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Scaccia N, da Silva Fonseca JV, Megueya AL, de Aragão GL, Rasolofoarison T, de Paula AV, de Vinci Kanda Kupa L, Tchatchueng J, Makuetche K, Rasolojaona TZ, Rasamoelina T, Razzolini MTP, Duarte NJC, Mendes-Correa MC, Samison LH, Guimaraes T, Sabino EC, Komurian-Pradel F, Nzouankeu A, Costa SF. Analysis of chlorhexidine, antibiotics and bacterial community composition in water environments from Brazil, Cameroon and Madagascar during the COVID-19 pandemic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:173016. [PMID: 38723967 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The widespread of chlorhexidine and antibiotics in the water bodies, which grew during the global COVID-19 pandemic, can increase the dispersion of antibiotic resistance. We assessed the occurrence of these pharmaceutical compounds as well as SARS-CoV-2 and analysed the bacterial community structure of hospital and urban wastewaters from Brazil, Cameroon, and Madagascar. Water and wastewater samples (n = 59) were collected between January-June 2022. Chlorhexidine, azithromycin, levofloxacin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin and meropenem were screened by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer. SARS-CoV-2 was detected based on the nucleocapsid gene (in Cameroon and Madagascar), and envelope and spike protein-encoding genes (in Brazil). The total community-DNA was extracted and used for bacterial community analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene. To unravel likely interaction between pharmaceutical compounds and/or SARS-CoV-2 with the water bacterial community, multivariate statistics were performed. Chlorhexidine was found in hospital wastewater effluent from Brazil with a maximum concentration value of 89.28 μg/L. Additionally, antibiotic residues such as azithromycin and levofloxacin were also present at concentrations between 0.32-7.37 μg/L and 0.11-118.91 μg/L, respectively. In Cameroon, azithromycin was the most found antibiotic present at concentrations from 1.14 to 1.21 μg/L. In Madagascar instead, ceftriaxone (0.68-11.53 μg/L) and levofloxacin (0.15-0.30 μg/L) were commonly found. The bacterial phyla statistically significant different (P < 0,05) among participating countries were Proteobacteria, Patescibacteria and Dependentiae which were mainly abundant in waters sampled in Africa and, other phyla such as Firmicutes, Campylobacterota and Fusobacteriota were more abundant in Brazil. The phylum Caldisericota was only found in raw hospital wastewater samples from Madagascar. The canonical correspondence analysis results suggest significant correlation of azithromycin, meropenem and levofloxacin with bacteria families such as Enterococcaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Deinococcaceae, Thermacetogeniaceae and Desulfomonilaceae, Spirochaetaceae, Methanosaetaceae, Synergistaceae, respectively. Water samples were also positive for SARS-CoV-2 with the lowest number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Madagascar (n = 7) and Brazil (n = 30). Our work provides new data about the bacterial community profile and the presence of pharmaceutical compounds in the hospital effluents from Brazil, Cameroon, and Madagascar, whose limited information is available. These compounds can exacerbate the spreading of antibiotic resistance and therefore pose a risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazareno Scaccia
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Joyce Vanessa da Silva Fonseca
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Armelle Leslie Megueya
- Department of Hygiene and Environment Microbiology Section, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, PO Box 1274, Yaounde, 451, Rue 2005, Yaounde 2, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Gabrielly Lacerda de Aragão
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiavina Rasolofoarison
- Charles Merieux Center of Infectious Disease, University of Antananarivo, Ankatso University Campus, BP 4299, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Anderson Vicente de Paula
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Léonard de Vinci Kanda Kupa
- Central Laboratory Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 155, 01246-100 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jules Tchatchueng
- Department of Epidemiology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, PO Box 1274, Yaounde, 451, Rue 2005, Yaounde 2, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Kévine Makuetche
- Department of Hygiene and Environment Microbiology Section, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, PO Box 1274, Yaounde, 451, Rue 2005, Yaounde 2, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Tahiry Z Rasolojaona
- Charles Merieux Center of Infectious Disease, University of Antananarivo, Ankatso University Campus, BP 4299, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Tahinamandranto Rasamoelina
- Charles Merieux Center of Infectious Disease, University of Antananarivo, Ankatso University Campus, BP 4299, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Maria Tereza Pepe Razzolini
- School of Public Health of University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilo José Coelho Duarte
- Central Laboratory Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 155, 01246-100 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cássia Mendes-Correa
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luc Hervé Samison
- Charles Merieux Center of Infectious Disease, University of Antananarivo, Ankatso University Campus, BP 4299, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Thais Guimaraes
- Infection Control Committee Hospital das clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ariane Nzouankeu
- Department of Hygiene and Environment Microbiology Section, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, PO Box 1274, Yaounde, 451, Rue 2005, Yaounde 2, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Silvia Figueiredo Costa
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ioannou P, Baliou S. The Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Cranberry, D-Mannose, and Flavonoids against Infectious Diseases: The Example of Urinary Tract Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:593. [PMID: 39061275 PMCID: PMC11273536 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13070593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of infectious diseases typically includes the administration of anti-infectives; however, the increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have led to attempts to develop other modalities, such as antimicrobial peptides, nanotechnology, bacteriophages, and natural products. Natural products offer a viable alternative due to their potential affordability, ease of access, and diverse biological activities. Flavonoids, a class of natural polyphenols, demonstrate broad anti-infective properties against viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Their mechanisms of action include disruption of microbial membranes, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, and interference with bacterial enzymes. This review explores the potential of natural compounds, such as flavonoids, as an alternative therapeutic approach to combat infectious diseases. Moreover, it discusses some commonly used natural products, such as cranberry and D-mannose, to manage urinary tract infections (UTIs). Cranberry products and D-mannose both, yet differently, inhibit the adhesion of uropathogenic bacteria to the urothelium, thus reducing the likelihood of UTI occurrence. Some studies, with methodological limitations and small patient samples, provide some encouraging results suggesting the use of these substances in the prevention of recurrent UTIs. While further research is needed to determine optimal dosages, bioavailability, and potential side effects, natural compounds hold promise as a complementary or alternative therapeutic strategy in the fight against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Ioannou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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Chaudhuri R, Prasanth T, Biswas D, Mandal S, Dash J. Combating multidrug-resistance in S. pneumoniae: a G-quadruplex binding inhibitor of efflux pump and its bio-orthogonal assembly. NAR MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2024; 1:ugae005. [PMID: 38694210 PMCID: PMC11059089 DOI: 10.1093/narmme/ugae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance poses a significant global health threat, necessitating innovative strategies to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Streptococcus pneumoniae, a pathogen responsible for various infections, harbors highly conserved DNA quadruplexes in genes linked to its pathogenesis. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to counter antibiotic resistance by stabilizing G-quadruplex structures within the open reading frames of key resistance-associated genes (pmrA, recD and hsdS). We synthesized An4, a bis-anthracene derivative, using Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, which exhibited remarkable binding and stabilization of the G-quadruplex in the pmrA gene responsible for drug efflux. An4 effectively permeated multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae strains, leading to a substantial 12.5-fold reduction in ciprofloxacin resistance. Furthermore, An4 downregulated pmrA gene expression, enhancing drug retention within bacterial cells. Remarkably, the pmrA G-quadruplex cloned into the pET28a(+) plasmid transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 cells can template Cu-free bio-orthogonal synthesis of An4 from its corresponding alkyne and azide fragments. This study presents a pioneering strategy to combat antibiotic resistance by genetically reducing drug efflux pump expression through G-quadruplex stabilization, offering promising avenues for addressing antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritapa Chaudhuri
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West-Bengal 700032, India
| | - Thumpati Prasanth
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West-Bengal 700032, India
| | - Debasmita Biswas
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West-Bengal 700032, India
| | - Subhranshu Mandal
- Laboratory Medicine, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700156, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West-Bengal 700032, India
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Wells CW. Effects of essential oils on economically important characteristics of ruminant species: A comprehensive review. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:1-10. [PMID: 38131027 PMCID: PMC10731003 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils derived from plants can provide biological impacts to livestock species. Scientific studies researching essential oils in livestock have investigated various essential oils for prevention and treatment of microbial infection and parasites as well as to enhance milk production, animal performance and rumen function. Despite the availability of several commercial products containing essential oils to promote animal health and production, the vast amount of essential oils, modes of application, and effective concentrations of the essential oils suggest there are more opportunities for essential oils to be utilized in commercial livestock production and veterinary medicine. The objective of this review is to contribute to the understanding of the value that essential oils can provide to the ruminant diet and to examine the biological impact of various essential oils on economically important production traits of ruminant species.
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Desai A, Mahajan V, Ramabhadran RO, Mukherjee R. Binding order of substrate and cofactor in sulfonamide monooxygenase during sulfa drug degradation: in silico studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38263732 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2306495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
For decades, sulfonamide antibiotics have been used across industries such as agriculture and animal husbandry. However, the use and inadvertent misuse of these antibiotics have resulted in the advent of sulfonamide-drug-resistant strains due to antibiotic pollution. Enzymatic bioremediation of antibiotics remains a potential emerging solution to combat antibiotic pollution. Here, we propose an enzymatic model for the degradation of sulfonamides by Microbacterium sp. We have employed a multi-pronged computational strategy involving - protein structure modelling, ligand docking and molecular dynamics simulations to decipher a plausible binding order for the enzymatic degradation of sulfonamides by the bacterial sulfonamide monooxygenase, SulX. Our results enable us to predict that this degradation is achieved through the sequential binding of the antibiotic sulfonamide followed by the reduced flavin cofactor FMNH2, thereby laying the computational foundation for further advancements in enzyme-mediated degradation of the antibiotic. We also provide a list of experiments which may be performed to verify and follow-up on our in-silico studies.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amogh Desai
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati, India
| | - Ved Mahajan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati, India
| | - Raghunath O Ramabhadran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati, India
| | - Raju Mukherjee
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati, India
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Daniel IK, Njue OM, Sanad YM. Antimicrobial Effects of Plant-Based Supplements on Gut Microbial Diversity in Small Ruminants. Pathogens 2023; 13:31. [PMID: 38251338 PMCID: PMC10819137 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Every year in the United States, approximately 48 million people are affected by bacterial illnesses that are transmitted through food, leading to 3000 fatalities. These illnesses typically stem from food animals and their by-products, which may harbor dangerous pathogens like Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Campylobacter jejuni. Factors that contribute to contamination include manure used as a soil amendment, exposure to polluted irrigation water, and contact with animals. To improve food safety, researchers are studying pre-slaughter intervention methods to eliminate bacterial contamination in live animals. While small ruminants are vital to global agriculture and income generation for small farms, traditional feeding practices involve supplements and antibiotics to boost performance, which contributes to antibiotic resistance. Hence, researchers are looking for friendly bacterial strains that enhance both animal and human health without impacting livestock productivity. The global trend is to minimize the use of antibiotics as feed supplements, with many countries prohibiting or limiting their use. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive insight on the antioxidant capabilities, therapeutic attributes, and applications of bioactive compounds derived from sweet potato tops (SPTs), rice bran (RB) and radish tops (RTs). This overview provides an insight on plant parts that are abundant in antioxidant and prebiotic effects and could be used as value-added products in animal feed and pharmaceutical applications. This review was based on previous findings that supplementation of basal diets with natural supplements represents a multifaceted intervention that will become highly important over time. By remarkably reducing the burden of foodborne pathogens, they apply to multiple species, are cheap, do not require withdrawal periods, and can be applied at any time in food animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian K. Daniel
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Obadiah M. Njue
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Yasser M. Sanad
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Naidoo N, Zishiri OT. Comparative genomics analysis and characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains reveal virulence genes, resistance genes, prophages and plasmids. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:791. [PMID: 38124028 PMCID: PMC10731853 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogen that has been linked to global disease outbreaks. These diseases include hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. It is vital to know the features that make this strain pathogenic to understand the development of disease outbreaks. In the current study, a comparative genomic analysis was carried out to determine the presence of structural and functional features of O157:H7 strains obtained from 115 National Center for Biotechnology Information database. These strains of interest were analysed in the following programs: BLAST Ring Image Generator, PlasmidFinder, ResFinder, VirulenceFinder, IslandViewer 4 and PHASTER. Five strains (ECP19-198, ECP19-798, F7508, F8952, H2495) demonstrated a great homology with Sakai because of a few regions missing. Five resistant genes were identified, however, Macrolide-associated resistance gene mdf(A) was commonly found in all genomes. Majority of the strains (97%) were positive for 15 of the virulent genes (espA, espB, espF, espJ, gad, chuA, eae, iss, nleA, nleB, nleC, ompT, tccP, terC and tir). The plasmid analysis demonstrated that the IncF group was the most prevalent in the strains analysed. The prophage and genomic island analysis showed a distribution of bacteriophages and genomic islands respectively. The results indicated that structural and functional features of the many O157:H7 strains differ and may be a result of obtaining mobile genetic elements via horizontal gene transfer. Understanding the evolution of O157:H7 strains pathogenicity in terms of their structural and functional features will enable the development of detection and control of transmission strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Naidoo
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Oliver T Zishiri
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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Kisoo L, Muloi DM, Oguta W, Ronoh D, Kirwa L, Akoko J, Fèvre EM, Moodley A, Wambua L. Practices and drivers for antibiotic use in cattle production systems in Kenya. One Health 2023; 17:100646. [PMID: 38024269 PMCID: PMC10665206 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding antibiotic use in livestock systems is key in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and developing effective interventions. Using a standardised questionnaire, we investigated the patterns and drivers of antibiotic use in 165 cattle farms across the three major cattle production systems in Kenya: intensive, extensive, and semi-intensive systems across in three counties: Machakos, Makueni and Narok in Kenya. We used a causal diagram to inform regression models to explore the drivers of antibiotic use in the study farms. Antibiotic use was reported in 92.7% of farms, primarily for prophylactic purposes. Oxytetracycline, penicillin, and streptomycin were the most used antibiotics to treat and control the most reported diseases including mastitis, diarrhoea and East Coast fever (ECF). Regression analysis indicated a positive association between the frequency of antibiotic use at the farm level and both disease incidence and herd size. Conversely, farms that provided cattle with appropriate housing were less likely to use antibiotics, and there was no difference in antibiotic use between those who consulted with veterinarians or sourced antibiotics directly from animal health providers. Our study highlights the complexities around understanding the interplay between practices and drivers of antibiotic use. It also underscores the necessity to enhance education regarding the appropriate usage of antibiotics among cattle farmers, encourage the adoption of proper herd management practices which may reduce disease burden, and reinforce veterinary services and supportive legislation to promote the prudent use of antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydiah Kisoo
- Animal and Human Health Department, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Dishon M. Muloi
- Animal and Human Health Department, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Walter Oguta
- Animal and Human Health Department, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daisy Ronoh
- Animal and Human Health Department, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lynn Kirwa
- Animal and Human Health Department, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Akoko
- Animal and Human Health Department, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eric M. Fèvre
- Animal and Human Health Department, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Arshnee Moodley
- Animal and Human Health Department, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lillian Wambua
- Animal and Human Health Department, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- World Organization for Animal Health, Sub-Regional Representation for East Africa, Kenya
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Morales-Dorantes V, Domínguez-Pérez RA, Pérez-Serrano RM, Solís-Sainz JC, García-Solís P, Espinosa-Cristóbal LF, Cabeza-Cabrera CV, Ayala-Herrera JL. The Distribution of Eight Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus gordonii Strains Isolated from Dental Plaque as Oral Commensals. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:499. [PMID: 37999618 PMCID: PMC10674312 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8110499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that oral commensal bacteria are potential reservoirs of a wide variety of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and could be the source of pathogenic bacteria; however, there is scarce information regarding this. In this study, three common streptococci of the mitis group (S. oralis, S. sanguinis, and S. gordonii) isolated from dental plaque (DP) were screened to identify if they were frequent reservoirs of specific ARGs (blaTEM, cfxA, tetM, tetW, tetQ, ermA, ermB, and ermC). DP samples were collected from 80 adults; one part of the sample was cultured, and from the other part DNA was obtained for first screening of the three streptococci species and the ARGs of interest. Selected samples were plated and colonies were selected for molecular identification. Thirty identified species were screened for the presence of the ARGs. From those selected, all of the S. sanguinis and S. oralis carried at least three, while only 30% of S. gordonii strains carried three or more. The most prevalent were tetM in 73%, and blaTEM and tetW both in 66.6%. On the other hand, ermA and cfxA were not present. Oral streptococci from the mitis group could be considered frequent reservoirs of specifically tetM, blaTEM, and tetW. In contrast, these three species appear not to be reservoirs of ermA and cfxA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Morales-Dorantes
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Dentistry Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76176, Mexico
| | - Rubén Abraham Domínguez-Pérez
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Dentistry Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76176, Mexico
| | - Rosa Martha Pérez-Serrano
- Laboratorio de Genética y Biología Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76176, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Solís-Sainz
- Departamento de Investigación Biomédica, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76176, Mexico
| | - Pablo García-Solís
- Departamento de Investigación Biomédica, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76176, Mexico
| | - León Francisco Espinosa-Cristóbal
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Odontológicas, Departamento de Estomatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico
| | - Claudia Verónica Cabeza-Cabrera
- Clínica de la Licenciatura y Posgrados de Odontología, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76176, Mexico
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Liang J, Adeleye M, Onyango LA. Combinatorial efficacy of Manuka honey and antibiotics in the in vitro control of staphylococci and their small colony variants. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1219984. [PMID: 37928190 PMCID: PMC10622673 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1219984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Staphylococci are among the list of problematic bacteria contributing to the global antibiotic resistance (ABR) crisis. Their ability to adopt the small colony variant (SCV) phenotype, induced by prolonged antibiotic chemotherapy, complicates staphylococcal infection control options. Novel and alternative approaches are needed to tackle staphylococcal infections and curb ABR. Manuka honey (MH), a non-antibiotic alternative is recognized for its unique antibacterial activity based on its methylglyoxal (MGO) component. Methods In this study, MH (MGO 830+) was tested in combination with gentamicin (GEN), rifampicin (RIF), or vancomycin (VA) against staphylococcal wildtype (WT) and SCVs. To our knowledge, there are no current studies in the literature documenting the effects of MH on staphylococcal SCVs. While Staphylococcus aureus is well-studied for its international ABR burden, limited data exists demonstrating the effects of MH on S. epidermidis and S. lugdunensis whose pathogenic relevance and contribution to ABR is also rising. Results & discussion The three staphylococci were most susceptible to RIF (0.06-0.24 μg/ml), then GEN (0.12-0.49 μg/ml), and lastly VA (0.49-0.96 μg/ml). The MICs of MH were 7%, 7-8%, and 6-7% (w/v), respectively. Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) evaluations showed that the combined MH + antibiotic effect was either additive (FICI 1-2), or partially synergistic (FICI >0.5-1). While all three antibiotics induced SCVs in vitro, stable SCVs were observed in GEN treatments only. The addition of MH to these GEN-SCV-induction analyses resulted in complete suppression of SCVs (p<0.001) in all three staphylococci, suggesting that MH's antibacterial properties interfered with GEN's SCV induction mechanisms. Moreover, the addition of MH to growth cultures of recovered stable SCVs resulted in the inhibition of SCV growth by at least 99%, indicating MH's ability to prevent subsequent SCV growth. These in vitro analyses demonstrated MH's broad-spectrum capabilities not only in improving WT staphylococci susceptibility to the three antibiotics, but also mitigated the development and subsequent growth of their SCV phenotypes. MH in combination with antibiotics has the potential to not only resensitize staphylococci to antibiotics and consequently require less antibiotic usage, but in instances where prolonged chemotherapy is employed, the development and growth of SCVs would be hampered, providing a better clinical outcome, all of which mitigate ABR.
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Chen Y, Yong M, Li M, Si Z, Koh CH, Lau P, Chang YW, Teo J, Chan-Park MB, Gan YH. A hydrophilic polyimidazolium antibiotic targeting the membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:2581-2590. [PMID: 37671807 PMCID: PMC10545527 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The rise of MDR Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), especially those resistant to last-resort drugs such as carbapenems and colistin, is a global health risk and calls for increased efforts to discover new antimicrobial compounds. We previously reported that polyimidazolium (PIM) compounds exhibited significant antimicrobial activity and minimal mammalian cytotoxicity. However, their mechanism of action is relatively unknown. We examined the efficacy and mechanism of action of a hydrophilic PIM (PIM5) against colistin- and meropenem-resistant clinical isolates. METHODS MIC and time-kill testing was performed for drug-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates. N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine and propidium iodide dyes were employed to determine membrane permeabilization. Spontaneous resistant mutants and single deletion mutants were generated to understand potential resistance mechanisms to the drug. RESULTS PIM5 had the same effectiveness against colistin- and meropenem-resistant strains as susceptible strains of GNB. PIM5 exhibited a rapid bactericidal effect independent of bacterial growth phase and was especially effective in water. The polymer disrupts both the outer and cytoplasmic membranes. PIM5 binds and intercalates into bacterial genomic DNA upon entry of cells. GNB do not develop high resistance to PIM5. However, the susceptibility and uptake of the polymer is moderately affected by mutations in the two-component histidine kinase sensor BaeS. PIM5 has negligible cytotoxicity on human cells at bacterial-killing concentrations, comparable to the commercial antibiotics polymyxin B and colistin. CONCLUSIONS PIM5 is a potent broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting GNB resistant to last-resort antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahua Chen
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvin Yong
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Li
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhangyong Si
- School of Chemistry, Chemical and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chong Hui Koh
- School of Chemistry, Chemical and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pearlyn Lau
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Wei Chang
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeanette Teo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mary B Chan-Park
- School of Chemistry, Chemical and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yunn-Hwen Gan
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Mo LY, Wang J, Qin LT, Yang YL, Liang N. Mechanism of time-dependent toxicity of quinolone antibiotics on luminescent bacteria Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 255:114784. [PMID: 36948009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Four quinolone antibiotics (ciprofloxacin (CIP), enrofloxacin (ENR), sparfloxacin (SPA), gatifloxacin (GAT)) and their binary mixtures at environmentally relevant concentrations exhibited time-dependent hormesis on Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 (Q67). The study aims to investigate the time-dependent toxicity of low-dose pollutants and the occurrence of hormesis. These indicators, total protein (TP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and luminescence-related chemicals flavin mononucleotide (FMN), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), were measured to explore the mechanism of hormesis. The results showed a trend of increases in all indicators after 12 h of exposure, reaching maximal effects at 60 h and then decreasing as time progressed. At 36 h, 60 h and 84 h, the results showed a gradual increase followed by a decreasing trend in TP, FMN and NADH as the concentration in the group increased, whereas ROS, CAT, SOD and MDA showed the opposite trend. Notably, the degree of changes was related to the magnitude of hormesis. At low concentrations, the content of ROS and MDA decreased, the activity of CAT and SOD was lower, but the content of TP, FMN, NADH gradually increased, positively correlated with the promotion of Q67. At high concentrations, ROS and MDA content in Q67 increased, triggering the antioxidant defense mechanism (CAT and SOD activity increased), but TP, FMN, NADH content decreased, negatively correlated with the inhibited Q67. Therefore, our findings demonstrated two common patterns in these seven biochemical indicators on Q67. These findings have important practical implications for the ecological risk assessment of antibiotics in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yun Mo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin 541006, China; Technology Innovation Center for Mine Geological Environment Restoration Engineering in Southern Shishan Region, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanning 530028, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Li-Tang Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China; Technology Innovation Center for Mine Geological Environment Restoration Engineering in Southern Shishan Region, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanning 530028, China.
| | - Yi-Lin Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Nan Liang
- Geological Environment Monitoring Station of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530029, China.
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Abd-Allah IM, El-Housseiny GS, Al-Agamy MH, Radwan HH, Aboshanab KM, Hassouna NA. Statistical optimization of a podoviral anti-MRSA phage CCASU-L10 generated from an under sampled repository: Chicken rinse. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1149848. [PMID: 37065190 PMCID: PMC10102507 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1149848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe insurgence of antimicrobial resistance is an imminent health danger globally. A wide range of challenging diseases are attributed to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as it is weaponized with a unique array of virulence factors, and most importantly, the resistance it develops to most of the antibiotics used clinically. On that account, the present study targeted the optimization of the production of a bacteriophage active against MRSA, and evaluating some of its characters.Methods and resultsThe bacteriophage originated from a quite peculiar environmental source, raw chicken rinse and was suggested to belong to Podoviridae, order Caudovirales. It withstood a variety of extreme conditions and yield optimization was accomplished via the D-optimal design by response surface methodology (RSM). A reduced quadratic model was generated, and the ideal production conditions recommended were pH 8, glycerol 0.9% v/v, peptone 0.08% w/v, and 107 CFU/ml as the host inoculum size. These conditions led to a two-log fold increase in the phage titer (1.17x10¹² PFU/ml), as compared to the regular conditions.DiscussionTo conclude, statistical optimization successfully enhanced the output of the podoviral phage titer by two-log fold and therefore, can be regarded as a potential scale-up strategy. The produced phage was able to tolerate extreme environmental condition making it suitable for topical pharmaceutical preparations. Further preclinical and clinical studies are required to ensure its suitability for use in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa M. Abd-Allah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghadir S. El-Housseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ghadir S. El-Housseiny, ; Khaled M. Aboshanab,
| | - Mohamed H. Al-Agamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham H. Radwan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled M. Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ghadir S. El-Housseiny, ; Khaled M. Aboshanab,
| | - Nadia A. Hassouna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
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Kainga H, Phonera MC, Chikowe I, Chatanga E, Nyirongo H, Luwe M, Mponela J, Kachisi V, Kamanga N, Chulu J, Njunga G, Nabadda D, Fonchin A, Kallu SA, Mudenda S, Tembo R, Zulu M, Mwaba F, Mbewe N, Mpundu P, Samutela MT, Munyeme M, Muma JB, Simulundu E. Determinants of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Veterinary Drug Dispensers toward Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Main Cities of Malawi: A Concern on Antibiotic Stewardship. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010149. [PMID: 36671349 PMCID: PMC9855151 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging challenge to global public health. The use of antibiotics in the veterinary field is one of the contributing factors to AMR mostly due to poor knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of dispensers. Veterinary drug dispensers are expected to guide clients on indications, contraindications, and withdrawal periods of veterinary drugs. This study assessed veterinary drug dispensers' KAP toward AMR and associated potential contributing factors. A cross-sectional study, using a structured questionnaire, was conducted in three main cities of Malawi, namely Mzuzu, Lilongwe, and Blantyre. A total of 68 agrovet shops were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The KAP level was presented descriptively. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were run to investigate the relationships between the independent and outcome variable. Overall, the KAP score for knowledge, attitude, and practices was 46.7%, 49.2%, and 41.6%, respectively. The significant determinants of the knowledge were the practice of asking for a written prescription (OR: 16.291, 95% CI: 11.6-24.2) (p = 0.024), female (OR: 0.609, 95% CI: 0.3-0.9) (p = 0.001), and old age (≥35) (OR: 0.227, 95% CI: 0.1-0.5) (p = 0.04). Poor knowledge, negative attitude, and poor practices were observed among most of the participants. Sensitization and training on AMR and antimicrobial stewardship are recommended to address the KAP score gaps and the observed determinants among veterinary drug dispensers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henson Kainga
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe 207203, Malawi
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +265-996-618-212
| | - Marvin Collen Phonera
- Department of Animal Health and Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lilongwe 207203, Malawi
| | - Ibrahim Chikowe
- Pharmacy Department, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (KUHES), Blantyre P.O. Box 360, Malawi
| | - Elisha Chatanga
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe 207203, Malawi
| | - Hlupikire Nyirongo
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe 207203, Malawi
| | - Mike Luwe
- Department of Animal Health and Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lilongwe 207203, Malawi
| | - James Mponela
- Department of Animal Health and Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lilongwe 207203, Malawi
| | | | - Nathani Kamanga
- Department of Animal Health and Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lilongwe 207203, Malawi
| | - Julius Chulu
- Department of Animal Health and Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lilongwe 207203, Malawi
| | - Gilson Njunga
- Department of Animal Health and Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lilongwe 207203, Malawi
| | - Daisy Nabadda
- Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Alyce Fonchin
- Community Initiative for Sustainable Development, Manko-Bamenda P.O. Box 356, Cameroon
| | - Simegnew Adugna Kallu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia
| | - Steward Mudenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Rabecca Tembo
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Mildred Zulu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Florence Mwaba
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Natalia Mbewe
- Department of Basic and Clinical Nursing Sciences, School of Nursing Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Prudence Mpundu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka P.O. Box 33991, Zambia
| | - Mulemba Tillika Samutela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 10101, Zambia
| | - Musso Munyeme
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 10101, Zambia
| | - John Bwalya Muma
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 10101, Zambia
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 10101, Zambia
- Macha Research Trust, Choma P.O. Box 20100, Zambia
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Ng K, Alygizakis NA, Thomaidis NS, Slobodnik J. Wide-Scope Target and Suspect Screening of Antibiotics in Effluent Wastewater from Wastewater Treatment Plants in Europe. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010100. [PMID: 36671300 PMCID: PMC9854574 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of antibiotics in the environment could result in the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which could result in a public health crisis. The occurrence of 676 antibiotics and the main transformation products (TPs) was investigated in the 48 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from 11 countries (Germany, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Hungary, Slovakia, Czechia, Austria, Cyprus, and Greece) by target and suspect screening. Target screening involved the investigation of antibiotics with reference standards (40 antibiotics). Suspect screening covered 676 antibiotics retrieved from the NORMAN Substance Database (antibiotic list on NORMAN network). Forty-seven antibiotics were detected in effluent wastewater samples: thirty-two by target screening and fifteen additional ones by suspect screening. An ecotoxicological risk assessment was performed based on occurrence data and predicted no effect concentration (PNEC), which involved the derivation of frequency of appearance (FoA), frequency of PNEC exceedance (FoE), and extent of PNEC exceedance (EoE). Azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin were prioritized as the calculated risk score was above 1. The median of antibiotics' load to freshwater ecosystems was 0.59 g/day/WWTP. The detection of antibiotics across countries indicates the presence of antibiotics in the ecosystems of Europe, which may trigger unwanted responses from the ecosystem, including antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Ng
- Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 97241 Koš, Slovakia
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nikiforos A. Alygizakis
- Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 97241 Koš, Slovakia
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Nikolaos S. Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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Hakeem MJ, Feng J, Ma L, Ma L, Lu X. Whole transcriptome sequencing analysis of synergistic combinations of plant-based antimicrobials and zinc oxide nanoparticles against Campylobacter jejuni. Microbiol Res 2023; 266:127246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Prendergast DM, Slowey R, Burgess CM, Murphy D, Johnston D, Morris D, O’ Doherty Á, Moriarty J, Gutierrez M. Characterization of cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistant Enterobacterales from Irish farm waste by whole genome sequencing. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1118264. [PMID: 37032887 PMCID: PMC10073600 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1118264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Enterobacterales are a group of Gram-negative bacteria frequently exhibiting extended antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and involved in the transmission of resistance genes to other bacterial species present in the same environment. Due to their impact on human health and the paucity of new antibiotics, the World Health Organization (WHO) categorized carbapenem resistant and ESBL-producing as critical. Enterobacterales are ubiquitous and the role of the environment in the transmission of AMR organisms or antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) must be examined in tackling AMR in both humans and animals under the one health approach. Animal manure is recognized as an important source of AMR bacteria entering the environment, in which resistant genes can accumulate. Methods To gain a better understanding of the dissemination of third generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistance genes between isolates in the environment, we applied whole genome sequencing (WGS) to Enterobacterales (79 E. coli, 1 Enterobacter cloacae, 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 1 Citrobacter gillenii) isolated from farm effluents in Ireland before (n = 72) and after (n = 10) treatment by integrated constructed wetlands (ICWs). DNA was extracted using the MagNA Pure 96 system (Roche Diagnostics, Rotkreuz, Switzerland) followed by WGS on a MiSeq platform (Illumina, Eindhoven, Netherlands) using v3 chemistry as 300-cycle paired-end runs. AMR genes and point mutations were identified and compared to the phenotypic results for better understanding of the mechanisms of resistance and resistance transmission. Results A wide variety of cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistance genes (mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and chromosomal mutations) were identified among isolates that mostly explained the phenotypic AMR patterns. A total of 31 plasmid replicon types were identified among the 82 isolates, with a subset of them (n = 24), identified in E. coli isolates. Five plasmid replicons were confined to the Enterobacter cloacae isolate and two were confined to the Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate. Virulence genes associated with functions including stress, survival, regulation, iron uptake secretion systems, invasion, adherence and toxin production were identified. Conclusion Our study showed that antimicrobial resistant organisms (AROs) can persist even following wastewater treatment and could transmit AMR of clinical relevance to the environment and ultimately pose a risk to human or animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre M. Prendergast
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Deirdre M. Prendergast,
| | - Rosemarie Slowey
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | | | - Declan Murphy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Dayle Johnston
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Dearbháile Morris
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Áine O’ Doherty
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - John Moriarty
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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Ali SE, Mahana O, Mohan CV, Delamare-Deboutteville J, Elgendy MY. Genetic characterization and antimicrobial profiling of bacterial isolates collected from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) affected by summer mortality syndrome. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:1857-1871. [PMID: 36057979 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, Egyptian tilapia aquaculture has experienced mortality episodes during the summer months. The causative agents responsible for such mortalities have not been clearly identified. A total of 400 fish specimens were collected from affected tilapia farms within five Egyptian governorates. A total of 344 bacterial isolates were identified from the examined fish specimens. Bacterial isolates were grouped into seven genera based on API 20E results. The most prevalent pathogens were Aeromonas spp. (42%), Vibrio spp. (21%), and Streptococcus agalactiae (14.5%). Other emerging infections like, Plesiomonas shigelloides (10%), Staphyloccocus spp. (8%), Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, and Acinetobacter lwoffii (2.3%) were also detected. Sequence analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA bacterial gene of some isolates, confirmed the phenotypic identification results. The analysis of antibiotic resistance genes revealed the presence of aac(6')-Ib-cr (35.7%), blaCTX gene (23.8%), qnrS (19%), ampC (16.7%), floR (14.3%), sul1, tetA, and van.C1 (2.4%) genes in some isolates. The antimicrobia resistance gene, qac was reported in 46% of screened isolates. Bacterial strains showed variable virulence genes profiles. Aeromonas spp. harboured (act, gcat, aerA, lip, fla, and ser) genes. All Vibrio spp. possessed the hlyA gene, while cylE, hylB, and lmb genes, were detected in S. agalactiae strains. Our findings point to the possible role of the identified bacterial pathogens in tilapia summer mortality syndrome and highlight the risk of the irresponsible use of antibiotics on antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa E Ali
- WorldFish, Abbassa, Sharqia, Egypt
- Department of Hydrobiology, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Osama Mahana
- Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mamdouh Y Elgendy
- Department of Hydrobiology, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Kumar A, Patra C, Rajendran HK, Narayanasamy S. Activated carbon-chitosan based adsorbent for the efficient removal of the emerging contaminant diclofenac: Synthesis, characterization and phytotoxicity studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135806. [PMID: 35940416 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rise in pharmaceutical pollutants due to their unregulated discharge in pharmaceutical wastewater has landed them as emerging contaminants that would gradually affect the aquatic ecosystem and human life. The current study emphasizes the adsorptive elimination of one such emerging pharmaceutical pollutant, i.e., Diclofenac (DIF), using a synthesized adsorbent vis. Activated carbon-chitosan beads (ACCB). The morphological and physicochemical properties of the prepared adsorbent, ACCB and its interaction with the DIF species were investigated. Process parameters influencing the adsorptive interactions between ACCB and DIF were optimised. DIF was efficiently adsorbed at optimised initial DIF pH of 6.0 and ACCB dosage of 1.5 mg/mL at an incubation temperature of 40 °C. Freundlich isotherm model showed the best fit (R2 = 0.98) with the experimental data to conclude that the adsorbent surface is heterogenous, promoting multilayer adsorption. As depicted from the Langmuir isotherm model, the maximum theoretical adsorption capacity was 99.29 mg/g. The seed toxicity assay confirmed the efficacy of ACCB in the adsorptive removal of DIF species from aqueous setups, making the post-treated solution fit enough for seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Chandi Patra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Harish Kumar Rajendran
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Selvaraju Narayanasamy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Okoye CO, Nyaruaba R, Ita RE, Okon SU, Addey CI, Ebido CC, Opabunmi AO, Okeke ES, Chukwudozie KI. Antibiotic resistance in the aquatic environment: Analytical techniques and interactive impact of emerging contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:103995. [PMID: 36210048 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic pollution is becoming an increasingly severe threat globally. Antibiotics have emerged as a new class of environmental pollutants due to their expanding usage and indiscriminate application in animal husbandry as growth boosters. Contamination of aquatic ecosystems by antibiotics can have a variety of negative impacts on the microbial flora of these water bodies, as well as lead to the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant genes. Various strategies for removing antibiotics from aqueous systems and environments have been developed. Many of these approaches, however, are constrained by their high operating costs and the generation of secondary pollutants. This review aims to summarize research on the distribution and effects of antibiotics in aquatic environments, their interaction with other emerging contaminants, and their remediation strategy. The ecological risks associated with antibiotics in aquatic ecosystems and the need for more effective monitoring and detection system are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Obinwanne Okoye
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment & Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Department of Zoology & Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Organization of African Academic Doctor, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Raphael Nyaruaba
- Center for Biosafety Megascience, Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS, Wuhan, PR China; Organization of African Academic Doctor, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Richard Ekeng Ita
- Department of Biological Sciences Ritman University, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Organization of African Academic Doctor, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel Ukpong Okon
- Department of Marine Science, Akwa Ibom State University, Mkpat Enin, P.M.B. 1167, Nigeria; Department of Ocean Engineering, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, PR China; Organization of African Academic Doctor, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Charles Izuma Addey
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China; Organization of African Academic Doctor, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Chike C Ebido
- Department of Zoology & Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Organization of African Academic Doctor, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences & Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, PR China; Organization of African Academic Doctor, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Kingsley Ikechukwu Chukwudozie
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Organization of African Academic Doctor, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University 212013, PR China.
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Zhou Y, Yi Y, Wang J, Yang Z, Liu Q, Pu W, Shang R. Discovery of novel pleuromutilin derivatives as potent antibacterial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 237:114403. [PMID: 35472849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Novel pleuromutilin derivatives with 3,4-dihydropyrimidin and pyrimidine moieties were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antibacterial activities. Most of the synthesized derivatives, especially the compounds bearing the pyrimidine moieties, exhibited potent antibacterial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BNCC 337371 (MRSA-337371), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (S. aureus-25923) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 51625 (MRSE-51625). Compounds 5a, 5g and 5h exerted the excellent antibacterial activities and selected to evaluate their bacterial killing kinetics. Compound 5h displayed the highest antibacterial activities with bacteriostatic activities against MRSA and further evaluated its efficacy in mouse systemic infection. The results showed that compound 5h exhibited potent in vivo antibacterial effects to significantly improve the survival rate of mice (ED50 = 16.14 mg/kg), reduce the bacterial load and alleviate the pathological changes in the lungs of the affected mice. Furthermore, molecular docking studies revealed that the selected compounds successfully localized in the pocket of 50S ribosomal subunit and the formed hydrogen bonds were the main interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
| | - Yunpeng Yi
- Shandong Provincial Animal and Poultry Green Health Products Creation Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, 202 Gongyebeilu Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China.
| | - Jiangkun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Qinqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Wanxia Pu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Ruofeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
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Nwafia IN, Ike AC, Orabueze IN, Nwafia WC. Carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae: Environmental reservoirs as primary targets for control and prevention strategies. Niger Postgrad Med J 2022; 29:183-191. [PMID: 35900453 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_95_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) have become one of the greatest public health challenges globally. In the past decade, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was viewed as a clinical problem in many parts of the world; hence, the role and magnitude of the contribution of the environment were not well appreciated. This review article was done with online published articles extracted from different databases using search terms related to the work. Evidence has shown that there exists the presence of carbapenemase genes in the environment, consequently fuelling the dissemination with alarming consequences. CPE when acquired causes life-threatening infections in humans. The health and economic impact of these infections are numerous, including treatment failure due to limited therapeutic options which hamper the containment of infectious diseases, further contaminating the environment and worsening the public health challenge. It is a well-known fact that the rate of emergence of resistant genes has outpaced the production of new antimicrobial agents, so it is pertinent to institute effective environmental measures to combat the spread of AMR organisms before it will completely gain a foothold and take us back to 'the pre-antibiotic era'. Environmental sources and reservoirs of resistant genes should therefore be amongst the primary targets for the control and prevention of the spread of resistant genes in the environment. This calls for the effective implementation of the 'one health' strategy with stakeholders committed to the design and enforcement of environmental mitigation policies and guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeyinwa Nkeiruka Nwafia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Chibuogwu Ike
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ibuchukwu Nkeonyenasoya Orabueze
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Walter Chukwuma Nwafia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria
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Abd-Allah IM, El-Housseiny GS, Alshahrani MY, El-Masry SS, Aboshanab KM, Hassouna NA. An Anti-MRSA Phage From Raw Fish Rinse: Stability Evaluation and Production Optimization. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:904531. [PMID: 35656033 PMCID: PMC9152141 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.904531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has denoted the danger of resistance in tenacious organisms like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA, a supple bacterium that adopts a variety of antibiotic resistance mechanisms, is the cause of multiple life-threatening conditions. Approaching a post-antibiotic era, bacteria-specific natural predators, bacteriophages, are now given the chance to prove eligible for joining the antibacterial weaponry. Considering the foregoing, this study aimed at isolating bacteriophages with promising anti-MRSA lytic activity, followed by characterization and optimization of the production of the bacteriophage with the broadest host range. Five phages were isolated from different environmental sources including the rinse of raw chicken egg, raw milk, and, remarkably, the raw meat rinses of chicken and fish. Examined for lytic activity against a set of 23 MRSA isolates collected from various clinical specimens, all five phages showed relatively broad host ranges with the bacteriophage originally isolated from raw fish rinse showing lytic activity against all the isolates tested. This phage is suggested to be a member of Siphoviridae family, order Caudovirales, as revealed by electron microscopy. It also exhibited good thermal stability and viability at different pH grades. Moreover, it showed reasonable stability against UV light and all viricidal organic solvents tested. Optimization using D-optimal design by response surface methodology was carried out to enhance the phage yield. The optimum conditions suggested by the generated model were a pH value of 7, a carbon source of 0.5% w/v sucrose, and a nitrogen source of 0.1% w/v peptone, at a temperature of 28°C and a bacterial inoculum size of 107 CFU/ml, resulting in a 2 log-fold increase in the produced bacteriophage titer. Overall, the above findings indicate the lytic ability inflicted by this virus on MRSA. Apparently, its stability under some of the extreme conditions tested implies its potential to be a candidate for pharmaceutical formulation as an anti-MRSA therapeutic tool. We hope that bacteriophages could tip the balance in favor of the human front in their battle against multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa M. Abd-Allah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghadir S. El-Housseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar S. El-Masry
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia A. Hassouna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Mangla D, Sharma A, Ikram S. Critical review on adsorptive removal of antibiotics: Present situation, challenges and future perspective. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127946. [PMID: 34891019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This review gives a proper dedicated understanding of the contamination level, sources, and biological dangers related with different classes of antibiotics in consumable water. The literature on the adsorption of antibiotics is relatively uncommon and developments are still under progression, especially for adsorbents other than activated carbon. Also, adsorption technique has already been applied vastly for water treatment. Notwithstanding significant progressions, designed natural wastewater treatment frameworks are just bearably effective (48-77%) in the expulsion of antibiotics. Hence, the compilation of available literature especially for antibiotic adsorption was much needed. Moreover, the conventional adsorbents have some limitations of their own. In this study, the main focus was laid on unconventional adsorbents such as Biochar, Biopolymers, Carbon Nanotubes, Clays, Metal-Organic Frameworks, Microalgae and some miscellaneous adsorbents. The mechanism of adsorption by the unconventional adsorbents includes electrostatic interactions, π-π bonding, weak Van der Waal forces, H-bonding and surface complexation, which was similar to that of conventional adsorbents and hence these unconventional adsorbents can easily replace the costlier conventional adsorbents with even better adsorption efficiency. This paper also briefly discussed the thermodynamics, adsorption equilibrium; isotherm and kinetics of adsorption. This review paper seizes the critical advances of adsorption phenomenon at various interfaces and lays the foundation for current scenario associated with further progress. Besides, this study would help in understanding the antibiotic adsorption, cost estimation and future goals that will attract the young the researchers of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyanshi Mangla
- Bio/Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Environmental Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Saiqa Ikram
- Bio/Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Prendergast DM, O'Doherty Á, Burgess CM, Howe N, McMahon F, Murphy D, Leonard F, Morris D, Harrington C, Carty A, Moriarty J, Gutierrez M. Critically important antimicrobial resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Irish farm effluent and their removal in integrated constructed wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151269. [PMID: 34710415 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of Integrated Constructed Wetlands (ICWs) to remove critically important antimicrobial resistant organisms (AROs) from farm wastewater. Influent samples from the untreated farm waste and effluent samples taken at the end of the ICW system were collected monthly from four ICWs, serving four different farm types (suckler, dairy, dairy & poultry and pig). Using selective media to screen for the presence of carbapenemase resistant organisms, plasmid mediated and AmpC β-Lactamase producing organisms (ESBL/pAmpC) and fluoroquinolone resistant organisms, a total of 82 AROs were obtained with the majority being E. coli (n = 79). Statistically significant were the differences on the number of AROs isolated from influent (higher) compared to effluent, as well as a seasonal effect, with less AROs recovered during winter in comparison to other seasons (P < 0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant differences in the recovery of AROs on different farms. The majority of isolates from each of the farms (99%) were multi drug resistant, with 65% resistant to seven or more antimicrobials. A high incidence of tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and ampicillin resistance was common to the isolates from all four farms but there were differences in ESBL levels with 63% of the isolates recovered from Farm 4 (piggery) being ESBLs compared to 18%, 36% and 4.5% recovered from Farms 1 (suckler), 2 (dairy) and 3 (dairy & poultry), respectively. No carbapenemase producing organisms were isolated. Our results showed that ICWs are effective in removing critically important AROs from farm wastewater on all four farm types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre M Prendergast
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Áine O'Doherty
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | | | - Nicole Howe
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Frederick McMahon
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Declan Murphy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Finola Leonard
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dearbháile Morris
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, NUI Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Aila Carty
- VESI Environmental Ltd., Little Island, Cork, Ireland
| | - John Moriarty
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Montserrat Gutierrez
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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Khare S, Pathak A, Purohit MR, Sharma M, Marrone G, Tamhankar AJ, Stålsby Lundborg C, Diwan V. Determinants and pathways of healthcare-seeking behaviours in under-5 children for common childhood illnesses and antibiotic prescribing: a cohort study in rural India. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e052435. [PMID: 34862290 PMCID: PMC8647549 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the healthcare-seeking pathways, antibiotic prescribing and determine the sociodemographic factors associated with healthcare-seeking behaviour (HSB) of caregivers for common illnesses in under-5 (U-5) children in rural Ujjain, India. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. STUDY SETTING AND STUDY SAMPLE The cohort included 270 U-5 children from selected six villages in rural demographic surveillance site, of the R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India. A community-based cohort was visited two times weekly for over 113 weeks (August 2014 to October 2016) to record the HSB of caregivers using HSB diaries. Sociodemographic information was also solicited. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes: first point of care, healthcare-seeking pathway and quantify antibiotic prescribing for the common acute illnesses. SECONDARY OUTCOME HSB risk factors were determined using mixed-effects multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 60 228 HSB follow-up time points for 270 children were recorded with a total of 2161 acute illness episodes. The most common illnesses found were respiratory tract infections (RTI) (69%) and gastrointestinal tract infections (8%). No healthcare was sought in 33% of illness episodes, mostly for RTIs. The most common healthcare-seeking pathway was to informal healthcare providers (IHCPs, 49% of illness episodes). The adjusted relative risk for obtaining no treatment, home treatment and treatment by IHCPs was higher for RTIs (aRR=11.54, 1.82 and 1.29, respectively), illiterate mothers (aRR=2.86, 2.38 and 1.93, respectively), and mothers who were homemakers (aRR=2.90, 4.17 and 2.10, respectively). Socioeconomic status was associated with HSB, with the highest aRR for no treatment in the lowest two socioeconomic quintiles (aRR=6.59 and 6.39, respectively). Antibiotics were prescribed in 46% (n=670/1450) illness episodes and the majority (85%, n=572/670) were broad spectrum. CONCLUSION In our rural cohort for many acute episodes of illnesses, no treatment or home treatment was done, which resulted in overall reduced antibiotic prescribing. The most common healthcare-seeking pathway was to visit IHCPs, which indicates that they are major healthcare providers in rural areas. Most of the antibiotics were prescribed by IHCPs and were commonly prescribed for illnesses where they were not indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Khare
- Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines, focusing antibiotics, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Environment, Ruxmaniben Deepchand Gardi Medical College, 456006 Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Pathak
- Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines, focusing antibiotics, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruxmaniben Deepchand Gardi Medical College, 456006 Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Department of Women and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala,SE-751 85, Sweden
| | - Manju Raj Purohit
- Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines, focusing antibiotics, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology, Ruxmaniben Deepchand Gardi Medical College, 456006 Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Megha Sharma
- Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines, focusing antibiotics, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacology, Ruxmaniben Deepchand Gardi Medical College, 456006 Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Gaetano Marrone
- Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines, focusing antibiotics, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ashok J Tamhankar
- Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines, focusing antibiotics, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Indian Initiative for Management of Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Environmental Medicine, Ruxmaniben Deepchand Gardi Medical College, 456006 Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
- Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines, focusing antibiotics, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vishal Diwan
- Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines, focusing antibiotics, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Environmental Monitoring and Exposure Assessment (Water and Soil), ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, 462030 Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Sosa-Hernández JE, Rodas-Zuluaga LI, López-Pacheco IY, Melchor-Martínez EM, Aghalari Z, Limón DS, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldívar R. Sources of antibiotics pollutants in the aquatic environment under SARS-CoV-2 pandemic situation. CASE STUDIES IN CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 4:100127. [PMID: 38620862 PMCID: PMC8423433 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2021.100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During the last decades, the growth of concern towards different pollutants has been increasing due to population activities in large cities and the great need for food production by the agri-food industry. The effects observed in specific locations have shown the impact over the environment in air, soil and water. Specifically, the current pandemic of COVID-19 has brought into the picture the intensive use of different medical substances to treat the disease and population intensive misuse. In particular, the use of antibiotics has increased during the last 20 years with few regulations regarding their excessive use and the disposal of their residues from different sources. Within this review, an overview of sources of antibiotics to aquatic environments was done along with its impact to the environment and trophic chain, and negative effects of human health due prolonged exposure which endanger the environment, population health, water, and food sustainability. The revision indicates the differences between sources and its potential danger due toxicity, and accumulation that prevents water sustainability in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Itzel Y López-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | | | - Zahra Aghalari
- Faculty of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Daniel Salas Limón
- Servicios de Agua y Drenaje de Monterrey, Coordinador Interinstitucional del Agua, Matamoros 1717 Poniente, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil. Av. Universidad s/n. CD. Universitaria, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
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Comparing the Effects of Mobile-Based Education and Booklet-Based Education on Iranian Mothers' Perception on Antibiotics: A Quasi-Experimental Study. J Pediatr Nurs 2021; 61:122-129. [PMID: 34023556 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mobile-based education in comparison with booklet-based education on mothers' perception on antibiotics. DESIGN AND METHODS This quasi-experimental study was performed on 160 mothers of children aged 1 to 6 years (80 in the experimental group and 80 in the control group) who referred to the urban community health centers in Iran. Both groups were taught about the proper use of antibiotics. The experimental group was taught using a mobile application and the control group was taught using a booklet. The Parental Perception on Antibiotics (PAPA) scale was used to collect data at the beginning and two to four weeks after the educational intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 19. RESULTS The results showed that 91.9% of mothers used the knowledge of nurses or other health care providers and 86.3% used their previous experience as the source of information about antibiotics. Also, mothers' perceptions about antibiotics in the subscales of knowledge and beliefs, behaviors, adherence and awareness about antibiotics resistance in the experimental group improved significantly compared to the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Mobile-based education was more effective in improving mothers' perception on antibiotics than booklet-based education. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Health care providers can use mobile-based educational method for different groups of society to promote health in various fields.
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Almashhadany DA. Screening of antibiotic residues in raw milk of cows and buffalos by diffusion assays. Ital J Food Saf 2021; 10:9034. [PMID: 34733799 PMCID: PMC8513189 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2021.9034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although antibiotics are valuable drugs for treatment of certain infections, their presence in foodstuff derived from animals is a potential public health hazard. They pose a serious threat as they are implicated in direct toxicity; allergic reactions; disturbance of the normal gut microbiota, carcinogenesis, and emergence of antibioticresistant bacteria. This study investigated the occurrence of antibiotic residues in raw milk samples derived from cows and buffaloes. Samples were collected randomly from different retail outlets in Erbil city (Iraq) from January 1st to June 30th, 2019. The residues were detected by two diffusion assays against Bacillus subtilis bacteria on agar plates. The total occurrence of residues ranged from 11.9% to 13.4% of screened milk samples. No significant differences were found between milk type or location of animal rearing (urban or suburban). Regarding the seasonal variations, spring was found to be associated with gradual decrease in antibiotic residues levels in milk. Such occurrence rate of residues is alarming and require authorities to observe the quality of raw milk introduced to markets for consumption. Further evaluation of antibiotic stability period in raw milk is also necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhary Alewy Almashhadany
- Knowledge University, College of Science, Department of Medical Lab Science (DMLS), Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Imchen M, Kumavath R. Metagenomic insights into the antibiotic resistome of mangrove sediments and their association to socioeconomic status. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115795. [PMID: 33068846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove sediments are prone to anthropogenic activities that could enrich antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs). The emergence and dissemination of ARGs are of serious concern to public health worldwide. Therefore, a comprehensive resistome analysis of global mangrove sediment is of paramount importance. In this study, we have implemented a deep machine learning approach to analyze the resistome of mangrove sediments from Brazil, China, Saudi Arabia, India, and Malaysia. Geography (RANOSIM = 39.26%; p < 0.005) as well as human intervention (RANOSIM = 16.92%; p < 0.005) influenced the ARG diversity. ARG diversity was also inversely correlated to the human development index (HDI) of the host country (R = -0.53; p < 0.05) rather than antibiotics consumption (p > 0.05). Several genes including multidrug efflux pumps were significantly (p < 0.05) enriched in the sites with human intervention. Resistome was consistently dominated by rpoB2 (19.26 ± 0.01%), multidrug ABC transporter (10.40 ± 0.23%), macB (8.84 ± 0.36n%), tetA (4.13 ± 0.35%), mexF (3.26 ± 0.19%), CpxR (2.93 ± 0.2%), bcrA (2.38 ± 0.24%), acrB (2.37 ± 0.18%), mexW (2.19 ± 0.17%), and vanR (1.99 ± 0.11%). Besides, mobile ARGs such as vanA, tet(48), mcr, and tetX were also detected in the mangrove sediments. Comparative analysis against terrestrial and ocean resistomes showed that the ocean ecosystem harbored the lowest ARG diversity (Chao1 = 71.12) followed by mangroves (Chao1 = 258.07) and terrestrial ecosystem (Chao1 = 294.07). ARG subtypes such as abeS and qacG were detected exclusively in ocean datasets. Likewise, rpoB2, multidrug ABC transporter, and macB, detected in mangrove and terrestrial datasets, were not detected in the ocean datasets. This study shows that the socioeconomic factors strongly determine the antibiotic resistome in the mangrove. Direct anthropogenic intervention in the mangrove environment also enriches antibiotic resistome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madangchanok Imchen
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya (P.O) Kasaragod, Kerala, 671320, India
| | - Ranjith Kumavath
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya (P.O) Kasaragod, Kerala, 671320, India.
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Sustainable Low-Volume Analysis of Environmental Samples by Semi-Automated Prioritization of Extracts for Natural Product Research (SeaPEPR). Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120649. [PMID: 33348536 PMCID: PMC7765863 DOI: 10.3390/md18120649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of novel natural products (NPs) that will serve as lead structures has to be an ongoing effort to fill the respective development pipelines. However, identification of NPs, which possess a potential for application in e.g., the pharma or agro sector, must be as cost effective and fast as possible. Furthermore, the amount of sample available for initial testing is usually very limited, not least because of the fact that the impact on the environment, i.e., the sampled biosystem, should be kept minimal. Here, our pipeline SeaPEPR is described, in which a primary bioactivity screening of crude extracts is combined with the analysis of their metabolic fingerprint. This enabled prioritization of samples for subsequent microfractionation and dereplication of the active compounds early in the workflow. As a case study, 76 marine sponge-derived extracts were screened against a microbial screening panel. Thereunder, human pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC35218 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC33592) and yeast (Candida albicans FH2173), as well as the phytopathogenic fungus Septoria tritici MUCL45407. Overall, nine extracts revealed activity against at least one test organism. Metabolic fingerprinting enabled assigning four active extracts into one metabolic group; therefore, one representative was selected for subsequent microfractionation. Dereplication of the active fractions showed a new dibrominated aplysinopsin and a hypothetical chromazonarol stereoisomer derivative. Furthermore, inhibitory activity against the common plant pest Septoria tritici was discovered for NPs of marine origin.
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Nowakiewicz A, Zięba P, Gnat S, Matuszewski Ł. Last Call for Replacement of Antimicrobials in Animal Production: Modern Challenges, Opportunities, and Potential Solutions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9120883. [PMID: 33317032 PMCID: PMC7762978 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The constant market demand for easily available and cheap food of animal origin necessitates an increasing use of antibiotics in animal production. The alarming data provided by organizations monitoring drug resistance in indicator and pathogenic bacteria isolated from humans and animals indicate a possible risk of a return to the preantibiotic era. For this reason, it seems that both preventive and therapeutic measures, taken as an alternative to antimicrobials, seem not only advisable but also necessary. Nevertheless, the results of various studies and market analyses, as well as difficulties in the implementation of alternative substances into veterinary medicine, do not guarantee that the selected alternatives will completely replace antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and animal production on a global scale. This publication is a brief overview of the drug resistance phenomenon and its determinants, the steps taken to solve the problem, including the introduction of alternatives to antimicrobials, and the evaluation of some factors influencing the potential implementation of alternatives in animal production. The review also presents two groups of alternatives, which, given their mechanism of action and spectrum, are most comparable to the effectiveness of antibiotics, as emphasized by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Nowakiewicz
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Przemysław Zięba
- State Veterinary Laboratory, Droga Męczenników Majdanka 50, 20-325 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Gnat
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Matuszewski
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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Dziri O, Dziri R, Ali El Salabi A, Chouchani C. Carbapenemase Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria in Tunisia: History of Thirteen Years of Challenge. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:4177-4191. [PMID: 33262613 PMCID: PMC7699306 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s259562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The wide spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, particularly carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB), constitutes a major public health threat worldwide, owing to the limited therapeutic options. This review will describe and uncover the Tunisian experience in the challenge against carbapenem resistance. Indeed, we illuminate on the dissemination of CR-GNB in different hospitals, animals, and other natural environments in this country. We resumed the different carbapenemase variants detected from various bacterial species and mapped their regional distribution, basing on Tunisian published data during a period extended from 2006, the date of its first description in Tunisia, to February 2019. We also resumed the different mobile genetic elements implicated in their dissemination. This review shows that the majority of the research reports focused in the north and the coastal cities in spite of the fact that KPC and IMP carbapenemases were uncommonly detected in our country. However, VIM, NDM-1, and OXA-48 enzymes were usually reported with the predominance of OXA-48 among Enterobacteriaceae. Furthermore, OXA-23, OXA-51, and OXA-58 carbapenemases constituted the main mechanism conferring carbapenem resistance among Acinetobacter baumannii in Tunisia. Collaborative efforts and raising awareness of the threat of antibiotic resistance are required in order to minimize the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Dziri
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Research in Sciences and Technology of Environment, High Institute of Science and Technology of Environment, University of Carthage, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Raoudha Dziri
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Allaaeddin Ali El Salabi
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya.,Infection Control and Patient Safety Office, New Marwa Hospital, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Chedly Chouchani
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Research in Sciences and Technology of Environment, High Institute of Science and Technology of Environment, University of Carthage, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Srivastava S, Dashora K, Ameta KL, Singh NP, El-Enshasy HA, Pagano MC, Hesham AEL, Sharma GD, Sharma M, Bhargava A. Cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides from plants: The future of antimicrobial therapy. Phytother Res 2020; 35:256-277. [PMID: 32940412 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There has been a spurt in the spread of microbial resistance to antibiotics due to indiscriminate use of antimicrobial agents in human medicine, agriculture, and animal husbandry. It has been realized that conventional antibiotic therapy would be less effective in the coming decades and more emphasis should be given for the development of novel antiinfective therapies. Cysteine rich peptides (CRPs) are broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that modulate the innate immune system of different life forms such as bacteria, protozoans, fungi, plants, insects, and animals. These are also expressed in several plant tissues in response to invasion by pathogens, and play a crucial role in the regulation of plant growth and development. The present work explores the importance of CRPs as potent antimicrobial agents, which can supplement and/or replace the conventional antibiotics. Different plant parts of diverse plant species showed the presence of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which had significant structural and functional diversity. The plant-derived AMPs exhibited potent activity toward a range of plant and animal pathogens, protozoans, insects, and even against cancer cells. The cysteine-rich AMPs have opened new avenues for the use of plants as biofactories for the production of antimicrobials and can be considered as promising antimicrobial drugs in biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Kavya Dashora
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Keshav Lalit Ameta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Hesham Ali El-Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.,City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Abd El-Latif Hesham
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Food Technology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, India
| | - Atul Bhargava
- Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, India
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Lu SY, Bischoff KM, Rich JO, Liu S, Skory CD. Recombinant bacteriophage LysKB317 endolysin mitigates Lactobacillus infection of corn mash fermentations. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:157. [PMID: 32944073 PMCID: PMC7488000 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commercial ethanol fermentation facilities traditionally rely on antibiotics for bacterial contamination control. Here we demonstrate an alternative approach to treat contamination using a novel peptidoglycan hydrolase (LysKB317) isolated from a bacteriophage, EcoSau. This endolysin was specially selected against Lactobacillus strains that were isolated as contaminants from a fuel ethanol plant. The LysKB317 gene was recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli as a 33 kDa purified enzyme. RESULTS In turbidity reduction assays, the recombinant enzyme was subjected to a panel of 32 bacterial strains and was active against 28 bacterial strains representing 1 species of Acetobacter, 8 species of Lactobacillus, 1 species of Pediococcus, 3 species of Streptococcus, and 1 species of Weissella. The activity of LysKB317 was optimal around pH 6, but it has broad activity and stability from pH 4.5-7.5 up to at least 48 h. Maximum activity was observed at 50 °C up to at least 72 h. In addition, LysKB317 was stable in 30% ethanol up to at least 72 h. In experimentally infected corn mash fermentations, 1 µM endolysin reduced bacterial load by 3-log fold change, while 0.01 µM reduced bacteria by 2-log fold change. Concentration of fermentation products (ethanol, residual glucose, lactic acid, and acetic acids) for infected cultures treated with ≥ 0.01 µM LysKB317 was similar to uncontaminated controls. CONCLUSION Exogenously added LysKB317 endolysin is functional in conditions typically found in fuel ethanol fermentations tanks and may be developed as an alternative to antibiotics for contamination control during fuel ethanol fermentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yeh Lu
- Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604-3902 USA
| | - Kenneth M. Bischoff
- Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604-3902 USA
| | - Joseph O. Rich
- Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604-3902 USA
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80526 USA
| | - Siqing Liu
- Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604-3902 USA
| | - Christopher D. Skory
- Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604-3902 USA
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Sieiro C, Areal-Hermida L, Pichardo-Gallardo Á, Almuiña-González R, de Miguel T, Sánchez S, Sánchez-Pérez Á, Villa TG. A Hundred Years of Bacteriophages: Can Phages Replace Antibiotics in Agriculture and Aquaculture? Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E493. [PMID: 32784768 PMCID: PMC7460141 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture, together with aquaculture, supplies most of the foodstuffs required by the world human population to survive. Hence, bacterial diseases affecting either agricultural crops, fish, or shellfish not only cause large economic losses to producers but can even create food shortages, resulting in malnutrition, or even famine, in vulnerable populations. Years of antibiotic use in the prevention and the treatment of these infections have greatly contributed to the emergence and the proliferation of multidrug-resistant bacteria. This review addresses the urgent need for alternative strategies for the use of antibiotics, focusing on the use of bacteriophages (phages) as biocontrol agents. Phages are viruses that specifically infect bacteria; they are highly host-specific and represent an environmentally-friendly alternative to antibiotics to control and kill pathogenic bacteria. The information evaluated here highlights the effectiveness of phages in the control of numerous major pathogens that affect both agriculture and aquaculture, with special emphasis on scientific and technological aspects still requiring further development to establish phagotherapy as a real universal alternative to antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Sieiro
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Microbiology Area, University of Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (L.A.-H.); (Á.P.-G.); (R.A.-G.)
| | - Lara Areal-Hermida
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Microbiology Area, University of Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (L.A.-H.); (Á.P.-G.); (R.A.-G.)
| | - Ángeles Pichardo-Gallardo
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Microbiology Area, University of Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (L.A.-H.); (Á.P.-G.); (R.A.-G.)
| | - Raquel Almuiña-González
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Microbiology Area, University of Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (L.A.-H.); (Á.P.-G.); (R.A.-G.)
| | - Trinidad de Miguel
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 5706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (T.d.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sandra Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 5706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (T.d.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Ángeles Sánchez-Pérez
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydnay NSN 2006, Australia;
| | - Tomás G. Villa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 5706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (T.d.M.); (S.S.)
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Country Income Is Only One of the Tiles: The Global Journey of Antimicrobial Resistance among Humans, Animals, and Environment. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080473. [PMID: 32752276 PMCID: PMC7460298 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most complex global health challenges today: decades of overuse and misuse in human medicine, animal health, agriculture, and dispersion into the environment have produced the dire consequence of infections to become progressively untreatable. Infection control and prevention (IPC) procedures, the reduction of overuse, and the misuse of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine are the cornerstones required to prevent the spreading of resistant bacteria. Purified drinking water and strongly improved sanitation even in remote areas would prevent the pollution from inadequate treatment of industrial, residential, and farm waste, as all these situations are expanding the resistome in the environment. The One Health concept addresses the interconnected relationships between human, animal, and environmental health as a whole: several countries and international agencies have now included a One Health Approach within their action plans to address AMR. Improved antimicrobial usage, coupled with regulation and policy, as well as integrated surveillance, infection control and prevention, along with antimicrobial stewardship, sanitation, and animal husbandry should all be integrated parts of any new action plan targeted to tackle AMR on the Earth. Since AMR is found in bacteria from humans, animals, and in the environment, we briefly summarize herein the current concepts of One Health as a global challenge to enable the continued use of antibiotics.
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Yukgehnaish K, Kumar P, Sivachandran P, Marimuthu K, Arshad A, Paray BA, Arockiaraj J. Gut microbiota metagenomics in aquaculture: factors influencing gut microbiome and its physiological role in fish. REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE 2020; 12:1903-1927. [DOI: 10.1111/raq.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractFish gut microbiome confers various effects to the host fish; this includes overall size, metabolism, feeding behaviour and immune response in the fish. The emergence of antimicrobial‐resistant (AMR) bacteria and hard to cure fish diseases warrant the possible utilization of gut microbes that exhibits a positive effect on the fish and thus lead to the usage of these microbes as probiotics. The widespread and systematic use of antibiotics has led to severe biological and ecological problems, especially the development of antibiotic resistance that affects the gut microbiota of aquatic organisms. Probiotics are proposed as an effective and environmentally friendly alternative to antibiotics, known as beneficial microbes. At the same time, prebiotics are considered beneficial to the host's health and growth by decreasing the prevalence of intestinal pathogens and/or changing the development of bacterial metabolites related to health. Uprise of sequencing technology and the development of intricate bioinformatics tools has provided a way to study these gut microbes through metagenomic analysis. From various metagenomic studies, ample of information was obtained; such information includes the effect of the gut microbiome on the physiology of fish, gut microbe composition of different fish, factors affecting the gut microbial composition of the fish and the immunological effect of gut microbes in fish; such this information related to the fish gut microbiome, their function and their importance in aquaculture is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Praveen Kumar
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Parimannan Sivachandran
- Faculty of Applied Sciences Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (CO MBio) AIMST University Bedong Malaysia
- Faculty of Science School of Life and Environmental Sciences Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus Geelong Australia
| | - Kasi Marimuthu
- Department of Biotechnology AIMST University Semeling Kedah Darul Aman Malaysia
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS) Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Negeri Sembilan Malaysia
- Department of Aquaculture Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor Malaysia
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology Institute of Bioscience Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Bilal Ahmad Paray
- Department of Zoology College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
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Padmini N, Ajilda AAK, Prabakaran P, Sivakumar N, Selvakumar G. Efficacy of marine cyanobacterium Oxynema thaianum ALU PBC5 against multi drug resistant Gram negative pathogens. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:50-60. [PMID: 32594639 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Emergence of extended antibiotic resistance among several human bacterial pathogens often leads to the failure of existing antibiotics to treat bacterial infections worldwide. Hence, the present study is aimed to explore antibacterial activity of marine cyanobacterium against MDR pathogens. METHODS AND RESULTS The cyanobacterial samples were collected and isolated from Thondi Palk Strait region. The isolate was subjected to polarity based solvent extraction and checked for their antibacterial activity against test bacterial pathogens. The active principles from chloroform extract of Oxynema thaianum (CEOT) were partially purified through thin layer chromatography (TLC). The active principle with highest activity was further characterized by FTIR, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Among the eight extracts tested, CEOT showed effective zone of clearance against ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in disc diffusion method. In TLC, all the purified five fractions were eluted and tested for their antibacterial activity against test pathogens. The third fraction showing maximum activity was subjected to HPLC analysis for checking its purity. In GC-MS analysis, 9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester and hexadecanoic acid were identified as the major chemical compounds. CONCLUSION Hence, the present study was concluded that O. thaianum ALU PBC5 is a promising agent to treat ESBL producing MDR bacterial pathogens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the pioneer study on screening and isolation of bioactive compounds from the marine cyanobacteria against MDR pathogens such as E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Here, 9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester and hexadecanoic acid were identified as the major chemical compounds through TLC, FTIR, HPLC and GC-MS. From this screen, we identified the bioactive compounds against ESBL producing multidrug resistant pathogens such as E. coli and K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Padmini
- Department of Microbiology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A A K Ajilda
- Department of Microbiology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Prabakaran
- Department of Microbiology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Sivakumar
- School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Selvakumar
- Department of Microbiology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
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Flees J, Greene E, Ganguly B, Dridi S. Phytogenic feed- and water-additives improve feed efficiency in broilers via modulation of (an)orexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptide expression. Neuropeptides 2020; 81:102005. [PMID: 31926603 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fueled by consumer preference for natural and antibiotic-free products, phytogenics have become the fastest growing segment of the animal feed additives. Yet, their modes of action are not fully understood. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of 5 phytogenics (3 feed- and 2 water-supplements) on the growth performance of commercial broilers, and their potential underlying molecular mechanisms. Day-old male Cobb 500 chicks (n = 576) were randomly assigned into 48 pens consisting of 6 treatments (Control; AVHGP; SCP; BHGP; AVSSL; SG) in a complete randomized design (12 birds/pen, 8 pens/treatment, 96 birds/treatment). Chicks had ad libitum access to feed and water. Individual body weight (BW) was recorded weekly and feed intake was measured daily. Core body temperatures were continuously recorded using thermo-loggers. At d 35, hypothalamic tissues were excised from the thermo-logger-equipped chickens (n = 8 birds/treatment) to determine the expression of feeding-related neuropeptides. Both feed (AVHGP, SCP, BHGP) and water-supplemented (AVSSL, SG) phytogenics significantly improved feed efficiency (FE) compared to the control birds. This higher FE was achieved via a reduction in core body temperature and improvement of market BW, without changes in feed intake in broilers supplemented with phytogenic water additives as compared to the control group. Broilers fed dietary phytogenics, however, attained higher feed efficiency via a reduction in feed intake while maintaining similar BW as the control group. At the molecular levels, the effects of the phytogenic water additives seemed to be mediated by the activation of the hypothalamic AgRP-ORX-mTOR-S6k1 and inhibition of CRH pathways. The effect of the phytogenic feed additives appeared to be exerted through the activation of AdipoQ, STAT3, AMPK, and MC1R pathways. This is the first report describing the likely central mechanisms through which phytogenic additives improve the growth performance and feed efficiency in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Flees
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Greene
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
| | - Bhaskar Ganguly
- Clinical Research, Ayurvet Limited, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh 173205, India
| | - Sami Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America.
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Sariola S, Gilbert SF. Toward a Symbiotic Perspective on Public Health: Recognizing the Ambivalence of Microbes in the Anthropocene. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E746. [PMID: 32429344 PMCID: PMC7285259 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes evolve in complex environments that are often fashioned, in part, by human desires. In a global perspective, public health has played major roles in structuring how microbes are perceived, cultivated, and destroyed. The germ theory of disease cast microbes as enemies of the body and the body politic. Antibiotics have altered microbial development by providing stringent natural selection on bacterial species, and this has led to the formation of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. Public health perspectives such as "Precision Public Health" and "One Health" have recently been proposed to further manage microbial populations. However, neither of these take into account the symbiotic relationships that exist between bacterial species and between bacteria, viruses, and their eukaryotic hosts. We propose a perspective on public health that recognizes microbial evolution through symbiotic associations (the hologenome theory) and through lateral gene transfer. This perspective has the advantage of including both the pathogenic and beneficial interactions of humans with bacteria, as well as combining the outlook of the "One Health" model with the genomic methodologies utilized in the "Precision Public Health" model. In the Anthropocene, the conditions for microbial evolution have been altered by human interventions, and public health initiatives must recognize both the beneficial (indeed, necessary) interactions of microbes with their hosts as well as their pathogenic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla Sariola
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Sociology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Scott F. Gilbert
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA
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Aquaculture at the crossroads of global warming and antimicrobial resistance. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1870. [PMID: 32312964 PMCID: PMC7170852 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15735-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In many developing countries, aquaculture is key to ensuring food security for millions of people. It is thus important to measure the full implications of environmental changes on the sustainability of aquaculture. We conduct a double meta-analysis (460 articles) to explore how global warming and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) impact aquaculture. We calculate a Multi-Antibiotic Resistance index (MAR) of aquaculture-related bacteria (11,274 isolates) for 40 countries, of which mostly low- and middle-income countries present high AMR levels. Here we show that aquaculture MAR indices correlate with MAR indices from human clinical bacteria, temperature and countries’ climate vulnerability. We also find that infected aquatic animals present higher mortalities at warmer temperatures. Countries most vulnerable to climate change will probably face the highest AMR risks, impacting human health beyond the aquaculture sector, highlighting the need for urgent action. Sustainable solutions to minimise antibiotic use and increase system resilience are therefore needed. Global environmental changes threaten many food-producing sectors, including aquaculture. Here the authors show that countries most vulnerable to climate change will probably face the highest antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture-related bacteria, and that infected aquatic animals have higher mortality at warmer temperatures.
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Chen HC, Pan CY, Rajanbabu V, Lee YY, Tsai WR, Chen JY. Lack of Acute Toxicity and Mutagenicity from Recombinant Epinephelus lanceolatus Piscidin Expressed in Pichia pastoris. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18040206. [PMID: 32290449 PMCID: PMC7230367 DOI: 10.3390/md18040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial peptide (AMP) piscidin was identified from Epinephelus lanceolatus and demonstrated to possess antimicrobial and immune-related functions. Supplementation of feed with recombinant Epinephelus lanceolatus piscidin (rEP)-expressing yeast pellets may minimize the excessive use of antibiotics and control pathogens in aquaculture or animal husbandry. However, before implementing rEP as a supplement, it is necessary to understand whether it harbors any toxicity. Since toxicological information on the topic is scarce, the present investigation was carried out to test whether rEP exhibits allergenic and/or toxic effects. In an oral acute toxicity test (OECD 425), Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were administered rEP dissolved in reverse osmosis water, yielding an LD50 > 5000 mg/kg (no observed animal death). The compound was therefore classified as non-toxic by oral administration. In an acute respiratory toxicity test (OECD 403), heads and noses of SD rats were exposed to liquid aerosol for 4 h (the highest concentration that could be administered without causing any animal death), and a lethal concentration (LC50) > 0.88 mg/L was obtained. The mass medium aerodynamics diameter (MMAD) of rEP aerosol particles was 8.18 μm and mass medium aerodynamics diameter (GSD) was 3.04, which meant that 25.90% could enter the airway (<4 μm) of a rat, and 58.06% (<10 μm) could be inhaled by humans. An ocular irritation test (OECD 405) with rEP powder was performed on New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. Signs of irritation included conjunctival swelling and diffuse flushing 1 h after administration. The signs were less apparent after 24 h and disappeared after 72 h. The classification assigned to the powder was mild eye irritation. Skin sensitization was performed for a local lymphoproliferative test (OECD 442B) using BALB/c mice, with the highest soluble concentration of the rEP considered to be 100% test substance; formulations were diluted to 50% and 25%, and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation was used to measure the degree of lymphocyte proliferation. The stimulation indexes (SIs) were 1.06 (100%), 0.44 (50%), and 0.77 (25%), all of which were less than the cutoff value for a positive sensitization result (1.6). Negative response was also seen in the bacterial reverse mutation test (OECD 471), and no chromosomal effects on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells were observed (OECD 487). Based on these six toxicity tests, rEP showed neither acute toxic effects in experimental animals nor mutagenicity. Thus, rEP can be considered safe for use in subsequent research on its application as a feed additive for poultry, cattle, or aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ching Chen
- Division of Applied Toxicology, Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taichung City 41358, Taiwan; (H.-C.C.); (Y.-Y.L.)
| | - Chieh-Yu Pan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
| | - Venugopal Rajanbabu
- Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tiruchchirapalli, Tamil Nadu 620027, India;
| | - Yen-Yun Lee
- Division of Applied Toxicology, Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taichung City 41358, Taiwan; (H.-C.C.); (Y.-Y.L.)
| | - Wei-Ren Tsai
- Division of Applied Toxicology, Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taichung City 41358, Taiwan; (H.-C.C.); (Y.-Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (W.-R.T.); (J.-Y.C.); Tel.: +886-988105706 (W.-R.T.); +886-920802111 (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Jyh-Yih Chen
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Road, Jiaushi, Ilan 262, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-R.T.); (J.-Y.C.); Tel.: +886-988105706 (W.-R.T.); +886-920802111 (J.-Y.C.)
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Abdullah SM, Rachid S. On Column Binding a Real-Time Biosensor for β-lactam Antibiotics Quantification. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051248. [PMID: 32164217 PMCID: PMC7179420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to develop accurate, quick, and practical tools for the detection of residues of penicillin G antibiotic in biological and non-biological samples. The assays were developed based on the binding mechanism of β-lactam to penicillin-binding proteins; samples of different concentrations of penicillin G were incubated with in vitro expressed 6X-Histidine-tagged soluble penicillin-binding protein (PBP2x*) of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), whereby penicillin G in samples specifically binds to PBP2x*. The fluorescent-labeled β-lactam analogue Bocillin FL was used as a competent substrate, and two different routes estimated the amounts of the penicillin G. The first route was established based on the differences in the concentration of non-bounded Bocillin FL molecules within the reactions while using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for fluorescence detection. The second route depended on the amount of the relative intensity of Bocillin FL bounded to Soluble PBP-2x*, being run on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-page), visualized by a ChemiDoc-It®2 Imager, and quantified based on the fluorescence affinity of the competent substrate. While both of the methods gave a broad range of linearity and high sensitivity, the on column based real-time method is fast, non-time consuming, and highly sensitive. The method identified traces of antibiotic in the range 0.01-0.2 nM in addition to higher accuracy in comparison to the SDS-based detection method, while the sensitivity of the SDS-based method ranged between 0.015 and 2 µM). Thus, the on column based real time assay is a fast novel method, which was developed for the first time based on the binding inhibition of a fluorescence competitor material and it can be adapted to screen traces of penicillin G in any biological and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla M. Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Ranyia 46012, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq;
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Koysanjaq 44023, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Shwan Rachid
- Charmo Center for Research, Training, and Consultancy, Charmo University, Chamchamal 46023, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0964-7701494344
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Pahalagedara ASNW, Flint S, Palmer J, Brightwell G, Gupta TB. Antimicrobial production by strictly anaerobic Clostridium spp. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 55:105910. [PMID: 31991218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance continues to rise on a global scale, affecting the environment, humans, animals and food systems. Use of natural antimicrobials has been favoured over synthetic molecules in food preservation owing to concerns over the adverse health effects of synthetic chemicals. The continuing need for novel natural antimicrobial compounds has spurred research to investigate natural sources, such as bacteria, for antimicrobials. The antimicrobial-producing potential of bacteria has been investigated in numerous studies. However, the discovery of antimicrobials has been biased towards aerobes and facultative anaerobes, and strict anaerobes such as Clostridium spp. have been largely neglected. In recent years, genomic studies have indicated the genetic potential of strict anaerobes to produce putative bioactive molecules and this has encouraged the exploration of Clostridium spp. for their antimicrobial production. So far, only a limited number of antimicrobial compounds have been isolated, identified and characterised from the genus Clostridium. This review discusses our current knowledge and understanding of clostridial antimicrobial compounds as well as recent genome mining studies of Clostridium spp. focused at identification of putative gene clusters encoding bacterial secondary metabolite groups and peptides reported to possess antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, opportunities and challenges in the identification of antimicrobials from Clostridium spp. using genomic-guided approaches are discussed. The limited studies conducted so far have identified the genus Clostridium as a viable source of antimicrobial compounds for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amila Srilal Nawarathna Weligala Pahalagedara
- Food Assurance Team, AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4474, New Zealand; School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Steve Flint
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jon Palmer
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Gale Brightwell
- Food Assurance Team, AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4474, New Zealand
| | - Tanushree Barua Gupta
- Food Assurance Team, AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4474, New Zealand.
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Neves YF, Eloi ACL, de Freitas HMM, Soares EGO, Rivillo D, Demétrio da Silva V, Schrekker HS, Badel JL. Imidazolium salts as alternative compounds to control diseases caused by plant pathogenic bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 128:1236-1247. [PMID: 31922640 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the inhibitory effect of five structurally different imidazolium salts on the in vitro growth of plant pathogenic bacteria that belong to divergent taxonomic genera as well as their ability to reduce the severity of common bacterial blight of common bean caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli and bacterial speck of tomato caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. METHODS AND RESULTS Growth inhibition of Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas, Erwinia, Pectobacterium and Dickeya strains by imidazolium salts was assessed in vitro by radial diffusion on agar medium and by ressazurin reduction in liquid medium. The reduction of common bacterial blight and bacterial speck symptoms and the area under de disease progress curves were determined by spraying two selected imidazolium salts on healthy plants 48 h prior to inoculation with virulent strains of the bacterial pathogens. All imidazolium salts inhibited the growth of all plant pathogenic bacteria when tested by radial diffusion on agar medium. The strength of inhibition differed among imidazolium salts when tested on the same bacterial strain and among bacterial strains when tested with the same imidazolium salt. In liquid medium, most imidazolium salts presented the same minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration values (200 µmol l-1 ), the most notable exception of which was the MIC (at least 1000 µmol l-1 ) for the dicationic MImC10 MImBr2 . The imidazolium salts C16 MImBr and C16 MImCl caused significant reductions in the severity of common bacterial blight symptoms when compared with nontreated plants. CONCLUSION Imidazolium salts inhibit the in vitro growth of plant pathogenic bacteria and reduce plant disease symptoms to levels comparable to an authorized commercial antibiotic product. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY New compounds exhibiting broad-spectrum antibacterial activity with potential use in agriculture were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Neves
- Laboratory of Molecular Phytobacteriology, Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - A C L Eloi
- Laboratory of Molecular Phytobacteriology, Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - H M M de Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Phytobacteriology, Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - E G O Soares
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - D Rivillo
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - V Demétrio da Silva
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - H S Schrekker
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J L Badel
- Laboratory of Molecular Phytobacteriology, Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Parnham MJ, Geisslinger G. Pharmacological plasticity-How do you hit a moving target? Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00532. [PMID: 31768257 PMCID: PMC6868654 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Paul Ehrlich's concept of the magic bullet, by which a single drug induces pharmacological effects by interacting with a single receptor has been a strong driving force in pharmacology for a century. It is continually thwarted, though, by the fact that the treated organism is highly dynamic and the target molecule(s) is (are) never static. In this article, we address some of the factors that modify and cause the mobility and plasticity of drug targets and their interactions with ligands and discuss how these can lead to unexpected (lack of) effects of drugs. These factors include genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic variability, cellular plasticity, chronobiological rhythms, time, age and disease resolution, sex, drug metabolism, and distribution. We emphasize four existing approaches that can be taken, either singly or in combination, to try to minimize effects of pharmacological plasticity. These are firstly, to enhance specificity using target conditions close to those in diseases, secondly, by simultaneously or thirdly, sequentially aiming at multiple targets, and fourthly, in synchronization with concurrent dietary, psychological, training, and biorhythm-synchronizing procedures to optimize drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology & Applied Ecology IMEBranch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMPFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology & Applied Ecology IMEBranch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMPFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyJ.W. Goethe UniversityFrankfurtGermany
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Bianchini S, Argentiero A, Camilloni B, Silvestri E, Alunno A, Esposito S. Vaccination against Paediatric Respiratory Pathogens. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E168. [PMID: 31683882 PMCID: PMC6963365 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are extremely common in children, especially those under 5 years old. They can lead to complications, super-infection, respiratory failure, and even compromised respiratory function in adulthood. For some of the responsible pathogens, vaccines are available. This review reports current issues about vaccines against the main respiratory pathogens to highlight the available strategies to reduce the burden of paediatric respiratory disease. The optimal use of influenza, pneumococcal, pertussis and measles vaccines is required in order to reduce ARI burden. Vaccination coverage rates must be improved to achieve the full benefits of these vaccines. Recently, advances in the knowledge of respiratory syncytial virus structural biology and immunology as well as the development of new techniques to generate vaccine candidates have increased the number of promising vaccines even against this harmful pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bianchini
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Alberto Argentiero
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Barbara Camilloni
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Ettore Silvestri
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Anna Alunno
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
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50
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Knight GM, Costelloe C, Murray KA, Robotham JV, Atun R, Holmes AH. Addressing the Unknowns of Antimicrobial Resistance: Quantifying and Mapping the Drivers of Burden. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 66:612-616. [PMID: 29020246 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The global threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has arisen through a network of complex interacting factors. Many different sources and transmission pathways contribute to the ever-growing burden of AMR in our clinical settings. The lack of data on these mechanisms and the relative importance of different factors causing the emergence and spread of AMR hampers our global efforts to effectively manage the risks. Importantly, we have little quantitative knowledge on the relative contributions of these sources and are likely to be targeting our interventions suboptimally as a result. Here we propose a systems mapping approach to address the urgent need for reliable and timely data to strengthen the response to AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenan M Knight
- Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, National Institute of Health Research, and Department of Infectious Diseases
| | - Ceire Costelloe
- Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, National Institute of Health Research, and Department of Infectious Diseases
| | - Kris A Murray
- Grantham Institute-Climate Change and the Environment.,School of Public Health, Imperial College London
| | - Julie V Robotham
- Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, National Institute of Health Research, and Department of Infectious Diseases.,Modelling and Economics Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance.,Control, Public Health England and Health Protection Research Unit in Modelling Methodology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rifat Atun
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alison H Holmes
- Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, National Institute of Health Research, and Department of Infectious Diseases.,Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
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