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Gao R, Wu T, Stock AM. A conserved inhibitory interdomain interaction regulates DNA-binding activities of hybrid two-component systems in Bacteroides. mBio 2024; 15:e0122024. [PMID: 38842315 PMCID: PMC11253607 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01220-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hybrid two-component systems (HTCSs) comprise a major class of transcription regulators of polysaccharide utilization genes in Bacteroides. Distinct from classical two-component systems in which signal transduction is carried out by intermolecular phosphotransfer between a histidine kinase (HK) and a cognate response regulator (RR), HTCSs contain the membrane sensor HK and the RR transcriptional regulator within a single polypeptide chain. Tethering the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the RR with the dimeric HK domain in an HTCS could potentially promote dimerization of the DBDs and would thus require a mechanism to suppress DNA-binding activity in the absence of stimulus. Analysis of phosphorylation and DNA-binding activities of several HTCSs from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron revealed a DBD suppression mechanism in which an inhibitory interaction between the DBD and the phosphoryl group-accepting receiver domain (REC) decreases autophosphorylation rates of HTCS-RECs and represses DNA-binding activities in the absence of phosphorylation. Sequence analyses and structure predictions identified a highly conserved sequence motif correlated with a conserved inhibitory domain arrangement of REC and DBD. The presence of the motif, as in most HTCSs, or its absence, in a small subset of HTCSs, is likely predictive of two distinct regulatory mechanisms evolved for different glycans. Substitutions within the conserved motif relieve the inhibitory interaction and result in elevated DNA-binding activities in the absence of phosphorylation. Our data suggest a fundamental regulatory mechanism shared by most HTCSs to suppress DBD activities using a conserved inhibitory interdomain arrangement to overcome the challenge of the fused HK and RR components. IMPORTANCE Different dietary and host-derived complex carbohydrates shape the gut microbial community and impact human health. In Bacteroides, the prevalent gut bacteria genus, utilization of these diverse carbohydrates relies on different gene clusters that are under sophisticated control by various signaling systems, including the hybrid two-component systems (HTCSs). We have uncovered a highly conserved regulatory mechanism in which the output DNA-binding activity of HTCSs is suppressed by interdomain interactions in the absence of stimulating phosphorylation. A consensus amino acid motif is found to correlate with the inhibitory interaction surface while deviations from the consensus can lead to constitutive activation. Understanding of such conserved HTCS features will be important to make regulatory predictions for individual systems as well as to engineer novel systems with substitutions in the consensus to explore the glycan regulation landscape in Bacteroides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Gao
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ti Wu
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ann M. Stock
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Grosse C, Sigoillot M, Megalizzi V, Tanina A, Willand N, Baulard AR, Wintjens R. Crystal structure of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis VirS regulator reveals its interaction with the lead compound SMARt751. J Struct Biol 2024; 216:108090. [PMID: 38548139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2024.108090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Ethionamide (ETO) is a prodrug that is primarily used as a second-line agent in the treatment of tuberculosis. Among the bacterial ETO activators, the monooxygenase MymA has been recently identified, and its expression is regulated by the mycobacterial regulator VirS. The discovery of VirS ligands that can enhance mymA expression and thereby increase the antimycobacterial efficacy of ETO, has led to the development of a novel therapeutic strategy against tuberculosis. This strategy involves the selection of preclinical candidates, including SMARt751. We report the first crystal structure of the AraC-like regulator VirS, in complex with SMARt751, refined at 1.69 Å resolution. Crystals were obtained via an in situ proteolysis method in the requisite presence of SMARt751. The elucidated structure corresponds to the ligand-binding domain of VirS, adopting an α/β fold with structural similarities to H-NOX domains. Within the VirS structure, SMARt751 is situated in a completely enclosed hydrophobic cavity, where it forms hydrogen bonds with Asn11 and Asn149 as well as van der Waals contacts with various hydrophobic amino acids. Comprehensive structural comparisons within the AraC family of transcriptional regulators are conducted and analyzed to figure out the effects of the SMARt751 binding on the regulatory activity of VirS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Grosse
- Unit of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Research in Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Maud Sigoillot
- Unit of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Research in Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Véronique Megalizzi
- Unit of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Research in Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Abdalkarim Tanina
- Unit of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Research in Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Willand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alain R Baulard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - René Wintjens
- Unit of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Research in Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
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He Y, Jin Z, Cui Y, Song K, Chen B, Zhou L. RsaL is a self-regulatory switch that controls alternative biosynthesis of two AHL-type quorum sensing signals in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA1201. MLIFE 2024; 3:74-86. [PMID: 38827515 PMCID: PMC11139201 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous and metabolically versatile microorganism naturally found in soil and water. It is also an opportunistic pathogen in plants, insects, animals, and humans. In response to increasing cell density, P. aeruginosa uses two acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum-sensing (QS) signals (i.e., N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl homoserine lactone [3-oxo-C12-HSL] and N-butanoyl-homoserine lactone [C4-HSL]), which regulate the expression of hundreds of genes. However, how the biosynthesis of these two QS signals is coordinated remains unknown. We studied the regulation of these two QS signals in the rhizosphere strain PA1201. PA1201 sequentially produced 3-oxo-C12-HSL and C4-HSL at the early and late growth stages, respectively. The highest 3-oxo-C12-HSL-dependent elastase activity was observed at the early stage, while the highest C4-HSL-dependent rhamnolipid production was observed at the late stage. The atypical regulator RsaL played a pivotal role in coordinating 3-oxo-C12-HSL and C4-HSL biosynthesis and QS-associated virulence. RsaL repressed lasI transcription by binding the -10 and -35 boxes of the lasI promoter. In contrast, RsaL activated rhlI transcription by binding the region encoding the 5'-untranslated region of the rhlI mRNA. Further, RsaL repressed its own expression by binding a nucleotide motif located in the -35 box of the rsaL promoter. Thus, RsaL acts as a molecular switch that coordinates the sequential biosynthesis of AHL QS signals and differential virulence in PA1201. Finally, C4-HSL activation by RsaL was independent of the Las and Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) QS signaling systems. Therefore, we propose a new model of the QS regulatory network in PA1201, in which RsaL represents a superior player acting at the top of the hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, SJTU‐NLBP Joint R&D Centre for Biopesticides and Biofertilizers, School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zi‐Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, SJTU‐NLBP Joint R&D Centre for Biopesticides and Biofertilizers, School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, SJTU‐NLBP Joint R&D Centre for Biopesticides and Biofertilizers, School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kai Song
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, SJTU‐NLBP Joint R&D Centre for Biopesticides and Biofertilizers, School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, SJTU‐NLBP Joint R&D Centre for Biopesticides and Biofertilizers, School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lian Zhou
- Zhiyuan Innovative Research Centre, Student Innovation Centre, Zhiyuan CollegeShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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Wang Q, Wei Y, Huang Y, Qin J, Liu B, Liu R, Chen X, Li D, Wang Q, Li X, Yang X, Li Y, Sun H. Z3495, a LysR-Type Transcriptional Regulator Encoded in O Island 97, Regulates Virulence Gene Expression in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Microorganisms 2024; 12:140. [PMID: 38257967 PMCID: PMC10819331 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is an important foodborne pathogen that infects humans by colonizing the large intestine. The genome of EHEC O157:H7 contains 177 unique O islands (OIs). Certain OIs significantly contribute to the heightened virulence and pathogenicity exhibited by EHEC O157:H7. However, the function of most OI genes remains unknown. We demonstrated here that EHEC O157:H7 adherence to and colonization of the mouse large intestine are both dependent on OI-97. Z3495, which is annotated as a LysR-type transcriptional regulator and encoded in OI-97, contributes to this phenotype. Z3495 activated the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) gene expression, promoting bacterial adherence. Deletion of z3495 significantly decreased the transcription of ler and other LEE genes, the ability to adhere to the host cells, and colonization in the mouse large intestine. Furthermore, the ChIP-seq results confirmed that Z3495 can directly bind to the promoter region of rcsF, which is a well-known activator of Ler, and increase LEE gene expression. Finally, phylogenetic analysis revealed that Z3495 is a widespread transcriptional regulator in enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. As a result of this study, we have gained a deeper understanding of how bacteria control their virulence and provide another example of a laterally acquired regulator that regulates LEE gene expression in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yi Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yu Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jingliang Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Bin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Nankai International Advanced Research Institute, Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Ruiying Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xintong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Dan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qiushi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinyuan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuanke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hao Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
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Sánchez-Jiménez A, Llamas MA, Marcos-Torres FJ. Transcriptional Regulators Controlling Virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11895. [PMID: 37569271 PMCID: PMC10418997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogen capable of colonizing virtually every human tissue. The host colonization competence and versatility of this pathogen are powered by a wide array of virulence factors necessary in different steps of the infection process. This includes factors involved in bacterial motility and attachment, biofilm formation, the production and secretion of extracellular invasive enzymes and exotoxins, the production of toxic secondary metabolites, and the acquisition of iron. Expression of these virulence factors during infection is tightly regulated, which allows their production only when they are needed. This process optimizes host colonization and virulence. In this work, we review the intricate network of transcriptional regulators that control the expression of virulence factors in P. aeruginosa, including one- and two-component systems and σ factors. Because inhibition of virulence holds promise as a target for new antimicrobials, blocking the regulators that trigger the production of virulence determinants in P. aeruginosa is a promising strategy to fight this clinically relevant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María A. Llamas
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 18008 Granada, Spain;
| | - Francisco Javier Marcos-Torres
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 18008 Granada, Spain;
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6
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Zakrzewska M, Burmistrz M. Mechanisms regulating the CRISPR-Cas systems. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1060337. [PMID: 36925473 PMCID: PMC10013973 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1060337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats- CRISPR associated proteins) is a prokaryotic system that enables sequence specific recognition and cleavage of nucleic acids. This is possible due to cooperation between CRISPR array which contains short fragments of DNA called spacers that are complimentary to the targeted nucleic acid and Cas proteins, which take part in processes of: acquisition of new spacers, processing them into their functional form as well as recognition and cleavage of targeted nucleic acids. The primary role of CRISPR-Cas systems is to provide their host with an adaptive and hereditary immunity against exogenous nucleic acids. This system is present in many variants in both Bacteria and Archea. Due to its modular structure, and programmability CRISPR-Cas system become attractive tool for modern molecular biology. Since their discovery and implementation, the CRISPR-Cas systems revolutionized areas of gene editing and regulation of gene expression. Although our knowledge on how CRISPR-Cas systems work has increased rapidly in recent years, there is still little information on how these systems are controlled and how they interact with other cellular mechanisms. Such regulation can be the result of both auto-regulatory mechanisms as well as exogenous proteins of phage origin. Better understanding of these interaction networks would be beneficial for optimization of current and development of new CRISPR-Cas-based tools. In this review we summarize current knowledge on the various molecular mechanisms that affect activity of CRISPR-Cas systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zakrzewska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Burmistrz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Cui G, Zhang Y, Xu X, Liu Y, Li Z, Wu M, Liu J, Gan J, Liang H. PmiR senses 2-methylisocitrate levels to regulate bacterial virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd4220. [PMID: 36475801 PMCID: PMC9728974 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add4220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To adapt to changes in environmental cues, Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces an array of virulence factors to survive the host immune responses during infection. Metabolic products contribute to bacterial virulence; however, only a limited number of these signaling receptors have been explored in detail for their ability to modulate virulence in bacteria. Here, we characterize the metabolic pathway of 2-methylcitrate cycle in P. aeruginosa and unveil that PmiR served as a receptor of 2-methylisocitrate (MIC) to govern bacterial virulence. Crystallographic studies and structural-guided mutagenesis uncovered several residues crucial for PmiR's allosteric activation by MIC. We also demonstrated that PmiR directly repressed the pqs quorum-sensing system and subsequently inhibited pyocyanin production. Moreover, mutation of pmiR reduces bacterial survival in a mouse model of acute pneumonia infection. Collectively, this study identified P. aeruginosa PmiR as an important metabolic sensor for regulating expression of bacterial virulence genes to adapt to the harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, ShaanXi, China
| | - Yixi Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xuejie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, ShaanXi, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Zhuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, ShaanXi, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Jianling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, ShaanXi, China
| | - Jianhua Gan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Haihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, ShaanXi, China
- College of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Kasthuri T, Barath S, Nandhakumar M, Karutha Pandian S. Proteomic profiling spotlights the molecular targets and the impact of the natural antivirulent umbelliferone on stress response, virulence factors, and the quorum sensing network of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:998540. [PMID: 36530435 PMCID: PMC9748083 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.998540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa easily adapts to newer environments and acquires several genome flexibilities to overcome the effect of antibiotics during therapeutics, especially in cystic fibrosis patients. During adaptation to the host system, the bacteria employ various tactics including virulence factor production and biofilm formation to escape from the host immune system and resist antibiotics. Hence, identifying alternative strategies to combat recalcitrant pathogens is imperative for the successful elimination of drug-resistant microbes. In this context, this study portrays the anti-virulence efficacy of umbelliferone (UMB) against P. aeruginosa. UMB (7-hydroxy coumarin) is pervasively found among the plant family of Umbelliferae and Asteraceae. The UMB impeded biofilm formation in the P. aeruginosa reference strain and clinical isolates on polystyrene and glass surfaces at the concentration of 125 µg/ml. Global proteomic analysis of UMB-treated cells revealed the downregulation of major virulence-associated proteins such as RhlR, LasA, AlgL, FliD, Tpx, HtpG, KatA, FusA1, Tsf, PhzM, PhzB2, CarB, DctP, MtnA, and MscL. A functional interaction study, gene ontology, and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that UMB could modulate the global regulators, enzymes, co-factors, and transcription factors related to quorum sensing (QS), stress tolerance, siderophore production, motility, and microcolony formation. In vitro biochemical assays further affirmed the anti-virulence efficacy of UMB by reducing pyocyanin, protease, elastase, and catalase production in various strains of P. aeruginosa. Besides the antibiofilm activity, UMB-treated cells exhibited enhanced antibiotic susceptibility to various antibiotics including amikacin, kanamycin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, and cefotaxime. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity analysis revealed the biocompatibility of UMB, and the IC50 value was determined to be 249.85 µg/ml on the HepG2 cell line. Altogether, the study substantiates the anti-virulence efficacy of UMB against P. aeruginosa, and the proteomic analysis reveals the differential expression of the regulators related to QS, stress response, and motility factors.
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Abstract
Pf4 is a filamentous bacteriophage integrated as a prophage into the genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Pf4 virions can be produced without killing P. aeruginosa. However, cell lysis can occur during superinfection when Pf virions successfully infect a host lysogenized by a Pf superinfective variant. We have previously shown that infection of P. aeruginosa PAO1 with a superinfective Pf4 variant abolished twitching motility and altered biofilm architecture. More precisely, most of the cells embedded into the biofilm were showing a filamentous morphology, suggesting the activation of the cell envelope stress response involving both AlgU and SigX extracytoplasmic function sigma factors. Here, we show that Pf4 variant infection results in a drastic dysregulation of 3,360 genes representing about 58% of P. aeruginosa genome; of these, 70% of the virulence factors encoding genes show a dysregulation. Accordingly, Pf4 variant infection (termed Pf4*) causes in vivo reduction of P. aeruginosa virulence and decreased production of N-acyl-homoserine lactones and 2-alkyl-4-quinolones quorum-sensing molecules and related virulence factors, such as pyocyanin, elastase, and pyoverdine. In addition, the expression of genes involved in metabolism, including energy generation and iron homeostasis, was affected, suggesting further relationships between virulence and central metabolism. Altogether, these data show that Pf4 phage variant infection results in complex network dysregulation, leading to reducing acute virulence in P. aeruginosa. This study contributes to the comprehension of the bacterial response to filamentous phage infection. IMPORTANCE Filamentous bacteriophages can become superinfective and infect P. aeruginosa, even though they are inserted in the genome as lysogens. Despite this productive infection, growth of the host is only mildly affected, allowing the study of the interaction between the phage and the host, which is not possible in the case of lytic phages killing rapidly their host. Here, we demonstrate by transcriptome and phenotypic analysis that the infection by a superinfective filamentous phage variant causes a massive disruption in gene expression, including those coding for virulence factors and metabolic pathways.
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10
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Qin S, Xiao W, Zhou C, Pu Q, Deng X, Lan L, Liang H, Song X, Wu M. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: pathogenesis, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, interaction with host, technology advances and emerging therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:199. [PMID: 35752612 PMCID: PMC9233671 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that infects patients with cystic fibrosis, burn wounds, immunodeficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), cancer, and severe infection requiring ventilation, such as COVID-19. P. aeruginosa is also a widely-used model bacterium for all biological areas. In addition to continued, intense efforts in understanding bacterial pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa including virulence factors (LPS, quorum sensing, two-component systems, 6 type secretion systems, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), CRISPR-Cas and their regulation), rapid progress has been made in further studying host-pathogen interaction, particularly host immune networks involving autophagy, inflammasome, non-coding RNAs, cGAS, etc. Furthermore, numerous technologic advances, such as bioinformatics, metabolomics, scRNA-seq, nanoparticles, drug screening, and phage therapy, have been used to improve our understanding of P. aeruginosa pathogenesis and host defense. Nevertheless, much remains to be uncovered about interactions between P. aeruginosa and host immune responses, including mechanisms of drug resistance by known or unannotated bacterial virulence factors as well as mammalian cell signaling pathways. The widespread use of antibiotics and the slow development of effective antimicrobials present daunting challenges and necessitate new theoretical and practical platforms to screen and develop mechanism-tested novel drugs to treat intractable infections, especially those caused by multi-drug resistance strains. Benefited from has advancing in research tools and technology, dissecting this pathogen's feature has entered into molecular and mechanistic details as well as dynamic and holistic views. Herein, we comprehensively review the progress and discuss the current status of P. aeruginosa biophysical traits, behaviors, virulence factors, invasive regulators, and host defense patterns against its infection, which point out new directions for future investigation and add to the design of novel and/or alternative therapeutics to combat this clinically significant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugang Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Qinqin Pu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Xin Deng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lefu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haihua Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, 710069, China
| | - Xiangrong Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA.
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11
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Chowdhury R, Pavinski Bitar PD, Adams MC, Chappie JS, Altier C. AraC-type regulators HilC and RtsA are directly controlled by an intestinal fatty acid to regulate Salmonella invasion. Mol Microbiol 2021; 116:1464-1475. [PMID: 34687258 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Invasion of the intestinal epithelium is an essential but energetically expensive survival strategy and is, therefore, tightly regulated by using specific cues from the environment. The enteric pathogen Salmonella controls its invasion machinery through the elegant coordination of three AraC-type transcription activators, HilD, HilC, and RtsA. Most environmental signals target HilD to control invasion, whereas HilC and RtsA are known only to augment these effects on HilD. Here we show that a fatty acid found in the murine colon, cis-2-hexadecenoic acid (c2-HDA), represses Salmonella invasion by directly targeting HilC and RtsA, in addition to HilD. c2-HDA directly binds each of these regulators and inhibits their attachment to DNA targets, repressing invasion even in the absence of HilD. Fatty acid binding, however, does not affect HilC and RtsA protein stability, unlike HilD. Importantly, we show that HilC and RtsA are highly effective in restoring HilD production and invasion gene expression after elimination of the repressive fatty acid c2-HDA. Together, these results illuminate a precise mechanism by which HilC and RtsA may modulate invasion as Salmonella navigates through different regions of the intestine, contributing to our understanding of how this enteric pathogen senses and adapts to a diverse intestinal environment while maintaining its virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimi Chowdhury
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Paulina D Pavinski Bitar
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Myfanwy C Adams
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Joshua S Chappie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Craig Altier
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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12
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Mawla GD, Hall BM, Cárcamo-Oyarce G, Grant RA, Zhang JJ, Kardon JR, Ribbeck K, Sauer RT, Baker TA. ClpP1P2 peptidase activity promotes biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mol Microbiol 2021; 115:1094-1109. [PMID: 33231899 PMCID: PMC8141546 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Caseinolytic proteases (Clp) are central to bacterial proteolysis and control cellular physiology and stress responses. They are composed of a double-ring compartmentalized peptidase (ClpP) and a AAA+ unfoldase (ClpX or ClpA/ClpC). Unlike many bacteria, the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa contains two ClpP homologs: ClpP1 and ClpP2. The specific functions of these homologs, however, are largely elusive. Here, we report that the active form of PaClpP2 is a part of a heteromeric PaClpP17 P27 tetradecamer that is required for proper biofilm development. PaClpP114 and PaClpP17 P27 complexes exhibit distinct peptide cleavage specificities and interact differentially with P. aeruginosa ClpX and ClpA. Crystal structures reveal that PaClpP2 has non-canonical features in its N- and C-terminal regions that explain its poor interaction with unfoldases. However, experiments in vivo indicate that the PaClpP2 peptidase active site uniquely contributes to biofilm development. These data strongly suggest that the specificity of different classes of ClpP peptidase subunits contributes to the biological outcome of proteolysis. This specialized role of PaClpP2 highlights it as an attractive target for developing antimicrobial agents that interfere specifically with late-stage P. aeruginosa development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina D. Mawla
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Branwen M. Hall
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Gerardo Cárcamo-Oyarce
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Robert A. Grant
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Jia Jia Zhang
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Julia R. Kardon
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Robert T. Sauer
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Tania A. Baker
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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13
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Kotecka K, Kawalek A, Kobylecki K, Bartosik AA. The AraC-Type Transcriptional Regulator GliR (PA3027) Activates Genes of Glycerolipid Metabolism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5066. [PMID: 34064685 PMCID: PMC8151288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa encodes a large set of transcriptional regulators (TRs) that modulate and manage cellular metabolism to survive in variable environmental conditions including that of the human body. The AraC family regulators are an abundant group of TRs in bacteria, mostly acting as gene expression activators, controlling diverse cellular functions (e.g., carbon metabolism, stress response, and virulence). The PA3027 protein from P. aeruginosa has been classified in silico as a putative AraC-type TR. Transcriptional profiling of P. aeruginosa PAO1161 overexpressing PA3027 revealed a spectacular increase in the mRNA levels of PA3026-PA3024 (divergent to PA3027), PA3464, and PA3342 genes encoding proteins potentially involved in glycerolipid metabolism. Concomitantly, chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis revealed that at least 22 regions are bound by PA3027 in the PAO1161 genome. These encompass promoter regions of PA3026, PA3464, and PA3342, showing the major increase in expression in response to PA3027 excess. In Vitro DNA binding assay confirmed interactions of PA3027 with these regions. Furthermore, promoter-reporter assays in a heterologous host showed the PA3027-dependent activation of the promoter of the PA3026-PA3024 operon. Two motifs representing the preferred binding sites for PA3027, one localized upstream and one overlapping with the -35 promoter sequence, were identified in PA3026p and our data indicate that both motifs are required for full activation of this promoter by PA3027. Overall, the presented data show that PA3027 acts as a transcriptional regulator in P. aeruginosa, activating genes likely engaged in glycerolipid metabolism. The GliR name, from a glycerolipid metabolism regulator, is proposed for PA3027 of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aneta Agnieszka Bartosik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (A.K.); (K.K.)
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14
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Cortés-Avalos D, Martínez-Pérez N, Ortiz-Moncada MA, Juárez-González A, Baños-Vargas AA, Estrada-de Los Santos P, Pérez-Rueda E, Ibarra JA. An update of the unceasingly growing and diverse AraC/XylS family of transcriptional activators. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:6219864. [PMID: 33837749 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional factors play an important role in gene regulation in all organisms, especially in Bacteria. Here special emphasis is placed in the AraC/XylS family of transcriptional regulators. This is one of the most abundant as many predicted members have been identified and more members are added because more bacterial genomes are sequenced. Given the way more experimental evidence has mounded in the past decades, we decided to update the information about this captivating family of proteins. Using bioinformatics tools on all the data available for experimentally characterized members of this family, we found that many members that display a similar functional classification can be clustered together and in some cases they have a similar regulatory scheme. A proposal for grouping these proteins is also discussed. Additionally, an analysis of surveyed proteins in bacterial genomes is presented. Altogether, the current review presents a panoramic view into this family and we hope it helps to stimulate future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cortés-Avalos
- Laboratorio de Genética Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Noemy Martínez-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Académica Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Mario A Ortiz-Moncada
- Laboratorio de Genética Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Aylin Juárez-González
- Laboratorio de Genética Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Arturo A Baños-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Genética Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Paulina Estrada-de Los Santos
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ernesto Pérez-Rueda
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Académica Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México.,Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Antonio Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Genética Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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15
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Wang T, Du X, Ji L, Han Y, Dang J, Wen J, Wang Y, Pu Q, Wu M, Liang H. Pseudomonas aeruginosa T6SS-mediated molybdate transport contributes to bacterial competition during anaerobiosis. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108957. [PMID: 33852869 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is widely distributed in Gram-negative bacteria and functions as a versatile protein export machinery that translocates effectors into eukaryotic or prokaryotic target cells. Growing evidence indicates that T6SS can deliver several effectors to promote bacterial survival in harmful environments through metal ion acquisition. Here, we report that the Pseudomonas aeruginosa H2-T6SS mediates molybdate (MoO42-) acquisition by secretion of a molybdate-binding protein, ModA. The expression of H2-T6SS genes is activated by the master regulator Anr and anaerobiosis. We also identified a ModA-binding protein, IcmP, an insulin-cleaving metalloproteinase outer membrane protein. The T6SS-ModA-IcmP system provides P. aeruginosa with a growth advantage in bacterial competition under anaerobic conditions and plays an important role in bacterial virulence. Overall, this study clarifies the role of T6SS in secretion of an anion-binding protein, emphasizing the fundamental importance of this bacterium using T6SS-mediated molybdate uptake to adapt to complex environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tietao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi 710069, China
| | - Xiao Du
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi 710069, China
| | - Linxuan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi 710069, China
| | - Yuying Han
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi 710069, China
| | - Jing Dang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi 710069, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi 710069, China
| | - Yarong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi 710069, China
| | - Qinqin Pu
- Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine and Health Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine and Health Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Haihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi 710069, China.
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16
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Wang T, Sun W, Fan L, Hua C, Wu N, Fan S, Zhang J, Deng X, Yan J. An atlas of the binding specificities of transcription factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa directs prediction of novel regulators in virulence. eLife 2021; 10:61885. [PMID: 33779544 PMCID: PMC8041468 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-throughput systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment assay was applied to 371 putative TFs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which resulted in the robust enrichment of 199 unique sequence motifs describing the binding specificities of 182 TFs. By scanning the genome, we predicted in total 33,709 significant interactions between TFs and their target loci, which were more than 11-fold enriched in the intergenic regions but depleted in the gene body regions. To further explore and delineate the physiological and pathogenic roles of TFs in P. aeruginosa, we constructed regulatory networks for nine major virulence-associated pathways and found that 51 TFs were potentially significantly associated with these virulence pathways, 32 of which had not been characterized before, and some were even involved in multiple pathways. These results will significantly facilitate future studies on transcriptional regulation in P. aeruginosa and other relevant pathogens, and accelerate to discover effective treatment and prevention strategies for the associated infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenju Sun
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ligang Fan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Canfeng Hua
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nan Wu
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaorong Fan
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jilin Zhang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Xin Deng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jian Yan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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17
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Essential gene analysis in Acinetobacter baumannii by high-density transposon mutagenesis and CRISPR interference. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e0056520. [PMID: 33782056 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00565-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a poorly understood bacterium capable of life-threatening infections in hospitals. Few antibiotics remain effective against this highly resistant pathogen. Developing rationally-designed antimicrobials that can target A. baumannii requires improved knowledge of the proteins that carry out essential processes allowing growth of the organism. Unfortunately, studying essential genes has been challenging using traditional techniques, which usually require time-consuming recombination-based genetic manipulations. Here, we performed saturating mutagenesis with dual transposon systems to identify essential genes in A. baumannii and we developed a CRISPR-interference (CRISPRi) system for facile analysis of these genes. We show that the CRISPRi system enables efficient transcriptional silencing in A. baumannii Using these tools, we confirmed the essentiality of the novel cell division protein AdvA and discovered a previously uncharacterized AraC-family transcription factor (ACX60_RS03245) that is necessary for growth. In addition, we show that capsule biosynthesis is a conditionally essential process, with mutations in late-acting steps causing toxicity in strain ATCC 17978 that can be bypassed by blocking early-acting steps or activating the BfmRS stress response. These results open new avenues for analysis of essential pathways in A. baumannii ImportanceNew approaches are urgently needed to control A. baumannii, one of the most drug resistant pathogens known. To facilitate the development of novel targets that allow inhibition of the pathogen, we performed a large-scale identification of genes whose products the bacterium needs for growth. We also developed a CRISPR-based gene knockdown tool that operates efficiently in A. baumannii, allowing rapid analysis of these essential genes. We used these methods to define multiple processes vital to the bacterium, including a previously uncharacterized gene-regulatory factor and export of a protective polymeric capsule. These tools will enhance our ability to investigate processes critical for the essential biology of this challenging hospital-acquired pathogen.
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18
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Shao X, Tan M, Xie Y, Yao C, Wang T, Huang H, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Liu J, Han L, Hua C, Wang X, Deng X. Integrated regulatory network in Pseudomonas syringae reveals dynamics of virulence. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108920. [PMID: 33789108 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae, a Gram-negative plant pathogen, expresses multitudinous transcriptional regulators to control the type III secretion system (T3SS) and response to diverse environmental challenges. Although the mechanisms of virulence-associated regulators of P. syringae have been studied for decades, the overall crosstalk underlying these regulators is still elusive. Here, we identify five T3SS regulators (EnvZ-OmpR, CbrAB2, PhoPQ, PilRS, and MgrA), and find that the two-component systems EnvZ-OmpR and CbrAB2 negatively regulate the T3SS. To elucidate crosstalk between 16 virulence-associated regulators in P. syringae, we map an online intricate network called "PSRnet" (Pseudomonas syringae regulatory network) by combining the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of these 16 regulators by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and their binding loci by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq). Consequently, we identify 238 and 153 functional genes involved in the T3SS and other virulence-related pathways in KB and MM media, respectively. Our results provide insights into the mechanism of plant infections caused by P. syringae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Shao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Miaomiao Tan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingpeng Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chunyan Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingchao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yiqing Ding
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jingui Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liangliang Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Canfeng Hua
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Xin Deng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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19
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Jiao H, Li F, Wang T, Yam JKH, Yang L, Liang H. The Pyocin Regulator PrtR Regulates Virulence Expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Modulation of Gac/Rsm System and c-di-GMP Signaling Pathway. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e00602-20. [PMID: 33168590 PMCID: PMC7822137 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00602-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the second messenger cyclic-di-GMP and Gac/Rsm signaling pathways are associated with the transition from acute to chronic infection. Therefore, identification of the molecular mechanisms that govern lifestyle choice in bacteria is very important. Here, we identified a novel cyclic-di-GMP modulator, PrtR, which was shown to repress pyocin production by inhibition of PrtN and activate the type III secretion system (T3SS) through PtrB. Compared to a wild-type strain or a prtN mutant, the prtR prtN double mutant exhibited a wrinkly colony and hyperbiofilm phenotype, as well as an increase in intracellular c-di-GMP levels. Interestingly, a diguanylate cyclase (DGC) gene, siaD, was repressed by PrtR. Further experiments revealed that PrtR directly interacts with SiaD and facilitates the accumulation of c-di-GMP in cells. We also demonstrated that PrtR regulates the activity of the Gac/Rsm system, thus affecting expression of the T3SS and type VI secretion system (T6SS) and the formation of biofilm. Taken together, the present findings indicate that PrtR, as a c-di-GMP modulator, plays key roles in the adaptation to opportunistic infection of P. aeruginosa Additionally, this study revealed a novel mechanism for PrtR-mediated regulation of the lifestyle transition via the Gac/Rsm and c-di-GMP signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
| | - Fan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, ShaanXi, China
| | - Tietao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
| | - Joey Kuok Hoong Yam
- School of Biological Sciences, Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, ShenZhen, China
| | - Haihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
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20
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Zhang Z, Yu YX, Wang YG, Liu X, Wang LF, Zhang H, Liao MJ, Li B. Complete genome analysis of a virulent Vibrio scophthalmi strain VSc190401 isolated from diseased marine fish half-smooth tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:341. [PMID: 33176689 PMCID: PMC7661262 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vibrio scophthalmi is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen, which is widely distributed in the marine environment. Earlier studies have suggested that it is a normal microorganism in the turbot gut. However, recent studies have confirmed that this bacterial strain can cause diseases in many different marine animals. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate its whole genome for better understanding its physiological and pathogenic mechanisms. Results In the present study, we obtained a pathogenic strain of V. scophthalmi from diseased half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) and sequenced its whole genome. Its genome contained two circular chromosomes and two plasmids with a total size of 3,541,838 bp, which harbored 3185 coding genes. Among these genes, 2648, 2298, and 1915 genes could be found through annotation information in COG, Blast2GO, and KEGG databases, respectively. Moreover, 10 genomic islands were predicted to exist in the chromosome I through IslandViewer online system. Comparison analysis in VFDB and PHI databases showed that this strain had 334 potential virulence-related genes and 518 pathogen-host interaction-related genes. Although it contained genes related to four secretion systems of T1SS, T2SS, T4SS, and T6SS, there was only one complete T2SS secretion system. Based on CARD database blast results, 180 drug resistance genes belonging to 27 antibiotic resistance categories were found in the whole genome of such strain. However, there were many differences between the phenotype and genotype of drug resistance. Conclusions Based on the whole genome analysis, the pathogenic V. scophthalmi strain contained many types of genes related to pathogenicity and drug resistance. Moreover, it showed inconsistency between phenotype and genotype on drug resistance. These results suggested that the physiological mechanism seemed to be complex. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-020-02028-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China. .,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China.
| | - Yong-Xiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China
| | - Yin-Geng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China. .,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China.
| | - Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China
| | - Li-Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China
| | - Mei-Jie Liao
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China
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21
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Beasley KL, Cristy SA, Elmassry MM, Dzvova N, Colmer-Hamood JA, Hamood AN. During bacteremia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 adapts by altering the expression of numerous virulence genes including those involved in quorum sensing. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240351. [PMID: 33057423 PMCID: PMC7561203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that produces numerous virulence factors and causes serious infections in trauma patients and patients with severe burns. We previously showed that the growth of P. aeruginosa in blood from severely burned or trauma patients altered the expression of numerous genes. However, the specific influence of whole blood from healthy volunteers on P. aeruginosa gene expression is not known. Transcriptome analysis of P. aeruginosa grown for 4 h in blood from healthy volunteers compared to that when grown in laboratory medium revealed that the expression of 1085 genes was significantly altered. Quorum sensing (QS), QS-related, and pyochelin synthesis genes were downregulated, while genes of the type III secretion system and those for pyoverdine synthesis were upregulated. The observed effect on the QS and QS-related genes was shown to reside within serum fraction: growth of PAO1 in the presence of 10% human serum from healthy volunteers significantly reduced the expression of QS and QS-regulated genes at 2 and 4 h of growth but significantly enhanced their expression at 8 h. Additionally, the production of QS-regulated virulence factors, including LasA and pyocyanin, was also influenced by the presence of human serum. Serum fractionation experiments revealed that part of the observed effect resides within the serum fraction containing <10-kDa proteins. Growth in serum reduced the production of many PAO1 outer membrane proteins but enhanced the production of others including OprF, a protein previously shown to play a role in the regulation of QS gene expression. These results suggest that factor(s) within human serum: 1) impact P. aeruginosa pathogenesis by influencing the expression of different genes; 2) differentially regulate the expression of QS and QS-related genes in a growth phase- or time-dependent mechanism; and 3) manipulate the production of P. aeruginosa outer membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellsie L. Beasley
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, Untied States of America
| | - Shane A. Cristy
- Honors College, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, Untied States of America
| | - Moamen M. Elmassry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, Untied States of America
| | - Nyaradzo Dzvova
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, Untied States of America
| | - Jane A. Colmer-Hamood
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, Untied States of America
- Department of Medical Education, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, Untied States of America
| | - Abdul N. Hamood
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, Untied States of America
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, Untied States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Peng J, Chen G, Xu X, Wang T, Liang H. Iron facilitates the RetS-Gac-Rsm cascade to inversely regulate protease IV (piv) expression via the sigma factor PvdS in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:5402-5413. [PMID: 33015962 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces several proteases, such as an elastase (LasB protease), a LasA protease, and protease IV (PIV), which are thought as significant virulence factors during infection. Regulators of LasA and LasB expression have been identified and well characterized; however, the molecular details of this regulation of protease IV (PIV) remained largely unknown. Here, we describe the interaction between protease IV and the RetS/Rsm signalling pathway, which plays a central role in controlling the production of multiple virulence factors and the switch from planktonic to biofilm lifestyle. We show that the expression of piv was reduced in ΔretS or ΔrsmA strain grown under restrictive conditions but was induced in ΔretS or ΔrsmA mutant grown under rich conditions as compared with wild-type parent. We compare the expression of piv under various conditions and found that iron facilitates RetS/Rsm system to lead this inverse regulation. Moreover, we reveal that the RetS/Rsm pathway regulates PIV production dependent on the alternative sigma factor PvdS. Collectively, this study extends the understanding of the RetS/Rsm regulatory cascade in response to environmental signals and provides insights into how P. aeruginosa adapts to the complex conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, 710069, China
| | - Gukui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, 710069, China
| | - Xuejie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, 710069, China
| | - Tietao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, 710069, China
| | - Haihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, 710069, China
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23
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A compendium of DNA-binding specificities of transcription factors in Pseudomonas syringae. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4947. [PMID: 33009392 PMCID: PMC7532196 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18744-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae is a Gram-negative and model pathogenic bacterium that causes plant diseases worldwide. Here, we set out to identify binding motifs for all 301 annotated transcription factors (TFs) of P. syringae using HT-SELEX. We successfully identify binding motifs for 100 TFs. We map functional interactions between the TFs and their targets in virulence-associated pathways, and validate many of these interactions and functions using additional methods such as ChIP-seq, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), RT-qPCR, and reporter assays. Our work identifies 25 virulence-associated master regulators, 14 of which had not been characterized as TFs before. The authors set out to identify binding motifs for all 301 transcription factors of a plant pathogenic bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae, using HT-SELEX. They successfully identify binding motifs for 100 transcription factors, infer their binding sites on the genome, and validate the predicted interactions and functions.
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24
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Shao X, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Ding Y, Wu M, Wang X, Deng X. Novel therapeutic strategies for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1403-1423. [PMID: 32880507 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1803274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Persistent infections caused by the superbug Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents are huge threats to patients with cystic fibrosis as well as those with compromised immune systems. Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa has posed a major challenge to conventional antibiotics and therapeutic approaches, which show limited efficacy and cause serious side effects. The public demand for new antibiotics is enormous; yet, drug development pipelines have started to run dry with limited targets available for inventing new antibacterial drugs. Consequently, it is important to uncover potential therapeutic targets. AREAS COVERED The authors review the current state of drug development strategies that are promising in terms of the development of novel and potent drugs to treat P. aeruginosa infection. EXPERT OPINION The prevention of P. aeruginosa infection is increasingly challenging. Furthermore, targeting key virulence regulators has great potential for developing novel anti-P. aeruginosa drugs. Additional promising strategies include bacteriophage therapy, immunotherapies, and antimicrobial peptides. Additionally, the authors believe that in the coming years, the overall network of molecular regulatory mechanism of P. aeruginosa virulence will be fully elucidated, which will provide more novel and promising drug targets for treating P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Shao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingpeng Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingchao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jingui Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yiqing Ding
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota , Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen, China
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25
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Gao P, Guo K, Pu Q, Wang Z, Lin P, Qin S, Khan N, Hur J, Liang H, Wu M. oprC Impairs Host Defense by Increasing the Quorum-Sensing-Mediated Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1696. [PMID: 32849593 PMCID: PMC7417366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, found widely in the wild, causes infections in the lungs and several other organs in healthy people but more often in immunocompromised individuals. P. aeruginosa infection leads to inflammasome assembly, pyroptosis, and cytokine release in the host. OprC is one of the bacterial porins abundant in the outer membrane vesicles responsible for channel-forming and copper binding. Recent research has revealed that OprC transports copper, an essential trace element involved in various physiological processes, into bacteria during copper deficiency. Here, we found that oprC deletion severely impaired bacterial motility and quorum-sensing systems, as well as lowered levels of lipopolysaccharide and pyocyanin in P. aeruginosa. In addition, oprC deficiency impeded the stimulation of TLR2 and TLR4 and inflammasome activation, resulting in decreases in proinflammatory cytokines and improved disease phenotypes, such as attenuated bacterial loads, lowered lung barrier damage, and longer mouse survival. Moreover, oprC deficiency significantly alleviated pyroptosis in macrophages. Mechanistically, oprC gene may impact quorum-sensing systems in P. aeruginosa to alter pyroptosis and inflammatory responses in cells and mice through the STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway. Our findings characterize OprC as a critical virulence regulator, providing the groundwork for further dissection of the pathogenic mechanism of OprC as a potential therapeutic target of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Qinqin Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Zhihan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States.,West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Shugang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Nadeem Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Haihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
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26
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Yang N, Cao Q, Hu S, Xu C, Fan K, Chen F, Yang C, Liang H, Wu M, Bae T, Lan L. Alteration of protein homeostasis mediates the interaction of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
with
Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Microbiol 2020; 114:423-442. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Qiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
- College of Life Science Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Shuyang Hu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Chenchen Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Ke Fan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Feifei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
- College of Life Science Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Cai‐Guang Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Haihua Liang
- College of Life Science Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of North Dakota Grand Forks ND USA
| | - Taeok Bae
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Indiana University School of Medicine‐Northwest Gary IN USA
| | - Lefu Lan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
- College of Life Science Northwest University Xi'an China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Testing Technology of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control Shanghai China
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27
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Chen G, Gan J, Yang C, Zuo Y, Peng J, Li M, Huo W, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Wang T, Deng X, Liang H. The SiaA/B/C/D signaling network regulates biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103412. [PMID: 32090355 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) production is associated with biofilm development and the switch from acute to chronic infections. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the diguanylate cyclase (DGC) SiaD and phosphatase SiaA, which are co-transcribed as part of a siaABCD operon, are essential for cellular aggregation. However, the detailed functions of this operon and the relationships among its constituent genes are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the siaABCD operon encodes for a signaling network that regulates SiaD enzymatic activity to control biofilm and aggregates formation. Through protein-protein interaction, SiaC promotes SiaD diguanylate cyclase activity. Biochemical and structural data revealed that SiaB is an unusual protein kinase that phosphorylates SiaC, whereas SiaA phosphatase can dephosphorylate SiaC. The phosphorylation state of SiaC is critical for its interaction with SiaD, which will switch on or off the DGC activity of SiaD and regulate c-di-GMP levels and subsequent virulence phenotypes. Collectively, our data provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the modulation of DGC activity associated with chronic infections, which may facilitate the development of antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gukui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianhua Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yili Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiping Huo
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingpeng Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tietao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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28
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Sana TG, Lomas R, Gimenez MR, Laubier A, Soscia C, Chauvet C, Conesa A, Voulhoux R, Ize B, Bleves S. Differential Modulation of Quorum Sensing Signaling through QslA in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains PAO1 and PA14. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:e00362-19. [PMID: 31405911 PMCID: PMC6779463 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00362-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two clinical isolates of the opportunist pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa named PAO1 and PA14 are commonly studied in research laboratories. Despite the isolates being closely related, PA14 exhibits increased virulence compared to that of PAO1 in various models. To determine which players are responsible for the hypervirulence phenotype of the PA14 strain, we elected a transcriptomic approach through RNA sequencing. We found 2,029 genes that are differentially expressed between the two strains, including several genes that are involved with or regulated by quorum sensing (QS), known to control most of the virulence factors in P. aeruginosa Among them, we chose to focus our study on QslA, an antiactivator of QS whose expression was barely detectable in the PA14 strain according our data. We hypothesized that lack of expression of qslA in PA14 could be responsible for higher QS expression in the PA14 strain, possibly explaining its hypervirulence phenotype. After confirming that QslA protein was highly produced in PAO1 but not in the PA14 strain, we obtained evidence showing that a PAO1 deletion strain of qslA has faster QS gene expression kinetics than PA14. Moreover, known virulence factors activated by QS, such as (i) pyocyanin production, (ii) H2-T6SS (type VI secretion system) gene expression, and (iii) Xcp-T2SS (type II secretion system) machinery production and secretion, were all lower in PAO1 than in PA14, due to higher qslA expression. However, biofilm formation and cytotoxicity toward macrophages, although increased in PA14 compared to PAO1, were independent of QslA control. Together, our findings implicated differential qslA expression as a major determinant of virulence factor expression in P. aeruginosa strains PAO1 and PA14.IMPORTANCEPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for acute nosocomial infections and chronic pulmonary infections. P. aeruginosa strain PA14 is known to be hypervirulent in different hosts. Despite several studies in the field, the underlining molecular mechanisms sustaining this phenotype remain enigmatic. Here we provide evidence that the PA14 strain has faster quorum sensing (QS) kinetics than the PAO1 strain, due to the lack of QslA expression, an antiactivator of QS. QS is a major regulator of virulence factors in P. aeruginosa; therefore, we propose that the hypervirulent phenotype of the PA14 strain is, at least partially, due to the lack of QslA expression. This mechanism could be of great importance, as it could be conserved among other P. aeruginosa isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Sana
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires-UMR7255, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix-Marseille University and CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - R Lomas
- Genomics of Gene Expression Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - M R Gimenez
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires-UMR7255, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix-Marseille University and CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - A Laubier
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires-UMR7255, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix-Marseille University and CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - C Soscia
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires-UMR7255, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix-Marseille University and CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - C Chauvet
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires-UMR7255, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix-Marseille University and CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - A Conesa
- Microbiology and Cell Science, IFAS, Genetics Insitute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - R Voulhoux
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires-UMR7255, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix-Marseille University and CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - B Ize
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires-UMR7255, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix-Marseille University and CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - S Bleves
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires-UMR7255, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix-Marseille University and CNRS, Marseille, France
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29
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Reen FJ, McGlacken GP, O'Gara F. The expanding horizon of alkyl quinolone signalling and communication in polycellular interactomes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 365:4953739. [PMID: 29718276 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Population dynamics within natural ecosystems is underpinned by microbial diversity and the heterogeneity of host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions. Small molecule signals that intersperse between species have been shown to govern many virulence-related processes in established and emerging pathogens. Understanding the capacity of microbes to decode diverse languages and adapt to the presence of 'non-self' cells will provide an important new direction to the understanding of the 'polycellular' interactome. Alkyl quinolones (AQs) have been described in the ESKAPE pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the primary agent associated with mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis and the third most prevalent nosocomial pathogen worldwide. The role of these molecules in governing the physiology and virulence of P. aeruginosa and other pathogens has received considerable attention, while a role in interspecies and interkingdom communication has recently emerged. Herein we discuss recent advances in our understanding of AQ signalling and communication in the context of microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions. The integrated knowledge from these systems-based investigations will facilitate the development of new therapeutics based on the AQ framework that serves to disarm the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa and competing pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jerry Reen
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard P McGlacken
- School of Chemistry and Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergal O'Gara
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Human Microbiome Programme, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, USA
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30
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An integrated genomic regulatory network of virulence-related transcriptional factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2931. [PMID: 31270321 PMCID: PMC6610081 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10778-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, is regulated by many transcriptional factors (TFs) that control the expression of quorum sensing and protein secretion systems. Here, we report a genome-wide, network-based approach to dissect the crosstalk between 20 key virulence-related TFs. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq), as well as RNA-seq, we identify 1200 TF-bound genes and 4775 differentially expressed genes. We experimentally validate 347 of these genes as functional target genes, and describe the regulatory relationships of the 20 TFs with their targets in a network that we call ‘Pseudomonas aeruginosa genomic regulatory network’ (PAGnet). Analysis of the network led to the identification of novel functions for two TFs (ExsA and GacA) in quorum sensing and nitrogen metabolism. Furthermore, we present an online platform and R package based on PAGnet to facilitate updating and user-customised analyses. The virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is regulated by many transcriptional factors (TFs). Here, the authors study the crosstalk between 20 key virulence-related TFs, validate 347 functional target genes, and describe the regulatory relationships of the 20 TFs with their targets in a network that is available as an online platform.
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Shao X, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Deng X. Biofilm Formation Assay in Pseudomonas syringae. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3237. [PMID: 33654766 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae is a model plant pathogen that infects more than 50 plant species worldwide, thus leading to significant yield loss. Pseudomonas biofilm always adheres to the surfaces of medical devices or host cells, thereby contributing to infection. Biofilm formation can be visualized on numerous matrixes, including coverslips, silicone tubes, polypropylene and polystyrene. Confocal laser scanning microscopy can be used to visualize and analyze biofilm structure. In this study, we modified and applied the current method of P. aeruginosa biofilm measurement to P. syringae, and developed a convenient protocol to visualize P. syringae biofilm formation using a borosilicate glass tube as the matrix coupled with crystal violet staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yingpeng Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ramalingam V, Mahamuni D, Rajaram R. In vitro and in silico approaches of antibiofilm activity of 1-hydroxy-1-norresistomycin against human clinical pathogens. Microb Pathog 2019; 132:343-354. [PMID: 31100406 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, an attempt has been made to explore the antibiofilm activity of bioactive compound 1-hydroxy-1-norresistomycin (HNM) derived from coral mucus associated actinomycete Streptomyces variabilis. Initially, different concentration of HNM inhibited the biofilm formation of human clinical pathogens Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae and Staphylococcus aureus was determined using crystal-violet staining assay. The light microscopic analysis showed that HNM reduced the biofilm formation and adherence of bacterial cells on the surface of coverslip. HNM also damages the 3D architecture with reduced thickness as well as cell aggregation of biofilm forming bacteria analysed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). In addition, HNM also demonstrated the efficiency in inhibiting theoretical adhesion by altering the surface hydrophobicity that can potentially hamper cellular adhesion and prevent biofilm formation. Furthermore, the molecular docking showed the significant interaction between HNM and key biofilm forming proteins proved an excellent antibiofilm activity of HNM. Together, these results suggest that the HNM can serve as potential antibiofilm agent in controlling the infections of E. coli, V. cholerae and S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaikundamoorthy Ramalingam
- DNA Barcoding and Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Duraisamy Mahamuni
- Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Management, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Rajaram
- DNA Barcoding and Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Ferro TAF, Souza EB, Suarez MAM, Rodrigues JFS, Pereira DMS, Mendes SJF, Gonzaga LF, Machado MCAM, Bomfim MRQ, Calixto JB, Arbiser JL, Monteiro-Neto V, André E, Fernandes ES. Topical Application of Cinnamaldehyde Promotes Faster Healing of Skin Wounds Infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081627. [PMID: 31027179 PMCID: PMC6515316 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing can be delayed following colonization and infection with the common bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. While multiple therapies are used for their treatment, these are ineffective, expensive, and labour-intensive. Thus, there is an enormous unmet need for the treatment of infected wounds. Cinnamaldehyde, the major component of cinnamon oil, is well known for its antimicrobial properties. Herein, we investigated the effects of sub-inhibitory concentrations of cinnamaldehyde in the virulence of P. aeruginosa. We also assessed its healing potential in P. aeruginosa-infected mouse skin wounds and the mechanisms involved in this response. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of cinnamaldehyde reduced P. aeruginosa metabolic rate and its ability to form biofilm and to cause haemolysis. Daily topical application of cinnamaldehyde on P. aeruginosa-infected skin wounds reduced tissue bacterial load and promoted faster healing. Lower interleukin-17 (IL-17), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide levels were detected in cinnamaldehyde-treated wound samples. Blockage of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1, the pharmacological target of cinnamaldehyde, abrogated its healing activity and partially reversed the inhibitory actions of this compound on VEGF and IL-17 generation. We suggest that topical application of sub-inhibitory concentrations of cinnamaldehyde may represent an interesting approach to improve the healing of P. aeruginosa-infected skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago A F Ferro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil.
| | - Eliene B Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil.
| | - Mariela A M Suarez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil.
| | - João F S Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil.
| | | | - Saulo J F Mendes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil.
| | - Laoane F Gonzaga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria R Q Bomfim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil.
| | - João B Calixto
- Centro de Inovação e Ensaios Pré-Clínicos-CIEnP, Florianópolis 88056-000, SC, Brazil.
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology and Veterans Administration Medical Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, NY 30322, USA.
| | - Valério Monteiro-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil.
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil.
| | - Eunice André
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil.
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Song Y, Yang C, Chen G, Zhang Y, Seng Z, Cai Z, Zhang C, Yang L, Gan J, Liang H. Molecular insights into the master regulator CysB-mediated bacterial virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mol Microbiol 2019; 111:1195-1210. [PMID: 30618115 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major pathogen that causes serious acute and chronic infections in humans. The type III secretion system (T3SS) is an important virulence factor that plays essential roles in acute infections. However, the regulatory mechanisms of T3SS are not fully understood. In this study, we found that the deletion of cysB reduced the T3SS gene expression and swarming motility but enhanced biofilm formation. In a mouse acute pneumonia model, mutation of cysB decreased the average bacterial load compared to that of the wild-type strain. Further experiments demonstrated that CysB contributed to the reduced T3SS gene expression and bacterial pathogenesis by directly regulating the sensor kinase RetS. We also performed crystallographic studies of PaCysB. The overall fold of PaCysB NTD domain is similar to other LysR superfamily proteins and structural superposition revealed one possible DNA-binding model for PaCysB. Structural comparison also revealed great flexibility of the PaCysB RD domain, which may play an important role in bending and transcriptional regulation of target DNA. Taken together, these results expand our current understanding of the complex regulatory networks of T3SS and RetS pathways. The crystal structure of CysB provides new insights for studying the function of its homologs in other bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Song
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Chun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Gukui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Yixi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Zijing Seng
- School of Biological Sciences, Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhao Cai
- School of Biological Sciences, Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.,School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jianhua Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Haihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
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Lin P, Pu Q, Shen G, Li R, Guo K, Zhou C, Liang H, Jiang J, Wu M. CdpR Inhibits CRISPR-Cas Adaptive Immunity to Lower Anti-viral Defense while Avoiding Self-Reactivity. iScience 2019; 13:55-68. [PMID: 30822746 PMCID: PMC6393702 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas systems as adaptive immunity in bacteria and archaea battle against bacteriophages. However, little is known how CRISPR-Cas systems are precisely regulated to effectively eliminate intruders while not inducing self-reactivity. Here, we identify intrinsic negative modulator of CRISPR-Cas that influences interference and adaptation functions. LasI/RhlI-derived autoinducers activate cas operon by enhancing the binding of virulence factor regulator (Vfr) cis-response elements to cas1 promoter, whereas CdpR represses this intracellular signaling and blocks transcription of cas operon. Importantly, inhibition of Vfr reduces cas1 expression and impairs immunization and immune memory mediated by CRISPR-Cas, leading to more severe phage infection but lower self-targeting activities. In addition, CdpR-mediated LasI/RhlI/Vfr intracellular signaling represses cleavage of bacterial endogenous sequences by impeding Cas3 RNA cleavage activity. Thus, CdpR renders important inhibitory effects on CRISPR-Cas systems to avoid possible self-reactivity but potentially heightening infection risk. Our study provides insight into fine regulation of CRISPR-Cas systems for maintaining homeostasis. Both CRISPR-Cas immunization and immunity are suppressed by CdpR CdpR prevents bacterial defense to phage infection via CRISPR-Cas systems CdpR represses QS to modify CRISPR-Cas functionality in a Vfr-dependent manner CdpR blocks Vfr binding to cis-response elements in the promoter of cas operon
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P. R. China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9037, USA
| | - Qinqin Pu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9037, USA
| | - Guanwang Shen
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Rongpeng Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9037, USA; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9037, USA
| | - Chuanmin Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9037, USA
| | - Haihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi 710069, P. R. China.
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P. R. China.
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9037, USA.
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Fang YL, Chen B, Zhou L, Jin ZJ, Sun S, He YW. The Anti-activator QslA Negatively Regulates Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid Biosynthesis by Interacting With the Quorum Sensing Regulator MvfR in the Rhizobacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain PA1201. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1584. [PMID: 30090088 PMCID: PMC6068238 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Two almost identical gene clusters (phz1 and phz2) are responsible for phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strain MSH (derived from strain PA1201). Here, we showed that the anti-activator QslA negatively regulated PCA biosynthesis and phz1 expression in strain PA1201 but had little effect on phz2 expression. This downregulation was mediated by a 56-bp region within the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the phz1 promoter and was independent of LasR and RsaL signaling. QslA also negatively regulated Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) production. Indeed, QslA controlled the PQS threshold concentration needed for PQS-dependent PCA biosynthesis. The quorum sensing regulator MvfR was required for the QslA-dependent inhibition of PCA production. We identified a direct protein-protein interaction between QslA and MvfR. The ligand-binding domain of MvfR (residues 123-306) was involved in this interaction. Our results suggested that MvfR bound directly to the promoter of the phz1 cluster. QslA interaction with MvfR prevented the binding of MvfR to the phz1 promoter regions. Thus, this study depicted a new mechanism by which QslA controls PCA and PQS biosynthesis in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ling Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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RpoN-Dependent Direct Regulation of Quorum Sensing and the Type VI Secretion System in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. J Bacteriol 2018; 200:JB.00205-18. [PMID: 29760208 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00205-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen of humans, particularly those with cystic fibrosis. As a global regulator, RpoN controls a group of virulence-related factors and quorum-sensing (QS) genes in P. aeruginosa To gain further insights into the direct targets of RpoN in vivo, the present study focused on identifying the direct targets of RpoN regulation in QS and the type VI secretion system (T6SS). We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) that identified 1,068 binding sites of RpoN, mostly including metabolic genes, a group of genes in QS (lasI, rhlI, and pqsR) and the T6SS (hcpA and hcpB). The direct targets of RpoN have been verified by electrophoretic mobility shifts assays (EMSA), lux reporter assay, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, and phenotypic detection. The ΔrpoN::Tc mutant resulted in the reduced production of pyocyanin, motility, and proteolytic activity. However, the production of rhamnolipids and biofilm formation were higher in the ΔrpoN::Tc mutant than in the wild type. In summary, the results indicated that RpoN had direct and profound effects on QS and the T6SS.IMPORTANCE As a global regulator, RpoN controls a wide range of biological pathways, including virulence in P. aeruginosa PAO1. This work shows that RpoN plays critical and global roles in the regulation of bacterial pathogenicity and fitness. ChIP-seq provided a useful database to characterize additional functions and targets of RpoN in the future. The functional characterization of RpoN-mediated regulation will improve the current understanding of the regulatory network of quorum sensing and virulence in P. aeruginosa and other bacteria.
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Higgins S, Heeb S, Rampioni G, Fletcher MP, Williams P, Cámara M. Differential Regulation of the Phenazine Biosynthetic Operons by Quorum Sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1-N. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:252. [PMID: 30083519 PMCID: PMC6064868 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing (QS) network plays a key role in the adaptation to environmental changes and the control of virulence factor production in this opportunistic human pathogen. Three interlinked QS systems, namely las, rhl, and pqs, are central to the production of pyocyanin, a phenazine virulence factor which is typically used as phenotypic marker for analysing QS. Pyocyanin production in P. aeruginosa is a complex process involving two almost identical operons termed phzA1B1C1D1E1F1G1 (phz1) and phzA2B2C2D2E2F2G2 (phz2), which drive the production of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) which is further converted to pyocyanin by two modifying enzymes PhzM and PhzS. Due to the high sequence conservation between the phz1 and phz2 operons (nucleotide identity > 98%), analysis of their individual expression by RNA hybridization, qRT-PCR or transcriptomics is challenging. To overcome this difficulty, we utilized luminescence based promoter fusions of each phenazine operon to measure in planktonic cultures their transcriptional activity in P. aeruginosa PAO1-N genetic backgrounds impaired in different components of the las, rhl, and pqs QS systems, in the presence or absence of different QS signal molecules. Using this approach, we found that all three QS systems play a role in differentially regulating the phz1 and phz2 phenazine operons, thus uncovering a higher level of complexity to the QS regulation of PCA biosynthesis in P. aeruginosa than previously appreciated. Importance The way the P. aeruginosa QS regulatory networks are intertwined creates a challenge when analysing the mechanisms governing specific QS-regulated traits. Multiple QS regulators and signals have been associated with the production of phenazine virulence factors. In this work we designed experiments where we dissected the contribution of specific QS switches using individual mutations and complementation strategies to gain further understanding of the specific roles of these QS elements in controlling expression of the two P. aeruginosa phenazine operons. Using this approach we have teased out which QS regulators have either indirect or direct effects on the regulation of the two phenazine biosynthetic operons. The data obtained highlight the sophistication of the QS cascade in P. aeruginosa and the challenges in analysing the control of phenazine secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Higgins
- Centre for Biomolecular Science, School of Life Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Heeb
- Centre for Biomolecular Science, School of Life Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Giordano Rampioni
- Centre for Biomolecular Science, School of Life Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Mathew P. Fletcher
- Centre for Biomolecular Science, School of Life Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Williams
- Centre for Biomolecular Science, School of Life Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Cámara
- Centre for Biomolecular Science, School of Life Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Liu L, Li T, Cheng XJ, Peng CT, Li CC, He LH, Ju SM, Wang NY, Ye TH, Lian M, Xiao QJ, Song YJ, Zhu YB, Yu LT, Wang ZL, Bao R. Structural and functional studies on Pseudomonas aeruginosa DspI: implications for its role in DSF biosynthesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3928. [PMID: 29500457 PMCID: PMC5834635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DspI, a putative enoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) hydratase/isomerase, was proposed to be involved in the synthesis of cis-2-decenoic acid (CDA), a quorum sensing (QS) signal molecule in the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The present study provided a structural basis for the dehydration reaction mechanism of DspI during CDA synthesis. Structural analysis reveals that Glu126, Glu146, Cys127, Cys131 and Cys154 are important for its enzymatic function. Moreover, we show that the deletion of dspI results in a remarkable decreased in the pyoverdine production, flagella-dependent swarming motility, and biofilm dispersion as well as attenuated virulence in P. aeruginosa PA14. This study thus unravels the mechanism of DspI in diffusible signal factor (DSF) CDA biosynthesis, providing vital information for developing inhibitors that interfere with DSF associated pathogenicity in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Medical University, affiliated hospital, Luzhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing-Jun Cheng
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cui-Ting Peng
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang-Cheng Li
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Hui He
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Si-Min Ju
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning-Yu Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting-Hong Ye
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mao Lian
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing-Jie Xiao
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Jie Song
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Bo Zhu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Luo-Ting Yu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhen-Ling Wang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Rui Bao
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Yeom J, Wayne KJ, Groisman EA. Sequestration from Protease Adaptor Confers Differential Stability to Protease Substrate. Mol Cell 2017; 66:234-246.e5. [PMID: 28431231 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
According to the N-end rule, the N-terminal residue of a protein determines its stability. In bacteria, the adaptor ClpS mediates proteolysis by delivering substrates bearing specific N-terminal residues to the protease ClpAP. We now report that the Salmonella adaptor ClpS binds to the N terminus of the regulatory protein PhoP, resulting in PhoP degradation by ClpAP. We establish that the PhoP-activated protein MgtC protects PhoP from degradation by outcompeting ClpS for binding to PhoP. MgtC appears to act exclusively on PhoP, as it did not alter the stability of a different ClpS-dependent ClpAP substrate. Removal of five N-terminal residues rendered PhoP stability independent of both the clpS and mgtC genes. By preserving PhoP protein levels, MgtC enables normal temporal transcription of PhoP-activated genes. The identified mechanism provides a simple means to spare specific substrates from an adaptor-dependent protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinki Yeom
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Kyle J Wayne
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Eduardo A Groisman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA; Yale Microbial Sciences Institute, P.O. Box 27389, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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Sun S, Chen B, Jin ZJ, Zhou L, Fang YL, Thawai C, Rampioni G, He YW. Characterization of the multiple molecular mechanisms underlying RsaL control of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid biosynthesis in the rhizosphere bacteriumPseudomonas aeruginosaPA1201. Mol Microbiol 2017; 104:931-947. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zi-Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Lian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yun-Ling Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Chitti Thawai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science; King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang; Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Ya-Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
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42
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Kang H, Gan J, Zhao J, Kong W, Zhang J, Zhu M, Li F, Song Y, Qin J, Liang H. Crystal structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa RsaL bound to promoter DNA reaffirms its role as a global regulator involved in quorum-sensing. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 45:699-710. [PMID: 27924027 PMCID: PMC5314801 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses at least three well-defined quorum-sensing (QS) (las, rhl and pqs) systems that control a variety of important functions including virulence. RsaL is a QS repressor that reduces QS signal production and ensures homeostasis by functioning in opposition to LasR. However, its regulatory role in signal homeostasis remains elusive. Here, we conducted a ChIP-seq assay and revealed that RsaL bound to two new targets, the intergenic regions of PA2228/PA2229 and pqsH/cdpR, which are required for PQS synthesis. Deletion of rsaL reduced transcription of pqsH and cdpR, thus decreasing PQS signal production. The ΔrsaL strain exhibited increased pyocyanin production and reduced biofilm formation, which are dependent on CdpR or PqsH activity. In addition, we solved the structure of the RsaL–DNA complex at a 2.4 Å resolution. Although the overall sequence similarity is quite low, RsaL folds into a HTH-like structure, which is conserved among many transcriptional regulators. Complementation results of the rsaL knockout cells with different rsaL mutants further confirmed the critical role of the DNA-binding residues (including Arg20, Gln27, Gln38, Gly35, Ser37 and Ser42) that are essential for DNA binding. Our findings reveal new targets of RsaL and provide insight into the detailed characterization of the RsaL–DNA interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Kang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jianhua Gan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jingru Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Weina Kong
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Miao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Fan Li
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yaqin Song
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Haihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
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