. Tecklenburg
- Department of Chemistry and Science of Advanced Materials Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Department of Chemistry and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Michael D. Morris
- Department of Chemistry and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
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43
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Singh C, Rai RK, Sinha N. Experimental aspect of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies of biomaterials such as bones. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2013; 54:18-25. [PMID: 23731548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy is increasingly becoming a popular technique to probe micro-structural details of biomaterial such as bone with pico-meter resolution. Due to high-resolution structural details probed by SSNMR methods, handling of bone samples and experimental protocol are very crucial aspects of study. We present here first report of the effect of various experimental protocols and handling methods of bone samples on measured SSNMR parameters. Various popular SSNMR experiments were performed on intact cortical bone sample collected from fresh animal, immediately after removal from animal systems, and results were compared with bone samples preserved in different conditions. We find that the best experimental conditions for SSNMR parameters of bones correspond to preservation at -20 °C and in 70% ethanol solution. Various other SSNMR parameters were compared corresponding to different experimental conditions. Our study has helped in finding best experimental protocol for SSNMR studies of bone. This study will be of further help in the application of SSNMR studies on large bone disease related animal model systems for statistically significant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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44
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Turunen MJ, Prantner V, Jurvelin JS, Kröger H, Isaksson H. Composition and microarchitecture of human trabecular bone change with age and differ between anatomical locations. Bone 2013; 54:118-25. [PMID: 23388419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The microarchitecture of trabecular bone adapts to its mechanical loading environment according to Wolff's law and alters with age. Trabecular bone is a metabolically active tissue, thus, its molecular composition and microarchitecture may vary between anatomical locations as a result of the local mechanical loading environment. No comprehensive comparison of composition and microarchitecture of trabecular bone in different anatomical locations has been conducted. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the molecular composition and microarchitecture, evaluated with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy and micro-computed tomography (μCT), respectively, in the femoral neck, greater trochanter and calcaneus of human cadavers. Specimens were harvested from 20 male human cadavers (aged 17-82 years) with no known metabolic bone diseases. Significant differences were found in composition and microarchitecture of trabecular bone between the anatomical locations. Compositional differences were primarily observed between the calcaneus and the proximal femur sites. Mineralization was higher in the greater trochanter than in the calcaneus (+2%, p<0.05) and crystallinity was lowest in the calcaneus (-24%, p<0.05 as compared to the femoral neck). Variation in the composition of trabecular bone within different parts of the proximal femur was only minor. Collagen maturity was significantly lower in greater trochanter than in femoral neck (-8%, p<0.01) and calcaneus (-5%, p<0.05). The greater trochanter possessed a less dense trabecular bone microarchitecture compared to femoral neck or calcaneus. Age related changes were mainly found in the greater trochanter. Significant correlations were found between the composition and microarchitecture of trabecular bone in the greater trochanter and calcaneus, indicating that both composition and microarchitecture alter similarly. This study provides new information about composition and microarchitecture of trabecular bone in different anatomical locations and their alterations with age with respect to the anatomical loading environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael J Turunen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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45
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Burket JC, Brooks DJ, MacLeay JM, Baker SP, Boskey AL, van der Meulen MC. Variations in nanomechanical properties and tissue composition within trabeculae from an ovine model of osteoporosis and treatment. Bone 2013; 52:326-36. [PMID: 23092698 PMCID: PMC3612543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and treatment may affect both composition and nanomechanical properties and their spatial distributions within the individual trabeculae of cancellous bone at length scales that cannot be captured by bulk measurements. This study utilized 25 mature adult ewes divided into 5 treatment groups. Four treatment groups were given a dietary model for human high-turnover osteoporosis, and two of these were treated with antiresorptive drugs, either zoledronate (ZOL) or raloxifene (RAL), to examine their effects on bulk tissue properties and nanoscale tissue composition and mechanical properties within trabeculae. Treatment effects were most pronounced at the nanoscale, where RAL increased indentation modulus and hardness throughout trabeculae by 10% relative to the osteoporosis model. In comparison, ZOL increased these properties exclusively at the surfaces of trabeculae (indentation modulus +12%, hardness +16%). Nanomechanical alterations correlated with changes in tissue mineralization, carbonate substitution, crystallinity, and aligned collagen. Despite only minimal changes in bulk tissue tBMD, the nanomechanical improvements within trabeculae with both treatments greatly improved the predicted theoretical bending stiffness of individual trabeculae when idealized as cylindrical struts. Hence, small tissue-level alterations in critical locations for resisting trabecular failure could account for some of the discrepancy between the large reductions in fracture risk and the only modest changes in BMD with antiresorptive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme C. Burket
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Daniel J. Brooks
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Jennifer M. MacLeay
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Shefford P. Baker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Adele L. Boskey
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Graduate Program in Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Marjolein C.H. van der Meulen
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA
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Falgayrac G, Cortet B, Devos O, Barbillat J, Pansini V, Cotten A, Pasquier G, Migaud H, Penel G. Comparison of two-dimensional fast Raman imaging versus point-by-point acquisition mode for human bone characterization. Anal Chem 2012; 84:9116-23. [PMID: 22994270 DOI: 10.1021/ac301758y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent technical developments gave rise to a new technology for two-dimensional fast Raman imaging: the DuoScan averaging mode (DS-Avg). This technology allows the acquisition of a Raman spectrum over a rastered macro spot. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interest of the DS-Avg applied on trabecular human bone. The evaluation was based on the comparison of the DS-Avg versus the point-by-point mapping mode in real usage conditions. The signal-to-noise ratio, the spectral difference, and the physicochemical parameters were estimated for comparison of the efficiency of both modes. Principal component analysis was performed to explore the capacity of both modes to detect compositional variations. Results showed that the DS-Avg spectrum was equivalent to the average spectrum of individual spectra acquired with the point-by-point mode for the same sample area. The physicochemical parameters can be also determined from DS-Avg acquisition. The DS-Avg combined with an objective ×50 allows a drastic decrease of the acquisition time, but the information about the micrometric composition is lost. The combination of the DS-Avg with an objective ×100 is a good compromise between acquisition time and resolution. The DS-Avg is a useful technology for imaging mineral and organic phases of bones and for assessing their spatial distribution on large samples. The point-by-point imaging mode is more appropriate to assess the heterogeneous composition of bone within the micrometer scale. For the first time, this study compares the DuoScan averaging mode to the point-by-point imaging mode on a trabecular human bone.
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Kim G, Boskey AL, Baker SP, van der Meulen MCH. Improved prediction of rat cortical bone mechanical behavior using composite beam theory to integrate tissue level properties. J Biomech 2012; 45:2784-90. [PMID: 23021607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tissue level characteristics of bone can be measured by nanoindentation and microspectroscopy, but are challenging to translate to whole bone mechanical behavior in this hierarchically structured material. The current study calculated weighted section moduli from microCT attenuation values based on tissue level relationships (Z(lin,a) and Z(lin,b)) between mineralization and material properties to predict whole bone mechanical behavior. Z(lin,a) was determined using the equation of the best fit linear regression between indentation modulus from nanoindentation and mineral:matrix ratio from Raman spectroscopy. To better represent the modulus of unmineralized tissue, a second linear regression with the intercept fixed at 0 was used to calculate Z(lin,b). The predictive capability of the weighted section moduli calculated using a tissue level relationship was compared with average tissue level properties and weighted section moduli calculated using an apparent level relationship (Z(exp)) between Young's Modulus and mineralization. A range of bone mineralization was created using vitamin D deficiency in growing rats. After 10 weeks, left femurs were scanned using microCT and tested to failure in 3 point bending. Contralateral limbs were used for co-localized tissue level mechanical properties by nanoindentation and compositional measurements by Raman microspectroscopy. Vitamin D deficiency reduced whole bone stiffness and strength by ∼35% and ∼30%, respectively, but only reduced tissue mineral density by ∼10% compared with Controls. Average tissue level properties did not correlate with whole bone mechanical behavior while Z(lin,a), Z(lin,b), and Z(exp) predicted 54%, 66%, and 80% of the failure moment respectively. This study demonstrated that in a model for varying mineralization, the composite beam model in this paper is an improved method to extrapolate tissue level data to macro-scale mechanical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Kim
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Turunen MJ, Saarakkala S, Helminen HJ, Jurvelin JS, Isaksson H. Age-related changes in organization and content of the collagen matrix in rabbit cortical bone. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:435-42. [PMID: 21882239 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The organization and composition of the collagen matrix of cortical bone changes as the bone matures due to growth and mechanical loading. We aimed to investigate the composition and organization of the collagen matrix in rabbit cortical bone during maturation using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy and polarized light microscopy (PLM). FTIR and PLM findings were compared to biochemical analysis from an earlier study. Mid-diaphyseal samples from left femora of female New Zealand White rabbits were used. The animal age ranged from newborn to 18-month old (5 age groups, n = 10 per group). The bones had earlier been decalcified and evaluated with biochemistry. In this study, collagen content, orientation, collagen cross-linking and spatial heterogeneity of all parameters was evaluated. Similar results were obtained when collagen content was evaluated with FTIR and PLM compared to the collagen content assessed with BA. Collagen content, orientation and collagen maturity increased significantly until the age of 3 months and remained similar thereafter. Simultaneously, spatial heterogeneity of the measured parameters decreased. Based on these findings, it seems that the collagen matrix of rabbit bone attains its mature state around 3 months of age, which is before the overall skeletal maturity is reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael J Turunen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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