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Laskou A, Znalesniak EB, Harder S, Schlüter H, Jechorek D, Langer K, Strecker C, Matthes C, Tchaikovski SN, Hoffmann W. Different Forms of TFF3 in the Human Endocervix, including a Complex with IgG Fc Binding Protein (FCGBP), and Further Aspects of the Cervico-Vaginal Innate Immune Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2287. [PMID: 38396964 PMCID: PMC10888570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
TFF3 is a typical secretory poplypeptide of mucous epithelia belonging to the trefoil factor family (TFF) of lectins. In the intestine, respiratory tract, and saliva, TFF3 mainly exists as a high-molecular-mass complex with IgG Fc binding protein (FCGBP), which is indicative of a role in mucosal innate immunity. For the first time, we identified different forms of TFF3 in the endocervix, i.e., monomeric and homodimeric TFF3, as well as a high-molecular-mass TFF3-FCGBP complex; the latter also exists in a hardly soluble form. Immunohistochemistry co-localized TFF3 and FCGBP. Expression analyses of endocervical and post-menopausal vaginal specimens revealed a lack of mucin and TFF3 transcripts in the vaginal specimens. In contrast, genes encoding other typical components of the innate immune defense were expressed in both the endocervix and vagina. Of note, FCGBP is possibly fucosylated. Endocervical specimens from transgender individuals after hormonal therapy showed diminished expression, particularly of FCGBP. Furthermore, mucus swabs from the endocervix and vagina were analyzed concerning TFF3, FCGBP, and lysozyme. It was the aim of this study to illuminate several aspects of the cervico-vaginal innate immune barrier, which is clinically relevant as bacterial and viral infections are also linked to infertility, pre-term birth and cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Laskou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eva B. Znalesniak
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Harder
- Section Mass Spectrometric Proteomics, Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Section Mass Spectrometric Proteomics, Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dörthe Jechorek
- Institute of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Langer
- Institute of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carina Strecker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Gerhart-Hauptmann-Str. 35, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Matthes
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Gerhart-Hauptmann-Str. 35, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Svetlana N. Tchaikovski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Gerhart-Hauptmann-Str. 35, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Werner Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Medeiros MCD, The S, Bellile E, Russo N, Schmitd L, Danella E, Singh P, Banerjee R, Bassis C, Murphy GR, Sartor MA, Lombaert I, Schmidt TM, Eisbruch A, Murdoch-Kinch CA, Rozek L, Wolf GT, Li G, Chen GY, D'Silva NJ. Salivary microbiome changes distinguish response to chemoradiotherapy in patients with oral cancer. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:268. [PMID: 38037123 PMCID: PMC10687843 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01677-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is associated with oral microbial dysbiosis. In this unique study, we compared pre- to post-treatment salivary microbiome in patients with SCC by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and examined how microbiome changes correlated with the expression of an anti-microbial protein. RESULTS Treatment of SCC was associated with a reduction in overall bacterial richness and diversity. There were significant changes in the microbial community structure, including a decrease in the abundance of Porphyromonaceae and Prevotellaceae and an increase in Lactobacillaceae. There were also significant changes in the microbial community structure before and after treatment with chemoradiotherapy, but not with surgery alone. In patients treated with chemoradiotherapy alone, several bacterial populations were differentially abundant between responders and non-responders before and after therapy. Microbiome changes were associated with a change in the expression of DMBT1, an anti-microbial protein in human saliva. Additionally, we found that salivary DMBT1, which increases after treatment, could serve as a post-treatment salivary biomarker that links to microbial changes. Specifically, post-treatment increases in human salivary DMBT1 correlated with increased abundance of Gemella spp., Pasteurellaceae spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Oribacterium spp. This is the first longitudinal study to investigate treatment-associated changes (chemoradiotherapy and surgery) in the oral microbiome in patients with SCC along with changes in expression of an anti-microbial protein in saliva. CONCLUSIONS The composition of the oral microbiota may predict treatment responses; salivary DMBT1 may have a role in modulating the oral microbiome in patients with SCC. After completion of treatment, 6 months after diagnosis, patients had a less diverse and less rich oral microbiome. Leptotrichia was a highly prevalent bacteria genus associated with disease. Expression of DMBT1 was higher after treatment and associated with microbiome changes, the most prominent genus being Gemella Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcell Costa de Medeiros
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Ave, Room G018, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - Stephanie The
- Cancer Data Science Shared Resource, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emily Bellile
- Cancer Data Science Shared Resource, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nickole Russo
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Ave, Room G018, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - Ligia Schmitd
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Ave, Room G018, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - Erika Danella
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Ave, Room G018, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Ave, Room G018, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - Rajat Banerjee
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Ave, Room G018, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - Christine Bassis
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 331248109, USA
| | - George R Murphy
- Biologic and Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maureen A Sartor
- Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Isabelle Lombaert
- Biologic and Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas M Schmidt
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Avi Eisbruch
- Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carol Anne Murdoch-Kinch
- Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 1011 North Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Laura Rozek
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gregory T Wolf
- Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gen Li
- Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Grace Y Chen
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 331248109, USA.
| | - Nisha J D'Silva
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Ave, Room G018, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA.
- Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Lu X, Xu H, Shan L, Gao J, Tong J. DMBT1 Alleviates Nasal Airway Inflammatory Response in the LPS-Induced Nasal Polyp Model. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2023; 184:808-813. [PMID: 37232026 DOI: 10.1159/000529172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanism of deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (DMBT1) protein on the mouse model of nasal polyps. METHODS The mouse model of nasal polyps was induced by intranasal drip intervention of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 3 times a week for 12 weeks. A total of 42 mice were randomly divided into blank group, LPS group, and LPS+DMBT1 group. DMBT1 protein was applied by intranasal drip intervention in each nostril after LPS. After 12 weeks, 5 mice in each group were randomly picked for the mouse olfactory disorder experiment, 3 mice were randomly picked for histopathological observation of nasal mucosa, 3 mice for olfactory marker protein (OMP) immunofluorescence analysis and the last 3 mice were grabbed for nasal lavage, and the levels of cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) in the nasal lavage fluid were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Compared with the blank group, mice in LPS group had olfactory dysfunction, the level of OMP was significantly reduced, the nasal mucosa was swollen, discontinuous, and contained a large number of inflammatory cells. The levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and PI3K in the nasal lavage fluid were significantly increased in LPS group (p < 0.01). Compared with the LPS group, the number of mice with olfactory dysfunction in the LPS+DMBT1 group was less, the infiltration of inflammatory cells was reduced, the OMP-positive cells were significantly increased, and the IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and PI3K in the nasal lavage fluid were significantly increased, p < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS DMBT1 protein alleviates the nasal airway inflammatory response in the mouse nasal polyp model, and the mechanism may be through the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - He Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Shan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfeng Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Tong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wang Y, Huang J, Zhang J, Wang F, Tang X. Identifying biomarkers associated with the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis via bioinformatics and machine learning. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:10741-10756. [PMID: 37322958 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic inflammatory disease with an increasing incidence. This study aimed to identify potential UC biomarkers and associated immune infiltration characteristics. METHODS Two datasets (GSE87473 and GSE92415) were merged to obtain 193 UC samples and 42 normal samples. Using R, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between UC and normal samples were filtered out, and their biological functions were investigated using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. Promising biomarkers were identified using least absolute shrinkage selector operator regression and support vector machine recursive feature elimination, and their diagnostic efficacy was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Finally, CIBERSORT was used to investigate the immune infiltration characteristics in UC, and the relationship between the identified biomarkers and various immune cells was examined. RESULTS We found 102 DEGs, of which 64 were significantly upregulated, and 38 were significantly downregulated. The DEGs were enriched in pathways associated with interleukin-17, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and viral protein interactions with cytokines and cytokine receptors, among others. Using machine learning methods and ROC tests, we confirmed DUOX2, DMBT1, CYP2B7P, PITX2 and DEFB1 to be essential diagnostic genes for UC. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that all five diagnostic genes were correlated with regulatory T cells, CD8 T cells, activated and resting memory CD4 T cells, activated natural killer cells, neutrophils, activated and resting mast cells, activated and resting dendritic cells and M0, M1 and M2 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS DUOX2, DMBT1, CYP2B7P, PITX2 and DEFB1 were identified as prospective biomarkers for UC. A new perspective on understanding the progression of UC may be provided by these biomarkers and their relationship with immune cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuedan Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jinke Huang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
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Weste J, Houben T, Harder S, Schlüter H, Lücke E, Schreiber J, Hoffmann W. Different Molecular Forms of TFF3 in the Human Respiratory Tract: Heterodimerization with IgG Fc Binding Protein (FCGBP) and Proteolytic Cleavage in Bronchial Secretions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315359. [PMID: 36499686 PMCID: PMC9737082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The polypeptide TFF3 belongs to the trefoil factor family (TFF) of lectins. TFF3 is typically secreted from mucous epithelia together with mucins. Both intestinal and salivary TFF3 mainly exist as disulfide-linked heterodimers with IgG Fc binding protein (FCGBP). Here, we investigated bronchial tissue specimens, bronchial secretions, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from patients with a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) background by fast protein liquid chromatography and proteomics. For the first time, we identified different molecular forms of TFF3 in the lung. The high-molecular mass form represents TFF3-FCGBP oligomers, whereas the low-molecular mass forms are homodimeric and monomeric TFF3 with possibly anti-apoptotic activities. In addition, disulfide-linked TFF3 heterodimers with an Mr of about 60k and 30k were detected in both bronchial secretions and BAL fluid. In these liquids, TFF3 is partly N-terminally truncated probably by neutrophil elastase cleavage. TFF3-FCGBP is likely involved in the mucosal innate immune defense against microbial infections. We discuss a hypothetical model how TFF3 might control FCGBP oligomerization. Furthermore, we did not find indications for interactions of TFF3-FCGBP with DMBT1gp340 or the mucin MUC5AC, glycoproteins involved in mucosal innate immunity. Surprisingly, bronchial MUC5AC appeared to be degraded when compared with gastric MUC5AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Weste
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Till Houben
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Harder
- Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Lücke
- Department of Pneumology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jens Schreiber
- Department of Pneumology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Werner Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Profiling of the Bacterial Microbiota along the Murine Alimentary Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031783. [PMID: 35163705 PMCID: PMC8836272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, the spatial distribution of the bacterial flora along the murine alimentary tract was evaluated using high throughput sequencing in wild-type and Tff3-deficient (Tff3KO) animals. Loss of Tff3 was linked to increased dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. This systematic study shows the results of 13 different regions from the esophagus to the rectum. The number of bacterial species (richness) increased from the esophagus to the rectum, from 50 to 200, respectively. Additionally, the bacterial community structure changed continuously; the highest changes were between the upper/middle and lower gastrointestinal compartments when comparing adjacent regions. Lactobacillus was the major colonizer in the upper/middle gastrointestinal tract, especially in the esophagus and stomach. From the caecum, a drastic diminution of Lactobacillus occurred, while members of Lachnospiraceae significantly increased. A significant change occurred in the bacterial community between the ascending and the transverse colon with Bacteroidetes being the major colonizers with relative constant abundance until the rectum. Interestingly, wild-type and Tff3KO animals did not show significant differences in their bacterial communities, suggesting that Tff3 is not involved in alterations of intraluminal or adhesive microbiota but is obviously important for mucosal protection, e.g., of the sensitive stem cells in the colonic crypts probably by a mucus plume.
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Transcriptome Analysis of Pterygium and Pinguecula Reveals Evidence of Genomic Instability Associated with Chronic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112090. [PMID: 34769520 PMCID: PMC8584501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar damage due to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is implicated in the development of two proliferative lesions of the ocular surface: pterygium and pinguecula. Pterygium and pinguecula specimens were collected, along with adjacent healthy conjunctiva specimens. RNA was extracted and sequenced. Pairwise comparisons were made of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Computational methods were used for analysis. Transcripts from 18,630 genes were identified. Comparison of two subgroups of pterygium specimens uncovered evidence of genomic instability associated with inflammation and the immune response; these changes were also observed in pinguecula, but to a lesser extent. Among the top DEGs were four genes encoding tumor suppressors that were downregulated in pterygium: C10orf90, RARRES1, DMBT1 and SCGB3A1; C10orf90 and RARRES1 were also downregulated in pinguecula. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis overwhelmingly linked DEGs to cancer for both lesions; however, both lesions are clearly still benign, as evidenced by the expression of other genes indicating their well-differentiated and non-invasive character. Pathways for epithelial cell proliferation were identified that distinguish the two lesions, as well as genes encoding specific pathway components. Upregulated DEGs common to both lesions, including KRT9 and TRPV3, provide a further insight into pathophysiology. Our findings suggest that pterygium and pinguecula, while benign lesions, are both on the pathological pathway towards neoplastic transformation.
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No effect of deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 deficiency on chemotherapy induced murine intestinal mucositis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14687. [PMID: 34282203 PMCID: PMC8289998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94076-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucositis is a serious adverse effect of chemotherapeutic treatment. During intestinal mucositis, the mucosal barrier is compromised, increasing the risk of severe infections. Mucositis necessitates dose reduction or pauses in treatment, which affect the outcome of the treatment. Deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (DMBT1) is a secreted scavenger protein with effects on innate immunity and epithelial regeneration. We have previously shown that jejunal DMBT1 expression is increased in piglets during chemotherapeutic treatment. We hypothesized that DMBT1 ameliorates doxorubicin-induced mucositis. Individually-caged Dmbt1+/+ (WT) and Dmbt1-/- (KO) female mouse littermates received intraperitoneal injections of either doxorubicin or saline. They were euthanized after three (D3) or seven days (D7). Weight loss was monitored every day, and serum citrulline levels were measured at termination. Intestinal tissue was analyzed for the expression of DMBT1 and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF). Specimens from the small intestines and colon were scored for inflammation and epithelial and mucosal architecture changes. We detected no effect of DMBT1 on weight loss, serum citrulline levels, expression of proinflammatory cytokines, or histologic damage. We detected a significant increase in crypt depth in WT mice compared to that in KO mice on D3. In conclusion, DMBT1 does not affect doxorubicin-induced mucositis in mice.
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Lee HS, Gonzalez-Gil A, Drake V, Li TA, Schnaar RL, Kim J. Induction of the endogenous sialoglycan ligand for eosinophil death receptor Siglec-8 in chronic rhinosinusitis with hyperplastic nasal polyposis. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1026-1036. [PMID: 33755113 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Siglec-8, an immune-inhibitory sialoglycan binding lectin (S8), is expressed on the surface of eosinophils and mast cells, potent mediators of allergic inflammation. When S8 engages endogenous sialoglycan ligands, eosinophils undergo apoptosis and mast cell mediator release is inhibited. In the human airway, Siglec-8 ligands (S8L) are sialylated keratan sulfate chains carried on isoforms of the protein Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumors-1 (DMBT1), an immunoregulatory protein that we recently identified as the endogenous ligand for S8, DMBT1S8. We herein report that S8L is overexpressed in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), a prevalent eosinophilic laden airway disease. Quantification and comparison of the degree to which DMBT1 carries the S8L by immunoblot analysis and lectin blot overlay, respectively, from nasal lavage showed that the S8L/DMBT1 ratio was significantly increased in CRSwNP vs control or CRS patients. We identified the histological sites of S8L and DMBT1 expression in fresh surgically resected human nasal polyps. Histochemistry of diseased polyps and adjacent non-diseased middle turbinate tissue from CRSwNP demonstrated colocalization of S8L and DMBT1 with highest staining in submucosal glands >> epithelium > stoma. S8L expression was specifically elevated in the submucosal glands and epithelium of polyp tissue compared to middle turbinate. We hypothesize that expression of the isoform of DMBT1 carrying the Siglec-8 binding sialoglycan, DMBT1S8, is induced in polyps of CRSwNP specifically at the site of disease, is produced in the submucosal glands of polyps and secreted into the lumen of the sinonasal cavity as a host response to mitigate eosinophil-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sil Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
| | - Anabel Gonzalez-Gil
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Virginia Drake
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
| | - T August Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Jean Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
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Gonzalez-Gil A, Li TA, Porell RN, Fernandes SM, Tarbox HE, Lee HS, Aoki K, Tiemeyer M, Kim J, Schnaar RL. Isolation, identification, and characterization of the human airway ligand for the eosinophil and mast cell immunoinhibitory receptor Siglec-8. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:1442-1452. [PMID: 32791164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunoinhibitory receptor Siglec-8 on the surface of human eosinophils and mast cells binds to sialic acid-containing ligands in the local milieu, resulting in eosinophil apoptosis, inhibition of mast cell degranulation, and suppression of inflammation. Siglec-8 ligands were found on postmortem human trachea and bronchi and on upper airways in 2 compartments, cartilage and submucosal glands, but they were surprisingly absent from the epithelium. We hypothesized that Siglec-8 ligands in submucosal glands and ducts are normally transported to the airway mucus layer, which is lost during tissue preparation. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to identify the major Siglec-8 sialoglycan ligand on the mucus layer of human airways. METHODS Human upper airway mucus layer proteins were recovered during presurgical nasal lavage of patients at a sinus clinic. Proteins were resolved by gel electrophoresis and blotted, and Siglec-8 ligands detected. Ligands were purified by size exclusion and affinity chromatography, identified by proteomic mass spectrometry, and validated by electrophoretic and histochemical colocalization. The affinity of Siglec-8 binding to purified human airway ligand was determined by inhibition of glycan binding. RESULTS A Siglec-8-ligand with a molecular weight of approximately 1000 kDa was found in all patient nasal lavage samples. Purification and identification revealed deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (DMBT1) (also known by the aliases GP340 and SALSA), a large glycoprotein with multiple O-glycosylation repeats. Immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme treatments confirmed that Siglec-8 ligand on the human airway mucus layer is an isoform of DMBT1 carrying O-linked sialylated keratan sulfate chains (DMBT1S8). Quantitative inhibition revealed that DMBT1S8 has picomolar affinity for Siglec-8. CONCLUSION A distinct DMBT1 isoform, DMBT1S8, is the major high-avidity ligand for Siglec-8 on human airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Gonzalez-Gil
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - T August Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Ryan N Porell
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Steve M Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Haley E Tarbox
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Hyun Sil Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga
| | - Jean Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
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