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Li C, An Q, Jin Y, Jiang Z, Li M, Wu X, Dang H. Identification of oxidative stress-related diagnostic markers and immune infiltration features for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by bibliometrics and bioinformatics. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1356825. [PMID: 39165378 PMCID: PMC11333355 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1356825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) garners considerable attention due to its high fatality rate and profound impact on quality of life. Our study conducts a comprehensive literature review on IPF using bibliometric analysis to explore existing hot research topics, and identifies novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for IPF using bioinformatics analysis. Publications related to IPF from 2013 to 2023 were searched on the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Data analysis and visualization were conducted using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software primarily. The gene expression profiles GSE24206 and GSE53845 were employed as the training dataset. The GSE110147 dataset was employed as the validation dataset. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed genes related to oxidative stress (DEOSGs) between IPF and normal samples. Then, we conducted Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. The hub genes were screened by protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and machine learning algorithms. The CIBERSORT was used to analyze the immune infiltration of 22 kinds of immune cells. Finally, we conducted the expression and validation of hub genes. The diagnostic efficacy of hub genes was evaluated by employing Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and the associations between hub genes and immune cells were analyzed. A total of 6,500 articles were identified, and the annual number of articles exhibited an upward trend. The United States emerged as the leading contributor in terms of publication count, institutional affiliations, highly cited articles, and prolific authorship. According to co-occurrence analysis, oxidative stress and inflammation are hot topics in IPF research. A total of 1,140 DEGs were identified, and 72 genes were classified as DEOSGs. By employing PPI network analysis and machine learning algorithms, PON2 and TLR4 were identified as hub genes. A total of 10 immune cells exhibited significant differences between IPF and normal samples. PON2 and TLR4, as oxidative stress-related genes, not only exhibit high diagnostic efficacy but also show close associations with immune cells. In summary, our study highlights oxidative stress and inflammation are hot topics in IPF research. Oxidative stress and immune cells play a vital role in the pathogenesis of IPF. Our findings suggest the potential of PON2 and TLR4 as novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Graduate School, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Qing An
- Graduate School, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Graduate School, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Zefei Jiang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Meihe Li
- Department of Renal Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huimin Dang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Zhu W, Liu C, Tan C, Zhang J. Predictive biomarkers of disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23543. [PMID: 38173501 PMCID: PMC10761784 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial disease that cannot be cured, and treatment options for IPF are very limited. Early diagnosis, close monitoring of disease progression, and timely treatment are therefore the best options for patients due to the irreversibility of IPF. Effective markers help doctors judge the development and prognosis of disease. Recent research on traditional biomarkers (KL-6, SP-D, MMP-7, TIMPs, CCL18) has provided novel ideas for predicting disease progression and prognosis. Some emerging biomarkers (HE4, GDF15, PRDX4, inflammatory cells, G-CSF) also provide more possibilities for disease prediction. In addition to markers in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), some improvements related to the GAP model and chest HRCT also show good predictive ability for disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Chunquan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Chunting Tan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
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Differences in Treatment Response in Bronchial Epithelial Cells from Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) Patients: A First Step towards Personalized Medicine? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020443. [PMID: 36830000 PMCID: PMC9952618 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has a detrimental prognosis despite antifibrotic therapies to which individual responses vary. IPF pathology is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and increased activation of SRC family kinases (SFK). This pilot study evaluates individual responses to pirfenidone, nintedanib and SFK inhibitor saracatinib, markers of redox homeostasis, fibrosis and inflammation, in IPF-derived human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. Differentiated HBE cells from patients with and without IPF were analyzed for potential alterations in redox and profibrotic genes and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Additionally, the effects of pirfenidone, nintedanib and saracatinib on these markers were determined. HBE cells were differentiated into a bronchial epithelium containing ciliated epithelial, basal, goblet and club cells. NOX4 expression was increased in IPF-derived HBE cells but differed on an individual level. In patients with higher NOX4 expression, pirfenidone induced antioxidant gene expression. All drugs significantly decreased NOX4 expression. IL-6 (p = 0.09) and IL-8 secretion (p = 0.014) were increased in IPF-derived HBE cells and significantly reduced by saracatinib. Finally, saracatinib significantly decreased TGF-β gene expression. Our results indicate that treatment responsiveness varies between IPF patients in relation to their oxidative and inflammatory status. Interestingly, saracatinib tends to be more effective in IPF than standard antifibrotic drugs.
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Herrera JA, Dingle L, Montero MA, Venkateswaran RV, Blaikley JF, Lawless C, Schwartz MA. The UIP/IPF fibroblastic focus is a collagen biosynthesis factory embedded in a distinct extracellular matrix. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e156115. [PMID: 35852874 PMCID: PMC9462507 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is a histological pattern characteristic of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The UIP pattern is patchy with histologically normal lung adjacent to dense fibrotic tissue. At this interface, fibroblastic foci (FF) are present and are sites where myofibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulate. Utilizing laser capture microdissection-coupled mass spectrometry, we interrogated the FF, adjacent mature scar, and adjacent alveoli in 6 fibrotic (UIP/IPF) specimens plus 6 nonfibrotic alveolar specimens as controls. The data were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis and histologically validated. We found that the fibrotic alveoli protein signature is defined by immune deregulation as the strongest category. The fibrotic mature scar classified as end-stage fibrosis whereas the FF contained an overabundance of a distinctive ECM compared with the nonfibrotic control. Furthermore, FF were positive for both TGFB1 and TGFB3, whereas the aberrant basaloid cell lining of FF was predominantly positive for TGFB2. In conclusion, spatial proteomics demonstrated distinct protein compositions in the histologically defined regions of UIP/IPF tissue. These data revealed that FF are the main site of collagen biosynthesis and that the adjacent alveoli are abnormal. This essential information will inform future mechanistic studies on fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lewis Dingle
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M. Angeles Montero
- Department of Histopathology, Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rajamiyer V. Venkateswaran
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Transplant, Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John F. Blaikley
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Transplant, Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin A. Schwartz
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center and
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Fukumoto J, Lin M, Banday MM, Patil SS, Krishnamurthy S, Breitzig M, Soundararajan R, Galam L, Narala VR, Johns C, Patel K, Dunning J, Lockey RF, Sharma NS, Kolliputi N. Aberrant Expression of ACO1 in Vasculatures Parallels Progression of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:890380. [PMID: 35910393 PMCID: PMC9335372 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.890380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. However, details about the non-mitochondrial enzymes that sustain the proliferative nature of IPF are unclear. Aconitases are a family of enzymes that sustain metabolism inside and outside mitochondria. It is hypothesized that aconitase 1 (ACO1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IPF given that ACO1 represents an important metabolic hub in the cytoplasm. Objectives: To determine if ACO1 expression in IPF lungs shows specific patterns that may be important in the pathogenesis of IPF. To determine the similarities and differences in ACO1 expression in IPF, bleomycin-treated, and aging lungs. Methods: ACO1 expression in IPF lungs were characterized and compared to non-IPF controls by western blotting, immunostaining, and enzymatic activity assay. ACO1-expressing cell types were identified by multicolor immunostaining. Using similar methods, the expression profiles of ACO1 in IPF lungs versus bleomycin-treated and aged mice were investigated. Measurements and main results: Lower lobes of IPF lungs, unlike non-IPF controls, exhibit significantly high levels of ACO1. Most of the signals colocalize with von Willebrand factor (vWF), a lineage marker for vascular endothelial cells. Bleomycin-treated lungs also show high ACO1 expressions. However, most of the signals colocalize with E-cadherin and/or prosurfactant protein C, representative epithelial cell markers, in remodeled areas. Conclusions: A characteristic ACO1 expression profile observed in IPF vasculatures may be a promising diagnostic target. It also may give clues as to how de novo angiogenesis contributes to the irreversible nature of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutaro Fukumoto
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Muling Lin
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Mudassir Meraj Banday
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sahebgowda Sidramagowda Patil
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Sudarshan Krishnamurthy
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Mason Breitzig
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ramani Soundararajan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Lakshmi Galam
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Venkata Ramireddy Narala
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Zoology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, India
| | - Colleen Johns
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Kapilkumar Patel
- Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Advanced Lung Diseases & Lung Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - John Dunning
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Richard F. Lockey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Nirmal S. Sharma
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Nirmal S. Sharma, ; Narasaiah Kolliputi,
| | - Narasaiah Kolliputi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Nirmal S. Sharma, ; Narasaiah Kolliputi,
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Estornut C, Milara J, Bayarri MA, Belhadj N, Cortijo J. Targeting Oxidative Stress as a Therapeutic Approach for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:794997. [PMID: 35126133 PMCID: PMC8815729 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.794997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease characterized by an abnormal reepithelialisation, an excessive tissue remodelling and a progressive fibrosis within the alveolar wall that are not due to infection or cancer. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a key molecular process in pulmonary fibrosis development and different components of the redox system are altered in the cellular actors participating in lung fibrosis. To this respect, several activators of the antioxidant machinery and inhibitors of the oxidant species and pathways have been assayed in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models and in different clinical trials. This review discusses the role of oxidative stress in the development and progression of IPF and its underlying mechanisms as well as the evidence of oxidative stress in human IPF. Finally, we analyze the mechanism of action, the efficacy and the current status of different drugs developed to inhibit the oxidative stress as anti-fibrotic therapy in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Estornut
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Estornut, ; Javier Milara,
| | - Javier Milara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Pharmacy Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Estornut, ; Javier Milara,
| | - María Amparo Bayarri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nada Belhadj
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Cortijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Pharmacy Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
- Research and Teaching Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
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Yamamoto Y, Miki K, Tsujino K, Kuge T, Okabe F, Kawasaki T, Matsuki T, Kagawa H, Miki M, Kida H. Oscillometry and computed tomography findings in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00391-2020. [PMID: 33344627 PMCID: PMC7737428 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00391-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the utility of oscillometry for predicting disease severity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) had been researched, little has been reported on the mechanism of why respiratory impedance reflects disease severity. In addition, traction bronchiectasis has been considered to reduce respiratory resistance and correlate negatively with airflow obstruction, but this hypothesis has not been validated. The present study aimed to investigate the correlations between oscillometric parameters and fibrosis-related lung abnormalities in IPF and to assess the utility of oscillometry as a surrogate marker for traction bronchiectasis and airflow obstruction. Eighty Japanese patients with IPF underwent high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), spirometry, and oscillometry and were retrospectively investigated. Fibrosis-related HRCT findings were scored regarding airspace consolidation, honeycombing, architectural distortion, traction bronchiectasis, and fibrosis. Correlations between the HRCT scores, spirometric parameters, and oscillometric parameters were analysed. Respiratory reactance correlated positively with all fibrosis-related HRCT scores. Vital capacity and forced vital capacity (FVC) correlated negatively with oscillometric parameters and HRCT scores, reflecting the severity of restrictive ventilatory deficiency. Respiratory resistance was not related to any of the HRCT scores or forced expiratory volume in 1 s/FVC. However, forced expiratory volume in 1 s/FVC correlated positively with HRCT scores, which showed that airflow obstruction became milder as the disease progressed. In conclusion, respiratory reactance reflects fibrosis and restrictive ventilatory deficiency in IPF. Moreover, respiratory resistance is independent of traction bronchiectasis and airflow obstruction in patients with IPF, which implies that respiratory resistance might reflect different properties of the airways. Respiratory reactance measured by oscillometry correlates with fibrosis-related computed tomography findings in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Respiratory resistance is independent of traction bronchiectasis and airflow obstruction in IPF.https://bit.ly/36zoGtf
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Yamamoto
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miki
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tsujino
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kuge
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Fukuko Okabe
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawasaki
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsuki
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagawa
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Mari Miki
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
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Derseh HB, Dewage SNV, Perera UE, Koumoundouros E, Pagel CN, Organ L, Snibson KJ. Small airway remodeling in a sheep model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Exp Lung Res 2020; 46:409-419. [PMID: 34346276 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2020.1834015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although IPF is described traditionally as a disease affecting lung parenchyma, there is renewed interest in the alterations in the structure and function of the small airways in both IPF patients, and animal models of pulmonary fibrosis. Small airway remodeling may contribute to the pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis. Given the dearth of knowledge of small airway changes in pulmonary fibrosis, this study aims to assess the structural remodeling, as well as functional changes associated with bleomycin-injured small airways in a sheep model of pulmonary fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two separate lung segments in ten sheep received two challenges of either 3 IU bleomycin, or saline (control), two weeks apart. The animals were euthanized seven weeks after the final bleomycin injury. Airflow resistance in the infused segments was measured with a wedged-bronchoscope procedure. This parameter was measured at baseline before bleomycin/saline-infusion, and at 2-, 4-, and 7-weeks after the final bleomycin-infusion. Inflammation and fibrosis in the airways were assessed by semi-quantitative morphological parameters. The density of blood vessels in the small airway walls was assessed in lung tissue sections immuno-stained with antibodies against collagen type IV. RESULTS There were a number of changes in the distal airways of bleomycin-infused lung segments. Bleomycin exposure significantly elevated airway resistance in these lung segments when compared to saline-infused control lung segments. In the peribronchial and peribronchiolar regions of the small airways, there were significantly increased levels of inflammation, fibrosis, airway wall area, and collagen deposition in bleomycin-infused airways when compared to saline-infused airways. Bronchial blood vessel density was not significantly different between bleomycin-and saline-infused lung segments. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our results indicate that the distal airways are involved in the pathology induced by bleomycin in this sheep model. This suggests that the sheep model may be useful for studying small airway remodeling in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu B Derseh
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sasika N Vithana Dewage
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Udari E Perera
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Charles N Pagel
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Louise Organ
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ken J Snibson
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Otoupalova E, Smith S, Cheng G, Thannickal VJ. Oxidative Stress in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Compr Physiol 2020; 10:509-547. [PMID: 32163196 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked to various disease states as well as physiological aging. The lungs are uniquely exposed to a highly oxidizing environment and have evolved several mechanisms to attenuate oxidative stress. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive age-related disorder that leads to architectural remodeling, impaired gas exchange, respiratory failure, and death. In this article, we discuss cellular sources of oxidant production, and antioxidant defenses, both enzymatic and nonenzymatic. We outline the current understanding of the pathogenesis of IPF and how oxidative stress contributes to fibrosis. Further, we link oxidative stress to the biology of aging that involves DNA damage responses, loss of proteostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We discuss the recent findings on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in specific fibrotic processes such as macrophage polarization and immunosenescence, alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis and senescence, myofibroblast differentiation and senescence, and alterations in the acellular extracellular matrix. Finally, we provide an overview of the current preclinical studies and clinical trials targeting oxidative stress in fibrosis and potential new strategies for future therapeutic interventions. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:509-547, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Otoupalova
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sam Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Guangjie Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Hanaka T, Kido T, Noguchi S, Yamada S, Noguchi H, Guo X, Nawata A, Wang KY, Oda K, Takaki T, Izumi H, Ishimoto H, Yatera K, Mukae H. The overexpression of peroxiredoxin-4 affects the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:265. [PMID: 31888585 PMCID: PMC6936055 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-1032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) is life-threatening. Several serum biomarkers, such as Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) and surfactant protein D (SP-D), are clinically used for evaluating AE-IPF, but these biomarkers are not adequate for establishing an early and accurate diagnosis of AE-IPF. Recently, the protective roles of the members of the peroxiredoxin (PRDX) family have been reported in IPF; however, the role of PRDX4 in AE-IPF is unclear. Methods Serum levels of PRDX4 protein, KL-6, SP-D and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in 51 patients with stable IPF (S-IPF), 38 patients with AE-IPF and 15 healthy volunteers were retrospectively assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, as an animal model of pulmonary fibrosis, wild-type (WT) and PRDX4-transgenic (Tg) mice were intratracheally administered with bleomycin (BLM, 2 mg/kg), and fibrotic and inflammatory changes in lungs were evaluated 3 weeks after the intratracheal administration. Results Serum levels of PRDX4 protein, KL-6, SP-D and LDH in patients with S-IPF and AE-IPF were significantly higher than those in healthy volunteers, and those in AE-IPF patients were the highest among the three groups. Using receiver operating characteristic curves, area under the curve values of serum PRDX4 protein, KL-6, SP-D, and LDH for detecting AE-IPF were 0.873, 0.698, 0.675, and 0.906, respectively. BLM-treated Tg mice demonstrated aggravated histopathological findings and poor prognosis compared with BLM-treated WT mice. Moreover, PRDX4 expression was observed in alveolar macrophages and lung epithelial cells of BLM-treated Tg mice. Conclusions PRDX4 is associated with the aggravation of inflammatory changes and fibrosis in the pathogenesis of IPF, and serum PRDX4 may be useful in clinical practice of IPF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environment Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Kido
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environment Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Shingo Noguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environment Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Sohsuke Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Noguchi
- Department of Pathology, Field of Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Aya Nawata
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Ke-Yong Wang
- Shared-Use Research Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Keishi Oda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environment Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environment Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environment Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
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11
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Elko EA, Cunniff B, Seward DJ, Chia SB, Aboushousha R, van de Wetering C, van der Velden J, Manuel A, Shukla A, Heintz NH, Anathy V, van der Vliet A, Janssen-Heininger YMW. Peroxiredoxins and Beyond; Redox Systems Regulating Lung Physiology and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1070-1091. [PMID: 30799628 PMCID: PMC6767868 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The lung is a unique organ, as it is constantly exposed to air, and thus it requires a robust antioxidant defense system to prevent the potential damage from exposure to an array of environmental insults, including oxidants. The peroxiredoxin (PRDX) family plays an important role in scavenging peroxides and is critical to the cellular antioxidant defense system. Recent Advances: Exciting discoveries have been made to highlight the key features of PRDXs that regulate the redox tone. PRDXs do not act in isolation as they require the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase/NADPH, sulfiredoxin (SRXN1) redox system, and in some cases glutaredoxin/glutathione, for their reduction. Furthermore, the chaperone function of PRDXs, controlled by the oxidation state, demonstrates the versatility in redox regulation and control of cellular biology exerted by this class of proteins. Critical Issues: Despite the long-known observations that redox perturbations accompany a number of pulmonary diseases, surprisingly little is known about the role of PRDXs in the etiology of these diseases. In this perspective, we review the studies that have been conducted thus far to address the roles of PRDXs in lung disease, or experimental models used to study these diseases. Intriguing findings, such as the secretion of PRDXs and the formation of autoantibodies, raise a number of questions about the pathways that regulate secretion, redox status, and immune response to PRDXs. Future Directions: Further understanding of the mechanisms by which individual PRDXs control lung inflammation, injury, repair, chronic remodeling, and cancer, and the importance of PRDX oxidation state, configuration, and client proteins that govern these processes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Elko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Brian Cunniff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - David J Seward
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Shi Biao Chia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Reem Aboushousha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Cheryl van de Wetering
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jos van der Velden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Allison Manuel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Arti Shukla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Nicholas H Heintz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Yvonne M W Janssen-Heininger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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12
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Veith C, Boots AW, Idris M, van Schooten FJ, van der Vliet A. Redox Imbalance in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Role for Oxidant Cross-Talk Between NADPH Oxidase Enzymes and Mitochondria. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1092-1115. [PMID: 30793932 PMCID: PMC6767863 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive age-related lung disease with a median survival of only 3 years after diagnosis. The pathogenic mechanisms behind IPF are not clearly understood, and current therapeutic approaches have not been successful in improving disease outcomes. Recent Advances: IPF is characterized by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), primarily by NADPH oxidases (NOXes) and mitochondria, as well as altered antioxidant defenses. Recent studies have identified the NOX isoform NOX4 as a key player in various important aspects of IPF pathology. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to enhance pathological features of IPF, in part by increasing mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production and altering cellular metabolism. Recent findings indicate reciprocal interactions between NOX enzymes and mitochondria, which affect regulation of NOX activity as well as mitochondrial function and mtROS production, and collectively promote epithelial injury and profibrotic signaling. Critical Issues and Future Directions: The precise molecular mechanisms by which ROS from NOX or mitochondria contribute to IPF pathology are not known. This review summarizes the current knowledge with respect to the various aspects of ROS imbalance in the context of IPF and its proposed roles in disease development, with specific emphasis on the importance of inappropriate NOX activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the emerging evidence of NOX-mitochondria cross-talk as important drivers in IPF pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Veith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Agnes W. Boots
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Musa Idris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Albert van der Vliet, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, HSRF 216, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405
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Melittin Exerts Beneficial Effects on Paraquat-Induced Lung Injuries In Mice by Modifying Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081498. [PMID: 30995821 PMCID: PMC6514788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melittin (MEL) is a 26-amino acid peptide with numerous biological activities. Paraquat (PQ) is one of the most widely used herbicides, although it is extremely toxic to humans. To date, PQ poisoning has no effective treatment, and therefore the current study aimed to assess for the first time the possible effects of MEL on PQ-induced lung injuries in mice. Mice received a single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of PQ (30 mg/kg), followed by IP treatment with MEL (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg) twice per week for four consecutive weeks. Histological alterations, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the lungs were studied. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining indicated that MEL markedly reduced lung injuries induced by PQ. Furthermore, treatment with MEL increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and decreased malonaldehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in lung tissue homogenates. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining showed that B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and survivin expressions were upregulated after MEL treatment, while Ki-67 expression was downregulated. The high dose of MEL was more effective than the low dose in all experiments. In summary, MEL efficiently reduced PQ-induced lung injuries in mice. Specific pharmacological examinations are required to determine the effectiveness of MEL in cases of human PQ poisoning.
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14
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Bortz E, Wu TT, Patel P, Whitelegge JP, Sun R. Proteomics of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Reveals a Lung Oxidative Stress Response in Murine Herpesvirus-68 Infection. Viruses 2018; 10:v10120670. [PMID: 30486363 PMCID: PMC6316452 DOI: 10.3390/v10120670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine herpesvirus-68 (MHV-68) productively infects mouse lungs, exhibiting a complex pathology characteristic of both acute viral infections and chronic respiratory diseases. We sought to discover proteins differentially expressed in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from mice infected with MHV-68. Mice were infected intranasally with MHV-68. After nine days, as the lytic phase of infection resolved, differential BAL proteins were identified by two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Of 23 unique proteins, acute phase proteins, vitamin A transport, and oxidative stress response factors Pdx6 and EC-SOD (Sod3) were enriched. Correspondingly, iNOS2 was induced in lung tissue by seven days post-infection. Oxidative stress was partly a direct result of MHV-68 infection, as reactive oxygen species (ROS) were induced in cultured murine NIH3T3 fibroblasts and human lung A549 cells infected with MHV-68. Finally, mice infected with a recombinant MHV-68 co-expressing inflammatory cytokine murine interleukin 6 (IL6) showed exacerbated oxidative stress and soluble type I collagen characteristic of tissue recovery. Thus, oxidative stress appears to be a salient feature of MHV-68 pathogenesis, in part caused by lytic replication of the virus and IL6. Proteins and small molecules in lung oxidative stress networks therefore may provide new therapeutic targets to ameliorate respiratory virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bortz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA.
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Parthive Patel
- Center for Molecular Biology and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Julian P Whitelegge
- The Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory & the Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Ren Sun
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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15
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Fois AG, Paliogiannis P, Sotgia S, Mangoni AA, Zinellu E, Pirina P, Carru C, Zinellu A. Evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and therapeutic applications: a systematic review. Respir Res 2018; 19:51. [PMID: 29587761 PMCID: PMC5872514 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a fatal lung disease of unknown origin, is characterized by chronic and progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia which progressively impairs lung function. Oxidative stress is one of the main pathogenic pathways in IPF. The aim of this systematic review was to describe the type of markers of oxidative stress identified in different biological specimens and the effects of antioxidant therapies in patients with IPF. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of publications listed in electronic databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar) from inception to October 2017. Two investigators independently reviewed all identified articles to determine eligibility. RESULTS After a substantial proportion of the initially identified articles (n = 554) was excluded because they were duplicates, abstracts, irrelevant, or did not meet the selection criteria, we identified 30 studies. In each study, we critically appraised the type, site (systemic vs. local, e.g. breath, sputum, expired breath condensate, epithelial lining fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage, and lung tissue specimens), and method used for measuring the identified oxidative stress biomarkers. Furthermore, the current knowledge on antioxidant therapies in IPF was summarized. CONCLUSIONS A number of markers of oxidative stress, with individual advantages and limitations, have been described in patients with IPF. Nevertheless, trials of antioxidant treatments have been unable to demonstrate consistent benefits, barring recent pharmacogenomics data suggesting different results in specific genotype subgroups of patients with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro G Fois
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. .,Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital Sassari (AOU), Sassari, Italy.
| | | | - Salvatore Sotgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Elisabetta Zinellu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital Sassari (AOU), Sassari, Italy
| | - Pietro Pirina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital Sassari (AOU), Sassari, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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16
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Prevalence and Effects of Emphysema in Never-Smokers with Rheumatoid Arthritis Interstitial Lung Disease. EBioMedicine 2018; 28:303-310. [PMID: 29422289 PMCID: PMC5835571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) have been linked to the existence of emphysema in never-smokers. We aimed to quantify emphysema prevalence in RA-ILD never-smokers and investigate whether combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) results in a worsened prognosis independent of baseline disease extent. METHODS RA-ILD patients presenting to the Royal Brompton Hospital (n=90) and Asan Medical Center (n=155) had CT's evaluated for a definite usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern, and visual extents of emphysema and ILD. RESULTS Emphysema, identified in 31/116 (27%) RA-ILD never-smokers, was associated with obstructive functional indices and conformed to a CPFE phenotype: disproportionate reduction in gas transfer (DLco), relative preservation of lung volumes. Using multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for patient age, gender and ILD extent, emphysema presence independently associated with a CT-UIP pattern in never-smokers (0.009) and smokers (0.02). On multivariate Cox analysis, following adjustment for patient age, gender, DLco, and a CT-UIP pattern, emphysema presence (representing the CPFE phenotype) independently associated with mortality in never-smokers (p=0.04) and smokers (p<0.05). CONCLUSION 27% of RA-ILD never-smokers demonstrate emphysema on CT. Emphysema presence in never-smokers independently associates with a definite CT-UIP pattern and a worsened outcome following adjustment for baseline disease severity.
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17
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Plantier L, Cazes A, Dinh-Xuan AT, Bancal C, Marchand-Adam S, Crestani B. Physiology of the lung in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir Rev 2018; 27:27/147/170062. [PMID: 29367408 PMCID: PMC9489199 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0062-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical expression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is directly related to multiple alterations in lung function. These alterations derive from a complex disease process affecting all compartments of the lower respiratory system, from the conducting airways to the lung vasculature. In this article we review the profound alterations in lung mechanics (reduced lung compliance and lung volumes), pulmonary gas exchange (reduced diffusing capacity, increased dead space ventilation, chronic arterial hypoxaemia) and airway physiology (increased cough reflex and increased airway volume), as well as pulmonary haemodynamics related to IPF. The relative contribution of these alterations to exertional limitation and dyspnoea in IPF is discussed. Physiological impairment in IPF is complex and involves all compartments of the respiratory systemhttp://ow.ly/gyao30hdHUb
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18
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Antoniou KM, Margaritopoulos GA, Goh NS, Karagiannis K, Desai SR, Nicholson AG, Siafakas NM, Coghlan JG, Denton CP, Hansell DM, Wells AU. Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema in Scleroderma-Related Lung Disease Has a Major Confounding Effect on Lung Physiology and Screening for Pulmonary Hypertension. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:1004-12. [DOI: 10.1002/art.39528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Antoniou
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, and University Hospital of Heraklion; Crete Greece
| | - G. A. Margaritopoulos
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, and University Hospital of Heraklion; Crete Greece
| | - N. S. Goh
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - K. Karagiannis
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | | | - A. G. Nicholson
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College; London UK
| | | | - J. G. Coghlan
- Royal Free Hospital and University College London Medical School; London UK
| | - C. P. Denton
- Royal Free Hospital and University College London Medical School; London UK
| | - D. M. Hansell
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - A. U. Wells
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
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19
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Plantier L, Debray MP, Estellat C, Flamant M, Roy C, Bancal C, Borie R, Israël-Biet D, Mal H, Crestani B, Delclaux C. Increased volume of conducting airways in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is independent of disease severity: a volumetric capnography study. J Breath Res 2016; 10:016005. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/1/016005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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20
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Luzina IG, Lockatell V, Todd NW, Kopach P, Pentikis HS, Atamas SP. Pharmacological In Vivo Inhibition of S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Inflammation and Fibrosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015. [PMID: 26209236 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.224675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) characterized by pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation poses a substantial biomedical challenge due to often negative disease outcomes combined with the need to develop better, more effective therapies. We assessed the in vivo effect of administration of a pharmacological inhibitor of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase, SPL-334 (4-{[2-[(2-cyanobenzyl)thio]-4-oxothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-3(4H)-yl]methyl}benzoic acid), in a mouse model of ILD induced by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (BLM). Daily i.p. administration of SPL-334 alone at 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg/kg had no effect on animal body weight, appearance, behavior, total and differential bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell counts, or collagen accumulation in the lungs, showing no toxicity of our investigational compound. Similar administration of SPL-334 for 7 days before and for an additional 14 days after BLM instillation resulted in a preventive protective effect on the BLM challenge-induced decline in total body weight and changes in total and differential BAL cellularity. In the therapeutic treatment regimen, SPL-334 was administered at days 7-21 after BLM challenge. Such treatment attenuated the BLM challenge-induced decline in total body weight, changes in total and differential BAL cellularity, and magnitudes of histologic changes and collagen accumulation in the lungs. These changes were accompanied by an attenuation of BLM-induced elevations in pulmonary levels of profibrotic cytokines interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Experiments in cell cultures of primary normal human lung fibroblast have demonstrated attenuation of TGF-β-induced upregulation in collagen by SPL-334. It was concluded that SPL-334 is a potential therapeutic agent for ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina G Luzina
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (I.G.L., V.L., N.W.T., P.K., S.P.A); and SAJE Pharma, Baltimore, Maryland (H.S.P.)
| | - Virginia Lockatell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (I.G.L., V.L., N.W.T., P.K., S.P.A); and SAJE Pharma, Baltimore, Maryland (H.S.P.)
| | - Nevins W Todd
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (I.G.L., V.L., N.W.T., P.K., S.P.A); and SAJE Pharma, Baltimore, Maryland (H.S.P.)
| | - Pavel Kopach
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (I.G.L., V.L., N.W.T., P.K., S.P.A); and SAJE Pharma, Baltimore, Maryland (H.S.P.)
| | - Helen S Pentikis
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (I.G.L., V.L., N.W.T., P.K., S.P.A); and SAJE Pharma, Baltimore, Maryland (H.S.P.)
| | - Sergei P Atamas
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (I.G.L., V.L., N.W.T., P.K., S.P.A); and SAJE Pharma, Baltimore, Maryland (H.S.P.)
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21
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Zhou Y, Gao Y, Chen Y, Zheng R, Zhang W, Tan M. Effects of lettuce glycoside B in ameliorating pulmonary fibrosis induced by irradiation exposure and its anti-oxidative stress mechanism. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 71:971-6. [PMID: 25319075 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present research assessed the effects of lettuce glycoside B (LGB), a compound separated and purified from Pterocypsela laciniata, on irradiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis and explored the mechanism involved. Animal model of irradiation exposure inducing pulmonary fibrosis was established by Co irradiator. Rats were intraperitoneally treated with LGB (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) once per day for a month. Lung index data were analyzed. The levels of fibrosis were assessed by hydroxyproline (Hyp) of pulmonary and lung tissue sections after irradiation exposure. Alveolitis and fibrosis levels were calculated from semi-quantitative analysis of hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome lung section staining. The serum levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were also evaluated. Antioxidant enzymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in serum. Moreover, we also measured serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a marker of oxidative stress. Treatment with LGB significantly reduced mortality rates and lung index scores and MDA content, enhanced SOD and other antioxidant enzymes activity, and regulated serum levels of TGF-β1, IL-6, and TNF-α. These results demonstrated that LGB significantly inhibited irradiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, the results suggested promising clinical effect of LGB therapies for treating irradiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
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Kikuchi A, Monga SP. PDGFRα in liver pathophysiology: emerging roles in development, regeneration, fibrosis, and cancer. Gene Expr 2015; 16:109-27. [PMID: 25700367 PMCID: PMC4410163 DOI: 10.3727/105221615x14181438356210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) is an isoform of the PDGFR family of tyrosine kinase receptors involved in cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and growth. In this review, we highlight the role of PDGFRα and the current evidence of its expression and activities in liver development, regeneration, and pathology-including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Studies elucidating PDGFRα signaling in processes ranging from profibrotic signaling, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition point toward PDGFRα as a potential therapeutic target in various hepatic pathologies, including hepatic fibrosis and liver cancer. Furthermore, PDGFRα localization and modulation during liver development and regeneration may lend insight into its potential roles in various pathologic states. We will also briefly discuss some of the current targeted treatments for PDGFRα, including multi receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and PDGFRα-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kikuchi
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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23
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Antoniou KM, Walsh SL, Hansell DM, Rubens MR, Marten K, Tennant R, Hansel T, Desai SR, Siafakas NM, du Bois RM, Wells AU. Smoking-related emphysema is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and rheumatoid lung. Respirology 2014; 18:1191-6. [PMID: 23819865 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A combined pulmonary fibrosis/emphysema syndrome has been proposed, but the basis for this syndrome is currently uncertain. The aim was to evaluate the prevalence of emphysema in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and rheumatoid lung (rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD)), and to compare the morphological features of lung fibrosis between smokers and non-smokers. METHODS Using high-resolution computed tomography, the prevalence of emphysema and the pack-year smoking histories associated with emphysema were compared between current/ex-smokers with IPF (n = 186) or RA-ILD (n = 46), and non-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) controls (n = 103) and COPD controls (n = 34). The coarseness of fibrosis was compared between smokers and non-smokers. RESULTS Emphysema, present in 66/186 (35%) patients with IPF and 22/46 (48%) smokers with RA-ILD, was associated with lower pack-year smoking histories than in control groups (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). The presence of emphysema in IPF was positively linked to the pack-year smoking history (odds ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.06, P < 0.0005). In IPF, fibrosis was coarser in smokers than in non-smokers on univariate and multivariate analysis (P < 0.01 for all comparisons). In RA-ILD, fibrosis was coarser in patients with emphysema but did not differ significantly between smokers and non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS In IPF and RA-ILD, a high prevalence of concurrent emphysema, in association with low pack-year smoking histories, and an association between coarser pulmonary fibrosis and a history of smoking in IPF together provide support for possible pathogenetic linkage to smoking in both diseases.
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Nishioka Y, Azuma M, Kishi M, Aono Y. Targeting platelet-derived growth factor as a therapeutic approach in pulmonary fibrosis. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2014; 60:175-83. [PMID: 24190033 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.60.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and lethal lung disease characterized by the proliferation of fibroblasts and deposition of extracellular matrix. Since the prognosis of IPF is still poor, novel therapeutic modalities are strongly required. For this reason, to find molecular target for therapy of IPF is of much importance. The recent understanding of pathogenesis in IPF indicates the critical role of alveolar epithelial type II cells (AECII) and fibroblasts. Although the detailed mechanisms involved in IPF is still unclear, various profibrotic mediators which are produced by the injured AECII are thought to play a role in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis via stimulating fibroblasts. Among them, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is one of critical growth factors by stimulating the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. In this review, we discuss the role of PDGF in pulmonary fibrosis and the possibility as a therapeutic target for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
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The Entamoeba histolytica Dnmt2 homolog (Ehmeth) confers resistance to nitrosative stress. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2014; 13:494-503. [PMID: 24562908 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00031-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has antimicrobial properties against many pathogens due to its reactivity as an S-nitrosylating agent. It inhibits many of the key enzymes that are involved in the metabolism and virulence of the parasite Entamoeba histolytica through S-nitrosylation of essential cysteine residues. Very little information is available on the mechanism of resistance to NO by pathogens in general and by this parasite in particular. Here, we report that exposure of the parasites to S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an NO donor molecule, strongly reduces their viability and protein synthesis. However, the deleterious effects of NO were significantly reduced in trophozoites overexpressing Ehmeth, the cytosine-5 methyltransferase of the Dnmt2 family. Since these trophozoites also exhibited high levels of tRNA(Asp) methylation, the high levels suggested that Ehmeth-mediated tRNA(Asp) methylation is part of the resistance mechanism to NO. We previously reported that enolase, another glycolytic enzyme, binds to Ehmeth and inhibits its activity. We observed that the amount of Ehmeth-enolase complex was significantly reduced in GSNO-treated E. histolytica, which explains the aforementioned increase of tRNA methylation. Specifically, we demonstrated via site-directed mutagenesis that cysteine residues 228 and 229 of Ehmeth are susceptible to S-nitrosylation and are crucial for Ehmeth binding to enolase and for Ehmeth-mediated resistance to NO. These results indicate that Ehmeth has a central role in the response of the parasite to NO, and they contribute to the growing evidence that NO is a regulator of epigenetic mechanisms.
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Meuten T, Hickey A, Franklin K, Grossi B, Tobias J, Newman DR, Jennings SH, Correa M, Sannes PL. WNT7B in fibroblastic foci of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2012; 13:62. [PMID: 22838404 PMCID: PMC3479038 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-13-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating interstitial pneumonia causing a loss of respiratory surface area due to a proliferative fibrotic response involving hyperplastic, hypertrophic, and metaplastic epithelium, cystic honeycomb change, septal expansion, and variable inflammation. Wnt (wingless) signaling glycoproteins are known to be involved in lung development and tissue repair, and are up-regulated in patients with IPF. Based on previous qRT-PCR data showing increased Wnt7B in lungs of IPF patients, a systematic, quantitative examination of its tissue site distribution was undertaken. Methods Tissue samples from the Lung Tissue Research Consortium (LTRC) of 39 patients diagnosed with mild to severe IPF/usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and 19 normal patients were examined for the immunolocalization of Wnt7B. Results In normal lung, moderate Wnt7B reactivity was confined to airway epithelium, smooth muscle of airways and vasculature, and macrophages. IPF lung showed strong Wnt7B reactivity in fibroblastic foci, dysplastic airway and alveolar epithelium, and in highly discrete subepithelial, basement membrane-associated regions. All reactive sites were sized and counted relative to specific microscopic regions. Those in the subepithelial sites were found in significantly greater numbers and larger relative area compared with the others. No reactive sites were present in normal patient controls. Conclusions The results demonstrate Wnt7B to be expressed at high concentrations in regions of active hyperplasia, metaplasia, and fibrotic change in IPF patients. In this context and its previously established biologic activities, Wnt7B would be expected to be of potential importance in the pathogenesis of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Meuten
- Departments of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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Ivanišević J, Kotur-Stevuljević J, Stefanović A, Jelić-Ivanović Z, Spasić S, Videnović-Ivanov J, Vučinić-Mihailović V, Ilić J. Dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in sarcoidosis patients. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:677-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gorowiec MR, Borthwick LA, Parker SM, Kirby JA, Saretzki GC, Fisher AJ. Free radical generation induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in lung epithelium via a TGF-β1-dependent mechanism. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1024-32. [PMID: 22240154 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Fibrotic remodelling of lung parenchymal and airway compartments is the major contributor to life-threatening organ dysfunction in chronic lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Since transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is believed to play a key role in disease pathogenesis and markers of oxidative stress are also commonly detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from such patients we sought to investigate whether both factors might be interrelated. Here we investigated the hypothesis that oxidative stress to the lung epithelium promotes fibrotic repair by driving epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the augmentation of TGF-β1. We show that in response to 400μM hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) A549 cells, used a model for alveolar epithelium, and human primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) undergo EMT displaying morphology changes, decreased expression of epithelial markers (E-cadherin and ZO-1), increased expression of mesenchymal markers (vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin) as well as increased secretion of extracelluar matrix components. The same oxidative stress also promotes expression of TGF-β1. Inhibition of TGF-β1 signalling as well as treatment with antioxidants such as phenyl tert-butylnitrone (PBN) and superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) prevent the oxidative stress driven EMT-like changes described above. Interventions also inhibited EMT-like changes. This study identifies a link between oxidative stress, TGF-β1 and EMT in lung epithelium and highlights the potential for antioxidant therapies to limit EMT and its potential contribution to chronic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta R Gorowiec
- Applied Immunobiology and Transplantation Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
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29
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Haenen S, Vanoirbeek JAJ, De Vooght V, Maes E, Schoofs L, Nemery B, Hoet PHM, Clynen E. Proteome analysis of multiple compartments in a mouse model of chemical-induced asthma. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:5868-76. [PMID: 20860378 DOI: 10.1021/pr100638m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Occupational asthma is the principal cause of work-related respiratory disease in the industrial world. Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) is one of the most common respiratory sensitizers leading to occupational asthma. Using a mouse model of chemical-induced asthma, we explored proteome changes in multiple compartments of mice sensitized and challenged with TDI or acetone-olive oil (AOO; vehicle). Airway reactivity to methacholine and a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell count was assessed in treated and control mice, 1 day after challenge. Subsequently, two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) was performed on auricular lymph nodes, BAL, and serum comparing TDI-treated and vehicle-treated control mice. The differentially expressed proteins were identified by mass spectrometry and pathway analysis was performed. TDI-treated mice exhibit increased airway reactivity (2.6-fold increase) and a neutrophilic inflammation in the BAL fluid, compared to control mice. 2D-DIGE showed 53, 210, and 40 differentially expressed proteins in the auricular lymph nodes, BAL, and serum of TDI-treated versus vehicle-treated mice, respectively. Several of the identified proteins could be linked with inflammation, neutrophil chemotaxis, and/or oxidative stress. Physiologic and immunologic readouts of the asthmatic phenotype, such as inflammation, were confirmed in three compartments by several of the differentially expressed proteins via 2D-DIGE and computerized pathway analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Haenen
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Research Unit Lung Toxicology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Ishikawa N, Ohlmeier S, Salmenkivi K, Myllärniemi M, Rahman I, Mazur W, Kinnula VL. Hemoglobin α and β are ubiquitous in the human lung, decline in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis but not in COPD. Respir Res 2010; 11:123. [PMID: 20836851 PMCID: PMC2949726 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are disorders of the lung parenchyma. They share the common denominators of a progressive nature and poor prognosis. The goal was to use non-biased proteomics to discover new markers for these diseases. METHODS Proteomics of fibrotic vs. control lung tissue suggested decreased levels of several spots in the lung specimens of IPF patients, which were identified as Hemoglobin (Hb) α and β monomers and Hbα complexes. The Hbα and β monomers and complexes were investigated in more detail in normal lung and lung specimens of patients with IPF and COPD by immunohistochemistry, morphometry and mass spectrometry (MS). RESULTS Both Hb monomers, in normal lung, were expressed especially in the alveolar epithelium. Levels of Hbα and β monomers and complexes were reduced/lost in IPF but not in the COPD lungs when compared to control lung. MS-analyses revealed Hbα modification at cysteine105 (Cysα105), preventing formation of the Hbα complexes in the IPF lungs. Hbα and Hbβ were expressed as complexes and monomers in the lung tissues, but were secreted into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and/or induced sputum supernatants as complexes corresponding to the molecular weight of the Hb tetramer. CONCLUSIONS The abundant expression of the oxygen carrier molecule Hb in the normal lung epithelium and its decline in IPF lung are new findings. The loss of Hb complex formation in IPF warrants further studies and may be considered as a disease-specific modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhisa Ishikawa
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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MAZUR WITOLD, LINDHOLM PAMELA, VUORINEN KIRSI, MYLLÄRNIEMI MARJUKKA, SALMENKIVI KAISA, KINNULA VUOKKOL. Cell-specific elevation of NRF2 and sulfiredoxin-1 as markers of oxidative stress in the lungs of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and non-specific interstitial pneumonia. APMIS 2010; 118:703-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lim SK, Kim JC, Moon CJ, Kim GY, Han HJ, Park SH. Formaldehyde induces apoptosis through decreased Prx 2 via p38 MAPK in lung epithelial cells. Toxicology 2010; 271:100-6. [PMID: 20347000 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is an important substance that induces sick house syndrome and diseases, such as asthma and allergies. Oxidative stress is involved in the development of respiratory disease, and diverse antioxidants may protect respiratory tract cells from apoptosis. Peroxiredoxin is a pivotal endogenous antioxidant. In the present study, FA induced death in A549 cells, a lung epithelial cell line, in a dose-dependent manner. FA also increased lipid peroxide formation (LPO) in A549 cells, suggesting a role for oxidative stress. Additionally, FA decreased peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx 2) protein levels after a 24 or 48h exposure to FA. We also examined whether the FA-induced decrease in Prx 2 was associated with apoptosis. Prx 2 overexpression protected against FA-induced cell apoptosis but not necrosis. Prx 2 overexpression blocked FA-induced increase in Bax, a pro-apoptotic molecule, and a decrease in Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic molecule. Prx 2 overexpression also protected against FA-induced activation of some special apoptosis-associated proteins [caspase-3, caspase-9, and polypeptide poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)]. Furthermore, we examined the signaling molecules involved in the FA-induced decrease in Prx 2 expression. The FA-induced decrease in Prx 2 and increase in cell apoptosis was restored by treatment with SB203580 [a p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor], but not by SP600125 [a c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor]. Also, FA-induced events were blocked by treatment with p38 siRNA, but not by scrambled siRNA. Indeed, FA increased p38 MAPK activation, suggesting a role for p38 MAPK in FA action. In conclusion, FA mediated apoptosis in lung epithelial cells by decreasing Prx 2 via p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Ki Lim
- Bio-therapy Human Resources Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yongbongdong 300 Bukgu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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Leppäranta O, Pulkkinen V, Koli K, Vähätalo R, Salmenkivi K, Kinnula VL, Heikinheimo M, Myllärniemi M. Transcription factor GATA-6 is expressed in quiescent myofibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 42:626-32. [PMID: 19597127 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2009-0021oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (histopathology of usual interstitial pneumonia [UIP]) is a progressive disease with poor prognosis. Characteristic features of IPF/UIP include fibroblastic foci, which are patchy lesions of focal, disarranged myofibroblasts. GATA-6 is a transcription factor linked with cell differentiation. Its role in the development of IPF has not previously been investigated. We hypothesized that GATA-6 participates in the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in IPF/UIP lungs. The expression patterns of GATA-6, the mesenchymal marker alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and markers for proliferation (Ki67) and apoptosis (caspase-3) were analyzed in human IPF/UIP tissue samples. The effects of GATA-6 overexpression and silencing were studied in cell cultures. The results show that the alpha-SMA-positive fibroblastic foci in IPF/UIP lungs are positive for GATA-6, but negative for Ki67 and caspase-3. Cultured human IPF/UIP fibroblasts expressed GATA-6 mRNA, whereas cells from the normal adult lung did not. In cultured A549 lung epithelial cells, the induction of GATA-6 by transforming growth factor-beta1 resulted in simultaneous expression of alpha-SMA and decrease of E-cadherin. The inhibition of GATA-6 expression in fibroblasts showed that GATA-6 mediates the alpha-SMA-inducing signal of transforming growth factor-beta1. In conclusion, the hallmark of IPF/UIP histopathology, the fibroblast focus, consists of differentiated, quiescent cells that prominently express GATA-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Leppäranta
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, FI-00014 University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Bargagli E, Olivieri C, Bennett D, Prasse A, Muller-Quernheim J, Rottoli P. Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diffuse lung diseases: a review. Respir Med 2009; 103:1245-56. [PMID: 19464864 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2009.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between oxidants (reactive oxygen and nitrogen species) and antioxidants that may affect lipids, DNA, carbohydrates and proteins. The lung is continuously exposed to endogenous and exogenous oxidants (cigarette smoke, mineral dust, ozone, radiation). Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are mainly produced by phagocytes as well as by polymorphonuclear, alveolar, bronchial and endothelial cells. A potential role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diffuse lung diseases (particularly idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) has been demonstrated. Increased oxidant levels and decreased antioxidant defences can contribute to the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other diffuse lung diseases. The growing number of papers on the different aspects of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in diffuse lung diseases in the last decade reflects increasing interest in this topic and suggests that specific DLDs may be characterized by specific patterns of oxidation and antioxidant responses. The study of oxidative stress can provide insights into etiopathogenesis and favour the discovery of new treatments. In this review of the literature on oxidants and antioxidants in diffuse lung diseases, the focus is on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, pneumoconiosis and pulmonary fibrosis associated with systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bargagli
- Respiratory Diseases Section, Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunological Sciences, University of Siena, viale Bracci, Siena, Italy.
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