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Ma J, Li M, Bao Y, Huang W, He X, Hong Y, Wei W, Liu Z, Gao X, Yang Y, Cui Z, Wang W, Wang J, Zhu W, Zheng N, Pan L, Wang D, Ke Z, Zhou B, Sheng L, Li H. Gut microbiota-brain bile acid axis orchestrates aging-related neuroinflammation and behavior impairment in mice. Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107361. [PMID: 39159729 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that disrupted gut microbiota-bile acid (BA) axis is critically involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the alterations in spatial distribution of BAs among different brain regions that command important functions during aging and their exact roles in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases are poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the BA profiles in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of young and natural aging mice of both sexes. The results showed that aging altered brain BA profiles sex- and region- dependently, in which TβMCA was consistently elevated in aging mice of both sexes, particularly in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. Furthermore, we found that aging accumulated-TβMCA stimulated microglia inflammation in vitro and shortened the lifespan of C. elegans, as well as behavioral impairment and neuroinflammation in mice. In addition, metagenomic analysis suggested that the accumulation of brain TβMCA during aging was partially attributed to reduction in BSH-carrying bacteria. Finally, rejuvenation of gut microbiota by co-housing aged mice with young mice restored brain BA homeostasis and improved neurological dysfunctions in natural aging mice. In conclusion, our current study highlighted the potential of improving aging-related neuro-impairment by targeting gut microbiota-brain BA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mingxiao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiyang Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenjin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaofang He
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenjing Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zekun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinxin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengyu Cui
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Wantao Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Weize Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lingyun Pan
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Deheng Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zunji Ke
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ben Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lili Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Houkai Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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2
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Wei M, Tu W, Huang G. Regulating bile acids signaling for NAFLD: molecular insights and novel therapeutic interventions. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1341938. [PMID: 38887706 PMCID: PMC11180741 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1341938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) emerges as the most predominant cause of liver disease, tightly linked to metabolic dysfunction. Bile acids (BAs), initially synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, undergo further metabolism by gut bacteria. Increasingly acknowledged as critical modulators of metabolic processes, BAs have been implicated as important signaling molecules. In this review, we will focus on the mechanism of BAs signaling involved in glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, energy expenditure, and immune regulation and summarize their roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Furthermore, gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a key role in the development of NAFLD, and the interactions between BAs and intestinal microbiota is elucidated. In addition, we also discuss potential therapeutic strategies for NAFLD, including drugs targeting BA receptors, modulation of intestinal microbiota, and metabolic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Tu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Genhua Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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3
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Jia W, Li Y, Cheung KCP, Zheng X. Bile acid signaling in the regulation of whole body metabolic and immunological homeostasis. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:865-878. [PMID: 37515688 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) play a crucial role in nutrient absorption and act as key regulators of lipid and glucose metabolism and immune homeostasis. Through the enterohepatic circulation, BAs are synthesized, metabolized, and reabsorbed, with a portion entering the vascular circulation and distributing systemically. This allows BAs to interact with receptors in all major organs, leading to organ-organ interactions that regulate both local and global metabolic processes, as well as the immune system. This review focuses on the whole-body effects of BA-mediated metabolic and immunological regulation, including in the brain, heart, liver, intestine, eyes, skin, adipose tissue, and muscle. Targeting BA synthesis and receptor signaling is a promising strategy for the development of novel therapies for various diseases throughout the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yitao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth C P Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zheng
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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4
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Hamamah S, Hajnal A, Covasa M. Influence of Bariatric Surgery on Gut Microbiota Composition and Its Implication on Brain and Peripheral Targets. Nutrients 2024; 16:1071. [PMID: 38613104 PMCID: PMC11013759 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity remains a significant global health challenge, with bariatric surgery remaining as one of the most effective treatments for severe obesity and its related comorbidities. This review highlights the multifaceted impact of bariatric surgery beyond mere physical restriction or nutrient malabsorption, underscoring the importance of the gut microbiome and neurohormonal signals in mediating the profound effects on weight loss and behavior modification. The various bariatric surgery procedures, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG), act through distinct mechanisms to alter the gut microbiome, subsequently impacting metabolic health, energy balance, and food reward behaviors. Emerging evidence has shown that bariatric surgery induces profound changes in the composition of the gut microbiome, notably altering the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and enhancing populations of beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia. These microbiota shifts have far-reaching effects beyond gut health, influencing dopamine-mediated reward pathways in the brain and modulating the secretion and action of key gut hormones including ghrelin, leptin, GLP-1, PYY, and CCK. The resultant changes in dopamine signaling and hormone levels contribute to reduced hedonic eating, enhanced satiety, and improved metabolic outcomes. Further, post-bariatric surgical effects on satiation targets are in part mediated by metabolic byproducts of gut microbiota like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids, which play a pivotal role in modulating metabolism and energy expenditure and reducing obesity-associated inflammation, as well as influencing food reward pathways, potentially contributing to the regulation of body weight and reduction in hedonic eating behaviors. Overall, a better understanding of these mechanisms opens the door to developing non-surgical interventions that replicate the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery on the gut microbiome, dopamine signaling, and gut hormone regulation, offering new avenues for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevag Hamamah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 9176, USA;
| | - Andras Hajnal
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 9176, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, 7200229 Suceava, Romania
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5
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Dong T, Lin W, Zhou Q, Yang Y, Liu X, Chen J, Liu H, Zhang C. Association of adiposity indicators with cardiometabolic multimorbidity risk in hypertensive patients: a large cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1302296. [PMID: 38577567 PMCID: PMC10991765 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1302296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) has emerged as a prominent public health concern. Hypertensive patients are prone to develop comorbidities. Moreover, the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue is the main cause for the development of cardiometabolic diseases. The cardiometabolic index (CMI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) not only assess adipose tissue mass but also reflect adipose tissue dysfunction. So far, no study has been reported to evaluate the association of CMI, LAP, VAI, and CVAI with CMM risk in hypertensive patients. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the association between these adiposity indicators and the risk of CMM among Chinese hypertensive patients. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 229,287 hypertensive patients aged 35 years and older were included from the National Basic Public Health Service Project. All participants underwent a face-to-face questionnaire survey, physical examination, and the collection of fasting venous blood samples. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Receiver operating characteristic curve was utilized to evaluate the identification ability for CMM. Results After adjusting for confounders, each 1-standard deviation increase in CMI, LAP, VAI, and CVAI was associated with a 14%, 8%, 12%, and 54% increased risk of CMM, respectively. When comparing the highest quartile of these indicators with the lowest quartile, individuals in the highest quartile of CMM, LAP, VAI, and CVAI had a 1.39-fold (95% CI 1.30, 1.48), 1.28-fold (95% CI 1.19, 1.37), 1.37-fold (95% CI 1.29, 1.46), and 2.56-fold (95% CI 2.34, 2.79) increased risk of CMM after adjusting for potential confounders. Notably, a nonlinear association was observed for CMI, LAP, and VAI with the risk of CMM (all P nonlinearity < 0.001). CVAI exhibited the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) among all the included adiposity indices in this analysis. Conclusion This study indicated the significant positive association of CMI, LAP, VAI, and CVAI with the risk of CMM in hypertensive patients. Among these indicators, CVAI demonstrated the most robust performance in predicting CMM risk and may serve as a valuable tool for identifying CMM risk in Chinese hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiquan Lin
- Department of Basic Public Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Basic Public Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunou Yang
- Department of Basic Public Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyi Liu
- Department of Basic Public Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- Department of Basic Public Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Basic Public Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Hofford RS, Kiraly DD. Clinical and Preclinical Evidence for Gut Microbiome Mechanisms in Substance Use Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:329-338. [PMID: 37573004 PMCID: PMC10884738 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders are a set of recalcitrant neuropsychiatric conditions that cause tremendous morbidity and mortality and are among the leading causes of loss of disability-adjusted life years worldwide. While each specific substance use disorder is driven by problematic use of a different substance, they all share a similar pattern of escalating and out-of-control substance use, continued use despite negative consequences, and a remitting/relapsing pattern over time. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the neurobiology of these conditions, current treatment options remain few and are ineffective for too many individuals. In recent years, there has been a rapidly growing body of literature demonstrating that the resident population of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract, collectively called the gut microbiome, plays an important role in modulating brain and behavior in preclinical and clinical studies of psychiatric disease. While these findings have not yet been translated into clinical practice, this remains an important and exciting avenue for translational research. In this review, we highlight the current state of microbiome-brain research within the substance use field with a focus on both clinical and preclinical studies. We also discuss potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying microbiome effects on models of substance use disorder and propose future directions to bring these findings from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Hofford
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Drew D Kiraly
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Department of Psychiatry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
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7
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Hou Y, Zhai X, Wang X, Wu Y, Wang H, Qin Y, Han J, Meng Y. Research progress on the relationship between bile acid metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:235. [PMID: 37978556 PMCID: PMC10656899 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids, which are steroid molecules originating from cholesterol and synthesized in the liver, play a pivotal role in regulating glucose metabolism and maintaining energy balance. Upon release into the intestine alongside bile, they activate various nuclear and membrane receptors, influencing crucial processes. These bile acids have emerged as significant contributors to managing type 2 diabetes mellitus, a complex clinical syndrome primarily driven by insulin resistance. Bile acids substantially lower blood glucose levels through multiple pathways: BA-FXR-SHP, BA-FXR-FGFR15/19, BA-TGR5-GLP-1, and BA-TGR5-cAMP. They also impact blood glucose regulation by influencing intestinal flora, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and bitter taste receptors. Collectively, these regulatory mechanisms enhance insulin sensitivity, stimulate insulin secretion, and boost energy expenditure. This review aims to comprehensively explore the interplay between bile acid metabolism and T2DM, focusing on primary regulatory pathways. By examining the latest advancements in our understanding of these interactions, we aim to illuminate potential therapeutic strategies and identify areas for future research. Additionally, this review critically assesses current research limitations to contribute to the effective management of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisen Hou
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710018, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhe Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Heyue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxin Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Meng
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710018, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Zanella D, Smith NK, Hardaway JA, Buchanan AM, Mullins CH, Galli A, Carter AM. Bile acids modulate reinstatement of cocaine conditioned place preference and accumbal dopamine dynamics without compromising appetitive learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13359. [PMID: 37591972 PMCID: PMC10435481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychostimulants target the dopamine transporter (DAT) to elicit their psychomotor actions. Bile acids (BAs) can also bind to DAT and reduce behavioral responses to cocaine, suggesting a potential therapeutic application of BAs in psychostimulant use disorder. Here, we investigate the potential of BAs to decrease drug-primed reinstatement when administered during an abstinence phase. To do this, after successful development of cocaine-associated contextual place preference (cocaine CPP), cocaine administration was terminated, and animals treated with vehicle or obeticholic acid (OCA). When preference for the cocaine-associated context was extinguished, mice were challenged with a single priming dose of cocaine, and reinstatement of cocaine-associated contextual preference was measured. Animals treated with OCA demonstrate a significantly lower reinstatement for cocaine CPP. OCA also impairs the ability of cocaine to reduce the clearance rate of electrically stimulated dopamine release and diminishes the area under the curve (AUC) observed with amperometry. Furthermore, the AUC of the amperometric signal positively correlates with the reinstatement index. Using operant feeding devices, we demonstrate that OCA has no effect on contextual learning or motivation for natural rewards. These data highlight OCA as a potential therapeutic for cocaine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Zanella
- Department of Surgery, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Nicholas K Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - J Andrew Hardaway
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Anna Marie Buchanan
- Department of Surgery, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Clarence H Mullins
- Department of Surgery, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Aurelio Galli
- Department of Surgery, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Center for Inter-Systemic Networks and Enteric Medical Advances (UAB CINEMA), Birmingham, USA
| | - Angela M Carter
- Department of Surgery, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
- Center for Inter-Systemic Networks and Enteric Medical Advances (UAB CINEMA), Birmingham, USA.
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Romanazzi T, Zanella D, Bhatt M, Di Iacovo A, Galli A, Bossi E. Bile acid interactions with neurotransmitter transporters. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1161930. [PMID: 37180953 PMCID: PMC10169653 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1161930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesized in the liver from cholesterol, the bile acids (BAs) primary role is emulsifying fats to facilitate their absorption. BAs can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and be synthesized in the brain. Recent evidence suggests a role for BAs in the gut-brain signaling by modulating the activity of various neuronal receptors and transporters, including the dopamine transporter (DAT). In this study, we investigated the effects of BAs and their relationship with substrates in three transporters of the solute carrier 6 family. The exposure to obeticholic acid (OCA), a semi-synthetic BA, elicits an inward current (IBA) in the DAT, the GABA transporter 1 (GAT1), and the glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1b); this current is proportional to the current generated by the substrate, respective to the transporter. Interestingly, a second consecutive OCA application to the transporter fails to elicit a response. The full displacement of BAs from the transporter occurs only after exposure to a saturating concentration of a substrate. In DAT, perfusion of secondary substrates norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) results in a second OCA current, decreased in amplitude and proportional to their affinity. Moreover, co-application of 5-HT or NE with OCA in DAT, and GABA with OCA in GAT1, did not alter the apparent affinity or the Imax, similar to what was previously reported in DAT in the presence of DA and OCA. The findings support the previous molecular model that suggested the ability of BAs to lock the transporter in an occluded conformation. The physiological significance is that it could possibly avoid the accumulation of small depolarizations in the cells expressing the neurotransmitter transporter. This achieves better transport efficiency in the presence of a saturating concentration of the neurotransmitter and enhances the action of the neurotransmitter on their receptors when they are present at reduced concentrations due to decreased availability of transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Romanazzi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Ph.D. School in Experimental and Translational Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Daniele Zanella
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Manan Bhatt
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Ph.D. School in Experimental and Translational Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Angela Di Iacovo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Ph.D. School in Experimental and Translational Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Aurelio Galli
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Elena Bossi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Center for Research in Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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10
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Albaugh VL, He Y, Münzberg H, Morrison CD, Yu S, Berthoud HR. Regulation of body weight: Lessons learned from bariatric surgery. Mol Metab 2023; 68:101517. [PMID: 35644477 PMCID: PMC9938317 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric or weight loss surgery is currently the most effective treatment for obesity and metabolic disease. Unlike dieting and pharmacology, its beneficial effects are sustained over decades in most patients, and mortality is among the lowest for major surgery. Because there are not nearly enough surgeons to implement bariatric surgery on a global scale, intensive research efforts have begun to identify its mechanisms of action on a molecular level in order to replace surgery with targeted behavioral or pharmacological treatments. To date, however, there is no consensus as to the critical mechanisms involved. SCOPE OF REVIEW The purpose of this non-systematic review is to evaluate the existing evidence for specific molecular and inter-organ signaling pathways that play major roles in bariatric surgery-induced weight loss and metabolic benefits, with a focus on Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), in both humans and rodents. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Gut-brain communication and its brain targets of food intake control and energy balance regulation are complex and redundant. Although the relatively young science of bariatric surgery has generated a number of hypotheses, no clear and unique mechanism has yet emerged. It seems increasingly likely that the broad physiological and behavioral effects produced by bariatric surgery do not involve a single mechanism, but rather multiple signaling pathways. Besides a need to improve and better validate surgeries in animals, advanced techniques, including inducible, tissue-specific knockout models, and the use of humanized physiological traits will be necessary. State-of-the-art genetically-guided neural identification techniques should be used to more selectively manipulate function-specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vance L Albaugh
- Translational and Integrative Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Research Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Yanlin He
- Brain Glycemic and Metabolism Control Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Heike Münzberg
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Christopher D Morrison
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Sangho Yu
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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11
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Feris F, McRae A, Kellogg TA, McKenzie T, Ghanem O, Acosta A. Mucosal and hormonal adaptations after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2023; 19:37-49. [PMID: 36243547 PMCID: PMC9797451 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive literature review regarding the relevant hormonal and histologic changes observed after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). We aimed to describe the relevant hormonal (glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2 [GLP-1 and GLP-2], peptide YY [PYY], oxyntomodulin [OXM], bile acids [BA], cholecystokinin [CCK], ghrelin, glucagon, gastric inhibitory polypeptide [GIP], and amylin) profiles, as well as the histologic (mucosal cellular) adaptations happening after patients undergo RYGB. Our review compiles the current evidence and furthers the understanding of the rationale behind the food intake regulatory adaptations occurring after RYGB surgery. We identify gaps in the literature where the potential for future investigations and therapeutics may lie. We performed a comprehensive database search without language restrictions looking for RYGB bariatric surgery outcomes in patients with pre- and postoperative blood work hormonal profiling and/or gut mucosal biopsies. We gathered the relevant study results and describe them in this review. Where human findings were lacking, we included animal model studies. The amalgamation of physiologic, metabolic, and cellular adaptations following RYGB is yet to be fully characterized. This constitutes a fundamental aspiration for enhancing and individualizing obesity therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzi Feris
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alison McRae
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Todd A Kellogg
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Travis McKenzie
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Omar Ghanem
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andres Acosta
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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12
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Lai Y, Dhingra R, Zhang Z, Ball LM, Zylka MJ, Lu K. Toward Elucidating the Human Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis: Molecules, Biochemistry, and Implications for Health and Diseases. Biochemistry 2022; 61:2806-2821. [PMID: 34910469 PMCID: PMC10857864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a substantial amount of data have supported an active role of gut microbiota in mediating mammalian brain function and health. Mining gut microbiota and their metabolites for neuroprotection is enticing but requires that the fundamental biochemical details underlying such microbiota-brain crosstalk be deciphered. While a neuronal gut-brain axis (through the vagus nerve) is not disputable, accumulating studies also point to a humoral route (via blood/lymphatic circulation) by which innumerable microbial molecular cues translocate from local gut epithelia to circulation with potentials to further cross the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain. In this Perspective, we review a realm of gut microbial molecules to evaluate their fate, function, and neuroactivities in vivo as mediated by microbiota. We turn to seminal studies of neurophysiology and neurologic disease models for the elucidation of biochemical pathways that link microbiota to gut-brain signaling. In addition, we discuss opportunities and challenges for advancing the microbiota-brain axis field while calling for high-throughput discovery of microbial molecules and studies for resolving the interspecies, interorgan, and interclass interaction among these neuroactive microbial molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjia Lai
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 7431, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Radhika Dhingra
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 7431, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Institute of Environmental Health Solutions, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 7431, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Louise M Ball
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 7431, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mark J Zylka
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carrboro, North Carolina 27510, United States
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 7431, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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13
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Bile acids and neurological disease. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108311. [PMID: 36400238 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review will focus on how bile acids are being used in clinical trials to treat neurological diseases due to their central involvement with the gut-liver-brain axis and their physiological and pathophysiological roles in both normal brain function and multiple neurological diseases. The synthesis of primary and secondary bile acids species and how the regulation of the bile acid pool may differ between the gut and brain is discussed. The expression of several bile acid receptors in brain and their currently known functions along with the tools available to manipulate them pharmacologically are examined, together with discussion of the interaction of bile acids with the gut microbiome and their lesser-known effects upon brain glucose and lipid metabolism. How dysregulation of the gut microbiome, aging and sex differences may lead to disruption of bile acid signalling and possible causal roles in a number of neurological disorders are also considered. Finally, we discuss how pharmacological treatments targeting bile acid receptors are currently being tested in an array of clinical trials for several different neurodegenerative diseases.
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14
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Simpson S, Mclellan R, Wellmeyer E, Matalon F, George O. Drugs and Bugs: The Gut-Brain Axis and Substance Use Disorders. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2022; 17:33-61. [PMID: 34694571 PMCID: PMC9074906 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) represent a significant public health crisis. Worldwide, 5.4% of the global disease burden is attributed to SUDs and alcohol use, and many more use psychoactive substances recreationally. Often associated with comorbidities, SUDs result in changes to both brain function and physiological responses. Mounting evidence calls for a precision approach for the treatment and diagnosis of SUDs, and the gut microbiome is emerging as a contributor to such disorders. Over the last few centuries, modern lifestyles, diets, and medical care have altered the health of the microbes that live in and on our bodies; as we develop, our diets and lifestyle dictate which microbes flourish and which microbes vanish. An increase in antibiotic treatments, with many antibiotic interventions occurring early in life during the microbiome's normal development, transforms developing microbial communities. Links have been made between the microbiome and SUDs, and the microbiome and conditions that are often comorbid with SUDs such as anxiety, depression, pain, and stress. A better understanding of the mechanisms influencing behavioral changes and drug use is critical in developing novel treatments for SUDSs. Targeting the microbiome as a therapeutic and diagnostic tool is a promising avenue of exploration. This review will provide an overview of the role of the gut-brain axis in a wide range of SUDs, discuss host and microbe pathways that mediate changes in the brain's response to drugs, and the microbes and related metabolites that impact behavior and health within the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, US.
| | - Rio Mclellan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, US
| | - Emma Wellmeyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, US
| | - Frederic Matalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, US
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, US
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15
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Albaugh VL. Comment on: Measures of glucose homeostasis during and after duodenal exclusion using a duodenal-jejunal bypass liner in a normal glycemic, nonobese canine model. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2022; 18:702-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Berland C, Castel J, Terrasi R, Montalban E, Foppen E, Martin C, Muccioli GG, Luquet S, Gangarossa G. Identification of an endocannabinoid gut-brain vagal mechanism controlling food reward and energy homeostasis. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2340-2354. [PMID: 35075269 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01428-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of food intake, a sine qua non requirement for survival, thoroughly shapes feeding and energy balance by integrating both homeostatic and hedonic values of food. Unfortunately, the widespread access to palatable food has led to the development of feeding habits that are independent from metabolic needs. Among these, binge eating (BE) is characterized by uncontrolled voracious eating. While reward deficit seems to be a major contributor of BE, the physiological and molecular underpinnings of BE establishment remain elusive. Here, we combined a physiologically relevant BE mouse model with multiscale in vivo approaches to explore the functional connection between the gut-brain axis and the reward and homeostatic brain structures. Our results show that BE elicits compensatory adaptations requiring the gut-to-brain axis which, through the vagus nerve, relies on the permissive actions of peripheral endocannabinoids (eCBs) signaling. Selective inhibition of peripheral CB1 receptors resulted in a vagus-dependent increased hypothalamic activity, modified metabolic efficiency, and dampened activity of mesolimbic dopamine circuit, altogether leading to the suppression of palatable eating. We provide compelling evidence for a yet unappreciated physiological integrative mechanism by which variations of peripheral eCBs control the activity of the vagus nerve, thereby in turn gating the additive responses of both homeostatic and hedonic brain circuits which govern homeostatic and reward-driven feeding. In conclusion, we reveal that vagus-mediated eCBs/CB1R functions represent an interesting and innovative target to modulate energy balance and counteract food-reward disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Berland
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Julien Castel
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Romano Terrasi
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Enrica Montalban
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Claire Martin
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Luquet
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Giuseppe Gangarossa
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013, Paris, France.
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17
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Hanssen R, Thanarajah SE, Tittgemeyer M, Brüning JC. Obesity - A Matter of Motivation? Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2022; 130:290-295. [PMID: 35181879 PMCID: PMC9286865 DOI: 10.1055/a-1749-4852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Excessive food intake and reduced physical activity have long been established as
primary causes of obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms causing this
unhealthy behavior characterized by heightened motivation for food but not for
physical effort are unclear. Despite the common unjustified stigmatization that
obesity is a result of laziness and lack of discipline, it is becoming
increasingly clear that high-fat diet feeding and obesity cause alterations in
brain circuits that are critical for the control of motivational behavior. In this mini-review, we provide a comprehensive overview of incentive motivation,
its neural encoding in the dopaminergic mesolimbic system as well as its
metabolic modulation with a focus on derangements of incentive motivation in
obesity. We further discuss the emerging field of metabolic interventions to
counteract motivational deficits and their potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Hanssen
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetology and Preventive Medicine (PEPD), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sharmili E Thanarajah
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marc Tittgemeyer
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetology and Preventive Medicine (PEPD), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
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18
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Colon-Perez L, Montesinos J, Monsivais M. The Future of Neuroimaging and Gut-Brain Axis Research for Substance Use Disorders. Brain Res 2022; 1781:147835. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Ma Y, Wu H, Wang H, Chen F, Xie Z, Zhang Z, Peng Q, Yang J, Zhou Y, Chen C, Chen M, Zhang Y, Yu J, Wang K. Psychiatric Comorbidities and Liver Injury Are Associated With Unbalanced Plasma Bile Acid Profile During Methamphetamine Withdrawal. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 12:801686. [PMID: 35046900 PMCID: PMC8761939 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.801686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of methamphetamine usedisorders (MUDs) remains largely unknown; however, bile acids may play arole as potential mediators of liver injury and psychiatric comorbidities.The aim of this study was to characterize bile acid (BA) profiles in plasmaof patients with MUDs undergoing withdrawal. Methods Liver functions and psychiatric symptoms wereevaluated in a retrospective cohort (30 MUDs versus 30 control subjects) andan exploratory cohort (30 MUDs including 10 subjects each at the 7-day,3-month, and 12-month withdrawal stages versus 10 control subjects). BAcompositions in plasma samples from MUD patients in the exploratory cohortwere determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Results Both psychiatric comorbidities andmethamphetamine-induced liver injury were observed in patients in both MUDcohorts. The plasma concentrations of the total BA, cholic acid (CA), andchenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) were lower in MUD patients relative tocontrols. The maximum decline was observed at the 3-month stage, withgradual recovery at the 12-month stage. Notably, the ratios of deoxycholicacid (DCA)/CA and lithocholic acid (LCA)/CDCA were statistically significantat the 3-month stage comparing with controls. Significant correlations werefound between the LCA/CDCA and taurolithocholic acid (TLCA)/CDCA ratios andthe levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase, andbetween the LCA/CDCA ratio and the HAM-A score. Conclusion BA profile during METH withdrawal weremarkedly altered, with these unbalanced BAs being associated with liverinjury. The associations between BA profiles and psychiatric symptomssuggest an association between specific BAs and disease progression,possibly through the liver-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Ma
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongjin Wu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Huawei Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fengrong Chen
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenrong Xie
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zunyue Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Qingyan Peng
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiqing Yang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yongjin Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Juehua Yu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Kunhua Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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20
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Fu X, Chen T, Cai J, Liu B, Zeng Y, Zhang X. The Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis, a Potential Therapeutic Target for Substance-Related Disorders. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:738401. [PMID: 34690981 PMCID: PMC8526971 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.738401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance addiction is a complex worldwide public health problem. It endangers both personal life and social stability, causing great loss on economy. Substance-related disorder is considered to be a complicated chronic brain disorder. It resulted from interactions among pharmacological properties of addictive substances, individual susceptibility, and social–environmental factors. Unfortunately, there is still no ideal treatment for this disorder. Recent lines of evidence suggest that gut microbiome may play an important role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, including substance-related disorders. This review summarizes the research on the relationship between gut microbiome and substance-related disorders, including different types of substance, different individual susceptibility, and the occurrence and development of substance-induced mental disorders. We also discuss the potentiation of gut microbiome in the treatment of substance-related disorders, especially in the treatment of substance-induced mental disorders and manipulation on individuals’ responsiveness to addictive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ti Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingda Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaohui Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
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21
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Brown RM, Guerrero-Hreins E, Brown WA, le Roux CW, Sumithran P. Potential gut-brain mechanisms behind adverse mental health outcomes of bariatric surgery. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:549-559. [PMID: 34262156 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery induces sustained weight loss and metabolic benefits via notable effects on the gut-brain axis that lead to alterations in the neuroendocrine regulation of appetite and glycaemia. However, in a subset of patients, bariatric surgery is associated with adverse effects on mental health, including increased risk of suicide or self-harm as well as the emergence of depression and substance use disorders. The contributing factors behind these adverse effects are not well understood. Accumulating evidence indicates that there are important links between gut-derived hormones, microbial and bile acid profiles, and disorders of mood and substance use, which warrant further exploration in the context of changes in gut-brain signalling after bariatric surgery. Understanding the basis of these adverse effects is essential in order to optimize the health and well-being of people undergoing treatment for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn M Brown
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eva Guerrero-Hreins
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wendy A Brown
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carel W le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Priya Sumithran
- Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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22
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Lucerne KE, Osman A, Meckel KR, Kiraly DD. Contributions of neuroimmune and gut-brain signaling to vulnerability of developing substance use disorders. Neuropharmacology 2021; 192:108598. [PMID: 33965398 PMCID: PMC8220934 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiology and clinical research indicate that only a subset of people who are exposed to drugs of abuse will go on to develop a substance use disorder. Numerous factors impact individual susceptibility to developing a substance use disorder, including intrinsic biological factors, environmental factors, and interpersonal/social factors. Given the extensive morbidity and mortality that is wrought as a consequence of substance use disorders, a substantial body of research has focused on understanding the risk factors that mediate the shift from initial drug use to pathological drug use. Understanding these risk factors provides a clear path for the development of risk mitigation strategies to help reduce the burden of substance use disorders in the population. Here we will review the rapidly growing body of literature that examines the importance of interactions between the peripheral immune system, the gut microbiome, and the central nervous system (CNS) in mediating the transition to pathological drug use. While these systems had long been viewed as distinct, there is growing evidence that there is bidirectional communication between both the immune system and the gut microbiome that drive changes in neural and behavioral plasticity relevant to substance use disorders. Further, both of these systems are highly sensitive to environmental perturbations and are implicated in numerous neuropsychiatric conditions. While the field of study examining these interactions in substance use disorders is in its relative infancy, clarifying the relationship between gut-immune-brain signaling and substance use disorders has potential to improve our understanding of individual propensity to developing addiction and yield important insight into potential treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E Lucerne
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aya Osman
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine R Meckel
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Drew D Kiraly
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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23
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Wang H, Tan YZ, Mu RH, Tang SS, Liu X, Xing SY, Long Y, Yuan DH, Hong H. Takeda G Protein-Coupled Receptor 5 Modulates Depression-like Behaviors via Hippocampal CA3 Pyramidal Neurons Afferent to Dorsolateral Septum. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:1084-1095. [PMID: 33536132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) is recognized as a promising target for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome; its expression has been demonstrated in the brain and is thought to be neuroprotective. Here, we hypothesize that dysfunction of central TGR5 may contribute to the pathogenesis of depression. METHODS In well-established chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) and chronic restraint stress (CRS) models of depression, we investigated the functional roles of TGR5 in CA3 pyramidal neurons (PyNs) and underlying mechanisms of the neuronal circuit in depression (for in vivo studies, n = 10; for in vitro studies, n = 5-10) using fiber photometry; optogenetic, chemogenetic, pharmacological, and molecular profiling techniques; and behavioral tests. RESULTS Both CSDS and CRS most significantly reduced TGR5 expression of hippocampal CA3 PyNs. Genetic overexpression of TGR5 in CA3 PyNs or intra-CA3 infusion of INT-777, a specific agonist, protected against CSDS and CRS, exerting significant antidepressant-like effects that were mediated via CA3 PyN activation. Conversely, genetic knockout or TGR5 knockdown in CA3 facilitated stress-induced depression-like behaviors. Re-expression of TGR5 in CA3 PyNs rather than infusion of INT-777 significantly improved depression-like behaviors in Tgr5 knockout mice exposed to CSDS or CRS. Silencing and stimulation of CA3 PyNs→somatostatin-GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acidergic) neurons of the dorsolateral septum circuit bidirectionally regulated depression-like behaviors, and blockade of this circuit abrogated the antidepressant-like effects from TGR5 activation of CA3 PyNs. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that TGR5 can regulate depression via CA3 PyNs→somatostatin-GABAergic neurons of dorsolateral septum transmission, suggesting that TGR5 could be a novel target for developing antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong-Hao Mu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Su-Su Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Yun Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan-Hua Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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24
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Qin C, Hu J, Wan Y, Cai M, Wang Z, Peng Z, Liao Y, Li D, Yao P, Liu L, Rong S, Bao W, Xu G, Yang W. Narrative review on potential role of gut microbiota in certain substance addiction. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110093. [PMID: 32898589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As a neuropsychiatric disorder, substance addiction represents a major public health issue with high prevalence and mortality in many countries. Recently, gut microbiota has been certified to play a part in substance addiction through various mechanisms. Hence, we mainly focused on three substance including alcohol, cocaine and methamphetamine in this review, and summarized their relationships with gut microbiota, respectively. Besides, we also concluded the possible treatments for substance addiction from the perspective of applying gut microbiota. This review aims to build a bridge between substance addiction and gut microbiota according to existing evidences, so as to excavate the possible bi-directional function of microbiota-gut-brain axis in substance addiction for developing therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Yiming Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyao Cai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenting Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxiao Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Rong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Guifeng Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA; Center for Disabilities and Development, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China.
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25
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Romanazzi T, Zanella D, Cheng MH, Smith B, Carter AM, Galli A, Bahar I, Bossi E. Bile Acids Gate Dopamine Transporter Mediated Currents. Front Chem 2021; 9:753990. [PMID: 34957043 PMCID: PMC8702627 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.753990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are molecules derived from cholesterol that are involved in dietary fat absorption. New evidence supports an additional role for BAs as regulators of brain function. Sterols such as cholesterol interact with monoamine transporters, including the dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) which plays a key role in DA neurotransmission and reward. This study explores the interactions of the BA, obeticholic acid (OCA), with DAT and characterizes the regulation of DAT activity via both electrophysiology and molecular modeling. We expressed murine DAT (mDAT) in Xenopus laevis oocytes and confirmed its functionality. Next, we showed that OCA promotes a DAT-mediated inward current that is Na+-dependent and not regulated by intracellular calcium. The current induced by OCA was transient in nature, returning to baseline in the continued presence of the BA. OCA also transiently blocked the DAT-mediated Li+-leak current, a feature that parallels DA action and indicates direct binding to the transporter in the absence of Na+. Interestingly, OCA did not alter DA affinity nor the ability of DA to promote a DAT-mediated inward current, suggesting that the interaction of OCA with the transporter is non-competitive, regarding DA. Docking simulations performed for investigating the molecular mechanism of OCA action on DAT activity revealed two potential binding sites. First, in the absence of DA, OCA binds DAT through interactions with D421, a residue normally involved in coordinating the binding of the Na+ ion to the Na2 binding site (Borre et al., J. Biol. Chem., 2014, 289, 25764-25773; Cheng and Bahar, Structure, 2015, 23, 2171-2181). Furthermore, we uncover a separate binding site for OCA on DAT, of equal potential functional impact, that is coordinated by the DAT residues R445 and D436. Binding to that site may stabilize the inward-facing (IF) open state by preventing the re-formation of the IF-gating salt bridges, R60-D436 and R445-E428, that are required for DA transport. This study suggests that BAs may represent novel pharmacological tools to regulate DAT function, and possibly, associated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Romanazzi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Daniele Zanella
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mary Hongying Cheng
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Behrgen Smith
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Biomolecular Engineering, Milwaukee School of Engineering, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Angela M Carter
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Aurelio Galli
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Elena Bossi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Center for Research in Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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26
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Zhang J, Yang J, Yang C, Chen T, Wang Z, Li J, Qin F, Deng Q, Zhang X. Sensitivity to Morphine Reward Associates With Gut Dysbiosis in Rats With Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:631. [PMID: 33005148 PMCID: PMC7484999 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has been found to establish a bidirectional relationship with the central nervous system. Variations of the gut microbiota has been implicated in various mental disorders, including opioid use disorders. Morphine exposure has been repeatedly found to disrupt the gut microbiota, but association between the gut microbiota and the sensitivity to morphine reward remains unknown. In this study the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm was used for morphine-treated rats and saline-treated rats. After the CPP procedure, the morphine-treated rats were divided equally into the low and high CPP (L- and H-CPP) groups according to the CPP scores. We adopted 16S rRNA sequencing for the fecal bacterial communities at baseline and post-conditioning. By comparing the morphine-treated group with saline-treated group, we found alterations of microbial composition in the morphine-treated group, but no significant differences in alpha diversity. The L-CPP group and H-CPP group differed in microbial composition both before and after morphine treatment. The relative abundance of certain taxa was correlated to the CPP scores, such as Alloprevotella and Romboutsia. This study provides direct evidence that morphine exposure alters the composition of the gut microbiota in rats and that microbial alterations are correlated to the sensitivity to morphine reward. These findings may help develop novel therapeutic and preventive strategies for opioid use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinic Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinic Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinic Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ti Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinic Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junyi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinic Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fanglin Qin
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinic Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qijian Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinic Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinic Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
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27
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Caspani G, Swann J. Small talk: microbial metabolites involved in the signaling from microbiota to brain. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 48:99-106. [PMID: 31525562 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The wealth of biotransformational capabilities encoded in the microbiome expose the host to an array of bioactive xenobiotic products. Several of these metabolites participate in the communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system and have potential to modulate central physiological and pathological processes. This biochemical interplay can occur through various direct and indirect mechanisms. These include binding to host receptors in the brain, stimulation of the vagus nerve in the gut, alteration of central neurotransmission, and modulation of neuroinflammation. Here, the potential for short chain fatty acids, bile acids, neurotransmitters and other bioactive products of the microbiome to participate in the gut-brain axis will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Caspani
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.
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28
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Flynn CR, Albaugh VL, Abumrad NN. Metabolic Effects of Bile Acids: Potential Role in Bariatric Surgery. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 8:235-246. [PMID: 31075353 PMCID: PMC6664228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is the most effective and durable treatment for morbid obesity, with an unexplained yet beneficial side effect of restoring insulin sensitivity and improving glycemia, often before weight loss is observed. Among the many contributing mechanisms often cited, the altered handling of intestinal bile acids is of considerable therapeutic interest. Here, we review a growing body of literature examining the metabolic effects of bile acids ranging from their physical roles in dietary fat handling within the intestine to their functions as endocrine and paracrine hormones in potentiating responses to bariatric surgery. The roles of 2 important bile acid receptors, Takeda G-protein coupled receptor (also known as G-protein coupled bile acid receptor) and farnesoid X receptor, are highlighted as is downstream signaling through glucagon-like polypeptide 1 and its cognate receptor. Additional improvements in other phenotypes and potential contributions of commensal gut bacteria, such as Akkermansia muciniphila, which are manifest after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and other emulations, such as gallbladder bile diversion to the ileum, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R. Flynn
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Charles R. Flynn, PhD, 1161 21st Avenue S, CCC-2308 MCN, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2730. fax: (615) 343-6456.
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29
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A potential role for the gut microbiome in substance use disorders. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1513-1530. [PMID: 30982128 PMCID: PMC6599482 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathological substance use disorders represent a major public health crisis with limited effective treatment options. While much work has been done to understand the neuronal signaling networks and intracellular signaling cascades associated with prolonged drug use, these studies have yielded few successful treatment options for substance use disorders. In recent years, there has been a growing interest to explore interactions between the peripheral immune system, the gut microbiome, and the CNS. In this review, we will present a summary of existing evidence, suggesting a potential role for gut dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of substance use disorders. Clinical evidence of gut dysbiosis in human subjects with substance use disorder and preclinical evidence of gut dysbiosis in animal models of drug addiction are discussed in detail. Additionally, we examine how changes in the gut microbiome and its metabolites may not only be a consequence of substance use disorders but may in fact play a role in mediating behavioral response to drugs of abuse. While much work still needs to be done, understanding the interplay of gut microbiome in substance use disorders may offer a promising avenue for future therapeutic development.
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30
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Albaugh VL, Banan B, Antoun J, Xiong Y, Guo Y, Ping J, Alikhan M, Clements BA, Abumrad NN, Flynn CR. Role of Bile Acids and GLP-1 in Mediating the Metabolic Improvements of Bariatric Surgery. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:1041-1051.e4. [PMID: 30445014 PMCID: PMC6409186 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Bile diversion to the ileum (GB-IL) has strikingly similar metabolic and satiating effects to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in rodent obesity models. The metabolic benefits of these procedures are thought to be mediated by increased bile acids, although parallel changes in body weight and other confounding variables limit this interpretation. METHODS Global G protein-coupled bile acid receptor-1 null (Tgr5-/-) and intestinal-specific farnesoid X receptor null (FxrΔ/E) mice on high-fat diet as well as wild-type C57BL/6 and glucagon-like polypeptide 1 receptor deficient (Glp-1r-/-) mice on chow diet were characterized following GB-IL. RESULTS GB-IL induced weight loss and improved oral glucose tolerance in Tgr5-/-, but not FxrΔ/E mice fed a high-fat diet, suggesting a role for intestinal Fxr. GB-IL in wild-type, chow-fed mice prompted weight-independent improvements in glycemia and glucose tolerance secondary to augmented insulin responsiveness. Improvements were concomitant with increased levels of lymphatic GLP-1 in the fasted state and increased levels of intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila. Improvements in fasting glycemia after GB-IL were mitigated with exendin-9, a GLP-1 receptor antagonist, or cholestyramine, a bile acid sequestrant. The glucoregulatory effects of GB-IL were lost in whole-body Glp-1r-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Bile diversion to the ileum improves glucose homeostasis via an intestinal Fxr-Glp-1 axis. Altered intestinal bile acid availability, independent of weight loss, and intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila appear to mediate the metabolic changes observed after bariatric surgery and might be manipulated for treatment of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vance L. Albaugh
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Babak Banan
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Joseph Antoun
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Yanhua Xiong
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jie Ping
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Muhammed Alikhan
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Naji N. Abumrad
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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