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Biswas T, Vogel H, Biedermann PHW, Lehenberger M, Yuvaraj JK, Andersson MN. Few chemoreceptor genes in the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum may reflect its specialized ecology. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:764. [PMID: 39107741 PMCID: PMC11302349 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemoreception is crucial for insect fitness, underlying for instance food-, host-, and mate finding. Chemicals in the environment are detected by receptors from three divergent gene families: odorant receptors (ORs), gustatory receptors (GRs), and ionotropic receptors (IRs). However, how the chemoreceptor gene families evolve in parallel with ecological specializations remains poorly understood, especially in the order Coleoptera. Hence, we sequenced the genome and annotated the chemoreceptor genes of the specialised ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) and compared its chemoreceptor gene repertoires with those of other scolytines with different ecological adaptations, as well as a polyphagous cerambycid species. RESULTS We identified 67 ORs, 38 GRs, and 44 IRs in T. lineatum ('Tlin'). Across gene families, T. lineatum has fewer chemoreceptors compared to related scolytines, the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei and the mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae, and clearly fewer receptors than the polyphagous cerambycid Anoplophora glabripennis. The comparatively low number of chemoreceptors is largely explained by the scarcity of large receptor lineage radiations, especially among the bitter taste GRs and the 'divergent' IRs, and the absence of alternatively spliced GR genes. Only one non-fructose sugar receptor was found, suggesting several sugar receptors have been lost. Also, we found no orthologue in the 'GR215 clade', which is widely conserved across Coleoptera. Two TlinORs are orthologous to ORs that are functionally conserved across curculionids, responding to 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) and green leaf volatiles (GLVs), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Trypodendron lineatum reproduces inside the xylem of decaying conifers where it feeds on its obligate fungal mutualist Phialophoropsis ferruginea. Like previous studies, our results suggest that stenophagy correlates with small chemoreceptor numbers in wood-boring beetles; indeed, the few GRs may be due to its restricted fungal diet. The presence of TlinORs orthologous to those detecting 2-PE and GLVs in other species suggests these compounds are important for T. lineatum. Future functional studies should test this prediction, and chemoreceptor annotations should be conducted on additional ambrosia beetle species to investigate whether few chemoreceptors is a general trait in this specialized group of beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twinkle Biswas
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter H W Biedermann
- Chair of Forest Entomology and Protection, University of Freiburg, Stegen-Wittental, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin N Andersson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.
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Jiang X, Dimitriou E, Grabe V, Sun R, Chang H, Zhang Y, Gershenzon J, Rybak J, Hansson BS, Sachse S. Ring-shaped odor coding in the antennal lobe of migratory locusts. Cell 2024; 187:3973-3991.e24. [PMID: 38897195 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The representation of odors in the locust antennal lobe with its >2,000 glomeruli has long remained a perplexing puzzle. We employed the CRISPR-Cas9 system to generate transgenic locusts expressing the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP in olfactory sensory neurons. Using two-photon functional imaging, we mapped the spatial activation patterns representing a wide range of ecologically relevant odors across all six developmental stages. Our findings reveal a functionally ring-shaped organization of the antennal lobe composed of specific glomerular clusters. This configuration establishes an odor-specific chemotopic representation by encoding different chemical classes and ecologically distinct odors in the form of glomerular rings. The ring-shaped glomerular arrangement, which we confirm by selective targeting of OR70a-expressing sensory neurons, occurs throughout development, and the odor-coding pattern within the glomerular population is consistent across developmental stages. Mechanistically, this unconventional spatial olfactory code reflects the locust-specific and multiplexed glomerular innervation pattern of the antennal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcong Jiang
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany; Research Group Olfactory Coding, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Eleftherios Dimitriou
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Veit Grabe
- Microscopic Service Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ruo Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Hetan Chang
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Yifu Zhang
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rybak
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Silke Sachse
- Research Group Olfactory Coding, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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Lehmann J, Günzel Y, Khosravian M, Cassau S, Kraus S, Libnow JS, Chang H, Hansson BS, Breer H, Couzin-Fuchs E, Fleischer J, Krieger J. SNMP1 is critical for sensitive detection of the desert locust aromatic courtship inhibition pheromone phenylacetonitrile. BMC Biol 2024; 22:150. [PMID: 38973001 PMCID: PMC11229289 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate detection of pheromones is crucial for chemical communication and reproduction in insects. In holometabolous flies and moths, the sensory neuron membrane protein 1 (SNMP1) is essential for detecting long-chain aliphatic pheromones by olfactory neurons. However, its function in hemimetabolous insects and its role for detecting pheromones of a different chemical nature remain elusive. Therefore, we investigated the relevance of SNMP1 for pheromone detection in a hemimetabolous insect pest of considerable economic importance, the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria, which moreover employs the aromatic pheromone phenylacetonitrile (PAN) to govern reproductive behaviors. RESULTS Employing CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene editing, a mutant locust line lacking functional SNMP1 was established. In electroantennography experiments and single sensillum recordings, we found significantly decreased electrical responses to PAN in SNMP1-deficient (SNMP1-/-) locusts. Moreover, calcium imaging in the antennal lobe of the brain revealed a substantially reduced activation of projection neurons in SNMP1-/- individuals upon exposure to PAN, indicating that the diminished antennal responsiveness to PAN in mutants affects pheromone-evoked neuronal activity in the brain. Furthermore, in behavioral experiments, PAN-induced effects on pairing and mate choice were altered in SNMP1-/- locusts. CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasize the importance of SNMP1 for chemical communication in a hemimetabolous insect pest. Moreover, they show that SNMP1 plays a crucial role in pheromone detection that goes beyond long-chain aliphatic substances and includes aromatic compounds controlling reproductive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Lehmann
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Yannick Günzel
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Collective Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Quantitative Behavior, Ecology and Evolution From Lab to Field, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Maryam Khosravian
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sina Cassau
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Susanne Kraus
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Johanna S Libnow
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hetan Chang
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Synthetic Biology Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Heinz Breer
- Department of Physiology (190V), Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Einat Couzin-Fuchs
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Collective Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Joerg Fleischer
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Jürgen Krieger
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Wang Y, Qiu L, Wang B, Guan Z, Dong Z, Zhang J, Cao S, Yang L, Wang B, Gong Z, Zhang L, Ma W, Liu Z, Zhang D, Wang G, Yin P. Structural basis for odorant recognition of the insect odorant receptor OR-Orco heterocomplex. Science 2024; 384:1453-1460. [PMID: 38870272 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn6881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Insects detect and discriminate a diverse array of chemicals using odorant receptors (ORs), which are ligand-gated ion channels comprising a divergent odorant-sensing OR and a conserved odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco). In this work, we report structures of the ApOR5-Orco heterocomplex from the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum alone and bound to its known activating ligand, geranyl acetate. In these structures, three ApOrco subunits serve as scaffold components that cannot bind the ligand and remain relatively unchanged. Upon ligand binding, the pore-forming helix S7b of ApOR5 shifts outward from the central pore axis, causing an asymmetrical pore opening for ion influx. Our study provides insights into odorant recognition and channel gating of the OR-Orco heterocomplex and offers structural resources to support development of innovative insecticides and repellents for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Synthetic Biology Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liang Qiu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zeyuan Guan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Song Cao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Synthetic Biology Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lulu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhou Gong
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Delin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Synthetic Biology Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ping Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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5
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Halty-deLeon L, Pal Mahadevan V, Wiesel E, Hansson BS, Wicher D. Response Plasticity of Drosophila Olfactory Sensory Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7125. [PMID: 39000230 PMCID: PMC11241008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In insect olfaction, sensitization refers to the amplification of a weak olfactory signal when the stimulus is repeated within a specific time window. In the vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster, this occurs already at the periphery, at the level of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) located in the antenna. In our study, we investigate whether sensitization is a widespread property in a set of seven types of OSNs, as well as the mechanisms involved. First, we characterize and compare the differences in spontaneous activity, response velocity and response dynamics, among the selected OSN types. These express different receptors with distinct tuning properties and behavioral relevance. Second, we show that sensitization is not a general property. Among our selected OSN types, it occurs in those responding to more general food odors, while OSNs involved in very specific detection of highly specific ecological cues like pheromones and warning signals show no sensitization. Moreover, we show that mitochondria play an active role in sensitization by contributing to the increase in intracellular Ca2+ upon weak receptor activation. Thus, by using a combination of single sensillum recordings (SSRs), calcium imaging and pharmacology, we widen the understanding of how the olfactory signal is processed at the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Wiesel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dieter Wicher
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
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6
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Zhao J, Chen AQ, Ryu J, del Mármol J. Structural basis of odor sensing by insect heteromeric odorant receptors. Science 2024; 384:1460-1467. [PMID: 38870275 PMCID: PMC11235583 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn6384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Most insects, including human-targeting mosquitoes, detect odors through odorant-activated ion channel complexes consisting of a divergent odorant-binding subunit (OR) and a conserved co-receptor subunit (Orco). As a basis for understanding how odorants activate these heteromeric receptors, we report here cryo-electron microscopy structures of two different heteromeric odorant receptor complexes containing ORs from disease-vector mosquitos Aedes aegypti or Anopheles gambiae. These structures reveal an unexpected stoichiometry of one OR to three Orco subunits. Comparison of structures in odorant-bound and unbound states indicates that odorant binding to the sole OR subunit is sufficient to open the channel pore, suggesting a mechanism of OR activation and a conceptual framework for understanding evolution of insect odorant receptor sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhao
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Andy Q. Chen
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Jaewook Ryu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Josefina del Mármol
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Boston, 02115, USA
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7
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Antony B, Montagné N, Comte A, Mfarrej S, Jakše J, Capoduro R, Shelke R, Cali K, AlSaleh MA, Persaud K, Pain A, Jacquin-Joly E. Deorphanizing an odorant receptor tuned to palm tree volatile esters in the Asian palm weevil sheds light on the mechanisms of palm tree selection. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 169:104129. [PMID: 38704126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The Asian palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, is a tremendously important agricultural pest primarily adapted to palm trees and causes severe destruction, threatening sustainable palm cultivation worldwide. The host plant selection of this weevil is mainly attributed to the functional specialization of odorant receptors (ORs) that detect palm-derived volatiles. Yet, ligands are known for only two ORs of R. ferrugineus, and we still lack information on the mechanisms of palm tree detection. This study identified a highly expressed antennal R. ferrugineus OR, RferOR2, thanks to newly generated transcriptomic data. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that RferOR2 belongs to the major coleopteran OR group 2A and is closely related to a sister clade containing an R. ferrugineus OR (RferOR41) tuned to the non-host plant volatile and antagonist, α-pinene. Functional characterization of RferOR2 via heterologous expression in Drosophila olfactory neurons revealed that this receptor is tuned to several ecologically relevant palm-emitted odors, most notably ethyl and methyl ester compounds, but not to any of the pheromone compounds tested, including the R. ferrugineus aggregation pheromone. We did not evidence any differential expression of RferOR2 in the antennae of both sexes, suggesting males and females detect these compounds equally. Next, we used the newly identified RferOR2 ligands to demonstrate that including synthetic palm ester volatiles as single compounds and in combinations in pheromone-based mass trapping has a synergistic attractiveness effect to R. ferrugineus aggregation pheromone, resulting in significantly increased weevil catches. Our study identified a key OR from a palm weevil species tuned to several ecologically relevant palm volatiles and represents a significant step forward in understanding the chemosensory mechanisms of host detection in palm weevils. Our study also defines RferOR2 as an essential model for exploring the molecular basis of host detection in other palm weevil species. Finally, our work showed that insect OR deorphanization could aid in identifying novel behaviorally active volatiles that can interfere with weevil host-searching behavior in sustainable pest management applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binu Antony
- King Saud University, Chair of Date Palm Research, Center for Chemical Ecology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nicolas Montagné
- INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Cité, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES-Paris, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Arthur Comte
- INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Cité, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES-Paris, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Sara Mfarrej
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Bioscience Programme, BESE Division, Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jernej Jakše
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Department, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rémi Capoduro
- INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Cité, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES-Paris, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Rajan Shelke
- Don Bosco College of Agriculture, Agricultural Entomology Department, Sulcorna, Goa, 403705, India
| | - Khasim Cali
- The University of Manchester, Department of Chemical Engineering, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Mohammed Ali AlSaleh
- King Saud University, Chair of Date Palm Research, Center for Chemical Ecology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishna Persaud
- The University of Manchester, Department of Chemical Engineering, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Arnab Pain
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Bioscience Programme, BESE Division, Thuwal, Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly
- INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Cité, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES-Paris, 78000, Versailles, France
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8
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Long T, Mohapatra P, Ballou S, Menuz K. Odorant receptor co-receptors affect expression of tuning receptors in Drosophila. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1390557. [PMID: 38832356 PMCID: PMC11145718 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1390557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Insects detect odorants using two large families of heteromeric receptors, the Odorant Receptors (ORs) and Ionotropic Receptors (IRs). Most OR and IR genes encode odorant-binding "tuning" subunits, whereas four (Orco, Ir8a, Ir25a, and Ir76b) encode co-receptor subunits required for receptor function. Olfactory neurons are thought to degenerate in the absence of Orco in ants and bees, and limited data suggest this may happen to some olfactory neurons in Drosophila fruit flies as well. Here, we thoroughly examined the role of co-receptors on olfactory neuron survival in Drosophila. Leveraging knowledge that olfactory neuron classes are defined by the expression of different tuning receptors, we used tuning receptor expression in antennal transcriptomes as a proxy for the survival of distinct olfactory neuron classes. Consistent with olfactory neuron degeneration, expression of many OR-family tuning receptors is decreased in Orco mutants relative to controls, and transcript loss is progressive with age. The effects of Orco are highly receptor-dependent, with expression of some receptor transcripts nearly eliminated and others unaffected. Surprisingly, further studies revealed that olfactory neuron classes with reduced tuning receptor expression generally survive in Orco mutant flies. Furthermore, there is little apoptosis or neuronal loss in the antenna of these flies. We went on to investigate the effects of IR family co-receptor mutants using similar approaches and found that expression of IR tuning receptors is decreased in the absence of Ir8a and Ir25a, but not Ir76b. As in Orco mutants, Ir8a-dependent olfactory neurons mostly endure despite near-absent expression of associated tuning receptors. Finally, we used differential expression analysis to identify other antennal genes whose expression is changed in IR and OR co-receptor mutants. Taken together, our data indicate that odorant co-receptors are necessary for maintaining expression of many tuning receptors at the mRNA level. Further, most Drosophila olfactory neurons persist in OR and IR co-receptor mutants, suggesting that the impact of co-receptors on neuronal survival may vary across insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Long
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Pratyajit Mohapatra
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Sydney Ballou
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Karen Menuz
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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9
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Dzaki N, Alenius M. A cilia-bound unconventional secretory pathway for Drosophila odorant receptors. BMC Biol 2024; 22:84. [PMID: 38610043 PMCID: PMC11015608 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-translational transport is a vital process which ensures that each protein reaches its site of function. Though most do so via an ordered ER-to-Golgi route, an increasing number of proteins are now shown to bypass this conventional secretory pathway. RESULTS In the Drosophila olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), odorant receptors (ORs) are trafficked from the ER towards the cilia. Here, we show that Or22a, a receptor of various esters and alcoholic compounds, reaches the cilia partially through unconventional means. Or22a frequently present as puncta at the somatic cell body exit and within the dendrite prior to the cilia base. These rarely coincide with markers of either the intermediary ER-Golgi-intermediate-compartment (ERGIC) or Golgi structures. ERGIC and Golgi also displayed axonal localization biases, a further indication that at least some measure of OR transport may occur independently of their involvement. Additionally, neither the loss of several COPII genes involved in anterograde trafficking nor ERGIC itself affected puncta formation or Or22a transport to the cilium. Instead, we observed the consistent colocalization of Or22a puncta with Grasp65, the sole Drosophila homolog of mammalian GRASP55/Grh1, a marker of the unconventional pathway. The numbers of both Or22a and Grasp65-positive puncta were furthermore increased upon nutritional starvation, a condition known to enhance Golgi-bypassing secretory activity. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate an alternative route of Or22a transport, thus expanding the repertoire of unconventional secretion mechanisms in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najat Dzaki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, SE, Sweden
| | - Mattias Alenius
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, SE, Sweden.
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10
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Frunze O, Lee D, Lee S, Kwon HW. A single mutation in the mosquito (Aedes aegypti) olfactory receptor 8 causes loss of function to 1-octen-3-ol. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 167:104069. [PMID: 38220070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.104069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The host-seeking behavior of mosquitoes have long been established to be primarily odor-mediated. In this process, olfactory receptors (Ors) play a critical role. 1-Octen-3-ol is a common volatile compound that is attractive to hematophagous arthropods such as mosquitos. The olfactory receptor 8 (AaOr8) on the tip of the stylet and maxillary palp of Aedes aegypti is tuned to 1-octen-3-ol, which is required for mosquitoes to quickly find blood vessels from a vertebrate host. However, little is known about the interaction of AaOr8 with 1-octen-3-ol which was studied in vivo and in silico in this study. The molecular binding poses and energies between ligands and the receptor were investigated. Three mutants of AaOr8 were cloned and compared with in vivo calcium imaging utilizing heterologous expression systems. As a result, our findings imply that a genetic disruption including targeted modification of Ors genes may be used to reduce mosquito bites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Frunze
- Department of Life Sciences & Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Dain Lee
- Department of Life Sciences & Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungha Lee
- Department of Life Sciences & Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kwon
- Department of Life Sciences & Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Wang Q, Smid HM, Dicke M, Haverkamp A. The olfactory system of Pieris brassicae caterpillars: from receptors to glomeruli. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:469-488. [PMID: 38105530 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory system of adult lepidopterans is among the best described neuronal circuits. However, comparatively little is known about the organization of the olfactory system in the larval stage of these insects. Here, we explore the expression of olfactory receptors and the organization of olfactory sensory neurons in caterpillars of Pieris brassicae, a significant pest species in Europe and a well-studied species for its chemical ecology. To describe the larval olfactory system in this species, we first analyzed the head transcriptome of third-instar larvae (L3) and identified 16 odorant receptors (ORs) including the OR coreceptor (Orco), 13 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and 8 gustatory receptors (GRs). We then quantified the expression of these 16 ORs in different life stages, using qPCR, and found that the majority of ORs had significantly higher expression in the L4 stage than in the L3 and L5 stages, indicating that the larval olfactory system is not static throughout caterpillar development. Using an Orco-specific antibody, we identified all olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) expressing the Orco protein in L3, L4, and L5 caterpillars and found a total of 34 Orco-positive ORNs, distributed among three sensilla on the antenna. The number of Orco-positive ORNs did not differ among the three larval instars. Finally, we used retrograde axon tracing of the antennal nerve and identified a mean of 15 glomeruli in the larval antennal center (LAC), suggesting that the caterpillar olfactory system follows a similar design as the adult olfactory system, although with a lower numerical redundancy. Taken together, our results provide a detailed analysis of the larval olfactory neurons in P. brassicae, highlighting both the differences as well as the commonalities with the adult olfactory system. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the development of the olfactory system in insects and its life-stage-specific adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans M Smid
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Haverkamp
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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12
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Zhang S, Jacquin-Joly E, Montagné N, Liu F, Liu Y, Wang G. Identification of an odorant receptor responding to sex pheromones in Spodoptera frugiperda extends the novel type-I PR lineage in moths. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:489-502. [PMID: 37573259 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
In moths, pheromone receptors (PRs) are crucial for intraspecific sexual communication between males and females. Moth PRs are considered as an ideal model for studying the evolution of insect PRs, and a large number of PRs have been identified and functionally characterized in different moth species. Moth PRs were initially thought to fall into a single monophyletic clade in the odorant receptor (OR) family, but recent studies have shown that ORs in another lineage also bind type-I sex pheromones, which indicates that type-I PRs have multiple independent origins in the Lepidoptera. In this study, we investigated whether ORs of the pest moth Spodoptera frugiperda belonging to clades closely related to this novel PR lineage may also have the capacity to bind type-I pheromones and serve as male PRs. Among the 7 ORs tested, only 1 (SfruOR23) exhibited a male-biased expression pattern. Importantly, in vitro functional characterization showed that SfruOR23 could bind several type-I sex pheromone compounds with Z-9-tetradecenal (Z9-14:Ald), a minor component found in female sex pheromone glands, as the optimal ligand. In addition, SfruOR23 also showed weak responses to plant volatile organic compounds. Altogether, we characterized an S. frugiperda PR positioned in a lineage closely related to the novel PR clade, indicating that the type-I PR lineage can be extended in moths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne University, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, University of Paris, Versailles, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne University, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, University of Paris, Versailles, France
| | - Nicolas Montagné
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne University, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, University of Paris, Versailles, France
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Chidambara Thanu V, Jabeen A, Ranganathan S. iBio-GATS-A Semi-Automated Workflow for Structural Modelling of Insect Odorant Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3055. [PMID: 38474300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Insects utilize seven transmembrane (7TM) odorant receptor (iOR) proteins, with an inverted topology compared to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), to detect chemical cues in the environment. For pest biocontrol, chemical attractants are used to trap insect pests. However, with the influx of invasive insect pests, novel odorants are urgently needed, specifically designed to match 3D iOR structures. Experimental structural determination of these membrane receptors remains challenging and only four experimental iOR structures from two evolutionarily distant organisms have been solved. Template-based modelling (TBM) is a complementary approach, to generate model structures, selecting templates based on sequence identity. As the iOR family is highly divergent, a different template selection approach than sequence identity is needed. Bio-GATS template selection for GPCRs, based on hydrophobicity correspondence, has been morphed into iBio-GATS, for template selection from available experimental iOR structures. This easy-to-use semi-automated workflow has been extended to generate high-quality models from any iOR sequence from the selected template, using Python and shell scripting. This workflow was successfully validated on Apocrypta bakeri Orco and Machilis hrabei OR5 structures. iBio-GATS models generated for the fruit fly iOR, OR59b and Orco, yielded functional ligand binding results concordant with experimental mutagenesis findings, compared to AlphaFold2 models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amara Jabeen
- Applied Biosciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
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Zhang Y, He S, He C, Zhou L, Xu O, Qiao L, Chen B, Cao Y, He Z. AsOBP1 is required for bioallethrin repellency in the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles sinensis. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38389031 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The use of insecticides, primarily pyrethroids, is a pivotal strategy for mosquito control globally. Bioallethrin, the first commercially available volatile pyrethroid, can elicit spatial (i.e., noncontact) repellency to mosquitoes through the coactivation of olfactory receptor neurons and sodium channels. However, the olfactory mechanism of the repellency elicited by bioallethrin in mosquitoes is still unclear. Here, we demonstrated the involvement of AsOBP1 in the bioallethrin repellency in Anopheles sinensis, one of the main vectors of vivax malaria in China and other Southeast Asian countries. The behavioral and electrophysiological analyses in AsOrco-/- mutant found that the spatial repellency elicited by bioallethrin depended on the odorant receptor (OR)-mediated olfactory pathway. Furthermore, the repellency was reduced in the AsOBP1-/- mutant and a pyrethroid-resistant strain, in which the expression of AsOBP1 was significantly decreased. Moreover, recombinant AsOBP1 protein bound to bioallethrin in an in vitro competition assay. These results indicate that activation of the AsOBP1-mediated olfactory pathway is an important component of bioallethrin repellency. Our research lays the foundation for further elucidation into the olfactory mechanism of bioallethrin repellency and the behavioral modifications of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shulin He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengyin He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ou Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yueqing Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengbo He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Li Z, Capoduro R, François MC, Jacquin-Joly E, Montagné N, Meslin C. Multiple amino acid changes are responsible for the shift of tuning breadth along the evolutionary trajectory of a moth pheromone receptor. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001075. [PMID: 38404917 PMCID: PMC10884835 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Sex pheromone recognition is essential for mating in many insects and plays a major role in maintaining reproductive barriers. A previous study from our lab reported the evolutionary history of the pheromone receptor OR5 in Spodoptera moths. Using heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes and site-directed mutagenesis, we found that eight amino acid substitutions were sufficient to recapitulate the evolution from an ancestral broadly-tuned to a highly specific receptor. Here, we confirmed this result using expression in Drosophila olfactory neurons. This further confirmed that multiple amino acid changes explain the shift in tuning breadth of Spodoptera OR5 during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Li
- Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), France, Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Cité
| | - Rémi Capoduro
- Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), France, Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Cité
| | - Marie-Christine François
- Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), France, Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Cité
| | - Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly
- Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), France, Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Cité
| | - Nicolas Montagné
- Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), France, Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Cité
| | - Camille Meslin
- Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), France, Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Cité
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16
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Mallick A, Dacks AM, Gaudry Q. Olfactory Critical Periods: How Odor Exposure Shapes the Developing Brain in Mice and Flies. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:94. [PMID: 38392312 PMCID: PMC10886215 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Neural networks have an extensive ability to change in response to environmental stimuli. This flexibility peaks during restricted windows of time early in life called critical periods. The ubiquitous occurrence of this form of plasticity across sensory modalities and phyla speaks to the importance of critical periods for proper neural development and function. Extensive investigation into visual critical periods has advanced our knowledge of the molecular events and key processes that underlie the impact of early-life experience on neuronal plasticity. However, despite the importance of olfaction for the overall survival of an organism, the cellular and molecular basis of olfactory critical periods have not garnered extensive study compared to visual critical periods. Recent work providing a comprehensive mapping of the highly organized olfactory neuropil and its development has in turn attracted a growing interest in how these circuits undergo plasticity during critical periods. Here, we perform a comparative review of olfactory critical periods in fruit flies and mice to provide novel insight into the importance of early odor exposure in shaping neural circuits and highlighting mechanisms found across sensory modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahana Mallick
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Andrew M Dacks
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Quentin Gaudry
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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17
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Wang C, Liu L, Huang TY, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang GR. Characterization of the pheromone receptors in Mythimna loreyi reveals the differentiation of sex pheromone recognition in Mythimna species. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:173-185. [PMID: 37269179 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pheromone receptors (PRs) are key proteins in the molecular mechanism of pheromone recognition, and exploring the functional differentiation of PRs between closely related species helps to understand the evolution of moth mating systems. Pheromone components of the agricultural pest Mythimna loreyi have turned into (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate (Z9-14:OAc), (Z)-7-dodecen-1-yl acetate (Z7-12:OAc), and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-yl acetate, while the composition differs from that of M. separata in the genus Mythimna. To understand the molecular mechanism of pheromone recognition, we sequenced and analyzed antennal transcriptomes to identify 62 odorant receptor (OR) genes. The expression levels of all putative ORs were analyzed using differentially expressed gene analysis. Six candidate PRs were quantified and functionally characterized in the Xenopus oocytes system. MlorPR6 and MlorPR3 were determined to be the receptors of major and minor components Z9-14:OAc and Z7-12:OAc. MlorPR1 and female antennae (FA)-biased MlorPR5 both possessed the ability to detect pheromones of sympatric species, including (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol, (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol, and (Z)-9-tetradecenal. Based on the comparison of PR functions between M. loreyi and M. separata, we analyzed the differentiation of pheromone recognition mechanisms during the evolution of the mating systems of 2 Mythimna species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tian-Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biohazard Monitoring, Green Prevention and Control for Artificial Grassland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Inner Mongolia Hohhot, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Shenzhen; Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture; Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Corcoran JA, Mahaffee WF. Identification of a receptor for the sex pheromone of the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 5:100072. [PMID: 38314008 PMCID: PMC10837065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2024.100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus, is a significant pest of vineyards in all major grape growing regions of the world. This pest causes significant aesthetic damage to berry clusters through its feeding behavior and secretion of "honeydew", which leads to significant decreases in crop marketability. More importantly, the vine mealybug is a vector of several grapevine viruses which are the causal agent of grapevine leafroll disease, one of the most destructive and economically devastating diseases of the grape industry worldwide. As there is no cure for grapevine leafroll disease, the only control measures available to reduce its spread are to remove infected vines whilst simultaneously controlling mealybug populations. Using transcriptomic libraries prepared from male and female mealybugs and a draft genome, we identified and evaluated expression levels of members of the odorant receptor gene family. Interestingly, of the 50 odorant receptors identified from these P. ficus genetic resources, only 23 were found to be expressed in females, suggesting this flightless life stage has a decreased reliance on the olfactory system. In contrast, 46 odorant receptors were found to be expressed in the alate male life stage. Heterologous expression of eight of these receptors, along with the obligate co-receptor, Orco, in HEK293 cells allowed for the identification of two receptors that respond to lavandulyl senecioate, the sole constituent of the sex pheromone used by this species. Interestingly, one of these receptors, PficOR8, also responded to the sex pheromone used by the Japanese mealybug, Planococcus kraunhiae. The data presented here represent the first report of odorant receptor gene family expression levels, as well as the identification of the first sex pheromone receptor, in soft-scale insects. The identification of a receptor for the vine mealybug sex pheromone will allow for the development of novel, species-specific pest control tools and monitoring devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Corcoran
- USDA - Agricultural Research Service, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Walter F Mahaffee
- USDA - Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Disease and Pest Management Research Unit, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Ziemba PM, Mueck A, Gisselmann G, Stoertkuhl KF. Functional expression and ligand identification of homo- and heteromeric Drosophila melanogaster CO2 receptors in the Xenopus laevis oocyte system. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295404. [PMID: 38157355 PMCID: PMC10756536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important olfactory cue in Drosophila melanogaster and can elicit both attractive and aversive behaviors. It is detected by gustatory receptors, Gr21a and Gr63a, found in the ab1C neuron in basiconic sensilla on the third antennal segment. Volatile substances that modulate the receptors' function are of interest for pest control. While several substances block ab1C neurons or mimic the activating effect of carbon dioxide, it is not known if these substances are indeed ligands of the CO2 receptor or might act on other proteins in the receptor neuron. In this study, we used the recombinant Xenopus laevis expression system and two-electrode voltage-clamp technology to investigate the receptor function. We found that application of sodium bicarbonate evokes large inward currents in oocytes co-expressing Gr21a and Gr63a. The receptors most likely form hetromultimeric complexes. Homomultimeric receptors of Gr21a or Gr63a are sufficient for receptor functionality, although oocytes gave significantly lower current responses compared to the probable heteromultimeric receptor. We screened for putative blockers of the sodium bicarbonate response and confirmed that some of the substances identified by spike recordings of olfactory receptor neurons, such as 1-hexanol, are also blockers in the Xenopus oocyte system. We also identified a new blocking substance, citronellol, which is related to insect repellents. Many substances that activate receptor neurons were inactive in the Xenopus oocyte system, indicating that they may not be ligands for the receptor, but may act on other proteins. However, methyl pyruvate and n-hexylamine were found to be activators of the recombinant Gr21a/Gr63a receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Ziemba
- AG Physiology of Senses, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Alina Mueck
- AG Physiology of Senses, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Günter Gisselmann
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Klemens F. Stoertkuhl
- AG Physiology of Senses, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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20
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Zhang C, Tang B, Tan H, Wang X, Dai W. The Orco gene involved in recognition of host plant volatiles and sex pheromone in the chive maggot Bradysia odoriphaga. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 197:105709. [PMID: 38072517 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The insect olfactory recognition system plays a crucial role in the feeding and reproductive behaviors of insects. The odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco), as an obligatory chaperone, is critical for odorant recognition by way of forming heteromeric complexes with conventional odorant receptors (ORs). To investigate the biological functions of Orco in perceiving host plant volatiles and sex pheromone, the Orco gene was identified from the chive maggot Bradysia odoriphaga transcriptome data. Multiple sequence alignment reveals that BodoOrco exhibits an extremely high sequence identity with Orcos from other dipteran insects. The expression of BodoOrco is significantly higher in adults than in larvae and pupae, and the BodoOrco gene is primarily expressed in the antennae of both sexes. Furthermore, the Y-tube assay indicated that knockdown of BodoOrco leads to significant reductions in B. odoriphaga adults' response to all tested host plant volatiles. The dsOrco-treated unmated male adults show less attraction to unmated females and responded slowly compared with dsGFP control group. These results indicated that BodoOrco is involved in recognition of sex pheromone and host plant volatiles in B. odoriphaga and has the potential to be used as a target for the design of novel active compounds for developing ecofriendly pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunni Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Bowen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haoyu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Couto A, Marty S, Dawson EH, d'Ettorre P, Sandoz JC, Montgomery SH. Evolution of the neuronal substrate for kin recognition in social Hymenoptera. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:2226-2242. [PMID: 37528574 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
In evolutionary terms, life is about reproduction. Yet, in some species, individuals forgo their own reproduction to support the reproductive efforts of others. Social insect colonies for example, can contain up to a million workers that actively cooperate in tasks such as foraging, brood care and nest defence, but do not produce offspring. In such societies the division of labour is pronounced, and reproduction is restricted to just one or a few individuals, most notably the queen(s). This extreme eusocial organisation exists in only a few mammals, crustaceans and insects, but strikingly, it evolved independently up to nine times in the order Hymenoptera (including ants, bees and wasps). Transitions from a solitary lifestyle to an organised society can occur through natural selection when helpers obtain a fitness benefit from cooperating with kin, owing to the indirect transmission of genes through siblings. However, this process, called kin selection, is vulnerable to parasitism and opportunistic behaviours from unrelated individuals. An ability to distinguish kin from non-kin, and to respond accordingly, could therefore critically facilitate the evolution of eusociality and the maintenance of non-reproductive workers. The question of how the hymenopteran brain has adapted to support this function is therefore a fundamental issue in evolutionary neuroethology. Early neuroanatomical investigations proposed that social Hymenoptera have expanded integrative brain areas due to selection for increased cognitive capabilities in the context of processing social information. Later studies challenged this assumption and instead pointed to an intimate link between higher social organisation and the existence of developed sensory structures involved in recognition and communication. In particular, chemical signalling of social identity, known to be mediated through cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), may have evolved hand in hand with a specialised chemosensory system in Hymenoptera. Here, we compile the current knowledge on this recognition system, from emitted identity signals, to the molecular and neuronal basis of chemical detection, with particular emphasis on its evolutionary history. Finally, we ask whether the evolution of social behaviour in Hymenoptera could have driven the expansion of their complex olfactory system, or whether the early origin and conservation of an olfactory subsystem dedicated to social recognition could explain the abundance of eusocial species in this insect order. Answering this question will require further comparative studies to provide a comprehensive view on lineage-specific adaptations in the olfactory pathway of Hymenoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Couto
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
- Evolution, Genomes, Behaviour and Ecology (UMR 9191), IDEEV, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, 12 route 128, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Simon Marty
- Evolution, Genomes, Behaviour and Ecology (UMR 9191), IDEEV, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, 12 route 128, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Erika H Dawson
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Ethology, UR 4443 (LEEC), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 99 avenue J.-B. Clément, Villetaneuse, 93430, France
| | - Patrizia d'Ettorre
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Ethology, UR 4443 (LEEC), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 99 avenue J.-B. Clément, Villetaneuse, 93430, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 103 Boulevard Saint-Michel, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Sandoz
- Evolution, Genomes, Behaviour and Ecology (UMR 9191), IDEEV, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, 12 route 128, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Stephen H Montgomery
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
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Han KR, Wang WW, Yang WQ, Li X, Liu TX, Zhang SZ. Characterization of CrufCSP1 and Its Potential Involvement in Host Location by Cotesia ruficrus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an Indigenous Parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China. INSECTS 2023; 14:920. [PMID: 38132594 PMCID: PMC10744196 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are a class of soluble proteins that facilitate the recognition of chemical signals in insects. While CSP genes have been identified in many insect species, studies investigating their function remain limited. Cotesia ruficrus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) holds promise as an indigenous biological control agent for managing the invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China. This study aimed to shed light on the gene expression, ligand binding, and molecular docking of CrufCSP1 in C. ruficrus. A RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the expression of CrufCSP1 was higher in the wings, with male adults exhibiting significantly higher relative expression levels than other developmental stages. A fluorescence competitive binding analysis further demonstrated that CrufCSP1 has a high binding ability with several host-related volatiles, with trans-2-hexenal, octanal, and benzaldehyde showing the strongest affinity to CrufCSP1. A molecular docking analysis indicated that specific amino acid residues (Phe24, Asp25, Thr53, and Lys81) of CrufCSP1 can bind to these specific ligands. Together, these findings suggest that CrufCSP1 may play a crucial role in the process of C. ruficrus locating hosts. This knowledge can contribute to the development of more efficient and eco-friendly strategies for protecting crops and managing pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ru Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (K.-R.H.); (W.-W.W.); (W.-Q.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Wen-Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (K.-R.H.); (W.-W.W.); (W.-Q.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Wen-Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (K.-R.H.); (W.-W.W.); (W.-Q.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Xian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (K.-R.H.); (W.-W.W.); (W.-Q.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Shi-Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (K.-R.H.); (W.-W.W.); (W.-Q.Y.); (X.L.)
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23
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Hou XQ, Jia Z, Zhang DD, Wang G. Odorant receptor orthologues from moths display conserved responses to cis-jasmone. INSECT SCIENCE 2023. [PMID: 38009986 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In insects, the odorant receptor (OR) multigene family evolves by the birth-and-death evolutionary model, according to which the OR repertoire of each species has undergone specific gene gains and losses depending on their chemical environment, resulting in taxon-specific OR lineage radiations with different sizes in the phylogenetic trees. Despite the general divergence in the gene family across different insect orders, the ORs in moths seem to be genetically conserved across species, clustered into 23 major clades containing multiple orthologous groups with single-copy gene from each species. We hypothesized that ORs in these orthologous groups are tuned to ecologically important compounds and functionally conserved. cis-Jasmone is one of the compounds that not only primes the plant defense of neighboring receiver plants, but also functions as a behavior regulator to various insects. To test our hypothesis, using Xenopus oocyte recordings, we functionally assayed the orthologues of BmorOR56, which has been characterized as a specific receptor for cis-jasmone. Our results showed highly conserved response specificity of the BmorOR56 orthologues, with all receptors within this group exclusively responding to cis-jasmone. This is supported by the dN/dS analysis, showing that strong purifying selection is acting on this group. Moreover, molecular docking showed that the ligand binding pockets of BmorOR56 orthologues to cis-jasmone are similar. Taken together, our results suggest the high conservation of OR for ecologically important compounds across Heterocera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Hou
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Synthetic Biology Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhongqiang Jia
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Synthetic Biology Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Guirong Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Synthetic Biology Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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24
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Himmel NJ, Moi D, Benton R. Remote homolog detection places insect chemoreceptors in a cryptic protein superfamily spanning the tree of life. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5023-5033.e4. [PMID: 37913770 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Many proteins exist in the so-called "twilight zone" of sequence alignment, where low pairwise sequence identity makes it difficult to determine homology and phylogeny.1,2 As protein tertiary structure is often more conserved,3 recent advances in ab initio protein folding have made structure-based identification of putative homologs feasible.4,5,6 We present a pipeline for the identification and characterization of distant homologs and apply it to 7-transmembrane-domain ion channels (7TMICs), a protein group founded by insect odorant and gustatory receptors. Previous sequence and limited structure-based searches identified putatively related proteins, mainly in other animals and plants.7,8,9,10 However, very few 7TMICs have been identified in non-animal, non-plant taxa. Moreover, these proteins' remarkable sequence dissimilarity made it uncertain whether disparate 7TMIC types (Gr/Or, Grl, GRL, DUF3537, PHTF, and GrlHz) are homologous or convergent, leaving their evolutionary history unresolved. Our pipeline identified thousands of new 7TMICs in archaea, bacteria, and unicellular eukaryotes. Using graph-based analyses and protein language models to extract family-wide signatures, we demonstrate that 7TMICs have structure and sequence similarity, supporting homology. Through sequence- and structure-based phylogenetics, we classify eukaryotic 7TMICs into two families (Class-A and Class-B), which are the result of a gene duplication predating the split(s) leading to Amorphea (animals, fungi, and allies) and Diaphoretickes (plants and allies). Our work reveals 7TMICs as a cryptic superfamily, with origins close to the evolution of cellular life. More generally, this study serves as a methodological proof of principle for the identification of extremely distant protein homologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J Himmel
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - David Moi
- Department of Computational Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Richard Benton
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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25
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Caminer MA, Libbrecht R, Majoe M, Ho DV, Baumann P, Foitzik S. Task-specific odorant receptor expression in worker antennae indicates that sensory filters regulate division of labor in ants. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1004. [PMID: 37783732 PMCID: PMC10545721 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Division of labor (DOL) is a characteristic trait of insect societies, where tasks are generally performed by specialized individuals. Inside workers focus on brood or nest care, while others take risks by foraging outside. Theory proposes that workers have different thresholds to perform certain tasks when confronted with task-related stimuli, leading to specialization and consequently DOL. Workers are presumed to vary in their response to task-related cues rather than in how they perceive such information. Here, we test the hypothesis that DOL instead stems from workers varying in their efficiency to detect stimuli of specific tasks. We use transcriptomics to measure mRNA expression levels in the antennae and brain of nurses and foragers of the ant Temnothorax longispinosus. We find seven times as many genes to be differentially expressed between behavioral phenotypes in the antennae compared to the brain. Moreover, half of all odorant receptors are differentially expressed, with an overrepresentation of the 9-exon gene family upregulated in the antennae of nurses. Nurses and foragers thus apparently differ in the perception of their olfactory environment and task-related signals. Our study supports the hypothesis that antennal sensory filters predispose workers to specialize in specific tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A Caminer
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Romain Libbrecht
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Megha Majoe
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - David V Ho
- Institute of Developmental and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Baumann
- Institute of Developmental and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Foitzik
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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26
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Ostrovsky MA, Smitienko OA, Bochenkova AV, Feldman TB. Similarities and Differences in Photochemistry of Type I and Type II Rhodopsins. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1528-1543. [PMID: 38105022 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of the retinal-containing proteins (rhodopsins) in nature is extremely large. Fundamental similarity of the structure and photochemical properties unites them into one family. However, there is still a debate about the origin of retinal-containing proteins: divergent or convergent evolution? In this review, based on the results of our own and literature data, a comparative analysis of the similarities and differences in the photoconversion of the rhodopsin of types I and II is carried out. The results of experimental studies of the forward and reverse photoreactions of the bacteriorhodopsin (type I) and visual rhodopsin (type II) rhodopsins in the femto- and picosecond time scale, photo-reversible reaction of the octopus rhodopsin (type II), photovoltaic reactions, as well as quantum chemical calculations of the forward photoreactions of bacteriorhodopsin and visual rhodopsin are presented. The issue of probable convergent evolution of type I and type II rhodopsins is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Ostrovsky
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Olga A Smitienko
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | | | - Tatiana B Feldman
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Moscow, 119334, Russia
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27
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Wang JX, Wei ZQ, Chen MD, Yan Q, Zhang J, Dong SL. Conserved Odorant Receptors Involved in Nonanal-Induced Female Attractive Behavior in Two Spodoptera Species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13795-13804. [PMID: 37694971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Moths rely on plant volatiles to locate appropriate plants for feeding and laying eggs. While extensive research has been conducted on the global agricultural pests, Spodoptera frugiperda and Spodoptera litura, their molecular mechanisms for detecting plant volatiles remain mostly unknown. Here, we have demonstrated that nonanal, a common plant volatile, is attractive for both virgin and gravid females of the two species. Second, we have identified a conserved odorant receptor clade (SfruOR47 clade) that is primarily tuned to nonanal. Finally, by three-dimensional (3D) structure prediction, molecular docking, and site-directed mutagenesis, we have revealed that the His57 and Glu61 residues, also shared by other six orthologous ORs, are essential for nonanal binding in SfruOR47 and SlituOR9, indicating the conserved structure and function of ORs in the SfruOR47 clade. These findings offer novel insights into the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary aspects of moth behavior in response to plant volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 210095 Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 210095 Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Dan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 210095 Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 210095 Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 210095 Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang-Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 210095 Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
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28
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Ha TS, Sengupta S, Powell J, Smith DP. An angiotensin converting enzyme homolog is required for volatile pheromone detection, odorant binding protein secretion and normal courtship behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2023; 224:iyad109. [PMID: 37283550 PMCID: PMC10484059 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In many arthropods, including insects responsible for transmission of human diseases, behaviors that include mating, aggregation, and aggression are triggered by detection of pheromones. Extracellular odorant binding proteins are critical for pheromone detection in many insects and are secreted into the fluid bathing the olfactory neuron dendrites. In Drosophila melanogaster, the odorant binding protein LUSH is essential for normal sensitivity to the volatile sex pheromone, 11-cis vaccenyl acetate (cVA). Using a genetic screen for cVA pheromone insensitivity, we identified ANCE-3, a homolog of human angiotensin converting enzyme that is required for detection of cVA pheromone. The mutants have normal dose-response curves for food odors, although olfactory neuron amplitudes are reduced in all olfactory neurons examined. ance-3 mutants have profound delays in mating, and the courtship defects are primarily but not exclusively due to loss of ance-3 function in males. We demonstrate that ANCE-3 is required in the sensillae support cells for normal reproductive behavior, and that localization of odorant binding proteins to the sensillum lymph is blocked in the mutants. Expression of an ance-3 cDNA in sensillae support cells completely rescues the cVA responses, LUSH localization, and courtship defects. We show the courtship latency defects are not due to effects on olfactory neurons in the antenna nor mediated through ORCO receptors, but instead stem from ANCE-3-dependent effects on chemosensory sensillae in other body parts. These findings reveal an unexpected factor critical for pheromone detection with profound influence on reproductive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Soo Ha
- Department of Biomedical Science, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, 38453 Republic of Korea
| | - Samarpita Sengupta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
| | - Jordan Powell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
| | - Dean P Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
- O’Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
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29
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Zhang Y, Wang B, Zhou Y, Liao M, Sheng C, Cao H, Gao Q. Identification and characterization of odorant receptors in Plutella xylostella antenna response to 2,3-dimethyl-6-(1-hydroxy)-pyrazine. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:105523. [PMID: 37532335 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), a worldwide migratory pest that is developing strong resistance to various chemical insecticides. It has been determined that four natural pyrazines isolated from Allium tuberosum showed significant repellent activity to P. xylostella, but the molecular target still unknown. In the present study, a novel synthetic route for 2,3-dimethyl-6-(1-hydroxy)-pyrazine which has the most significant repellent activity with a purity of 90.60% was established. Simultaneously, the bioassay result declared that the repellent grade was IV at a dosage of 0.01 mg which was the same as to the published data. Transcriptomics analysis detected 1643 upregulated and 3837 downregulated genes in P. xylostella antennae following this pyrazine exposure. Then, 2142 differentially expressed genes were annotated using Gene Ontology and 2757 genes were annotated by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Moreover, this procedure identified 84 odour perception-related genes, 58 odorant receptor (OR) genes including 57 conventional ORs and the odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco, atypical odorant receptor) gene, and 26 odorant-binding protein (OBP) genes. Based on quantitative real time PCR (RT-qPCR) and differential expression results, 9 OR genes including the Orco were cloned and characterised. In summary, this study provides important basis for the utilization of pyrazines as the main active ingredients or lead compounds to developing new botanical pesticides, which will reduce application of chemical pesticides and postpone the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Zhang
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China
| | - Buguo Wang
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China
| | - Yeping Zhou
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China
| | - Min Liao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China
| | - Chengwang Sheng
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China
| | - Quan Gao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China.
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30
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Steele TJ, Lanz AJ, Nagel KI. Olfactory navigation in arthropods. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2023; 209:467-488. [PMID: 36658447 PMCID: PMC10354148 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-022-01611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Using odors to find food and mates is one of the most ancient and highly conserved behaviors. Arthropods from flies to moths to crabs use broadly similar strategies to navigate toward odor sources-such as integrating flow information with odor information, comparing odor concentration across sensors, and integrating odor information over time. Because arthropods share many homologous brain structures-antennal lobes for processing olfactory information, mechanosensors for processing flow, mushroom bodies (or hemi-ellipsoid bodies) for associative learning, and central complexes for navigation, it is likely that these closely related behaviors are mediated by conserved neural circuits. However, differences in the types of odors they seek, the physics of odor dispersal, and the physics of locomotion in water, air, and on substrates mean that these circuits must have adapted to generate a wide diversity of odor-seeking behaviors. In this review, we discuss common strategies and specializations observed in olfactory navigation behavior across arthropods, and review our current knowledge about the neural circuits subserving this behavior. We propose that a comparative study of arthropod nervous systems may provide insight into how a set of basic circuit structures has diversified to generate behavior adapted to different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa J Steele
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU School of Medicine, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Aaron J Lanz
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU School of Medicine, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Katherine I Nagel
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU School of Medicine, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Zhang Y, Han HB, Li YY, Xu LB, Hao LF, Wang H, Wang WH, Gao SJ, Lin KJ. Functional Characterization of Pheromone Receptors in the Beet Webworm, Loxostege sticticalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:584. [PMID: 37504590 PMCID: PMC10380584 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Lepidopteran insects mainly rely on sex pheromones to complete sexual communications. Pheromone receptors (PRs) are expressed on the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) of the sensilla trichodea and play an essential role in sexual communication. Despite extensive investigations into the mechanisms of peripheral recognition of sex pheromones in Lepidoptera, knowledge about these mechanisms in L. sticticalis remains limited. In this study, five candidate LstiPRs were analyzed in a phylogenetic tree with those of other Lepidopteran insects. Electroantennography (EAG) assays showed that the major sex pheromone component E11-14:OAc elicited a stronger antennal response than other compounds in male moths. Moreover, two types of neurons in sensilla trichodea were classified by single sensillum recordings, of which the "a" neuron specifically responded to E11-14:OAc. Five candidate PRs were functionally assayed by the heterologous expression system of Xenopus oocytes, and LstiPR2 responded to the major sex pheromone E11-14:OAc. Our findings suggest that LstiPR2 is a PR sensitive to L. sticticalis's major sex pheromone compound, E11-14:OAc. Furthermore, this study offers valuable insights into the sexual communication behavior of L. sticticalis, forming a foundation for further analysis of the species' central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biohazard Monitoring, Green Prevention and Control for Artificial Grassland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Hai-Bin Han
- Key Laboratory of Biohazard Monitoring, Green Prevention and Control for Artificial Grassland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Yan-Yan Li
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Lin-Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biohazard Monitoring, Green Prevention and Control for Artificial Grassland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Li-Fen Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biohazard Monitoring, Green Prevention and Control for Artificial Grassland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biohazard Monitoring, Green Prevention and Control for Artificial Grassland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Wen-He Wang
- Forest Farm of Baichengzi of Alukeerqin Banner, Chifeng 024000, China
| | - Shu-Jing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biohazard Monitoring, Green Prevention and Control for Artificial Grassland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Ke-Jian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biohazard Monitoring, Green Prevention and Control for Artificial Grassland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
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32
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Álvarez-Ocaña R, Shahandeh MP, Ray V, Auer TO, Gompel N, Benton R. Odor-regulated oviposition behavior in an ecological specialist. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3041. [PMID: 37236992 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonization of a novel ecological niche can require, or be driven by, evolution of an animal's behaviors promoting their reproductive success. We investigated the evolution and sensory basis of oviposition in Drosophila sechellia, a close relative of Drosophila melanogaster that exhibits extreme specialism for Morinda citrifolia noni fruit. D. sechellia produces fewer eggs than other drosophilids and lays these almost exclusively on noni substrates. We show that visual, textural and social cues do not explain this species-specific preference. By contrast, we find that loss of olfactory input in D. sechellia, but not D. melanogaster, essentially abolishes egg-laying, suggesting that olfaction gates gustatory-driven noni preference. Noni odors are detected by redundant olfactory pathways, but we discover a role for hexanoic acid and the cognate Ionotropic receptor 75b (Ir75b) in odor-evoked oviposition. Through receptor exchange in D. melanogaster, we provide evidence for a causal contribution of odor-tuning changes in Ir75b to the evolution of D. sechellia's oviposition behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Álvarez-Ocaña
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael P Shahandeh
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vijayaditya Ray
- Evolutionary Ecology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Fakultät für Biologie, Biozentrum, Grosshaderner Strasse 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas O Auer
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Gompel
- Evolutionary Ecology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Fakultät für Biologie, Biozentrum, Grosshaderner Strasse 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Richard Benton
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Prelic S, Getahun MN, Kaltofen S, Hansson BS, Wicher D. Modulation of the NO-cGMP pathway has no effect on olfactory responses in the Drosophila antenna. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1180798. [PMID: 37305438 PMCID: PMC10248080 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1180798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfaction is a crucial sensory modality in insects and is underpinned by odor-sensitive sensory neurons expressing odorant receptors that function in the dendrites as odorant-gated ion channels. Along with expression, trafficking, and receptor complexing, the regulation of odorant receptor function is paramount to ensure the extraordinary sensory abilities of insects. However, the full extent of regulation of sensory neuron activity remains to be elucidated. For instance, our understanding of the intracellular effectors that mediate signaling pathways within antennal cells is incomplete within the context of olfaction in vivo. Here, with the use of optical and electrophysiological techniques in live antennal tissue, we investigate whether nitric oxide signaling occurs in the sensory periphery of Drosophila. To answer this, we first query antennal transcriptomic datasets to demonstrate the presence of nitric oxide signaling machinery in antennal tissue. Next, by applying various modulators of the NO-cGMP pathway in open antennal preparations, we show that olfactory responses are unaffected by a wide panel of NO-cGMP pathway inhibitors and activators over short and long timescales. We further examine the action of cAMP and cGMP, cyclic nucleotides previously linked to olfactory processes as intracellular potentiators of receptor functioning, and find that both long-term and short-term applications or microinjections of cGMP have no effect on olfactory responses in vivo as measured by calcium imaging and single sensillum recording. The absence of the effect of cGMP is shown in contrast to cAMP, which elicits increased responses when perfused shortly before olfactory responses in OSNs. Taken together, the apparent absence of nitric oxide signaling in olfactory neurons indicates that this gaseous messenger may play no role as a regulator of olfactory transduction in insects, though may play other physiological roles at the sensory periphery of the antenna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinisa Prelic
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Merid N. Getahun
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sabine Kaltofen
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Bill S. Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Dieter Wicher
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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Lee SG, Sun D, Miao H, Wu Z, Kang C, Saad B, Nguyen KNH, Guerra-Phalen A, Bui D, Abbas AH, Trinh B, Malik A, Zeghal M, Auge AC, Islam ME, Wong K, Stern T, Lebedev E, Sherratt TN, Kim WJ. Taste and pheromonal inputs govern the regulation of time investment for mating by sexual experience in male Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010753. [PMID: 37216404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Males have finite resources to spend on reproduction. Thus, males rely on a 'time investment strategy' to maximize their reproductive success. For example, male Drosophila melanogaster extends their mating duration when surrounded by conditions enriched with rivals. Here we report a different form of behavioral plasticity whereby male fruit flies exhibit a shortened duration of mating when they are sexually experienced; we refer to this plasticity as 'shorter-mating-duration (SMD)'. SMD is a plastic behavior and requires sexually dimorphic taste neurons. We identified several neurons in the male foreleg and midleg that express specific sugar and pheromone receptors. Using a cost-benefit model and behavioral experiments, we further show that SMD behavior exhibits adaptive behavioral plasticity in male flies. Thus, our study delineates the molecular and cellular basis of the sensory inputs required for SMD; this represents a plastic interval timing behavior that could serve as a model system to study how multisensory inputs converge to modify interval timing behavior for improved adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Gee Lee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dongyu Sun
- The HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Miao
- The HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zekun Wu
- The HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Changku Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Baraa Saad
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Adrian Guerra-Phalen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dorothy Bui
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Al-Hassan Abbas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Brian Trinh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ashvent Malik
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mahdi Zeghal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Anne-Christine Auge
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Md Ehteshamul Islam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kyle Wong
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tiffany Stern
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Lebedev
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Woo Jae Kim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- The HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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35
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He H, Crabbe MJC, Ren Z. Genome-wide identification and characterization of the chemosensory relative protein genes in Rhus gall aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:222. [PMID: 37118660 PMCID: PMC10142413 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Rhus gall aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis specially uses the only species Rhus chinensis and certain moss species (Mniaceae) as its primary host plant and secondary host plants, respectively. Rhus galls are formed on the primary host by the sucking of aphids, and used in traditional medicine as well as other various areas due to their high tannin contents. Chemoreception is critical for insect behaviors such as host searching, location and identification of mates and reproductive behavior. The process of chemoreception is mediated by a series of protein gene families, including odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs), olfactory receptors (ORs), gustatory receptors (GRs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), and sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). However, there have been no reports on the analysis of molecular components related to the chemoreception system of S. chinensis at the genome level. RESULTS We examined the genes of eight OBPs, nine CSPs, 24 ORs, 16 GRs, 22 IRs, and five SNMPs in the S. chinensis genome using homological searches, and these chemosensory genes appeared mostly on chromosome 1. Phylogenetic and gene number analysis revealed that the gene families, e.g., ORs, GRs, CSPs and SNMPs in S. chinensis, have experienced major contractions by comparing to Myzus persicae, while the two gene families OBPs and IRs had slight expansion. The current results might be related to the broader host range of M. persicae versus the specialization of S. chinensis on only a host plant. There were 28 gene pairs between genomes of S. chinensis and Acyrthosiphon pisum in the chemoreceptor gene families by collinear comparison. Ka/Ks ratios (< 1) indicated that the genes of S. chinensis were mainly affected by purification selection during evolution. We also found the lower number and expression level of chemoreception genes in S. chinensis than in other 11 aphid species, such as ORs, GRs and IRs, which play an important role in host search. CONCLUSION Our study firstly identified the genes of the different chemosensory protein gene families in the S. chinensis genome, and analyzed their general features and expression profile, demonstrating the importance of chemoreception in the aphid and providing new information for further functional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli He
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - M James C Crabbe
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
- Wolfson College, Oxford University, Oxford, OX2 6UD, UK
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science & Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, LU1 3JU, UK
| | - Zhumei Ren
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.
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36
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Benton R, Dahanukar A. Chemosensory Coding in Drosophila Single Sensilla. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2023; 2023:107803-pdb.top. [PMID: 36446528 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top107803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The chemical senses-smell and taste-detect and discriminate an enormous diversity of environmental stimuli and provide fascinating but challenging models to investigate how sensory cues are represented in the brain. Important stimulus-coding events occur in peripheral sensory neurons, which express specific combinations of chemosensory receptors with defined ligand-response profiles. These receptors convert ligand recognition into spatial and temporal patterns of neural activity that are transmitted to, and interpreted in, central brain regions. Drosophila melanogaster provides an attractive model to study chemosensory coding because it possesses relatively simple peripheral olfactory and gustatory systems that display many organizational parallels to those of vertebrates. Moreover, nearly all peripheral chemosensory neurons have been molecularly characterized and are accessible for physiological analysis, as they are exposed on the surface of sensory organs housed in specialized hairs called sensilla. Here, we briefly review anatomical, molecular, and physiological properties of adult Drosophila olfactory and gustatory systems and provide background to methods for electrophysiological recordings of ligand-evoked activity from different types of chemosensory sensilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Benton
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anupama Dahanukar
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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37
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Cheng J, Chen Q, Guo Q, Du Y. Moth sex pheromones affect interspecific competition among sympatric species and possibly population distribution by modulating pre-mating behavior. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:501-516. [PMID: 35900899 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Premating behaviors mediated by pheromones play pivotal roles in animal mating choices. In natural populations of the striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis and the rice leaf roller Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in the rice field habitat, we discovered that Z11-16:Ald, a major component of the C. suppressalis pheromone, modulated the premating behavior of C. medinalis. Z11-16:Ald evoked a strong olfactory response in male antennae and strongly inhibited the sex pheromone trapping of male C. medinalis in the field. The functions of three C. medinalis sex pheromone receptor genes (CmedPR1-3) were verified through heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes. CmedPR1 responded to Z11-18:OH and Z11-18:Ald, as well as the interspecific pheromone compound Z11-16:Ac of sympatric species; CmedPR2 responded to Z13-18:OH and Z13-18:Ald, as well as the sex pheromone compounds Z11-16:Ald and Z9-16:Ald of sympatric species; and CmedPR3 responded to Z11-18:OH and Z13-18:OH, as well as the interspecific pheromones Z11-16:OH, Z9-16:Ald, Z11-16:Ac, and Z11-16:Ald of sympatric species. Thus, CmedPR2 and CmedPR3 share the ligand Z11-16:Ald, which is not a component of the C. medinalis sex pheromone. Therefore, the sex pheromones of interspecific species affected the input of neural signals by stimulating the sex pheromone receptors on the antennae of male C. medinalis moths, thereby inhibiting the olfactory responses of the male moths to the sex pheromones. Our results demonstrate chemical communication among sympatric species in the rice field habitat, the recognition of intra- and interspecific sex pheromones by olfactory receptors, and how insect premating behaviors are modulated to possibly affect resource partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Cheng
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianshuang Guo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Du
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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38
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Structure modelling of odorant receptor from Aedes aegypti and identification of potential repellent molecules. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:2204-2214. [PMID: 37013002 PMCID: PMC10066510 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Odorant receptors (ORs) are important class of proteins involved in olfactory behaviour of insects. These are GPCR-like heptahelical transmembrane proteins with inverted topology compared to GPCR and require a co-receptor (ORco) for their function. OR function can be modulated through small molecules and negative modulation can be beneficial in case of disease vectors like Aedes aegypti. OR4 of A. aegypti is implicated in host recognition through human odour. Aedes aegypti is a vector for viruses that spread diseases like dengue, Zika and Chikungunya. In this study, we have attempted to model the full-length structure of OR4 and the ORco of A. aegypti due to lack of experimental structure. Further, we have screened a library of natural compounds (>0.3 million) along with known repellent molecules against ORco and OR4. Many natural compounds, including those from plants like Ocimum tenuiflorum (Holy Basil) and Piper nigrum (Black pepper), were found to have better binding affinity towards ORco compared to known repellents like DEET providing an alternative to existing repellent molecules. For specific inhibitor of OR4, several natural compounds (including those from plant like Mulberry) were identified. Further, we have utilized multiple docking approaches and conservation analysis to understand the interaction between OR4 and ORco. It was observed that the residues from the seventh transmembrane helix of OR4 and pore forming helix of ORco could play an important role along with known intracellular loop 3 residues in mediating the heteromer formation of OR and ORco.
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Benton R, Himmel NJ. Structural screens identify candidate human homologs of insect chemoreceptors and cryptic Drosophila gustatory receptor-like proteins. eLife 2023; 12:85537. [PMID: 36803935 PMCID: PMC9998090 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect odorant receptors and gustatory receptors define a superfamily of seven transmembrane domain ion channels (referred to here as 7TMICs), with homologs identified across Animalia except Chordata. Previously, we used sequence-based screening methods to reveal conservation of this family in unicellular eukaryotes and plants (DUF3537 proteins) (Benton et al., 2020). Here, we combine three-dimensional structure-based screening, ab initio protein folding predictions, phylogenetics, and expression analyses to characterize additional candidate homologs with tertiary but little or no primary structural similarity to known 7TMICs, including proteins in disease-causing Trypanosoma. Unexpectedly, we identify structural similarity between 7TMICs and PHTF proteins, a deeply conserved family of unknown function, whose human orthologs display enriched expression in testis, cerebellum, and muscle. We also discover divergent groups of 7TMICs in insects, which we term the gustatory receptor-like (Grl) proteins. Several Drosophila melanogaster Grls display selective expression in subsets of taste neurons, suggesting that they are previously unrecognized insect chemoreceptors. Although we cannot exclude the possibility of remarkable structural convergence, our findings support the origin of 7TMICs in a eukaryotic common ancestor, counter previous assumptions of complete loss of 7TMICs in Chordata, and highlight the extreme evolvability of this protein fold, which likely underlies its functional diversification in different cellular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Benton
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Nathaniel J Himmel
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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40
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Schwartz M, Boichot V, Fraichard S, Muradova M, Senet P, Nicolai A, Lirussi F, Bas M, Canon F, Heydel JM, Neiers F. Role of Insect and Mammal Glutathione Transferases in Chemoperception. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020322. [PMID: 36830691 PMCID: PMC9953322 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are ubiquitous key enzymes with different activities as transferases or isomerases. As key detoxifying enzymes, GSTs are expressed in the chemosensory organs. They fulfill an essential protective role because the chemosensory organs are located in the main entry paths of exogenous compounds within the body. In addition to this protective function, they modulate the perception process by metabolizing exogenous molecules, including tastants and odorants. Chemosensory detection involves the interaction of chemosensory molecules with receptors. GST contributes to signal termination by metabolizing these molecules. By reducing the concentration of chemosensory molecules before receptor binding, GST modulates receptor activation and, therefore, the perception of these molecules. The balance of chemoperception by GSTs has been shown in insects as well as in mammals, although their chemosensory systems are not evolutionarily connected. This review will provide knowledge supporting the involvement of GSTs in chemoperception, describing their localization in these systems as well as their enzymatic capacity toward odorants, sapid molecules, and pheromones in insects and mammals. Their different roles in chemosensory organs will be discussed in light of the evolutionary advantage of the coupling of the detoxification system and chemosensory system through GSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Schwartz
- Laboratory: Flavour Perception: Molecular Mechanims (Flavours), INRAE, CNRS, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Valentin Boichot
- Laboratory: Flavour Perception: Molecular Mechanims (Flavours), INRAE, CNRS, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Fraichard
- Laboratory: Flavour Perception: Molecular Mechanims (Flavours), INRAE, CNRS, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mariam Muradova
- Laboratory: Flavour Perception: Molecular Mechanims (Flavours), INRAE, CNRS, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Patrick Senet
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Adrien Nicolai
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Frederic Lirussi
- UMR 1231, Lipides Nutrition Cancer, INSERM, 21000 Dijon, France
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
- Plateforme PACE, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Mathilde Bas
- Laboratory: Flavour Perception: Molecular Mechanims (Flavours), INRAE, CNRS, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Francis Canon
- Laboratory: Flavour Perception: Molecular Mechanims (Flavours), INRAE, CNRS, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Marie Heydel
- Laboratory: Flavour Perception: Molecular Mechanims (Flavours), INRAE, CNRS, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Fabrice Neiers
- Laboratory: Flavour Perception: Molecular Mechanims (Flavours), INRAE, CNRS, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence:
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41
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Ning X, Huang C, Dong C, Jin J, Qiao X, Guo J, Qian W, Cao F, Wan F. RNAi verifications on olfactory defects of an essential biocontrol agent Agasicles hygrophila (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) regarding mating and host allocation. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1104962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alligator weed Alternanthera philoxeroides is a perennial, worldwide pernicious weed. The beetle Agasicles hygrophila is considered to be a classical biological agent used to control A. philoxeroides. In the insect peripheral olfactory system, the odorant receptor co-receptor (ORco) plays an important function in the perception of odors in insects. However, the function of ORco in the mating and host-finding behaviors of A. hygrophila remains unclear. In this study, we characterized the odorant receptor co-receptor of A. hygrophila (AhygOrco). Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT–PCR) showed that AhygOrco was predominantly expressed in the antennae of both male and female adults, and the difference between male and female antennae was not significant. The RNA interference (RNAi) results showed that compared to the control, the injection of AhygOrco dsRNA strongly reduced the expression of AhygOrco by 90% in male beetles and 89% in female beetles. The mate-seeking and feeding behavior of AhygOrco-silenced beetles were significantly inhibited. Male adults were significantly less successful in finding a mate compared to the control group. Furthermore, host allocation abilities toward A. philoxeroides of both adults were significantly repressed. These results indicated that AhygOrco is associated with A. hygrophila feeding and mate-seeking and that inhibition of AhygOrco expression is one of the causes of reduced host and mate recognition in A. hygrophila. Meanwhile, the study provides support for exploring gene functions based on RNAi.
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Olfactory and gustatory receptor genes in fig wasps: Evolutionary insights from comparative studies. Gene 2023; 850:146953. [PMID: 36243214 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of chemoreception in fig wasps (Hymenoptera, Agaonidae) are of primary importance in their co-evolutionary relationship with the fig trees they pollinate. We used transcriptome sequences of 25 fig wasps in six genera that allowed a comparative approach to the evolution of key molecular components of fig wasp chemoreception: their odorant (OR) and gustatory (GR) receptor genes. In total, we identified 311 ORs and 47 GRs, with each species recording from 5 to 30 OR genes and 1-4 GR genes. 304 OR genes clustered into 18 orthologous groups known to be sensitive to cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC), pheromones, acids, alcohols and a variety of floral scents such as cineole, Linalool, and Heptanone. 45 GR genes clustered into 4 orthologous groups that contain sweet, bitter, CO2 and undocumented receptors. Gene sequences in most orthologous groups varied greatly among species, except for ORco (60.0% conserved) and sweet receptors (30.7% conserved). Strong purifying selection of both odorant and gustatory genes was detected, as shown by low ω values. Signatures of positive selection were detected in loci from both OR and GR orthologous groups. Fig wasps have relatively few olfactory and especially gustatory receptors, reflecting the natural history of the system. Amino acid sequences nonetheless vary significantly between species and are consistent with the phylogenetic relationships among fig wasps. The differences in ORs within some orthologous groups from the same species, but different hosts and from closely related species from one host can reach as low as 49.3% and 9.8% respectively, implying the ORs of fig wasps can evolve rapidly to novel ecological environments. Our results provide a starting point for understanding the molecular basis of the chemosensory systems of fig wasps.
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Sun H, Bu LA, Su SC, Guo D, Gao CF, Wu SF. Knockout of the odorant receptor co-receptor, orco, impairs feeding, mating and egg-laying behavior in the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 152:103889. [PMID: 36493964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory transduction system of insects is involved in multiple behavioral processes such as foraging, mating, and egg-laying behavior. In the insect olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), the odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco) is an obligatory component that is required for dimerization with odorant receptors (ORs) to form a ligand-gated ion channel complex. The ORs/Orco heteromeric complex plays a crucial role in insect olfaction. To explore the function of OR-mediated olfaction in the physiological behavior of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, we applied CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to mutate its Orco gene and constructed a homozygous mutant strain of Orco (Orco-/-) by genetic crosses. Electroantennogram (EAG) analysis showed that the responses of Orco-/- male moths to two universal sex pheromones, Z9-14: Ac and Z7-12: Ac, were abolished. We found that Orco-/- males cannot successfully mate with female moths. An oviposition preference assay confirmed that Orco-/- female moths had a reduced preference for the optimal host plant maize. A larval feeding assay revealed that the time for Orco-/- larvae to locate the food source was significantly longer than in the wild-type. Overall, in the absence of Orco, the OR-dependent olfactory behavior was impaired in both larval and adult stages. Our results confirm that Orco is essential for multiple behavioral processes related to olfaction in the fall armyworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Weigang Road 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling-Ao Bu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Weigang Road 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shao-Cong Su
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Weigang Road 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Weigang Road 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cong-Fen Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Weigang Road 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shun-Fan Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Weigang Road 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Jiao J, Zhu R, Ren L, Tao J, Luo Y. Identification and expression profile analysis of chemosensory genes in pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Front Physiol 2023; 14:1123479. [PMID: 36875036 PMCID: PMC9978445 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1123479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects have highly specialized and sensitive olfactory systems involving several chemosensory genes to locate their mates and hosts or escape from predators. Pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), has invaded China since 2016 and caused serious damage. Till now, there is no environmentally friendly measure to control this gall midge. Screening molecules with high affinity to target odorant-binding protein to develop highly efficient attractants is a potential pest management method. However, the chemosensory genes in T. japonensis are still unclear. We identified 67 chemosensory-related genes in the transcriptomes of antennae, including 26 OBPs, 2 CSPs, 17 ORs, 3 SNMPs, 6 GRs, and 13 IRs, using high throughput sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of these six chemosensory gene families among Dipteran was performed to classify and predict the functions. The expression profiles of OBPs, CSPs and ORs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. 16 of the 26 OBPs were biased expressed in antennae. TjapORco and TjapOR5 were highly expressed in the antenna of unmated male and female adults. The functions of related OBPs and ORs genes were also discussed. These results provide a basis for the functional research on chemosensory genes at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipeng Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Ren
- Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Beijing Forestry University/French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Beijing Forestry University/French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Beijing, China
| | - Youqing Luo
- Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Beijing Forestry University/French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Beijing, China
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Dong JF, Yang HB, Li DX, Yu HQ, Tian CH. Identification and expression analysis of chemosensory receptors in the tarsi of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Front Physiol 2023; 14:1177297. [PMID: 37101698 PMCID: PMC10123274 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1177297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemosensation of tarsi provides moths with the ability to detect chemical signals which are important for food recognition. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the chemosensory roles of tarsi are still unknown. The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is a serious moth pest that can damage many plants worldwide. In the current study, we conducted transcriptome sequencing with total RNA extracted from S. frugiperda tarsi. Through sequence assembly and gene annotation, 23 odorant receptors 10 gustatory receptors and 10 inotropic receptors (IRs) were identified. Further phylogenetic analysis with these genes and homologs from other insect species indicated specific genes, including ORco, carbon dioxide receptors, fructose receptor, IR co-receptors, and sugar receptors were expressed in the tarsi of S. frugiperda. Expression profiling with RT-qPCR in different tissues of adult S. frugiperda showed that most annotated SfruORs and SfruIRs were mainly expressed in the antennae, and most SfruGRs were mainly expressed in the proboscises. However, SfruOR30, SfruGR9, SfruIR60a, SfruIR64a, SfruIR75d, and SfruIR76b were also highly enriched in the tarsi of S. frugiperda. Especially SfruGR9, the putative fructose receptor, was predominantly expressed in the tarsi, and with its levels significantly higher in the female tarsi than in the male ones. Moreover, SfruIR60a was also found to be expressed with higher levels in the tarsi than in other tissues. This study not only improves our insight into the tarsal chemoreception systems of S. frugiperda but also provides useful information for further functional studies of chemosensory receptors in S. frugiperda tarsi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Dong
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Ding-Xu Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Hong-Qi Yu
- Information Center of Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-Qi Yu, ; Cai-Hong Tian,
| | - Cai-Hong Tian
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-Qi Yu, ; Cai-Hong Tian,
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Zhang Q, Chen J, Wang Y, Lu Y, Dong Z, Shi W, Pang L, Ren S, Chen X, Huang J. The odorant receptor co-receptor gene contributes to mating and host-searching behaviors in parasitoid wasps. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:454-463. [PMID: 36177949 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological control of pest insects by parasitoid wasps is an effective and environmentally friendly strategy compared with the use of synthetic pesticides. Successful courtship and host-search behaviors of parasitoid wasps are important for biological control efficiency and are often mediated by chemical odorant cues. The odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco) gene has an essential role in the perception of odors in insects. However, the function of Orco in the mating and host-searching behaviors of parasitoid wasps remains underexplored. RESULTS We identified the full-length Orco genes of four Drosophila parasitoid species in the genus Leptopilina, namely L. heterotoma, L. boulardi, L. syphax and L. drosophilae. Sequence alignment and membrane-topology analysis showed that Leptopilina Orcos had similar amino acid sequences and topology structures. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Leptopilina Orcos were highly conserved. Furthermore, the results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions showed that all four Orco genes had a typical antennae-biased tissue expression pattern. After knockdown of Orco in these different parasitoid species, we found that Orco-deficient male parasitoid wasps, but not females, lost their courtship ability. Moreover, Orco-deficient female parasitoid wasps presented impaired host-searching performance and decreased oviposition rates. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that Orcos are essential in the mating and host-searching behaviors of parasitoid wasps. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the functions of Orco genes have been characterized in parasitoid wasps, which broadens our understanding of the chemoreception basis of parasitoid wasps and contributes to developing advanced pest management strategies. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Zhang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueqi Lu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Shi
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Pang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaopeng Ren
- Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuexin Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wu ZR, Fan JT, Tong N, Guo JM, Li Y, Lu M, Liu XL. Transcriptome analysis and identification of chemosensory genes in the larvae of Plagiodera versicolora. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:845. [PMID: 36544089 PMCID: PMC9773597 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In insects, the chemosensory system is crucial in guiding their behaviors for survival. Plagiodera versicolora (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a worldwide leaf-eating forest pest in salicaceous trees. There is little known about the chemosensory genes in P. versicolora. Here, we conducted a transcriptome analysis of larvae heads in P. versicolora. RESULTS In this study, 29 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 6 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 14 odorant receptors (ORs), 13 gustatory receptors (GRs), 8 ionotropic receptors (IRs) and 4 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) were identified by transcriptome analysis. Compared to the previous antennae and foreleg transcriptome data in adults, 12 OBPs, 2 CSPs, 5 ORs, 4 IRs, and 7 GRs were newly identified in the larvae. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted and found a new candidate CO2 receptor (PverGR18) and a new sugar receptor (PverGR23) in the tree of GRs. Subsequently, the dynamic expression profiles of various genes were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that PverOBP31, OBP34, OBP35, OBP38, and OBP40 were highly expressed in larvae, PverOBP33 and OBP37 were highly expressed in pupae, and PverCSP13 was highly expressed in eggs, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We identified a total of 74 putative chemosensory genes based on a transcriptome analysis of larvae heads in P. versicolora. This work provides new information for functional studies on the chemoreception mechanism in P. versicolora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Ran Wu
- grid.34418.3a0000 0001 0727 9022State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Jian-Ting Fan
- grid.443483.c0000 0000 9152 7385School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficient Preparation of Biopesticide, Lin’an, 311300 China
| | - Na Tong
- grid.34418.3a0000 0001 0727 9022State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Jin-Meng Guo
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/ Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yang Li
- grid.34418.3a0000 0001 0727 9022State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Min Lu
- grid.34418.3a0000 0001 0727 9022State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Xiao-Long Liu
- grid.34418.3a0000 0001 0727 9022State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
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Abstract
Among the many wonders of nature, the sense of smell of the fly Drosophila melanogaster might seem, at first glance, of esoteric interest. Nevertheless, for over a century, the 'nose' of this insect has been an extraordinary system to explore questions in animal behaviour, ecology and evolution, neuroscience, physiology and molecular genetics. The insights gained are relevant for our understanding of the sensory biology of vertebrates, including humans, and other insect species, encompassing those detrimental to human health. Here, I present an overview of our current knowledge of D. melanogaster olfaction, from molecules to behaviours, with an emphasis on the historical motivations of studies and illustration of how technical innovations have enabled advances. I also highlight some of the pressing and long-term questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Benton
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Chen HH, Dewer Y, Wang Y, Tan SQ, Liu XL, Shi WP. Interference with orco gene expression affects host recognition in Diorhabda tarsalis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1069391. [PMID: 36605899 PMCID: PMC9808408 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1069391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Diorhabda tarsalis Weise is an important insect pest of the Chinese licorice Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Behavior of the beetle, including host location, oviposition site selection, self-defense, and aggregation, were regulated by plant volatiles or insect pheromones. Aim: In this study, Identification of ORs and function research on orco were carried out, these could lead to the development of understand for olfaction mechanism in D. tarsalis. Methods: ORs were identified by PacBio RS II platform to sequence the antennas of adult D. tarsalis, the function of orco was explored by dsRNA interference. Results: 29 odorant receptor candidate genes of D. tarsalis were obtained, which code for 130-479 amino acids. Phylogenetic trees of olfactory receptors were constructed with 243 ORs from eight Coleoptera species. DtarORco, DtarOR7 and DtarOR26 are specifically expressed in the antenna, and the expression levels were significantly higher than other DtarORs in antenna, there were no differential expression between male and female beetles. An odorant coreceptor gene (DtarORco) has characteristics of an odorant receptor family member, the encoded mature protein has a predicted molecular weight of 53.898 kDa, dsRNA L4440 expression vectors were constructed and successfully transformed into ribonuclease III-deficient Escherichia coli strain HT115 DE3. After interference treatment, the relative expression level of DtarORco in D. tarsalis antennae significantly decreased and electrophysiological responses to host localization odor signals significantly decreased. At the same time, beetles lost the ability to locate hosts. Discussion: The research on its mechanism of olfaction may lead to the development of new control measures that are environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hao Chen
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management Chinese Medicinal Herbs Research Center and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Youssef Dewer
- Phytotoxicity Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shu-Qian Tan
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management Chinese Medicinal Herbs Research Center and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Li Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wang-Peng Shi
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management Chinese Medicinal Herbs Research Center and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Wang-Peng Shi,
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50
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Calvin-Cejudo L, Martin F, Mendez LR, Coya R, Castañeda-Sampedro A, Gomez-Diaz C, Alcorta E. Neuron-glia interaction at the receptor level affects olfactory perception in adult Drosophila. iScience 2022; 26:105837. [PMID: 36624835 PMCID: PMC9823236 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Some types of glia play an active role in neuronal signaling by modifying their activity although little is known about their role in sensory information signaling at the receptor level. In this research, we report a functional role for the glia that surround the soma of the olfactory receptor neurons (OSNs) in adult Drosophila. Specific genetic modifications have been targeted to this cell type to obtain live individuals who are tested for olfactory preference and display changes both increasing and reducing sensitivity. A closer look at the antenna by Ca2+ imaging shows that odor activates the OSNs, which subsequently produce an opposite and smaller effect in the glia that partially counterbalances neuronal activation. Therefore, these glia may play a dual role in preventing excessive activation of the OSNs at high odorant concentrations and tuning the chemosensory window for the individual according to the network structure in the receptor organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Calvin-Cejudo
- Group of Neurobiology of the Sensory Systems (NEUROSEN), Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando Martin
- Group of Neurobiology of the Sensory Systems (NEUROSEN), Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis R. Mendez
- Group of Neurobiology of the Sensory Systems (NEUROSEN), Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ruth Coya
- Group of Neurobiology of the Sensory Systems (NEUROSEN), Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Castañeda-Sampedro
- Group of Neurobiology of the Sensory Systems (NEUROSEN), Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carolina Gomez-Diaz
- Group of Neurobiology of the Sensory Systems (NEUROSEN), Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Esther Alcorta
- Group of Neurobiology of the Sensory Systems (NEUROSEN), Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Corresponding author
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