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Froula JM, Rose JJ, Krook-Magnuson C, Krook-Magnuson E. Distinct functional classes of CA1 hippocampal interneurons are modulated by cerebellar stimulation in a coordinated manner. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.14.594213. [PMID: 38798335 PMCID: PMC11118308 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.14.594213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that the cerebellum impacts hippocampal functioning, but the impact of the cerebellum on hippocampal interneurons remains obscure. Using miniscopes in freely behaving animals, we find optogenetic stimulation of Purkinje cells alters the calcium activity of a large percentage of CA1 interneurons. This includes both increases and decreases in activity. Remarkably, this bidirectional impact occurs in a coordinated fashion, in line with interneurons' functional properties. Specifically, CA1 interneurons activated by cerebellar stimulation are commonly locomotion-active, while those inhibited by cerebellar stimulation are commonly rest-active interneurons. We additionally find that subsets of CA1 interneurons show altered activity during object investigations, suggesting a role in the processing of objects in space. Importantly, these neurons also show coordinated modulation by cerebellar stimulation: CA1 interneurons that are activated by cerebellar stimulation are more likely to be activated, rather than inhibited, during object investigations, while interneurons that show decreased activity during cerebellar stimulation show the opposite profile. Therefore, CA1 interneurons play a role in object processing and in cerebellar impacts on the hippocampus, providing insight into previously noted altered CA1 processing of objects in space with cerebellar stimulation. We examined two different stimulation locations (IV/V Vermis; Simplex) and two different stimulation approaches (7Hz or a single 1s light pulse) - in all cases, the cerebellum induces similar coordinated CA1 interneuron changes congruent with an explorative state. Overall, our data show that the cerebellum impacts CA1 interneurons in a bidirectional and coordinated fashion, positioning them to play an important role in cerebello-hippocampal communication. Significance Statement Acute manipulation of the cerebellum can affect the activity of cells in CA1, and perturbing normal cerebellar functioning can affect hippocampal-dependent spatial processing, including the processing of objects in space. Despite the importance of interneurons on the local hippocampal circuit, it was unknown how cerebellar activation impacts CA1 inhibitory neurons. We find that stimulating the cerebellum robustly affects multiple populations of CA1 interneurons in a bidirectional, coordinated manner, according to their functional profiles during behavior, including locomotion and object investigations. Our work also provides support for a role of CA1 interneurons in spatial processing of objects, with populations of interneurons showing altered activity during object investigations.
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Ruikes TR, Fiorilli J, Lim J, Huis In 't Veld G, Bosman C, Pennartz CMA. Theta Phase Entrainment of Single-Cell Spiking in Rat Somatosensory Barrel Cortex and Secondary Visual Cortex Is Enhanced during Multisensory Discrimination Behavior. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0180-23.2024. [PMID: 38621992 PMCID: PMC11055653 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0180-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Phase entrainment of cells by theta oscillations is thought to globally coordinate the activity of cell assemblies across different structures, such as the hippocampus and neocortex. This coordination is likely required for optimal processing of sensory input during recognition and decision-making processes. In quadruple-area ensemble recordings from male rats engaged in a multisensory discrimination task, we investigated phase entrainment of cells by theta oscillations in areas along the corticohippocampal hierarchy: somatosensory barrel cortex (S1BF), secondary visual cortex (V2L), perirhinal cortex (PER), and dorsal hippocampus (dHC). Rats discriminated between two 3D objects presented in tactile-only, visual-only, or both tactile and visual modalities. During task engagement, S1BF, V2L, PER, and dHC LFP signals showed coherent theta-band activity. We found phase entrainment of single-cell spiking activity to locally recorded as well as hippocampal theta activity in S1BF, V2L, PER, and dHC. While phase entrainment of hippocampal spikes to local theta oscillations occurred during sustained epochs of task trials and was nonselective for behavior and modality, somatosensory and visual cortical cells were only phase entrained during stimulus presentation, mainly in their preferred modality (S1BF, tactile; V2L, visual), with subsets of cells selectively phase-entrained during cross-modal stimulus presentation (S1BF: visual; V2L: tactile). This effect could not be explained by modulations of firing rate or theta amplitude. Thus, hippocampal cells are phase entrained during prolonged epochs, while sensory and perirhinal neurons are selectively entrained during sensory stimulus presentation, providing a brief time window for coordination of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs R Ruikes
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Julien Fiorilli
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Lim
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Huis In 't Veld
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Conrado Bosman
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Cyriel M A Pennartz
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
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3
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Aboutorabi E, Baloni Ray S, Kaping D, Shahbazi F, Treue S, Esghaei M. Phase of neural oscillations as a reference frame for attention-based routing in visual cortex. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 233:102563. [PMID: 38142770 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Selective attention allows the brain to efficiently process the image projected onto the retina, selectively focusing neural processing resources on behaviorally relevant visual information. While previous studies have documented the crucial role of the action potential rate of single neurons in relaying such information, little is known about how the activity of single neurons relative to their neighboring network contributes to the efficient representation of attended stimuli and transmission of this information to downstream areas. Here, we show in the dorsal visual pathway of monkeys (medial superior temporal area) that neurons fire spikes preferentially at a specific phase of the ongoing population beta (∼20 Hz) oscillations of the surrounding local network. This preferred spiking phase shifts towards a later phase when monkeys selectively attend towards (rather than away from) the receptive field of the neuron. This shift of the locking phase is positively correlated with the speed at which animals report a visual change. Furthermore, our computational modeling suggests that neural networks can manipulate the preferred phase of coupling by imposing differential synaptic delays on postsynaptic potentials. This distinction between the locking phase of neurons activated by the spatially attended stimulus vs. that of neurons activated by the unattended stimulus, may enable the neural system to discriminate relevant from irrelevant sensory inputs and consequently filter out distracting stimuli information by aligning the spikes which convey relevant/irrelevant information to distinct phases linked to periods of better/worse perceptual sensitivity for higher cortices. This strategy may be used to reserve the narrow windows of highest perceptual efficacy to the processing of the most behaviorally relevant information, ensuring highly efficient responses to attended sensory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Aboutorabi
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Baloni Ray
- Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Daniel Kaping
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Farhad Shahbazi
- Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Stefan Treue
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany; Faculty for Biology and Psychology, University of Goettingen, Germany; Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Moein Esghaei
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany; Westa Higher Education Center, Karaj, Iran.
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4
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Perrodin C, Verzat C, Bendor D. Courtship behaviour reveals temporal regularity is a critical social cue in mouse communication. eLife 2023; 12:RP86464. [PMID: 38149925 PMCID: PMC10752583 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
While animals navigating the real world face a barrage of sensory input, their brains evolved to perceptually compress multidimensional information by selectively extracting the features relevant for survival. Notably, communication signals supporting social interactions in several mammalian species consist of acoustically complex sequences of vocalisations. However, little is known about what information listeners extract from such time-varying sensory streams. Here, we utilise female mice's natural behavioural response to male courtship songs to identify the relevant acoustic dimensions used in their social decisions. We found that females were highly sensitive to disruptions of song temporal regularity and preferentially approached playbacks of intact over rhythmically irregular versions of male songs. In contrast, female behaviour was invariant to manipulations affecting the songs' sequential organisation or the spectro-temporal structure of individual syllables. The results reveal temporal regularity as a key acoustic cue extracted by mammalian listeners from complex vocal sequences during goal-directed social behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Perrodin
- Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Colombine Verzat
- Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Idiap Research InstituteMartignySwitzerland
| | - Daniel Bendor
- Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Joshi A, Denovellis EL, Mankili A, Meneksedag Y, Davidson TJ, Gillespie AK, Guidera JA, Roumis D, Frank LM. Dynamic synchronization between hippocampal representations and stepping. Nature 2023; 617:125-131. [PMID: 37046088 PMCID: PMC10156593 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05928-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a mammalian brain structure that expresses spatial representations1 and is crucial for navigation2,3. Navigation, in turn, intricately depends on locomotion; however, current accounts suggest a dissociation between hippocampal spatial representations and the details of locomotor processes. Specifically, the hippocampus is thought to represent mainly higher-order cognitive and locomotor variables such as position, speed and direction of movement4-7, whereas the limb movements that propel the animal can be computed and represented primarily in subcortical circuits, including the spinal cord, brainstem and cerebellum8-11. Whether hippocampal representations are actually decoupled from the detailed structure of locomotor processes remains unknown. To address this question, here we simultaneously monitored hippocampal spatial representations and ongoing limb movements underlying locomotion at fast timescales. We found that the forelimb stepping cycle in freely behaving rats is rhythmic and peaks at around 8 Hz during movement, matching the approximately 8 Hz modulation of hippocampal activity and spatial representations during locomotion12. We also discovered precisely timed coordination between the time at which the forelimbs touch the ground ('plant' times of the stepping cycle) and the hippocampal representation of space. Notably, plant times coincide with hippocampal representations that are closest to the actual position of the nose of the rat, whereas between these plant times, the hippocampal representation progresses towards possible future locations. This synchronization was specifically detectable when rats approached spatial decisions. Together, our results reveal a profound and dynamic coordination on a timescale of tens of milliseconds between central cognitive representations and peripheral motor processes. This coordination engages and disengages rapidly in association with cognitive demands and is well suited to support rapid information exchange between cognitive and sensory-motor circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilasha Joshi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Eric L Denovellis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Abhijith Mankili
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yagiz Meneksedag
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Thomas J Davidson
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anna K Gillespie
- Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Guidera
- Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Demetris Roumis
- Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Loren M Frank
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Mao D. Neural Correlates of Spatial Navigation in Primate Hippocampus. Neurosci Bull 2022; 39:315-327. [PMID: 36319893 PMCID: PMC9905402 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00968-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus has been extensively implicated in spatial navigation in rodents and more recently in bats. Numerous studies have revealed that various kinds of spatial information are encoded across hippocampal regions. In contrast, investigations of spatial behavioral correlates in the primate hippocampus are scarce and have been mostly limited to head-restrained subjects during virtual navigation. However, recent advances made in freely-moving primates suggest marked differences in spatial representations from rodents, albeit some similarities. Here, we review empirical studies examining the neural correlates of spatial navigation in the primate (including human) hippocampus at the levels of local field potentials and single units. The lower frequency theta oscillations are often intermittent. Single neuron responses are highly mixed and task-dependent. We also discuss neuronal selectivity in the eye and head coordinates. Finally, we propose that future studies should focus on investigating both intrinsic and extrinsic population activity and examining spatial coding properties in large-scale hippocampal-neocortical networks across tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Mao
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligent Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Fotooh Estahbanati M, Rezaeinasab M, Akbari Chermahini S, Mirzaeekia H, Azin M, Shamsizadeh A. The Effect of Involuntary Tactile Stimulation on the Creativity and Rey Auditory-Verbal Memory of Young Adults. Basic Clin Neurosci 2022; 13:755-764. [PMID: 37323960 PMCID: PMC10262283 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2022.147.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent studies have revealed the possibility of learning skills through alternative methods and repetitive tactile stimulation without explicit training. This study aimed to examine the effect of involuntary tactile stimulation on the memory and creativity of healthy participants. Methods A group of 92 right-handed students participated in this study voluntarily. They were assigned to the experimental (n=45) and control (n=47) groups. The participants performed two creativity tests (divergent and convergent thinking) and a verbal memory task as the pretest. Then, the experimental group received 30-min involuntary tactile stimulation on the right index finger, and the control group did not. In the posttest, both groups were asked to perform the creativity and verbal memory tasks again. Results The learning score and speed of the Rey auditory-verbal learning test in the stimulation group significantly increased (P=0.02). Moreover, in the creativity-related tests, there was a significant effect of the intervention on convergent thinking, i.e., the remote association task (P=0.03), but not for the divergent thinking, i.e., the alternative uses test (P>0.05). Conclusion Using involuntary tactile stimulation on the index finger of the right hand of individuals could enhance their performance in verbal memory and creativity-convergent thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Fotooh Estahbanati
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Information Technology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezaeinasab
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Mirzaeekia
- Department of English Language, Estahban School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Azin
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Shamsizadeh
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Behaviourally modulated hippocampal theta oscillations in the ferret persist during both locomotion and immobility. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5905. [PMID: 36207304 PMCID: PMC9547075 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Theta oscillations are a hallmark of hippocampal activity across mammals and play a critical role in many hippocampal models of memory and spatial navigation. To reconcile the cross-species differences observed in the presence and properties of theta, we recorded hippocampal local field potentials in rats and ferrets during auditory and visual localisation tasks designed to vary locomotion and sensory attention. Here, we show that theta oscillations occur during locomotion in both ferrets and rats, however during periods of immobility, theta oscillations persist in the ferret, contrasting starkly with the switch to large irregular activity (LIA) in the rat. Theta during immobility in the ferret is identified as analogous to Type 2 theta that has been observed in rodents due to its sensitivity to atropine, and is modulated by behavioural state with the strongest theta observed during reward epochs. These results demonstrate that even under similar behavioural conditions, differences exist between species in the relationship between theta and behavioural state.
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Shing N, Walker MC, Chang P. The Role of Aberrant Neural Oscillations in the Hippocampal-Medial Prefrontal Cortex Circuit in Neurodevelopmental and Neurological Disorders. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 195:107683. [PMID: 36174886 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus (HPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) have well-established roles in cognition, emotion, and sensory processing. In recent years, interests have shifted towards developing a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying interactions between the HPC and mPFC in achieving these functions. Considerable research supports the idea that synchronized activity between the HPC and the mPFC is a general mechanism by which brain functions are regulated. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the hippocampal-medial prefrontal cortex (HPC-mPFC) circuit in normal brain function with a focus on oscillations and highlight several neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders associated with aberrant HPC-mPFC circuitry. We further discuss oscillatory dynamics across the HPC-mPFC circuit as potentially useful biomarkers to assess interventions for neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders. Finally, advancements in brain stimulation, gene therapy and pharmacotherapy are explored as promising therapies for disorders with aberrant HPC-mPFC circuit dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael Shing
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR17BH, UK
| | - Matthew C Walker
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Pishan Chang
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT.
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10
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Sych Y, Fomins A, Novelli L, Helmchen F. Dynamic reorganization of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical network during task learning. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111394. [PMID: 36130513 PMCID: PMC9513804 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive behavior is coordinated by neuronal networks that are distributed across multiple brain regions such as in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical (CBGTC) network. Here, we ask how cross-regional interactions within such mesoscale circuits reorganize when an animal learns a new task. We apply multi-fiber photometry to chronically record simultaneous activity in 12 or 48 brain regions of mice trained in a tactile discrimination task. With improving task performance, most regions shift their peak activity from the time of reward-related action to the reward-predicting stimulus. By estimating cross-regional interactions using transfer entropy, we reveal that functional networks encompassing basal ganglia, thalamus, neocortex, and hippocampus grow and stabilize upon learning, especially at stimulus presentation time. The internal globus pallidus, ventromedial thalamus, and several regions in the frontal cortex emerge as salient hub regions. Our results highlight the learning-related dynamic reorganization that brain networks undergo when task-appropriate mesoscale network dynamics are established for goal-oriented behavior. Multi-fiber photometry reveals brain network adaptations during learning Activity in most regions temporally shifts from reward to predictive stimulus Cross-regional interactions in the CBGTC network increase and stabilize with learning Internal pallidum, VM thalamus, and prefrontal cortex regions emerge as hubs
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav Sych
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Dynamics, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Aleksejs Fomins
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Dynamics, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Novelli
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Dynamics, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fritjof Helmchen
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Dynamics, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Tactile information from the vibrissal system modulates hippocampal functioning. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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12
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Del Rio-Bermudez C, Blumberg MS. Sleep as a window on the sensorimotor foundations of the developing hippocampus. Hippocampus 2022; 32:89-97. [PMID: 33945190 PMCID: PMC9118132 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampal formation plays established roles in learning, memory, and related cognitive functions. Recent findings also suggest that the hippocampus integrates sensory feedback from self-generated movements to modulate ongoing motor responses in a changing environment. Such findings support the view of Bland and Oddie (Behavioural Brain Research, 2001, 127, 119-136) that the hippocampus is a site of sensorimotor integration. In further support of this view, we review neurophysiological evidence in developing rats that hippocampal function is built on a sensorimotor foundation and that this foundation is especially evident early in development. Moreover, at those ages when the hippocampus is first establishing functional connectivity with distant sensory and motor structures, that connectivity is preferentially expressed during periods of active (or REM) sleep. These findings reinforce the notion that sleep, as the predominant state of early infancy, provides a critical context for sensorimotor development, including development of the hippocampus and its associated network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark S Blumberg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Balasco L, Pagani M, Pangrazzi L, Chelini G, Ciancone Chama AG, Shlosman E, Mattioni L, Galbusera A, Iurilli G, Provenzano G, Gozzi A, Bozzi Y. Abnormal Whisker-Dependent Behaviors and Altered Cortico-Hippocampal Connectivity in Shank3b-/- Mice. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:3042-3056. [PMID: 34791077 PMCID: PMC9290535 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal tactile response is an integral feature of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs), and hypo-responsiveness to tactile stimuli is often associated with the severity of ASDs core symptoms. Patients with Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS), caused by mutations in the SHANK3 gene, show ASD-like symptoms associated with aberrant tactile responses. The neural underpinnings of these abnormalities are still poorly understood. Here we investigated, in Shank3b−/− adult mice, the neural substrates of whisker-guided behaviors, a key component of rodents’ interaction with the surrounding environment. We assessed whisker-dependent behaviors in Shank3b−/− adult mice and age-matched controls, using the textured novel object recognition (tNORT) and whisker nuisance (WN) test. Shank3b−/− mice showed deficits in whisker-dependent texture discrimination in tNORT and behavioral hypo-responsiveness to repetitive whisker stimulation in WN. Sensory hypo-responsiveness was accompanied by a significantly reduced activation of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and hippocampus, as measured by c-fos mRNA induction, a proxy of neuronal activity following whisker stimulation. Moreover, resting-state fMRI showed a significantly reduced S1-hippocampal connectivity in Shank3b mutants, in the absence of altered connectivity between S1 and other somatosensory areas. Impaired crosstalk between hippocampus and S1 might underlie Shank3b−/− hypo-reactivity to whisker-dependent cues, highlighting a potentially generalizable somatosensory dysfunction in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Balasco
- CIMeC - Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Marco Pagani
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 38068 Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Luca Pangrazzi
- CIMeC - Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Gabriele Chelini
- CIMeC - Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | | | - Evgenia Shlosman
- CIMeC - Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mattioni
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Alberto Galbusera
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 38068 Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Giuliano Iurilli
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 38068 Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Giovanni Provenzano
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gozzi
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 38068 Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Yuri Bozzi
- CIMeC - Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, TN, Italy.,CNR Neuroscience Institute, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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14
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Torrado-Arévalo R, Troncoso J, Múnera A. Facial Nerve Axotomy Induces Changes on Hippocampal CA3-to-CA1 Long-term Synaptic Plasticity. Neuroscience 2021; 475:197-205. [PMID: 34464664 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral facial axotomy induces functional and structural central nervous system changes beyond facial motoneurons, causing, among others, changes in sensorimotor cortex and impairment in hippocampal-dependent memory tasks. Here, we explored facial nerve axotomy effects on basal transmission and long-term plasticity of commissural CA3-to-CA1 synapses. Adult, male rats were submitted to unilateral axotomy of the buccal and mandibular branches of facial nerve and allowed 1, 3, 7, or 21 days of recovery before performing electrophysiological recordings of contralateral CA3 (cCA3) stimulation-evoked CA1 field postsynaptic potential in basal conditions and after high frequency stimulation (HFS) (six, one-second length, 100 Hz stimuli trains). Facial nerve axotomy induced transient release probability enhancement during the first week after surgery, without significant changes in basal synaptic strength. In addition, peripheral axotomy caused persistent long-term potentiation (LTP) induction impairment, affecting mainly its presynaptic component. Such synaptic changes may underlie previously reported impairments in hippocampal-dependent memory tasks and suggest a direct hippocampal implication in sensorimotor integration in whisking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julieta Troncoso
- Behavioral Neurophysiology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Biology Department, School of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Múnera
- Behavioral Neurophysiology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
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15
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Sherf N, Shamir M. STDP and the distribution of preferred phases in the whisker system. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009353. [PMID: 34534208 PMCID: PMC8480728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rats and mice use their whiskers to probe the environment. By rhythmically swiping their whiskers back and forth they can detect the existence of an object, locate it, and identify its texture. Localization can be accomplished by inferring the whisker’s position. Rhythmic neurons that track the phase of the whisking cycle encode information about the azimuthal location of the whisker. These neurons are characterized by preferred phases of firing that are narrowly distributed. Consequently, pooling the rhythmic signal from several upstream neurons is expected to result in a much narrower distribution of preferred phases in the downstream population, which however has not been observed empirically. Here, we show how spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP) can provide a solution to this conundrum. We investigated the effect of STDP on the utility of a neural population to transmit rhythmic information downstream using the framework of a modeling study. We found that under a wide range of parameters, STDP facilitated the transfer of rhythmic information despite the fact that all the synaptic weights remained dynamic. As a result, the preferred phase of the downstream neuron was not fixed, but rather drifted in time at a drift velocity that depended on the preferred phase, thus inducing a distribution of preferred phases. We further analyzed how the STDP rule governs the distribution of preferred phases in the downstream population. This link between the STDP rule and the distribution of preferred phases constitutes a natural test for our theory. The distribution of preferred phases of whisking neurons in the somatosensory system of rats and mice presents a conundrum: a simple pooling model predicts a distribution that is an order of magnitude narrower than what is observed empirically. Here, we suggest that this non-trivial distribution may result from activity-dependent plasticity in the form of spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP). We show that under STDP, the synaptic weights do not converge to a fixed value, but rather remain dynamic. As a result, the preferred phases of the whisking neurons vary in time, hence inducing a non-trivial distribution of preferred phases, which is governed by the STDP rule. Our results imply that the considerable synaptic volatility which has long been viewed as a difficulty that needs to be overcome, may actually be an underlying principle of the organization of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrod Sherf
- Physics Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Maoz Shamir
- Physics Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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16
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Lee CCY, Kheradpezhouh E, Diamond ME, Arabzadeh E. State-Dependent Changes in Perception and Coding in the Mouse Somatosensory Cortex. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108197. [PMID: 32997984 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An animal's behavioral state is reflected in the dynamics of cortical population activity and its capacity to process sensory information. To better understand the relationship between behavioral states and information processing, mice are trained to detect varying amplitudes of whisker-deflection under two-photon calcium imaging. Layer 2/3 neurons in the vibrissal primary somatosensory cortex are imaged across different behavioral states, defined based on detection performance (low to high-state) and pupil diameter. The neurometric curve in each behavioral state mirrors the corresponding psychometric performance, with calcium signals predictive of the animal's choice. High behavioral states are associated with lower network synchrony, extending over shorter cortical distances. The decrease in correlation across neurons in high state results in enhanced information transmission capacity at the population level. The observed state-dependent changes suggest that the coding regime within the first stage of cortical processing may underlie adaptive routing of relevant information through the sensorimotor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad C Y Lee
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, The Australian National University Node, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Ehsan Kheradpezhouh
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, The Australian National University Node, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mathew E Diamond
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, The Australian National University Node, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Cognitive Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Ehsan Arabzadeh
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, The Australian National University Node, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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17
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Grossberg S. A Neural Model of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Hippocampal Theta Rhythms: Anatomy, Neurophysiology, and Function. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:665052. [PMID: 33994965 PMCID: PMC8113652 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.665052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes a neural model of the anatomy, neurophysiology, and functions of intrinsic and extrinsic theta rhythms in the brains of multiple species. Topics include how theta rhythms were discovered; how theta rhythms organize brain information processing into temporal series of spatial patterns; how distinct theta rhythms occur within area CA1 of the hippocampus and between the septum and area CA3 of the hippocampus; what functions theta rhythms carry out in different brain regions, notably CA1-supported functions like learning, recognition, and memory that involve visual, cognitive, and emotional processes; how spatial navigation, adaptively timed learning, and category learning interact with hippocampal theta rhythms; how parallel cortical streams through the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) and the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) represent the end-points of the What cortical stream for perception and cognition and the Where cortical stream for spatial representation and action; how the neuromodulator acetylcholine interacts with the septo-hippocampal theta rhythm and modulates category learning; what functions are carried out by other brain rhythms, such as gamma and beta oscillations; and how gamma and beta oscillations interact with theta rhythms. Multiple experimental facts about theta rhythms are unified and functionally explained by this theoretical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Grossberg
- Center for Adaptive Systems, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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18
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Zuo Y, Huang Y, Wu D, Wang Q, Wang Z. Spike Phase Shift Relative to Beta Oscillations Mediates Modality Selection. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:5431-5448. [PMID: 32494807 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
How does the brain selectively process signals from stimuli of different modalities? Coherent oscillations may function in coordinating communication between neuronal populations simultaneously involved in such cognitive behavior. Beta power (12-30 Hz) is implicated in top-down cognitive processes. Here we test the hypothesis that the brain increases encoding and behavioral influence of a target modality by shifting the relationship of neuronal spike phases relative to beta oscillations between primary sensory cortices and higher cortices. We simultaneously recorded neuronal spike and local field potentials in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and the primary auditory cortex (A1) when male rats made choices to either auditory or visual stimuli. Neuronal spikes exhibited modality-related phase locking to beta oscillations during stimulus sampling, and the phase shift between neuronal subpopulations demonstrated faster top-down signaling from PPC to A1 neurons when animals attended to auditory rather than visual stimuli. Importantly, complementary to spike timing, spike phase predicted rats' attended-to target in single trials, which was related to the animals' performance. Our findings support a candidate mechanism that cortices encode targets from different modalities by shifting neuronal spike phase. This work may extend our understanding of the importance of spike phase as a coding and readout mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Zuo
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yanwang Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Dingcheng Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qingxiu Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zuoren Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
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19
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Staiger JF, Petersen CCH. Neuronal Circuits in Barrel Cortex for Whisker Sensory Perception. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:353-415. [PMID: 32816652 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The array of whiskers on the snout provides rodents with tactile sensory information relating to the size, shape and texture of objects in their immediate environment. Rodents can use their whiskers to detect stimuli, distinguish textures, locate objects and navigate. Important aspects of whisker sensation are thought to result from neuronal computations in the whisker somatosensory cortex (wS1). Each whisker is individually represented in the somatotopic map of wS1 by an anatomical unit named a 'barrel' (hence also called barrel cortex). This allows precise investigation of sensory processing in the context of a well-defined map. Here, we first review the signaling pathways from the whiskers to wS1, and then discuss current understanding of the various types of excitatory and inhibitory neurons present within wS1. Different classes of cells can be defined according to anatomical, electrophysiological and molecular features. The synaptic connectivity of neurons within local wS1 microcircuits, as well as their long-range interactions and the impact of neuromodulators, are beginning to be understood. Recent technological progress has allowed cell-type-specific connectivity to be related to cell-type-specific activity during whisker-related behaviors. An important goal for future research is to obtain a causal and mechanistic understanding of how selected aspects of tactile sensory information are processed by specific types of neurons in the synaptically connected neuronal networks of wS1 and signaled to downstream brain areas, thus contributing to sensory-guided decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen F Staiger
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuroanatomy, Göttingen, Germany; and Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Faculty of Life Sciences, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carl C H Petersen
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuroanatomy, Göttingen, Germany; and Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Faculty of Life Sciences, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Esmaeili V, Diamond ME. Neuronal Correlates of Tactile Working Memory in Prefrontal and Vibrissal Somatosensory Cortex. Cell Rep 2020; 27:3167-3181.e5. [PMID: 31189103 PMCID: PMC6581739 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tactile working memory engages a broad network of cortical regions in primates. To assess whether the conclusions drawn from primates apply to rodents, we examined the vibrissal primary somatosensory cortex (vS1) and the prelimbic cortex (PL) in a delayed comparison task. Rats compared the speeds of two vibrissal vibrations, stimulus1 and stimulus2, separated by a delay of 2 s. Neuronal firing rates in vS1 and PL encode both stimuli in real time. Across the delay, the stimulus1 representation declines more precipitously in vS1 than in PL. Theta-band local field potential (LFP) coherence between vS1 and PL peaks at trial onset and remains elevated during the interstimulus interval; simultaneously, vS1 spikes become phase locked to PL LFP. Phase locking is stronger on correct (versus error) trials. Tactile working memory in rats appears to be mediated by a posterior (vS1) to anterior (PL) flow of information, with performance facilitated through coherent LFP oscillation. Rats compared the speeds of two sequential vibrissal vibrations, separated by 2 s Neurons in the primary somatosensory (vS1) and prelimbic (PL) cortex coded the stimuli Theta local field potential coherence between vS1 and PL peaked at trial onset Intracortical coherent oscillations may play a role in rat tactile working memory
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Esmaeili
- Tactile Perception and Learning Laboratory, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mathew E Diamond
- Tactile Perception and Learning Laboratory, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
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21
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Discharge and Role of GABA Pontomesencephalic Neurons in Cortical Activity and Sleep-Wake States Examined by Optogenetics and Juxtacellular Recordings in Mice. J Neurosci 2020; 40:5970-5989. [PMID: 32576622 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2875-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholinergic neurons in the pontomesencephalic tegmentum have been shown to discharge in association with and promote cortical activation during active or attentive waking and paradoxical or rapid eye movement sleep. However, GABA neurons lie intermingled with the cholinergic neurons and may contribute to or oppose this activity and role. Here we investigated in vitro and in vivo the properties, activities, and role of GABA neurons within the laterodorsal tegmental and sublaterodorsal tegmental nuclei (LDT/SubLDT) using male and female transgenic mice expressing channelrhodopsin-(ChR2)-EYFP in vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT)-expressing neurons. Presumed GABA (pGABA) neurons were identified by response to photostimulation and verified by immunohistochemical staining following juxtacellular labeling in vivo pGABA neurons were found to be fast-firing neurons with the capacity to burst when depolarized from a hyperpolarized membrane potential. When stimulated in vivo in urethane-anesthetized or unanesthetized mice, the pGABA neurons fired repetitively at relatively fast rates (∼40 Hz) during a continuous light pulse or phasically in bursts (>100 Hz) when driven by rhythmic light pulses at theta (4 or 8 Hz) frequencies. pNon-GABA, which likely included cholinergic, neurons were inhibited during each light pulse to discharge rhythmically in antiphase to the pGABA neurons. The reciprocal rhythmic bursting by the pGABA and pNon-GABA neurons drove rhythmic theta activity in the EEG. Such phasic bursting by GABA neurons also occurred in WT mice in association with theta activity during attentive waking and paradoxical sleep.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neurons in the pontomesencephalic tegmentum, particularly cholinergic neurons, play an important role in cortical activation, which occurs during active or attentive waking and paradoxical or rapid eye movement sleep. Yet the cholinergic neurons lie intermingled with GABA neurons, which could play a similar or opposing role. Optogenetic stimulation and recording of these GABA neurons in mice revealed that they can discharge in rhythmic bursts at theta frequencies and drive theta activity in limbic cortex. Such phasic burst firing also occurs during natural attentive waking and paradoxical sleep in association with theta activity and could serve to enhance sensory-motor processing and memory consolidation during these states.
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22
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Abstract
Contemporary brain research seeks to understand how cognition is reducible to neural activity. Crucially, much of this effort is guided by a scientific paradigm that views neural activity as essentially driven by external stimuli. In contrast, recent perspectives argue that this paradigm is by itself inadequate and that understanding patterns of activity intrinsic to the brain is needed to explain cognition. Yet, despite this critique, the stimulus-driven paradigm still dominates-possibly because a convincing alternative has not been clear. Here, we review a series of findings suggesting such an alternative. These findings indicate that neural activity in the hippocampus occurs in one of three brain states that have radically different anatomical, physiological, representational, and behavioral correlates, together implying different functional roles in cognition. This three-state framework also indicates that neural representations in the hippocampus follow a surprising pattern of organization at the timescale of ∼1 s or longer. Lastly, beyond the hippocampus, recent breakthroughs indicate three parallel states in the cortex, suggesting shared principles and brain-wide organization of intrinsic neural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Kay
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Loren M Frank
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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23
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Blanchard AR, Comfort WE. Keeping in Touch with Mental Health: The Orienting Reflex and Behavioral Outcomes from Calatonia. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E182. [PMID: 32235727 PMCID: PMC7139622 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10030182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical and psychological therapy based on touch has been gradually integrated into broader mental health settings in the past two decades, evolving from a variety of psychodynamic, neurobiological and trauma-based approaches, as well as Eastern and spiritual philosophies and other integrative and converging systems. Nevertheless, with the exception of a limited number of well-known massage therapy techniques, only a few structured protocols of touch therapy have been standardized and researched to date. This article describes a well-defined protocol of touch therapy in the context of psychotherapy-the Calatonia technique-which engages the orienting reflex. The orienting reflex hypothesis is explored here as one of the elements of this technique that helps to decrease states of hypervigilance and chronic startle reactivity (startle and defensive reflexes) and restore positive motivational and appetitive states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Edgar Comfort
- Social and Cognitive Science Laboratory, Centre for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo 01241, Brazil;
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24
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Joshi A, Somogyi P. Changing phase relationship of the stepping rhythm to neuronal oscillatory theta activity in the septo-hippocampal network of mice. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:871-879. [PMID: 32060639 PMCID: PMC7046600 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Movement-related sensory and motor activity in the brain contributes to cognitive processes. We have observed that the frequency of stepping rhythm in head-fixed mice running on a jetball overlaps with the range of frequencies that characterize hippocampal rhythmic slow activity, including theta (~ 3 to 10 Hz). On average, step-cycle troughs (i.e. when the paw touches the ground) were weakly coupled to hippocampal theta oscillations. This weak coupling was sustained during a range of running speeds. In short temporal windows, step-cycle troughs were synchronous with hippocampal theta oscillatory cycle troughs, while during other periods they led or lagged behind theta cycles. Furthermore, simultaneously recorded theta rhythmic medial septal neurons in the basal forebrain were phase-coupled to both step-cycles and theta-cycles. We propose that the weak overall phase relationship of step-cycles with theta-cycles signifies a distinct mode of information processing. Transient synchronization of the step-cycle with theta may indicate the engagement of septo-hippocampal-entorhinal network with the current heading of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilasha Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
- Department of Physiology, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Peter Somogyi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
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25
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Fassihi A, Zuo Y, Diamond ME. Making sense of sensory evidence in the rat whisker system. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2019; 60:76-83. [PMID: 31816523 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In natural environments, choices frequently must be made on the basis of complex and ambiguous streams of sensory input. There are advantages inherent to rapid decision making. Choices are better grounded, however, if information is acquired and accumulated over time. In primate visual motion perception, sensory evidence is accumulated up to a limit, at which point the brain commits to a choice. Recalling the models evoked for primate visual perception, recent studies in the rat vibrissal sensorimotor system, using a number of behavioral paradigms, show that perceptual decision making is characterized by the integration of sensory evidence over time. In this integrative process, vibrissal primary somatosensory cortex (vS1 and vS2) act not as the integrator, but as the distributor of sensory information to downstream regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yangfang Zuo
- Institute of Nerosciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Mathew E Diamond
- Tactile Perception and Learning Laboratory, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
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26
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Sabzalizadeh M, Afarinesh MR, Mafi F, Mosanejad E, Haghpanah T, Golshan F, Koohkan F, Ezzatabadipour M, Sheibani V. Alcohol and nicotine co-Administration during pregnancy and lactation periods alters sensory discrimination of adult NMRI mice offspring. Physiol Behav 2019; 213:112731. [PMID: 31682889 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the impacts of alcohol, nicotine, and their co-administration during pregnancy and lactation on sensory information processing including visual, tactile, and auditory discrimination in adult NMRI mice offspring. Pregnant mice were injected with saline or 20% alcohol (3 g/kg), or nicotine (1 mg/kg) or their co-administration alcohol+nicotine, intraperitoneally until the end of lactation. The offspring were separated from their mothers after lactation period on postnatal day (PND) 28. The locomotor activity, novel object recognition-dependent on visual system (NOR-VS), novel texture discrimination- dependent on somatosensory system (NTR-SS), and acoustic startle reflex were evaluated in PND90. The results revealed no statistical significance for locomotor activity of alcohol, nicotine, and co-administration alcohol+nicotine groups compared to the saline group in the open field task. The results, however, showed a significant decline in the ability of novel object discrimination in the nicotine and co-administration alcohol + nicotine groups compared to the saline group (P < 0.05) in the NOR-VS task. In the NTR-SS and acoustic startle reflex tasks, texture discrimination and the prepulse inhibition abilities in the offspring administered with nicotine and alcohol alone were reduced when compared to the saline group. Also, co-administration of alcohol+nicotine groups showed a decline in the aforementioned tests compared to the saline group (P <0.05). Administration of alcohol and nicotine during fetal and postpartum development disrupts sensory processing of inputs of visual, tactile, and auditory systems in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Sabzalizadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afarinesh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Mafi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elahe Mosanejad
- Department of anatomy, School of medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahereh Haghpanah
- Department of anatomy, School of medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Golshan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Faezeh Koohkan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Massood Ezzatabadipour
- Department of anatomy, School of medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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27
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Adibi M. Whisker-Mediated Touch System in Rodents: From Neuron to Behavior. Front Syst Neurosci 2019; 13:40. [PMID: 31496942 PMCID: PMC6712080 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A key question in systems neuroscience is to identify how sensory stimuli are represented in neuronal activity, and how the activity of sensory neurons in turn is “read out” by downstream neurons and give rise to behavior. The choice of a proper model system to address these questions, is therefore a crucial step. Over the past decade, the increasingly powerful array of experimental approaches that has become available in non-primate models (e.g., optogenetics and two-photon imaging) has spurred a renewed interest for the use of rodent models in systems neuroscience research. Here, I introduce the rodent whisker-mediated touch system as a structurally well-established and well-organized model system which, despite its simplicity, gives rise to complex behaviors. This system serves as a behaviorally efficient model system; known as nocturnal animals, along with their olfaction, rodents rely on their whisker-mediated touch system to collect information about their surrounding environment. Moreover, this system represents a well-studied circuitry with a somatotopic organization. At every stage of processing, one can identify anatomical and functional topographic maps of whiskers; “barrelettes” in the brainstem nuclei, “barreloids” in the sensory thalamus, and “barrels” in the cortex. This article provides a brief review on the basic anatomy and function of the whisker system in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Adibi
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Tactile Perception and Learning Lab, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.,Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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28
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Drew PJ, Winder AT, Zhang Q. Twitches, Blinks, and Fidgets: Important Generators of Ongoing Neural Activity. Neuroscientist 2019; 25:298-313. [PMID: 30311838 PMCID: PMC6800083 DOI: 10.1177/1073858418805427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Animals and humans continuously engage in small, spontaneous motor actions, such as blinking, whisking, and postural adjustments ("fidgeting"). These movements are accompanied by changes in neural activity in sensory and motor regions of the brain. The frequency of these motions varies in time, is affected by sensory stimuli, arousal levels, and pathology. These fidgeting behaviors can be entrained by sensory stimuli. Fidgeting behaviors will cause distributed, bilateral functional activation in the 0.01 to 0.1 Hz frequency range that will show up in functional magnetic resonance imaging and wide-field calcium neuroimaging studies, and will contribute to the observed functional connectivity among brain regions. However, despite the large potential of these behaviors to drive brain-wide activity, these fidget-like behaviors are rarely monitored. We argue that studies of spontaneous and evoked brain dynamics in awake animals and humans should closely monitor these fidgeting behaviors. Differences in these fidgeting behaviors due to arousal or pathology will "contaminate" ongoing neural activity, and lead to apparent differences in functional connectivity. Monitoring and accounting for the brain-wide activations by these behaviors is essential during experiments to differentiate fidget-driven activity from internally driven neural dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Drew
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Aaron T Winder
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Qingguang Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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29
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Kunicki C, C Moioli R, Pais-Vieira M, Salles Cunha Peres A, Morya E, A L Nicolelis M. Frequency-specific coupling in fronto-parieto-occipital cortical circuits underlie active tactile discrimination. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5105. [PMID: 30911025 PMCID: PMC6434051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Processing of tactile sensory information in rodents is critically dependent on the communication between the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and higher-order integrative cortical areas. Here, we have simultaneously characterized single-unit activity and local field potential (LFP) dynamics in the S1, primary visual cortex (V1), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior parietal cortex (PPC), while freely moving rats performed an active tactile discrimination task. Simultaneous single unit recordings from all these cortical regions revealed statistically significant neuronal firing rate modulations during all task phases (anticipatory, discrimination, response, and reward). Meanwhile, phase analysis of pairwise LFP recordings revealed the occurrence of long-range synchronization across the sampled fronto-parieto-occipital cortical areas during tactile sampling. Causal analysis of the same pairwise recorded LFPs demonstrated the occurrence of complex dynamic interactions between cortical areas throughout the fronto-parietal-occipital loop. These interactions changed significantly between cortical regions as a function of frequencies (i.e. beta, theta and gamma) and according to the different phases of the behavioral task. Overall, these findings indicate that active tactile discrimination by rats is characterized by much more widespread and dynamic complex interactions within the fronto-parieto-occipital cortex than previously anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Kunicki
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaíba, 59280-000, Brazil.
| | - Renan C Moioli
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaíba, 59280-000, Brazil
- Digital Metropolis Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Miguel Pais-Vieira
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Saúde, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, 4169-005, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - André Salles Cunha Peres
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaíba, 59280-000, Brazil
| | - Edgard Morya
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaíba, 59280-000, Brazil
| | - Miguel A L Nicolelis
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaíba, 59280-000, Brazil
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Duke Center for Neuroengineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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30
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Poulet JFA, Crochet S. The Cortical States of Wakefulness. Front Syst Neurosci 2019; 12:64. [PMID: 30670952 PMCID: PMC6331430 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2018.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical neurons process information on a background of spontaneous, ongoing activity with distinct spatiotemporal profiles defining different cortical states. During wakefulness, cortical states alter constantly in relation to behavioral context, attentional level or general motor activity. In this review article, we will discuss our current understanding of cortical states in awake rodents, how they are controlled, their impact on sensory processing, and highlight areas for future research. A common observation in awake rodents is the rapid change in spontaneous cortical activity from high-amplitude, low-frequency (LF) fluctuations, when animals are quiet, to faster and smaller fluctuations when animals are active. This transition is typically thought of as a change in global brain state but recent work has shown variation in cortical states across regions, indicating the presence of a fine spatial scale control system. In sensory areas, the cortical state change is mediated by at least two convergent inputs, one from the thalamus and the other from cholinergic inputs in the basal forebrain. Cortical states have a major impact on the balance of activity between specific subtypes of neurons, on the synchronization between nearby neurons, as well as the functional coupling between distant cortical areas. This reorganization of the activity of cortical networks strongly affects sensory processing. Thus cortical states provide a dynamic control system for the moment-by-moment regulation of cortical processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F. A. Poulet
- Neural Circuits and Behaviour, Department of Neuroscience, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Research Center and Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvain Crochet
- Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR5292, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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31
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Noguchi A, Sakaguchi T, Sato M, Aikawa H, Matsumoto N, Ikegaya Y. Whisker electromyograms signify awake and anesthetized states in mice. Neurosci Res 2018; 148:61-65. [PMID: 30593852 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The behavioral state of animals is essential information for functional recordings of neuronal activity; practically, the exact timing when animals recover from anesthesia is important information. Recordings of cortical local field potentials and dorsal neck electromyograms (EMGs), a widely used method to identify behavioral states, requires at least two recording electrodes, one of which also requires a craniotomy procedure. In the present study, recordings of whisker EMGs alone are sufficient to detect the state switch from anesthesia to awakening in head-fixed mice. This method uses a single electrode and thus is technically simple and demands a less physical burden to animals. Moreover, whisker EMGs recorded under anesthesia reflect respiratory rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Noguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sakaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hide Aikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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32
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Abstract
Eliav et al., (2018) recently reported hippocampal-entorhinal spiking in bats occurring preferentially at specific phases of nonrhythmic extracellular voltage fluctuations. This disentanglement of phase coding from continuous oscillations raises new questions about the importance of rhythms for neuronal coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Trimper
- Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0805, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0805, USA.
| | - Laura Lee Colgin
- Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0805, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0805, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0805, USA.
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33
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Waselius T, Wikgren J, Halkola H, Penttonen M, Nokia MS. Learning by heart: cardiac cycle reveals an effective time window for learning. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:830-838. [PMID: 29742028 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00128.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac cycle phase is known to modulate processing of simple sensory information. This effect of the heartbeat on brain function is likely exerted via baroreceptors, the neurons sensitive for changes in blood pressure. From baroreceptors, the signal is conveyed all the way to the forebrain and the medial prefrontal cortex. In the two experiments reported, we examined whether learning, as a more complex form of cognition, can be modulated by the cardiac cycle phase. Human participants ( experiment 1) and rabbits ( experiment 2) were trained in trace eyeblink conditioning while neural activity was recorded. The conditioned stimulus was presented contingently with either the systolic or diastolic phase of the cycle. The tone used as the conditioned stimulus evoked amplified responses in both humans (electroencephalogram from "vertex," Cz) and rabbits (hippocampal CA1 local field potential) when its onset was timed at systole. In humans, the cardiac cycle phase did not affect learning, but rabbits trained at diastole learned significantly better than those trained at a random phase of the cardiac cycle. In summary, our results suggest that neural processing of external stimuli and also learning can be affected by targeting stimuli on the basis of cardiac cycle phase. These findings might be useful in applications aimed at maximizing or minimizing the effects of external stimulation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY It has been shown that rapid changes in bodily states modulate neural processing of external stimulus in brain. In this study, we show that modulation of neural processing of external stimulus and learning about it depends on the phase of the cardiac cycle. This is a novel finding that can be applied to optimize associative learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Waselius
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Jan Wikgren
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Hanna Halkola
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Markku Penttonen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Miriam S Nokia
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland
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34
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Fernandez LMJ, Comte JC, Le Merre P, Lin JS, Salin PA, Crochet S. Highly Dynamic Spatiotemporal Organization of Low-Frequency Activities During Behavioral States in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:5444-5462. [PMID: 27742711 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although low-frequency (LF < 10 Hz) activities have been considered as a hallmark of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, several studies have recently reported LF activities in the membrane potential of cortical neurons from different areas in awake mice. However, little is known about the spatiotemporal organization of LF activities across cortical areas during wakefulness and to what extent it differs during NREM sleep. We have thus investigated the dynamics of LF activities across cortical areas in awake and sleeping mice using chronic simultaneous local field potential recordings. We found that LF activities had higher amplitude in somatosensory and motor areas during quiet wakefulness and decreased in most areas during active wakefulness, resulting in a global state change that was overall correlated with motor activity. However, we also observed transient desynchronization of cortical states between areas, indicating a more local state regulation. During NREM sleep, LF activities had higher amplitude in all areas but slow-wave activity was only poorly correlated across cortical areas. Despite a maximal amplitude during NREM sleep, the coherence of LF activities between areas that are not directly connected dropped from wakefulness to NREM sleep, potentially reflecting a breakdown of long-range cortical integration associated with loss of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M J Fernandez
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal System Team, Lyon Cedex 08 F-69000, France.,Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 08 F-69000, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Comte
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 08 F-69000, France.,INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Forgetting and Cortical Dynamics Team, Lyon Cedex 08 F-69000, France.,INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Biphoton Microscopy, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Pierre Le Merre
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal System Team, Lyon Cedex 08 F-69000, France.,Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 08 F-69000, France
| | - Jian-Sheng Lin
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal System Team, Lyon Cedex 08 F-69000, France.,Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 08 F-69000, France
| | - Paul-A Salin
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 08 F-69000, France.,INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Forgetting and Cortical Dynamics Team, Lyon Cedex 08 F-69000, France.,INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Biphoton Microscopy, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Sylvain Crochet
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal System Team, Lyon Cedex 08 F-69000, France.,Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 08 F-69000, France.,Laboratory of Sensory Processing, EPFL, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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35
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Abstract
Breathing is a well-described, vital and surprisingly complex behaviour, with behavioural and physiological outputs that are easy to directly measure. Key neural elements for generating breathing pattern are distinct, compact and form a network amenable to detailed interrogation, promising the imminent discovery of molecular, cellular, synaptic and network mechanisms that give rise to the behaviour. Coupled oscillatory microcircuits make up the rhythmic core of the breathing network. Primary among these is the preBötzinger Complex (preBötC), which is composed of excitatory rhythmogenic interneurons and excitatory and inhibitory pattern-forming interneurons that together produce the essential periodic drive for inspiration. The preBötC coordinates all phases of the breathing cycle, coordinates breathing with orofacial behaviours and strongly influences, and is influenced by, emotion and cognition. Here, we review progress towards cracking the inner workings of this vital core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Del Negro
- Department of Applied Science, Integrated Science Center, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Gregory D Funk
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Women's and Children's Health Research Institute (WCHRI), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jack L Feldman
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Center for Health Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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36
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Rojas-Líbano D, Wimmer Del Solar J, Aguilar-Rivera M, Montefusco-Siegmund R, Maldonado PE. Local cortical activity of distant brain areas can phase-lock to the olfactory bulb's respiratory rhythm in the freely behaving rat. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:960-972. [PMID: 29766764 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00088.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An important unresolved question about neural processing is the mechanism by which distant brain areas coordinate their activities and relate their local processing to global neural events. A potential candidate for the local-global integration are slow rhythms such as respiration. In this study, we asked if there are modulations of local cortical processing that are phase-locked to (peripheral) sensory-motor exploratory rhythms. We studied rats on an elevated platform where they would spontaneously display exploratory and rest behaviors. Concurrent with behavior, we monitored whisking through electromyography and the respiratory rhythm from the olfactory bulb (OB) local field potential (LFP). We also recorded LFPs from dorsal hippocampus, primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and primary visual cortex. We defined exploration as simultaneous whisking and sniffing above 5 Hz and found that this activity peaked at ~8 Hz. We considered rest as the absence of whisking and sniffing, and in this case, respiration occurred at ~3 Hz. We found a consistent shift across all areas toward these rhythm peaks accompanying behavioral changes. We also found, across areas, that LFP gamma (70-100 Hz) amplitude could phase-lock to the animal's OB respiratory rhythm, a finding indicative of respiration-locked changes in local processing. In a subset of animals, we also recorded the hippocampal theta activity and found that occurred at frequencies overlapped with respiration but was not spectrally coherent with it, suggesting a different oscillator. Our results are consistent with the notion of respiration as a binder or integrator of activity between brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Líbano
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Social, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales , Santiago , Chile
| | - Jonathan Wimmer Del Solar
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, Hospital El Carmen de Maipú , Santiago , Chile.,Programa de Neurología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | | | - Rodrigo Montefusco-Siegmund
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile , Valdivia , Chile.,Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Pedro E Maldonado
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
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37
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Gonzalez-Perez O, López-Virgen V, Ibarra-Castaneda N. Permanent Whisker Removal Reduces the Density of c-Fos+ Cells and the Expression of Calbindin Protein, Disrupts Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Affects Spatial-Memory-Related Tasks. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:132. [PMID: 29867365 PMCID: PMC5962760 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Facial vibrissae, commonly known as whiskers, are the main sensitive tactile system in rodents. Whisker stimulation triggers neuronal activity that promotes neural plasticity in the barrel cortex (BC) and helps create spatial maps in the adult hippocampus. Moreover, activity-dependent inputs and calcium homeostasis modulate adult neurogenesis. Therefore, the neuronal activity of the BC possibly regulates hippocampal functions and neurogenesis. To assess whether tactile information from facial whiskers may modulate hippocampal functions and neurogenesis, we permanently eliminated whiskers in CD1 male mice and analyzed the effects in cellular composition, molecular expression and memory processing in the adult hippocampus. Our data indicated that the permanent deprivation of whiskers reduced in 4-fold the density of c-Fos+ cells (a calcium-dependent immediate early gene) in cornu ammonis subfields (CA1, CA2 and CA3) and 4.5-fold the dentate gyrus (DG). A significant reduction in the expression of calcium-binding proteincalbindin-D28k was also observed in granule cells of the DG. Notably, these changes coincided with an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in the proliferation of neural precursor cells in the DG, which ultimately reduced the number of Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)+NeuN+ mature neurons generated after whisker elimination. These abnormalities in the hippocampus were associated with a significant impairment of spatial memory and navigation skills. This is the first evidence indicating that tactile inputs from vibrissal follicles strongly modify the expression of c-Fos and calbindin in the DG, disrupt different aspects of hippocampal neurogenesis, and support the notion that spatial memory and navigation skills strongly require tactile information in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Gonzalez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico.,El Colegio de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Verónica López-Virgen
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico.,Medical Sciences PhD Program, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
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Abstract
The animal kingdom contains species with a wide variety of sensory systems that have been selected to function in different environmental niches, but that are also subject to modification by experience during an organism’s lifetime. The modification of such systems by experience is often called perceptual learning. In rodents, the classic example of perceptual learning is the observation that simple preexposure to two visual stimuli facilitates a subsequent (reinforced) discrimination between them. However, until recently very little behavioral research had investigated perceptual learning with tactile stimuli in rodents, in marked contrast to the wealth of information about plasticity in the rodent somatosensory system. Here we present a selective review of behavioral analyses of perceptual learning with tactile stimuli, alongside evidence concerning the potential bases of such effects within the somatosensory system.
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39
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Parallel detection of theta and respiration-coupled oscillations throughout the mouse brain. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6432. [PMID: 29691421 PMCID: PMC5915406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow brain oscillations are usually coherent over long distances and thought to link distributed cell assemblies. In mice, theta (5–10 Hz) stands as one of the most studied slow rhythms. However, mice often breathe at theta frequency, and we recently reported that nasal respiration leads to local field potential (LFP) oscillations that are independent of theta. Namely, we showed respiration-coupled oscillations in the hippocampus, prelimbic cortex, and parietal cortex, suggesting that respiration could impose a global brain rhythm. Here we extend these findings by analyzing LFPs from 15 brain regions recorded simultaneously with respiration during exploration and REM sleep. We find that respiration-coupled oscillations can be detected in parallel with theta in several neocortical regions, from prefrontal to visual areas, and also in subcortical structures such as the thalamus, amygdala and ventral hippocampus. They might have escaped attention in previous studies due to the absence of respiration monitoring, the similarity with theta oscillations, and the highly variable peak frequency. We hypothesize that respiration-coupled oscillations constitute a global brain rhythm suited to entrain distributed networks into a common regime. However, whether their widespread presence reflects local network activity or is due to volume conduction remains to be determined.
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40
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Boisselier L, Gervasoni D, Garcia S, Ferry B, Gervais R. Neuronal dynamics supporting formation and recombination of cross-modal olfactory-tactile association in the rat hippocampal formation. J Neurophysiol 2018; 119:1140-1152. [PMID: 29212919 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00666.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study is aimed at describing some aspects of the neural dynamics supporting discrimination of olfactory-tactile paired-associated stimuli during acquisition of new pairs and during recombination of previously learned pairs in the rat. To solve the task, animals have to identify one odor-texture (OT) combination associated with a food reward among three cups with overlapping elements. Previous experiments demonstrated that the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) is involved in the processes underlying OT acquisition, whereas the dorsal hippocampus (DH) is selectively involved in the recombination processes. In the present study, local field potentials were recorded form the anterior piriform cortex (aPC), LEC, and DH in freely moving rats performing these tasks. Signal analysis focused on theta (5-12 Hz)- and beta-band (15-40 Hz) oscillatory activities in terms of both amplitude and synchrony. The results show that cue sampling was associated with a significant increase in the beta-band activity during the choice period in both the aPC and the LEC, and is modulated by level of expertise and the animal's decision. In addition, this increase was significantly higher during the recombination compared with the acquisition of the OT task, specifically when animals had to neglect the odor previously associated with the reward. Finally, a significant decrease in coherence in the theta band between LEC and DH was observed in the recombination but not in the acquisition task. These data point to specific neural signatures of simple and complex cross-modal sensory processing in the LEC-DH complex. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to describe electrophysiological correlates of cross-modal olfactory-tactile integration in rats. Recordings were sought from the lateral entorhinal cortex and the dorsal hippocampus because previous studies have shown their role in the formation and in the recombination of previously learned associations. We identified specific oscillatory-evoked neural responses in these structures in the theta and beta bands, which characterize acquisition and recombination of cross-modal olfactory-tactile pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Boisselier
- Team CMO: Olfaction from Coding to Memory, Centre de Recherche en Neuroscience de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon , Lyon , France
| | - Damien Gervasoni
- Team CMO: Olfaction from Coding to Memory, Centre de Recherche en Neuroscience de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon , Lyon , France
| | - Samuel Garcia
- Team CMO: Olfaction from Coding to Memory, Centre de Recherche en Neuroscience de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon , Lyon , France
| | - Barbara Ferry
- Team CMO: Olfaction from Coding to Memory, Centre de Recherche en Neuroscience de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon , Lyon , France
| | - Rémi Gervais
- Team CMO: Olfaction from Coding to Memory, Centre de Recherche en Neuroscience de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon , Lyon , France
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Structural changes in brain morphology induced by brief periods of repetitive sensory stimulation. Neuroimage 2018; 165:148-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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McElvain LE, Friedman B, Karten HJ, Svoboda K, Wang F, Deschênes M, Kleinfeld D. Circuits in the rodent brainstem that control whisking in concert with other orofacial motor actions. Neuroscience 2018; 368:152-170. [PMID: 28843993 PMCID: PMC5849401 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The world view of rodents is largely determined by sensation on two length scales. One is within the animal's peri-personal space; sensorimotor control on this scale involves active movements of the nose, tongue, head, and vibrissa, along with sniffing to determine olfactory clues. The second scale involves the detection of more distant space through vision and audition; these detection processes also impact repositioning of the head, eyes, and ears. Here we focus on orofacial motor actions, primarily vibrissa-based touch but including nose twitching, head bobbing, and licking, that control sensation at short, peri-personal distances. The orofacial nuclei for control of the motor plants, as well as primary and secondary sensory nuclei associated with these motor actions, lie within the hindbrain. The current data support three themes: First, the position of the sensors is determined by the summation of two drive signals, i.e., a fast rhythmic component and an evolving orienting component. Second, the rhythmic component is coordinated across all orofacial motor actions and is phase-locked to sniffing as the animal explores. Reverse engineering reveals that the preBötzinger inspiratory complex provides the reset to the relevant premotor oscillators. Third, direct feedback from somatosensory trigeminal nuclei can rapidly alter motion of the sensors. This feedback is disynaptic and can be tuned by high-level inputs. A holistic model for the coordination of orofacial motor actions into behaviors will encompass feedback pathways through the midbrain and forebrain, as well as hindbrain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E McElvain
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Beth Friedman
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Harvey J Karten
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karel Svoboda
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Martin Deschênes
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Québec City, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Section of Neurobiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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43
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Information Processing Across Behavioral States: Modes of Operation and Population Dynamics in Rodent Sensory Cortex. Neuroscience 2018; 368:214-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kole K, Scheenen W, Tiesinga P, Celikel T. Cellular diversity of the somatosensory cortical map plasticity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 84:100-115. [PMID: 29183683 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sensory maps are representations of the sensory epithelia in the brain. Despite the intuitive explanatory power behind sensory maps as being neuronal precursors to sensory perception, and sensory cortical plasticity as a neural correlate of perceptual learning, molecular mechanisms that regulate map plasticity are not well understood. Here we perform a meta-analysis of transcriptional and translational changes during altered whisker use to nominate the major molecular correlates of experience-dependent map plasticity in the barrel cortex. We argue that brain plasticity is a systems level response, involving all cell classes, from neuron and glia to non-neuronal cells including endothelia. Using molecular pathway analysis, we further propose a gene regulatory network that could couple activity dependent changes in neurons to adaptive changes in neurovasculature, and finally we show that transcriptional regulations observed in major brain disorders target genes that are modulated by altered sensory experience. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms of experience-dependent plasticity of sensory maps might help to unravel the cellular events that shape brain plasticity in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Kole
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroinformatics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wim Scheenen
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Tiesinga
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tansu Celikel
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Regionally Specific Regulation of Sensorimotor Network Connectivity Following Tactile Improvement. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:5270532. [PMID: 29230329 PMCID: PMC5688375 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5270532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Correlations between inherent, task-free low-frequency fluctuations in the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals of the brain provide a potent tool to delineate its functional architecture in terms of intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC). Still, it remains unclear how iFC is modulated during learning. We employed whole-brain resting-state magnetic resonance imaging prior to and after training-independent repetitive sensory stimulation (rSS), which is known to induce somatosensory cortical reorganization. We investigated which areas in the sensorimotor network are susceptible to neural plasticity (i.e., where changes in functional connectivity occurred) and where iFC might be indicative of enhanced tactile performance. We hypothesized iFC to increase in those brain regions primarily receiving the afferent tactile input. Strengthened intrinsic connectivity within the sensorimotor network after rSS was found not only in the postcentral gyrus contralateral to the stimulated hand, but also in associative brain regions, where iFC correlated positively with tactile performance or learning. We also observed that rSS led to attenuation of the network at higher cortical levels, which possibly promotes facilitation of tactile discrimination. We found that resting-state BOLD fluctuations are linked to behavioral performance and sensory learning, indicating that network fluctuations at rest are predictive of behavioral changes and neuroplasticity.
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Rickard RE, Young AMJ, Gerdjikov TV. Cortical Local Field Potential Power Is Associated with Behavioral Detection of Near-threshold Stimuli in the Rat Whisker System: Dissociation between Orbitofrontal and Somatosensory Cortices. J Cogn Neurosci 2017; 30:42-49. [PMID: 28891783 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that ongoing brain oscillations may represent a key regulator of attentional processes and as such may contribute to behavioral performance in psychophysical tasks. OFC appears to be involved in the top-down modulation of sensory processing; however, the specific contribution of ongoing OFC oscillations to perception has not been characterized. Here we used the rat whiskers as a model system to further characterize the relationship between cortical state and tactile detection. Head-fixed rats were trained to report the presence of a vibrotactile stimulus (frequency = 60 Hz, duration = 2 sec, deflection amplitude = 0.01-0.5 mm) applied to a single vibrissa. We calculated power spectra of local field potentials preceding the onset of near-threshold stimuli from microelectrodes chronically implanted in OFC and somatosensory cortex. We found a dissociation between slow oscillation power in the two regions in relation to detection probability: Higher OFC but not somatosensory delta power was associated with increased detection probability. Furthermore, coherence between OFC and barrel cortex was reduced preceding successful detection. Consistent with the role of OFC in attention, our results identify a cortical network whose activity is differentially modulated before successful tactile detection.
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Pezzulo G, Kemere C, van der Meer MAA. Internally generated hippocampal sequences as a vantage point to probe future-oriented cognition. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1396:144-165. [PMID: 28548460 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Information processing in the rodent hippocampus is fundamentally shaped by internally generated sequences (IGSs), expressed during two different network states: theta sequences, which repeat and reset at the ∼8 Hz theta rhythm associated with active behavior, and punctate sharp wave-ripple (SWR) sequences associated with wakeful rest or slow-wave sleep. A potpourri of diverse functional roles has been proposed for these IGSs, resulting in a fragmented conceptual landscape. Here, we advance a unitary view of IGSs, proposing that they reflect an inferential process that samples a policy from the animal's generative model, supported by hippocampus-specific priors. The same inference affords different cognitive functions when the animal is in distinct dynamical modes, associated with specific functional networks. Theta sequences arise when inference is coupled to the animal's action-perception cycle, supporting online spatial decisions, predictive processing, and episode encoding. SWR sequences arise when the animal is decoupled from the action-perception cycle and may support offline cognitive processing, such as memory consolidation, the prospective simulation of spatial trajectories, and imagination. We discuss the empirical bases of this proposal in relation to rodent studies and highlight how the proposed computational principles can shed light on the mechanisms of future-oriented cognition in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pezzulo
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Caleb Kemere
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
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Rigosa J, Lucantonio A, Noselli G, Fassihi A, Zorzin E, Manzino F, Pulecchi F, Diamond ME. Dye-enhanced visualization of rat whiskers for behavioral studies. eLife 2017; 6:e25290. [PMID: 28613155 PMCID: PMC5511012 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Visualization and tracking of the facial whiskers is required in an increasing number of rodent studies. Although many approaches have been employed, only high-speed videography has proven adequate for measuring whisker motion and deformation during interaction with an object. However, whisker visualization and tracking is challenging for multiple reasons, primary among them the low contrast of the whisker against its background. Here, we demonstrate a fluorescent dye method suitable for visualization of one or more rat whiskers. The process makes the dyed whisker(s) easily visible against a dark background. The coloring does not influence the behavioral performance of rats trained on a vibrissal vibrotactile discrimination task, nor does it affect the whiskers' mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Rigosa
- International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Arash Fassihi
- International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, Italy
| | - Erik Zorzin
- International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, Italy
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Del Rio-Bermudez C, Kim J, Sokoloff G, Blumberg MS. Theta Oscillations during Active Sleep Synchronize the Developing Rubro-Hippocampal Sensorimotor Network. Curr Biol 2017; 27:1413-1424.e4. [PMID: 28479324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal oscillations comprise a fundamental mechanism by which distant neural structures establish and express functional connectivity. Long-range functional connectivity between the hippocampus and other forebrain structures is enabled by theta oscillations. Here, we show for the first time that the infant rat red nucleus (RN)-a brainstem sensorimotor structure-exhibits theta (4-7 Hz) oscillations restricted primarily to periods of active (REM) sleep. At postnatal day 8 (P8), theta is expressed as brief bursts immediately following myoclonic twitches; by P12, theta oscillations are expressed continuously across bouts of active sleep. Simultaneous recordings from the hippocampus and RN at P12 show that theta oscillations in both structures are coherent, co-modulated, and mutually interactive during active sleep. Critically, at P12, inactivation of the medial septum eliminates theta in both structures. The developmental emergence of theta-dependent functional coupling between the hippocampus and RN parallels that between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Accordingly, disruptions in the early expression of theta could underlie the cognitive and sensorimotor deficits associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Del Rio-Bermudez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; DeLTA Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jangjin Kim
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Greta Sokoloff
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; DeLTA Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mark S Blumberg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; DeLTA Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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50
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Boisselier L, Ferry B, Gervais R. Respective role of the dorsal hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex during the recombination of previously learned olfactory-tactile associations in the rat. Learn Mem 2017; 24:24-34. [PMID: 27980073 PMCID: PMC5159655 DOI: 10.1101/lm.043299.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampal formation has been extensively described as a key component for object recognition in conjunction with place and context. The present study aimed at describing neural mechanisms in the hippocampal formation that support olfactory-tactile (OT) object discrimination in a task where space and context were not taken into account. The task consisted in discriminating one baited cup among three, each of them presenting overlapping olfactory or tactile elements. The experiment tested the involvement of the entorhinal cortex (EC) and the dorsal hippocampus (DH) in the acquisition of this cross-modal task, either with new items or with familiar but recombined items. The main results showed that DH inactivation or cholinergic muscarinic blockade in the DH selectively and drastically disrupted performance in the recombination task. EC inactivation impaired OT acquisition of any OT combinations while cholinergic blockade only delayed it. Control experiments showed that neither DH nor EC inactivation impaired unimodal olfactory or tactile tasks. As a whole, these data suggest that DH-EC interactions are of importance for flexibility of cross-modal representations with overlapping elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Boisselier
- Centre de Recherche en Neuroscience de Lyon, Team CMO, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U 1028, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69366 Lyon, France
| | - Barbara Ferry
- Centre de Recherche en Neuroscience de Lyon, Team CMO, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U 1028, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69366 Lyon, France
| | - Rémi Gervais
- Centre de Recherche en Neuroscience de Lyon, Team CMO, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U 1028, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69366 Lyon, France
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