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Ghosh A, Ribeiro-Rodrigues L, Ruffolo G, Alfano V, Domingos C, Rei N, Tosh DK, Rombo DM, Morais TP, Valente CA, Xapelli S, Bordadágua B, Rainha-Campos A, Bentes C, Aronica E, Diógenes MJ, Vaz SH, Ribeiro JA, Palma E, Jacobson KA, Sebastião AM. Selective modulation of epileptic tissue by an adenosine A 3 receptor-activating drug. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 39300608 DOI: 10.1111/bph.17319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adenosine, through the A1 receptor (A1R), is an endogenous anticonvulsant. The development of adenosine receptor agonists as antiseizure medications has been hampered by their cardiac side effects. A moderately A1R-selective agonist, MRS5474, has been reported to suppress seizures without considerable cardiac action. Hypothesizing that this drug could act through other than A1R and/or through a disease-specific mechanism, we assessed the effect of MRS5474 on the hippocampus. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Excitatory synaptic currents, field potentials, spontaneous activity, [3H]GABA uptake and GABAergic currents were recorded from rodent or human hippocampal tissue. Alterations in adenosine A3 receptor (A3R) density in human tissue were assessed by Western blot. KEY RESULTS MRS5474 (50-500 nM) was devoid of effect upon rodent excitatory synaptic signals in hippocampal slices, except when hyperexcitability was previously induced in vivo or ex vivo. MRS5474 inhibited GABA transporter type 1 (GAT-1)-mediated γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake, an action not blocked by an A1R antagonist but blocked by an A3R antagonist and mimicked by an A3R agonist. A3R was overexpressed in human hippocampal tissue samples from patients with epilepsy that had focal resection from surgery. MRS5474 induced a concentration-dependent potentiation of GABA-evoked currents in oocytes micro-transplanted with human hippocampal membranes prepared from epileptic hippocampal tissue but not from non-epileptic tissue, an action blocked by an A3R antagonist. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We identified a drug that activates A3R and has selective actions on epileptic hippocampal tissue. This underscores A3R as a promising target for the development of antiseizure medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Ghosh
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leonor Ribeiro-Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gabriele Ruffolo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cátia Domingos
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nádia Rei
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Diogo M Rombo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tatiana P Morais
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Cláudia A Valente
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Bordadágua
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Rainha-Campos
- Centro de Referência para a área da Epilepsia Refratária (ERN EpiCARE Member), CHULN, Lisbon, Portugal
- Serviço de Neurologia, CHULN, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Bentes
- Centro de Referência para a área da Epilepsia Refratária (ERN EpiCARE Member), CHULN, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de EEG/Sono-Unidade de Monitorização Neurofisiológica, Serviço de Neurologia, CHULN, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - Maria José Diógenes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim A Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eleonora Palma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Wang Y, Chang J, Qiao S, Yang Y, Yun C, Li Y, Wang F. Salvianolic acid B attenuates diabetic nephropathy through alleviating ADORA2B, NALP3 in flammasome, and NFκB activity. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:318-330. [PMID: 38070193 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes. This study is aimed at investigating the role and mechanisms of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) in diabetic nephropathy. High glucose (HG)-induced human renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells were treated with Sal B, BAY-60-6583 (agonist of adenosine 2B receptor), or PSB-603 (antagonist of adenosine 2B receptor) for 24 h. Adenosine A2b receptor (ADORA2B), NACHT, leucine-rich repeat (LRR), and pyrin (PYD) domains-containing protein 3 (NALP3), and nuclear factor Kappa B (NFκB) expressions, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were examined. Following 6 weeks of Sal B treatment, db/db mice blood and kidney tissue were harvested for biochemical detection with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Masson's, periodic acid schiff (PAS), and Sirius red staining and detection of ADORA2B, NALP3, NFκB, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activity. NFκB, NALP3, and ADORA2B were found to be downregulated in Sal B treated HK-2 cells exposed to high glucose (HG), accompanied by elevated levels of MMPs and reduced intracellular ROS production. Sal B-treated diabetic mice had the improvement in body weight, water intake, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and liver and kidney function. Altogether, Sal B attenuates HG-induced kidney tubule cell injury and diabetic nephropathy in diabetic mice, providing clues to other novel mechanisms by which Sal B is beneficial in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
| | - Shubin Qiao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Chuan Yun
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
| | - Yongyan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
| | - Fa Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
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3
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Kim W, Kim M, Kim B. Unraveling the enigma: housekeeping gene Ugt1a7c as a universal biomarker for microglia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1364201. [PMID: 38666091 PMCID: PMC11043603 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1364201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia, brain resident macrophages, play multiple roles in maintaining homeostasis, including immunity, surveillance, and protecting the central nervous system through their distinct activation processes. Identifying all types of microglia-driven populations is crucial due to the presence of various phenotypes that differ based on developmental stages or activation states. During embryonic development, the E8.5 yolk sac contains erythromyeloid progenitors that go through different growth phases, eventually resulting in the formation of microglia. In addition, microglia are present in neurological diseases as a diverse population. So far, no individual biomarker for microglia has been discovered that can accurately identify and monitor their development and attributes. Summary Here, we highlight the newly defined biomarker of mouse microglia, UGT1A7C, which exhibits superior stability in expression during microglia development and activation compared to other known microglia biomarkers. The UGT1A7C sensing chemical probe labels all microglia in the 3xTG AD mouse model. The expression of Ugt1a7c is stable during development, with only a 4-fold variation, while other microglia biomarkers, such as Csf1r and Cx3cr1, exhibit at least a 10-fold difference. The UGT1A7C expression remains constant throughout its lifespan. In addition, the expression and activity of UGT1A7C are the same in response to different types of inflammatory activators' treatment in vitro. Conclusion We propose employing UGT1A7C as the representative biomarker for microglia, irrespective of their developmental state, age, or activation status. Using UGT1A7C can reduce the requirement for using multiple biomarkers, enhance the precision of microglia analysis, and even be utilized as a standard for gene/protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beomsue Kim
- Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Xiao C, Gavrilova O, Liu N, Lewicki SA, Reitman ML, Jacobson KA. In vivo phenotypic validation of adenosine receptor-dependent activity of non-adenosine drugs. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:551-564. [PMID: 36781825 PMCID: PMC10539256 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Some non-adenosinergic drugs are reported to also act through adenosine receptors (ARs). We used mouse hypothermia, which can be induced by agonism at any of the four ARs, as an in vivo screen for adenosinergic effects. An AR contribution was identified when a drug caused hypothermia in wild type mice that was diminished in mice lacking all four ARs (quadruple knockout, QKO). Alternatively, an adenosinergic effect was identified if a drug potentiated adenosine-induced hypothermia. Four drugs (dipyridamole, nimodipine, cilostazol, cyclosporin A) increased the hypothermia caused by adenosine. Dipyridamole and nimodipine probably achieved this by inhibition of adenosine clearance via ENT1. Two drugs (cannabidiol, canrenoate) did not cause hypothermia in wild type mice. Four other drugs (nifedipine, ranolazine, ketamine, ethanol) caused hypothermia, but the hypothermia was unchanged in QKO mice indicating non-adenosinergic mechanisms. Zinc chloride caused hypothermia and hypoactivity; the hypoactivity was blunted in the QKO mice. Interestingly, the antidepressant amitriptyline caused hypothermia in wild type mice that was amplified in the QKO mice. Thus, we have identified adenosine-related effects for some drugs, while other candidates do not affect adenosine signaling by this in vivo assay. The adenosine-modulating drugs could be considered for repurposing based on predicted effects on AR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiying Xiao
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
| | - Naili Liu
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
| | - Sarah A Lewicki
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
| | - Marc L Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA.
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5
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Jacobson KA, Suresh RR, Oliva P. A 2A adenosine receptor agonists, antagonists, inverse agonists and partial agonists. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 170:1-27. [PMID: 37741687 PMCID: PMC10775762 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
The Gs-coupled A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) has been explored extensively as a pharmaceutical target, which has led to numerous clinical trials. However, only one selective A2AAR agonist (regadenoson, Lexiscan) and one selective A2AAR antagonist (istradefylline, Nouriast) have been approved by the FDA, as a pharmacological agent for myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) and as a cotherapy for Parkinson's disease (PD), respectively. Adenosine is widely used in MPI, as Adenoscan. Despite numerous unsuccessful clinical trials, medicinal chemical activity around A2AAR ligands has accelerated recently, particularly through structure-based drug design. New drug-like A2AAR antagonists for PD and cancer immunotherapy have been identified, and many clinical trials have ensued. For example, imaradenant (AZD4635), a compound that was designed computationally, based on A2AAR X-ray structures and biophysical mapping. Mixed A2AAR/A2BAR antagonists are also hopeful for cancer treatment. A2AAR antagonists may also have potential as neuroprotective agents for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - R Rama Suresh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Paola Oliva
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Fu K, Hui C, Wang X, Ji T, Li X, Sun R, Xing C, Fan X, Gao Y, Su L. Torpor-like Hypothermia Induced by A1 Adenosine Receptor Agonist: A Novel Approach to Protect against Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11036. [PMID: 37446216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothermia is a promising clinical therapy for acute injuries, including neural damage, but it also faces practical limitations due to the complexities of the equipment and procedures required. This study investigates the use of the A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) agonist N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) as a more accessible method to induce steady, torpor-like hypothermic states. Additionally, this study investigates the protective potential of CHA against LPS-induced sepsis and neuroinflammation. Our results reveal that CHA can successfully induce a hypothermic state by activating a neuronal circuit similar to the one that induces physiological torpor. This state is characterized by maintaining a steady core body temperature below 28 °C. We further found that this torpor-like state effectively mitigates neuroinflammation and preserves the integrity of the blood-brain barrier during sepsis, thereby limiting the infiltration of inflammatory factors into the central nervous system. Instead of being a direct effect of CHA, this protective effect is attributed to inhibiting pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages and reducing oxidative stress damage in endothelial cells under systemic hypothermia. These results suggest that A1AR agonists such as CHA could potentially be potent neuroprotective agents against neuroinflammation. They also shed light on possible future directions for the application of hypothermia-based therapies in the treatment of sepsis and other neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chunlei Hui
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Tingting Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiuqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chunlei Xing
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuanqing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Li Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Jacobson KA, Pradhan B, Wen Z, Pramanik A. New paradigms in purinergic receptor ligand discovery. Neuropharmacology 2023; 230:109503. [PMID: 36921890 PMCID: PMC10233512 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and clinical implementation of modulators of adenosine, P2Y and P2X receptors (comprising nineteen subtypes) have progressed dramatically in ∼50 years since Burnstock's definition of purinergic signaling. Although most clinical trials of selective ligands (agonists and antagonists) of certain purinergic receptors failed, there is a renewed impetus to redirect efforts to new disease conditions and the discovery of more selective or targeted compounds with potentially reduced side effects, such as biased GPCR agonists. The elucidation of new receptor and enzyme structures is steering rational design of potent and selective agonists, antagonists, allosteric modulators and inhibitors. A2A adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists are being applied to neurodegenerative conditions and cancer immunotherapy. A3AR agonists have potential for treating chronic inflammation (e.g. psoriasis), stroke and pain, as well as cancer. P2YR modulators are being considered for treating inflammation, metabolic disorders, acute kidney injury, cancer, pain and other conditions, often with an immune mechanism. ADP-activated P2Y12R antagonists are widely used as antithrombotic drugs, while their repurposing toward neuroinflammation is considered. P2X3 antagonists have been in clinical trials for chronic cough. P2X7 antagonists have been in clinical trials for inflammatory diseases and depression (compounds that penetrate the blood-brain barrier). Thus, purinergic signaling is now recognized as an immense regulatory system in the body for rebalancing tissues and organs under stress, which can be adjusted by drug intervention for therapeutic purposes. The lack of success of many previous clinical trials can be overcome given more advanced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic approaches, including structure-based drug design, prodrugs and biased signaling. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Purinergic Signaling: 50 years".
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Balaram Pradhan
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Zhiwei Wen
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Asmita Pramanik
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Launay A, Nebie O, Vijaya Shankara J, Lebouvier T, Buée L, Faivre E, Blum D. The role of adenosine A 2A receptors in Alzheimer's disease and tauopathies. Neuropharmacology 2023; 226:109379. [PMID: 36572177 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine signals through four distinct G protein-coupled receptors that are located at various synapses, cell types and brain areas. Through them, adenosine regulates neuromodulation, neuronal signaling, learning and cognition as well as the sleep-wake cycle, all strongly impacted in neurogenerative disorders, among which Alzheimer's Disease (AD). AD is a complex form of cognitive deficits characterized by two pathological hallmarks: extracellular deposits of aggregated β-amyloid peptides and intraneuronal fibrillar aggregates of hyper- and abnormally phosphorylated Tau proteins. Both lesions contribute to the early dysfunction and loss of synapses which are strongly associated to the development of cognitive decline in AD patients. The present review focuses on the pathophysiological impact of the A2ARs dysregulation observed in cognitive area from AD patients. We are reviewing not only evidence of the cellular changes in A2AR levels in pathological conditions but also describe what is currently known about their consequences in term of synaptic plasticity, neuro-glial miscommunication and memory abilities. We finally summarize the proof-of-concept studies that support A2AR as credible targets and the clinical interest to repurpose adenosine drugs for the treatment of AD and related disorders. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Purinergic Signaling: 50 years".
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Launay
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France
| | - Ouada Nebie
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France
| | - Jhenkruthi Vijaya Shankara
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France
| | - Thibaud Lebouvier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France; CHU Lille, Memory Clinic, Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France
| | - Emilie Faivre
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France
| | - David Blum
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France.
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Ma WX, Yuan PC, Zhang H, Kong LX, Lazarus M, Qu WM, Wang YQ, Huang ZL. Adenosine and P1 receptors: Key targets in the regulation of sleep, torpor, and hibernation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1098976. [PMID: 36969831 PMCID: PMC10036772 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1098976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphical AbstractAdenosine mediates sleep, torpor and hibernation through P1 receptors. Recent reasearch has shown that P1 receptors play a vital role in the regulation of sleep-wake, torpor and hibernation-like states. In this review, we focus on the roles and neurobiological mechanisms of the CNS adenosine and P1 receptors in these three states. Among them, A1 and A2A receptors are key targets for sleep-wake regulation, A1Rs and A3Rs are very important for torpor induction, and activation of A1Rs is sufficient for hibernation-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Chuan Yuan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Ling-Xi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael Lazarus
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-Min Qu, ; Yi-Qun Wang, ; Zhi-Li Huang,
| | - Yi-Qun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-Min Qu, ; Yi-Qun Wang, ; Zhi-Li Huang,
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-Min Qu, ; Yi-Qun Wang, ; Zhi-Li Huang,
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10
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Inotsume M, Chiba T, Matsushima T, Kurimoto R, Nakajima M, Kato T, Shishido K, Liu L, Kawakami K, Asahara H. One-step generation of mice with gene editing by Tol2 transposon-dependent gRNA delivery. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:975-984. [PMID: 36876986 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Conditional knockout mice are valuable tools for examining the functions of targeted genes in a time- and space-specific manner. Here, we generated gene-edited mice by using the Tol2 transposon to introduce guide RNA (gRNA) into fertilized eggs obtained by crossing LSL (loxP-stop-loxP)-CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) mice, which express Cas9 in a Cre-dependent manner, with CAG-CreER mice. Transposase mRNA and plasmid DNA, which contained a gRNA sequence for the gene encoding tyrosinase flanked by the transposase recognition sequence, were injected together into fertilized eggs. As a result, the transcribed gRNA cleaved the target genome in a Cas9-dependent manner. Using this method, it is possible to generate conditional genome-edited mice more easily in a shorter period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Inotsume
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Takahide Matsushima
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Ryota Kurimoto
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Nakajima
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kana Shishido
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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11
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He HY, Shan HZ, Li SQ, Diao RG. Genistein attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury via ADORA2A pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231164913. [PMID: 36932924 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231164913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown oxidative stress and apoptosis are the main pathogenic mechanisms of renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury (IRI). Genistein, a polyphenolic non-steroidal compound, has been extensively explored in oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Our research aims to reveal the potential role of genistein on renal IRI and its potential molecular mechanism both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS In vivo experiments, mice were pretreated with or without genistein. Renal pathological changes and function, cell proliferation, oxidative stress and apoptosis were measured. In vitro experiments, overexpression of ADORA2A and knockout of ADORA2A cells were constructed. Cells proliferation, oxidative stress and apoptosis were analyzed. RESULTS Our results in vivo showed that the renal damage induced by IR was ameliorated by genistein pretreatment. Moreover, ADORA2A was activated by genistein, along with inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis. The results in vitro showed that genistein pretreatment and ADORA2A overexpression reversed the increase of apoptosis and oxidative stress in NRK-52E cells induced by H/R, while the knockdown of ADORA2A partially weakened this reversal from genistein treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that genistein have a protective effect against renal IRI by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis via activating ADORA2A, presenting its potential use for the treatment of renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y He
- Nephrology, 519688Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - H Z Shan
- Department of Pharmacy, 155177Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital(Qingdao Hiser Hospital)Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - S Q Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - R G Diao
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
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12
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Nucleoside transporters and immunosuppressive adenosine signaling in the tumor microenvironment: Potential therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108300. [PMID: 36283452 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine compartmentalization has a profound impact on immune cell function by regulating adenosine localization and, therefore, extracellular signaling capabilities, which suppresses immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment. Nucleoside transporters, responsible for the translocation and cellular compartmentalization of hydrophilic adenosine, represent an understudied yet crucial component of adenosine disposition in the tumor microenvironment. In this review article, we will summarize what is known regarding nucleoside transporter's function within the purinome in relation to currently devised points of intervention (i.e., ectonucleotidases, adenosine receptors) for cancer immunotherapy, alterations in nucleoside transporter expression reported in cancer, and potential avenues for targeting of nucleoside transporters for the desired modulation of adenosine compartmentalization and action. Further, we put forward that nucleoside transporters are an unexplored therapeutic opportunity, and modulation of nucleoside transport processes could attenuate the pathogenic buildup of immunosuppressive adenosine in solid tumors, particularly those enriched with nucleoside transport proteins.
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13
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Proof-of-principle studies on a strategy to enhance nucleotide imbalance specifically in cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:464. [PMID: 36424385 PMCID: PMC9691752 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Highly specific and potent inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), an essential enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine ribonucleotide synthesis pathway, are in clinical trials for autoimmune diseases, viral infections and cancer. However, because DHODH inhibitors (DHODHi) are immunosuppressants they may reduce the anticancer activity of the immune system. Therefore, there may be a need to improve the therapeutic index of DHODHi in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to find strategies to protect activated T cells from DHODHi and to identify cancer types hypersensitive to these inhibitors. First, we observed that like uridine supplementation, adding cytidine to the culture medium protects T cells from DHODH blockage. Next, we identified tumor types with altered expression of pyrimidine ribonucleotide synthesis enzymes. In this regard, we detected that the expression of cytidine deaminase (CDA), which converts cytidine into uridine, is low in an important proportion of cancer cell lines and consistently low in neuroblastoma samples and in cell lines from neuroblastoma and small cell lung carcinoma. This suggested that in the presence of a DHODHi, an excess of cytidine would be deleterious for low CDA expressing cancer cell lines. We show that this was the case (as could be seen almost immediately after treatment) when cells were cultured with fetal bovine serum but, was significantly less evident when cultures contained human serum. One interesting feature of CDA is that aside from acting intracellularly, it is also present in human plasma/serum. Altogether, experiments using recombinant CDA, human serum, pharmacologic inhibition of CDA and T cell/cancer cell co-cultures suggest that the therapeutic index of DHODHi could be improved by selecting patients with low-CDA expressing cancers in combination with strategies to increase cytidine or the cytidine/uridine ratio in the extracellular environment. Collectively, this proof-of-principle study warrants the discovery of agents to deplete extracellular CDA.
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14
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Dewaeles E, Carvalho K, Fellah S, Sim J, Boukrout N, Caillierez R, Ramakrishnan H, Van der Hauwaert C, Vijaya Shankara J, Martin N, Massri N, Launay A, Folger JK, de Schutter C, Larrue R, Loison I, Goujon M, Jung M, Le Gras S, Gomez-Murcia V, Faivre E, Lemaire J, Garat A, Beauval N, Maboudou P, Gnemmi V, Gibier JB, Buée L, Abbadie C, Glowacki F, Pottier N, Perrais M, Cunha RA, Annicotte JS, Laumet G, Blum D, Cauffiez C. Istradefylline protects from cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and peripheral neuropathy while preserving cisplatin antitumor effects. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:152924. [PMID: 36377661 PMCID: PMC9663157 DOI: 10.1172/jci152924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a potent chemotherapeutic drug that is widely used in the treatment of various solid cancers. However, its clinical effectiveness is strongly limited by frequent severe adverse effects, in particular nephrotoxicity and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Thus, there is an urgent medical need to identify novel strategies that limit cisplatin-induced toxicity. In the present study, we show that the FDA-approved adenosine A2A receptor antagonist istradefylline (KW6002) protected from cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and neuropathic pain in mice with or without tumors. Moreover, we also demonstrate that the antitumoral properties of cisplatin were not altered by istradefylline in tumor-bearing mice and could even be potentiated. Altogether, our results support the use of istradefylline as a valuable preventive approach for the clinical management of patients undergoing cisplatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmone Dewaeles
- University of Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, CANTHER, Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France.,University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Kévin Carvalho
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille, France.,Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Sandy Fellah
- University of Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, CANTHER, Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Jaewon Sim
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Nihad Boukrout
- University of Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, CANTHER, Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Raphaelle Caillierez
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille, France.,Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | | | - Cynthia Van der Hauwaert
- University of Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, CANTHER, Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Département de la Recherche en Santé, Lille, France
| | - Jhenkruthi Vijaya Shankara
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille, France.,Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Martin
- University of Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, CANTHER, Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Noura Massri
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Agathe Launay
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille, France.,Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Joseph K. Folger
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Clémentine de Schutter
- University of Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, CANTHER, Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Romain Larrue
- University of Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, CANTHER, Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Service de Toxicologie et Génopathies, Lille, France
| | - Ingrid Loison
- University of Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, CANTHER, Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Marine Goujon
- University of Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, CANTHER, Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Matthieu Jung
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U1258 – GenomEast Platform – IGBMC – Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Stéphanie Le Gras
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U1258 – GenomEast Platform – IGBMC – Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Victoria Gomez-Murcia
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille, France.,Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Faivre
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille, France.,Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Julie Lemaire
- University of Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, CANTHER, Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Anne Garat
- CHU Lille, Service de Toxicologie et Génopathies, Lille, France.,University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483, IMPact de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé Humaine (IMPECS), Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Beauval
- CHU Lille, Service de Toxicologie et Génopathies, Lille, France.,University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483, IMPact de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé Humaine (IMPECS), Lille, France
| | - Patrice Maboudou
- CHU Lille, Service de Biochimie Automatisée, Protéines et Biologie Prédictive, Lille, France
| | - Viviane Gnemmi
- University of Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, CANTHER, Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Service d’Anatomopathologie, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Gibier
- University of Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, CANTHER, Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Service d’Anatomopathologie, Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille, France.,Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Corinne Abbadie
- University of Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, CANTHER, Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Francois Glowacki
- University of Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, CANTHER, Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Service de Néphrologie, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Pottier
- University of Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, CANTHER, Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Service de Toxicologie et Génopathies, Lille, France
| | - Michael Perrais
- University of Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, CANTHER, Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine Building-Polo 1, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jean-Sébastien Annicotte
- University of Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U1283-UMR8199 – EGID, Lille, France.,University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, RID-AGE-Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Geoffroy Laumet
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - David Blum
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 LilNCog, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille, France.,Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Christelle Cauffiez
- University of Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, CANTHER, Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
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15
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Kim K, Im H, Son Y, Kim M, Tripathi SK, Jeong LS, Lee YH. Anti-obesity effects of the dual-active adenosine A 2A/A 3 receptor-ligand LJ-4378. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:2128-2136. [PMID: 36167764 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR)-mediated signaling in adipose tissues has been investigated as a potential target for obesity-related metabolic diseases. LJ-4378 has been developed as a dual-acting ligand with A2AAR agonist and A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) antagonist activity. The current study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of LJ-4378 and its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS Immortalized brown adipocytes were used for in vitro analysis. A high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A reporter mouse models were used for in vivo experiments. The effects of LJ-4378 on lipolysis and mitochondrial metabolism were evaluated using immunoblotting, mitochondrial staining, and oxygen consumption rate analyses. The in vivo anti-obesity effects of LJ-4378 were evaluated using indirect calorimetry, body composition analyses, glucose tolerance tests, and histochemical analyses. RESULTS In vitro LJ-4378 treatment increased the levels of brown adipocyte markers and mitochondrial proteins, including uncoupling protein 1. The effects of LJ-4378 on lipolysis of adipocytes were more potent than those of the A2AAR agonist or A3AR antagonist. In vivo, LJ-4378 treatment increased energy expenditure by 17.0% (P value < 0.0001) compared to vehicle controls. LJ-4378 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment for 10 days reduced body weight and fat content by 8.24% (P value < 0.0001) and 24.2% (P value = 0.0044), respectively, and improved glucose tolerance in the HFD-fed mice. LJ-4378 increased the expression levels of brown adipocyte markers and mitochondrial proteins in interscapular brown and inguinal white adipose tissue. CONCLUSION These findings support the in vivo anti-obesity effects of LJ-4378, and suggest a novel therapeutic approach to combat obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hyeonyeong Im
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Yeonho Son
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Minjae Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Sushil Kumar Tripathi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Lak Shin Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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16
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Valada P, Hinz S, Vielmuth C, Lopes CR, Cunha RA, Müller CE, Lopes JP. The impact of inosine on hippocampal synaptic transmission and plasticity involves the release of adenosine through equilibrative nucleoside transporters rather than the direct activation of adenosine receptors. Purinergic Signal 2022:10.1007/s11302-022-09899-7. [PMID: 36156760 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inosine has robust neuroprotective effects, but it is unclear if inosine acts as direct ligand of adenosine receptors or if it triggers metabolic effects indirectly modifying the activity of adenosine receptors. We now combined radioligand binding studies with electrophysiological recordings in hippocampal slices to test how inosine controls synaptic transmission and plasticity. Inosine was without effect at 30 μM and decreased field excitatory post-synaptic potentials by 14% and 33% at 100 and 300 μM, respectively. These effects were prevented by the adenosine A1 receptor antagonist DPCPX. Inosine at 300 (but not 100) μM also decreased the magnitude of long-term potentiation (LTP), an effect prevented by DPCPX and by the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist SCH58261. Inosine showed low affinity towards human and rat adenosine receptor subtypes with Ki values of > 300 µM; only at the human and rat A1 receptor slightly higher affinities with Ki values of around 100 µM were observed. Affinity of inosine at the rat A3 receptor was higher (Ki of 1.37 µM), while it showed no interaction with the human orthologue. Notably, the effects of inosine on synaptic transmission and plasticity were abrogated by adenosine deaminase and by inhibiting equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENT) with dipyridamole and NBTI. This shows that the impact of inosine on hippocampal synaptic transmission and plasticity is not due to a direct activation of adenosine receptors but is instead due to an indirect modification of the tonic activation of these adenosine receptors through an ENT-mediated modification of the extracellular levels of adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Valada
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sonja Hinz
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christin Vielmuth
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cátia R Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Christa E Müller
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - João Pedro Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
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17
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Granade ME, Hargett SR, Lank DS, Lemke MC, Luse MA, Isakson BE, Bochkis IM, Linden J, Harris TE. Feeding desensitizes A1 adenosine receptors in adipose through FOXO1-mediated transcriptional regulation. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101543. [PMID: 35811051 PMCID: PMC9304768 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue is a critical regulator of energy balance that must rapidly shift its metabolism between fasting and feeding to maintain homeostasis. Adenosine has been characterized as an important regulator of adipocyte metabolism primarily through its actions on A1 adenosine receptors (A1R). We sought to understand the role A1R plays specifically in adipocytes during fasting and feeding to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. METHODS We used Adora1 floxed mice with an inducible, adiponectin-Cre to generate FAdora1-/- mice, where F designates a fat-specific deletion of A1R. We used these FAdora1-/- mice along with specific agonists and antagonists of A1R to investigate changes in adenosine signaling within adipocytes between the fasted and fed state. RESULTS We found that the adipose tissue response to adenosine is not static, but changes dynamically according to nutrient conditions through the insulin-Akt-FOXO1 axis. We show that under fasted conditions, FAdora1-/- mice had impairments in the suppression of lipolysis by insulin on normal chow and impaired glucose tolerance on high-fat diet. FAdora1-/- mice also exhibited a higher lipolytic response to isoproterenol than WT controls when fasted, however this difference was lost after a 4-hour refeeding period. We demonstrate that FOXO1 binds to the A1R promoter, and refeeding leads to a rapid downregulation of A1R transcript and desensitization of adipocytes to A1R agonism. Obesity also desensitizes adipocyte A1R, and this is accompanied by a disruption of cyclical changes in A1R transcription between fasting and refeeding. CONCLUSIONS We propose that FOXO1 drives high A1R expression under fasted conditions to limit excess lipolysis during stress and augment insulin action upon feeding. Subsequent downregulation of A1R under fed conditions leads to desensitization of these receptors in adipose tissue. This regulation of A1R may facilitate reentrance into the catabolic state upon fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell E Granade
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stefan R Hargett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Daniel S Lank
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Michael C Lemke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Melissa A Luse
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Irina M Bochkis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joel Linden
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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18
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Zhang X, Liu L, Liu D, Li Y, He J, Shen L. 17β-Estradiol promotes angiogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by upregulating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3864-3873. [PMID: 35891776 PMCID: PMC9309573 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role and mechanism of 17β -estradiol in the regulation of BMSC promoting angiogenesis were analyzed by bioinformatics techniques for the first time. Combined with FN1, MCM2, XPO1, NTRK1 and other proteins, 17β-estradiol is able to activate PI3K-Akt, MAPK and other signaling pathways to regulate BMSCs to promote or remodel angiogenesis. 17β-estradiol upregulates the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway to promote the BMSC angiogenesis process of differentiation.
Objective Estrogen is an important hormone affecting angiogenesis in women and is important for female physical development. Menopausal women are prone to serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases when estrogen is significantly reduced. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) have potential roles in processes such as angiogenesis and remodeling. This study is to investigate the effect of 17β-estradiol on BMSC angiogenic differentiation and its underlying molecular mechanism, and to provide a basis for the treatment of microvascular diseases. Methods Enrichment analysis of apoptosis, migration or angiogenesis processes and molecular mechanisms of BMSC treated with 17β-estradiol was performed to screen core proteins and perform molecular docking validation. Human MSCs were cultured in vitro to examine the effect of 17β-estradiol on BMSC migration or angiogenic differentiation. Results 17β-estradiol acted on 48 targets of BMSC and was involved in regulating 52 cell migration processes or 17 angiogenesis processes through 66 KEGG pathways such as PI3K-Akt, MAPK, etc. 17β-estradiol bound tightly to 10 core proteins including APP, NTRK1, EGFR, and HSP90AA1. 17β-estradiol promoted cell scratch area closure rate and CD31 expression in BMSCs, downregulated BMSC apoptosis rate, and promoted Akt and p-Akt protein expression in BMSC. Conclusion 17β-estradiol binds to FN1, MCM2, XPO1, NTRK1 and other proteins to initiate PI3K-Akt, MAPK and other signaling pathways, so as to regulate BMSC to promote or remodel angiogenesis, verifying that 17β-estradiol up-regulates PI3K-Akt signaling pathway to promote BMSC angiogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, China
| | - Ligang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - Danyang Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, China
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19
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Wölkart G, Stessel H, Fassett E, Teschl E, Friedl K, Trummer M, Schrammel A, Kollau A, Mayer B, Fassett J. Adenosine kinase (ADK) inhibition with ABT-702 induces ADK protein degradation and a distinct form of sustained cardioprotection. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 927:175050. [PMID: 35618039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of adenosine kinase (ADK), the major route of myocardial adenosine metabolism, can elicit acute cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) by increasing adenosine signaling. Here, we identified a novel, extended effect of the ADK inhibitor, ABT-702, on cardiac ADK protein longevity and investigated its impact on sustained adenosinergic cardioprotection. We found that ABT-702 treatment significantly reduced cardiac ADK protein content in mice 24-72 h after administration (IP or oral). ABT-702 did not alter ADK mRNA levels, but strongly diminished (ADK-L) isoform protein content through a proteasome-dependent mechanism. Langendorff perfusion experiments revealed that hearts from ABT-702-treated mice maintain higher adenosine release long after ABT-702 tissue elimination, accompanied by increased basal coronary flow (CF) and robust tolerance to IR. Sustained cardioprotection by ABT-702 did not involve increased nitric oxide synthase expression, but was completely dependent upon increased adenosine release in the delayed phase (24 h), as indicated by the loss of cardioprotection and CF increase upon perfusion of adenosine deaminase or adenosine receptor antagonist, 8-phenyltheophylline. Importantly, blocking adenosine receptor activity with theophylline during ABT-702 administration prevented ADK degradation, preserved late cardiac ADK activity, diminished CF increase and abolished delayed cardioprotection, indicating that early adenosine receptor signaling induces late ADK degradation to elicit sustained adenosine release. Together, these results indicate that ABT-702 induces a distinct form of delayed cardioprotection mediated by adenosine receptor-dependent, proteasomal degradation of cardiac ADK and enhanced adenosine signaling in the late phase. These findings suggest ADK protein stability may be pharmacologically targeted to achieve sustained adenosinergic cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Wölkart
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Heike Stessel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Erin Fassett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Teschl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Katrin Friedl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Modesta Trummer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Astrid Schrammel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Kollau
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - John Fassett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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20
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Jacobson KA, Gao ZG, Matricon P, Eddy MT, Carlsson J. Adenosine A 2A receptor antagonists: from caffeine to selective non-xanthines. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:3496-3511. [PMID: 32424811 PMCID: PMC9251831 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A long evolution of knowledge of the psychostimulant caffeine led in the 1960s to another purine natural product, adenosine and its A2A receptor. Adenosine is a short-lived autocrine/paracrine mediator that acts pharmacologically at four different adenosine receptors in a manner opposite to the pan-antagonist caffeine and serves as an endogenous allostatic regulator. Although detrimental in the developing brain, caffeine appears to be cerebroprotective in aging. Moderate caffeine consumption in adults, except in pregnancy, may also provide benefit in pain, diabetes, and kidney and liver disorders. Inhibition of A2A receptors is one of caffeine's principal effects and we now understand this interaction at the atomic level. The A2A receptor has become a prototypical example of utilizing high-resolution structures of GPCRs for the rational design of chemically diverse drug molecules. The previous focus on discovery of selective A2A receptor antagonists for neurodegenerative diseases has expanded to include immunotherapy for cancer, and clinical trials have ensued. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Structure Guided Pharmacology of Membrane Proteins (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pierre Matricon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matthew T. Eddy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jens Carlsson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Puhl AC, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA, Ekins S. Machine Learning for Discovery of New ADORA Modulators. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:920643. [PMID: 35814244 PMCID: PMC9257522 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.920643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine (ADO) is an extracellular signaling molecule generated locally under conditions that produce ischemia, hypoxia, or inflammation. It is involved in modulating a range of physiological functions throughout the brain and periphery through the membrane-bound G protein-coupled receptors, called adenosine receptors (ARs) A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, and A3AR. These are therefore important targets for neurological, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases and are the subject of drug development directed toward the cyclic adenosine monophosphate and other signaling pathways. Initially using public data for A1AR agonists we generated and validated a Bayesian machine learning model (Receiver Operator Characteristic of 0.87) that we used to identify molecules for testing. Three selected molecules, crisaborole, febuxostat and paroxetine, showed initial activity in vitro using the HEK293 A1AR Nomad cell line. However, radioligand binding, β-arrestin assay and calcium influx assay did not confirm this A1AR activity. Nevertheless, several other AR activities were identified. Febuxostat and paroxetine both inhibited orthosteric radioligand binding in the µM range for A2AAR and A3AR. In HEK293 cells expressing the human A2AAR, stimulation of cAMP was observed for crisaborole (EC50 2.8 µM) and paroxetine (EC50 14 µM), but not for febuxostat. Crisaborole also increased cAMP accumulation in A2BAR-expressing HEK293 cells, but it was weaker than at the A2AAR. At the human A3AR, paroxetine did not show any agonist activity at 100 µM, although it displayed binding with a Ki value of 14.5 µM, suggesting antagonist activity. We have now identified novel modulators of A2AAR, A2BAR and A3AR subtypes that are clinically used for other therapeutic indications, and which are structurally distinct from previously reported tool compounds or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Puhl
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Ana C. Puhl, ; Sean Ekins,
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Ana C. Puhl, ; Sean Ekins,
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22
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IJzerman AP, Jacobson KA, Müller CE, Cronstein BN, Cunha RA. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CXII: Adenosine Receptors: A Further Update. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:340-372. [PMID: 35302044 PMCID: PMC8973513 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology report on the nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors (2011) contained a number of emerging developments with respect to this G protein-coupled receptor subfamily, including protein structure, protein oligomerization, protein diversity, and allosteric modulation by small molecules. Since then, a wealth of new data and results has been added, allowing us to explore novel concepts such as target binding kinetics and biased signaling of adenosine receptors, to examine a multitude of receptor structures and novel ligands, to gauge new pharmacology, and to evaluate clinical trials with adenosine receptor ligands. This review should therefore be considered a further update of our previous reports from 2001 and 2011. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Adenosine receptors (ARs) are of continuing interest for future treatment of chronic and acute disease conditions, including inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative afflictions, and cancer. The design of AR agonists ("biased" or not) and antagonists is largely structure based now, thanks to the tremendous progress in AR structural biology. The A2A- and A2BAR appear to modulate the immune response in tumor biology. Many clinical trials for this indication are ongoing, whereas an A2AAR antagonist (istradefylline) has been approved as an anti-Parkinson agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan P IJzerman
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
| | - Christa E Müller
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
| | - Bruce N Cronstein
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
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23
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Tosh DK, Salmaso V, Campbell RG, Rao H, Bitant A, Pottie E, Stove CP, Liu N, Gavrilova O, Gao ZG, Auchampach JA, Jacobson KA. A 3 adenosine receptor agonists containing dopamine moieties for enhanced interspecies affinity. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:113983. [PMID: 34844790 PMCID: PMC8865922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Following our study of 4'-truncated (N)-methanocarba-adenosine derivatives that displayed unusually high mouse (m) A3AR affinity, we incorporated dopamine-related N6 substituents in the full agonist 5'-methylamide series. N6-(2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)ethyl) derivative MRS7618 11 displayed Ki (nM) 0.563 at hA3AR (∼20,000-fold selective) and 1.54 at mA3AR. 2-Alkyl ethers maintained A3 affinity, but with less selectivity than 2-alkynes. Parallel functional assays of G protein-dependent and β-arrestin 2 (βarr2)-dependent pathways indicate these are full agonists but not biased. Through use of computational modeling, we hypothesized that phenyl OH/OMe groups interact with polar residues, particularly Gln261, on the mA3AR extracellular loops as the basis for the affinity enhancement. Although the pharmacokinetics indicated facile clearance of parent O-methyl catechol nucleosides 21 and 31, prolonged mA3AR activation in vivo was observed in a hypothermia model, suggested potential formation of active metabolites through demethylation. Selected analogues induced mouse hypothermia following i.p. injection, indicative of peripheral A3AR agonism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K. Tosh
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ryan G. Campbell
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Harsha Rao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amelia Bitant
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Eline Pottie
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Campus Heymans, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe P. Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Campus Heymans, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Naili Liu
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - John A. Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,Corresponding author. Address correspondence to: Dr. Kenneth A. Jacobson, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810 USA; Molecular Recognition Section, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, NIH, NIDDK, LBC, Bethesda, MD, USA. Phone: 301-496-9024. Fax: 301-496-8422. (K.A. Jacobson)
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24
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Antonioli L, Pacher P, Haskó G. Adenosine and inflammation: it's time to (re)solve the problem. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 43:43-55. [PMID: 34776241 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Resolution of inflammation requires proresolving molecular pathways triggered as part of the host response during the inflammatory phase. Adenosine and its receptors, which are collectively called the adenosine system, shape inflammatory cell activity during the active phase of inflammation, leading these immune cells toward a functional repolarization, thus contributing to the onset of resolution. Strategies based on the resolution of inflammation have shaped a new area of pharmacology referred to as 'resolution pharmacology' and in this regard, the adenosine system represents an interesting target to design novel pharmacological tools to 'resolve' the inflammatory process. In this review, we outline the role of the adenosine system in driving the events required for an effective transition from the proinflammatory phase to the onset and establishment of resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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25
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Lovászi M, Németh ZH, Gause WC, Gummadova J, Pacher P, Haskó G. Inosine monophosphate and inosine differentially regulate endotoxemia and bacterial sepsis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21935. [PMID: 34591327 PMCID: PMC9812230 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100862r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Inosine monophosphate (IMP) is the intracellular precursor for both adenosine monophosphate and guanosine monophosphate and thus plays a central role in intracellular purine metabolism. IMP can also serve as an extracellular signaling molecule, and can regulate diverse processes such as taste sensation, neutrophil function, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. How IMP regulates inflammation induced by bacterial products or bacteria is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that IMP suppressed tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production and augmented IL-10 production in endotoxemic mice. IMP exerted its effects through metabolism to inosine, as IMP only suppressed TNF-α following its CD73-mediated degradation to inosine in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. Studies with gene targeted mice and pharmacological antagonism indicated that A2A , A2B, and A3 adenosine receptors are not required for the inosine suppression of TNF-α production. The inosine suppression of TNF-α production did not require its metabolism to hypoxanthine through purine nucleoside phosphorylase or its uptake into cells through concentrative nucleoside transporters indicating a role for alternative metabolic/uptake pathways. Inosine augmented IL-β production by macrophages in which inflammasome was activated by lipopolysaccharide and ATP. In contrast to its effects in endotoxemia, IMP failed to affect the inflammatory response to abdominal sepsis and pneumonia. We conclude that extracellular IMP and inosine differentially regulate the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Lovászi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zoltán H Németh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - William C. Gause
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation and Department of Medicine, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jennet Gummadova
- Daresbury Proteins Ltd, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, United Kingdom
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Emerging roles of dysregulated adenosine homeostasis in brain disorders with a specific focus on neurodegenerative diseases. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:70. [PMID: 34635103 PMCID: PMC8507231 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern societies, with an increase in the older population, age-related neurodegenerative diseases have progressively become greater socioeconomic burdens. To date, despite the tremendous effort devoted to understanding neurodegenerative diseases in recent decades, treatment to delay disease progression is largely ineffective and is in urgent demand. The development of new strategies targeting these pathological features is a timely topic. It is important to note that most degenerative diseases are associated with the accumulation of specific misfolded proteins, which is facilitated by several common features of neurodegenerative diseases (including poor energy homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction). Adenosine is a purine nucleoside and neuromodulator in the brain. It is also an essential component of energy production pathways, cellular metabolism, and gene regulation in brain cells. The levels of intracellular and extracellular adenosine are thus tightly controlled by a handful of proteins (including adenosine metabolic enzymes and transporters) to maintain proper adenosine homeostasis. Notably, disruption of adenosine homeostasis in the brain under various pathophysiological conditions has been documented. In the past two decades, adenosine receptors (particularly A1 and A2A adenosine receptors) have been actively investigated as important drug targets in major degenerative diseases. Unfortunately, except for an A2A antagonist (istradefylline) administered as an adjuvant treatment with levodopa for Parkinson's disease, no effective drug based on adenosine receptors has been developed for neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize the emerging findings on proteins involved in the control of adenosine homeostasis in the brain and discuss the challenges and future prospects for the development of new therapeutic treatments for neurodegenerative diseases and their associated disorders based on the understanding of adenosine homeostasis.
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27
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Alcedo KP, Bowser JL, Snider NT. The elegant complexity of mammalian ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73). Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:829-842. [PMID: 34116887 PMCID: PMC8448938 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is a fundamental mechanism used by all cells to control their internal activities and interact with the environment. A key component of the purinergic system, the enzyme ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) catalyzes the last step in the extracellular metabolism of ATP to form adenosine. Efforts to harness the therapeutic potential of endogenous adenosine in cancer have culminated in the ongoing clinical development of multiple CD73-targeting antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors. However, recent studies are painting an increasingly complex picture of CD73 mRNA and protein regulation and function in cellular homeostasis, physiological adaptation, and disease development. This review discusses the latest conceptual and methodological advances that are helping to unravel the complexity of this important enzyme that was identified nearly 90 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel P Alcedo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jessica L Bowser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Natasha T Snider
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Barresi E, Martini C, Da Settimo F, Greco G, Taliani S, Giacomelli C, Trincavelli ML. Allosterism vs. Orthosterism: Recent Findings and Future Perspectives on A 2B AR Physio-Pathological Implications. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:652121. [PMID: 33841166 PMCID: PMC8024542 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.652121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of GPCR (G-coupled protein receptor) allosteric modulators has attracted increasing interest in the last decades. The use of allosteric modulators in therapy offers several advantages with respect to orthosteric ones, as they can fine-tune the tissue responses to the endogenous agonist. Since the discovery of the first A1 adenosine receptor (AR) allosteric modulator in 1990, several efforts have been made to develop more potent molecules as well as allosteric modulators for all adenosine receptor subtypes. There are four subtypes of AR: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Positive allosteric modulators of the A1 AR have been proposed for the cure of pain. A3 positive allosteric modulators are thought to be beneficial during inflammatory processes. More recently, A2A and A2B AR allosteric modulators have also been disclosed. The A2B AR displays the lowest affinity for its endogenous ligand adenosine and is mainly activated as a consequence of tissue damage. The A2B AR activation has been found to play a crucial role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in the protection of the heart from ischemic injury, and in the process of bone formation. In this context, allosteric modulators of the A2B AR may represent pharmacological tools useful to develop new therapeutic agents. Herein, we provide an up-to-date highlight of the recent findings and future perspectives in the field of orthosteric and allosteric A2B AR ligands. Furthermore, we compare the use of orthosteric ligands with positive and negative allosteric modulators for the management of different pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giovanni Greco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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29
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Lin YH, Maaroufi HO, Kucerova L, Rouhova L, Filip T, Zurovec M. Adenosine Receptor and Its Downstream Targets, Mod(mdg4) and Hsp70, Work as a Signaling Pathway Modulating Cytotoxic Damage in Drosophila. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:651367. [PMID: 33777958 PMCID: PMC7994771 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.651367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine (Ado) is an important signaling molecule involved in stress responses. Studies in mammalian models have shown that Ado regulates signaling mechanisms involved in “danger-sensing” and tissue-protection. Yet, little is known about the role of Ado signaling in Drosophila. In the present study, we observed lower extracellular Ado concentration and suppressed expression of Ado transporters in flies expressing mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT). We altered Ado signaling using genetic tools and found that the overexpression of Ado metabolic enzymes, as well as the suppression of Ado receptor (AdoR) and transporters (ENTs), were able to minimize mHTT-induced mortality. We also identified the downstream targets of the AdoR pathway, the modifier of mdg4 (Mod(mdg4)) and heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70), which modulated the formation of mHTT aggregates. Finally, we showed that a decrease in Ado signaling affects other Drosophila stress reactions, including paraquat and heat-shock treatments. Our study provides important insights into how Ado regulates stress responses in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsien Lin
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Houda Ouns Maaroufi
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Lucie Kucerova
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Lenka Rouhova
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Tomas Filip
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Michal Zurovec
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
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30
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Province HS, Xiao C, Mogul AS, Sahoo A, Jacobson KA, Piñol RA, Gavrilova O, Reitman ML. Activation of neuronal adenosine A1 receptors causes hypothermia through central and peripheral mechanisms. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243986. [PMID: 33326493 PMCID: PMC7743955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine, a danger signal, can cause hypothermia. We generated mice lacking neuronal adenosine A1 receptors (A1AR, encoded by the Adora1 gene) to examine the contribution of these receptors to hypothermia. Intracerebroventricular injection of the selective A1AR agonist (Cl-ENBA, 5'-chloro-5'-deoxy-N6-endo-norbornyladenosine) produced hypothermia, which was reduced in mice with deletion of A1AR in neurons. A non-brain penetrant A1AR agonist [SPA, N6-(p-sulfophenyl) adenosine] also caused hypothermia, in wild type but not mice lacking neuronal A1AR, suggesting that peripheral neuronal A1AR can also cause hypothermia. Mice expressing Cre recombinase from the Adora1 locus were generated to investigate the role of specific cell populations in body temperature regulation. Chemogenetic activation of Adora1-Cre-expressing cells in the preoptic area did not change body temperature. In contrast, activation of Adora1-Cre-expressing dorsomedial hypothalamus cells increased core body temperature, concordant with agonism at the endogenous inhibitory A1AR causing hypothermia. These results suggest that A1AR agonism causes hypothermia via two distinct mechanisms: brain neuronal A1AR and A1AR on neurons outside the blood-brain barrier. The variety of mechanisms that adenosine can use to induce hypothermia underscores the importance of hypothermia in the mouse response to major metabolic stress or injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley S. Province
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cuiying Xiao
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Allison S. Mogul
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ankita Sahoo
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ramón A. Piñol
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marc L. Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Lopes CR, Lourenço VS, Tomé ÂR, Cunha RA, Canas PM. Use of knockout mice to explore CNS effects of adenosine. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114367. [PMID: 33333075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The initial exploration using pharmacological tools of the role of adenosine receptors in the brain, concluded that adenosine released as such acted on A1R to inhibit excitability and glutamate release from principal neurons throughout the brain and that adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) were striatal-'specific' receptors controlling dopamine D2R. This indicted A1R as potential controllers of neurodegeneration and A2AR of psychiatric conditions. Global knockout of these two receptors questioned the key role of A1R and instead identified extra-striatal A2AR as robust controllers of neurodegeneration. Furthermore, transgenic lines with altered metabolic sources of adenosine revealed a coupling of ATP-derived adenosine to activate A2AR and a role of A1R as a hurdle to initiate neurodegeneration. Additionally, cell-selective knockout of A2AR unveiled the different roles of A2AR in different cell types (neurons/astrocytes) in different portions of the striatal circuits (dorsal versus lateral) and in different brain areas (hippocampus/striatum). Finally, a new transgenic mouse line with deletion of all adenosine receptors seems to indicate a major allostatic rather than homeostatic role of adenosine and may allow isolating P2R-mediated responses to unravel their role in the brain, a goal close to heart of Geoffrey Burnstock, to whom we affectionately dedicate this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia R Lopes
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vanessa S Lourenço
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ângelo R Tomé
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Paula M Canas
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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32
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Boison D, Jarvis MF. Adenosine kinase: A key regulator of purinergic physiology. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114321. [PMID: 33161022 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine (ADO) is an essential biomolecule for life that provides critical regulation of energy utilization and homeostasis. Adenosine kinase (ADK) is an evolutionary ancient ribokinase derived from bacterial sugar kinases that is widely expressed in all forms of life, tissues and organ systems that tightly regulates intracellular and extracellular ADO concentrations. The facile ability of ADK to alter ADO availability provides a "site and event" specificity to the endogenous protective effects of ADO in situations of cellular stress. In addition to modulating the ability of ADO to activate its cognate receptors (P1 receptors), nuclear ADK isoform activity has been linked to epigenetic mechanisms based on transmethylation pathways. Previous drug discovery research has targeted ADK inhibition as a therapeutic approach to manage epilepsy, pain, and inflammation. These efforts generated multiple classes of highly potent and selective inhibitors. However, clinical development of early ADK inhibitors was stopped due to apparent mechanistic toxicity and the lack of suitable translational markers. New insights regarding the potential role of the nuclear ADK isoform (ADK-Long) in the epigenetic modulation of maladaptive DNA methylation offers the possibility of identifying novel ADK-isoform selective inhibitors and new interventional strategies that are independent of ADO receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detlev Boison
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, United States.
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33
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Salmaso V, Jacobson KA. Purinergic Signaling: Impact of GPCR Structures on Rational Drug Design. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1958-1973. [PMID: 32803849 PMCID: PMC8276773 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The purinergic signaling system includes membrane-bound receptors for extracellular purines and pyrimidines, and enzymes/transporters that regulate receptor activation by endogenous agonists. Receptors include: adenosine (A1 , A2A , A2B, and A3 ) and P2Y (P2Y1 , P2Y2 , P2Y4 , P2Y6 , P2Y11 , P2Y12 , P2Y13 , and P2Y14 ) receptors (all GPCRs), as well as P2X receptors (ion channels). Receptor activation, especially accompanying physiological stress or damage, creates a temporal sequence of signaling to counteract this stress and either mobilize (P2Rs) or suppress (ARs) immune responses. Thus, modulation of this large signaling family has broad potential for treating chronic diseases. Experimentally determined structures represent each of the three receptor families. We focus on selective purinergic agonists (A1 , A3 ), antagonists (A3 , P2Y14 ), and allosteric modulators (P2Y1 , A3 ). Examples of applying structure-based design, including the rational modification of known ligands, are presented for antithrombotic P2Y1 R antagonists and anti-inflammatory P2Y14 R antagonists and A3 AR agonists. A3 AR agonists are a potential, nonaddictive treatment for chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Salmaso
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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34
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Ejaz HW, Wang W, Lang M. Copper Toxicity Links to Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease and Therapeutics Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7660. [PMID: 33081348 PMCID: PMC7589751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, age-related progressive neurological disorder, and the most common type of dementia in aged people. Neuropathological lesions of AD are neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and senile plaques comprise the accumulated amyloid-beta (Aβ), loaded with metal ions including Cu, Fe, or Zn. Some reports have identified metal dyshomeostasis as a neurotoxic factor of AD, among which Cu ions seem to be a central cationic metal in the formation of plaque and soluble oligomers, and have an essential role in the AD pathology. Cu-Aβ complex catalyzes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and results in oxidative damage. Several studies have indicated that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. The connection of copper levels in AD is still ambiguous, as some researches indicate a Cu deficiency, while others show its higher content in AD, and therefore there is a need to increase and decrease its levels in animal models, respectively, to study which one is the cause. For more than twenty years, many in vitro studies have been devoted to identifying metals' roles in Aβ accumulation, oxidative damage, and neurotoxicity. Towards the end, a short review of the modern therapeutic approach in chelation therapy, with the main focus on Cu ions, is discussed. Despite the lack of strong proofs of clinical advantage so far, the conjecture that using a therapeutic metal chelator is an effective strategy for AD remains popular. However, some recent reports of genetic-regulating copper transporters in AD models have shed light on treating this refractory disease. This review aims to succinctly present a better understanding of Cu ions' current status in several AD features, and some conflicting reports are present herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafza Wajeeha Ejaz
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth WA6027, Australia;
| | - Minglin Lang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China;
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
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35
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Eisenstein A, Chitalia SV, Ravid K. Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissue Adenosine Receptors Effect on Osteogenesis and Adipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7470. [PMID: 33050467 PMCID: PMC7589187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is an extracellular signaling molecule that is particularly relevant in times of cellular stress, inflammation and metabolic disturbances when the levels of the purine increase. Adenosine acts on two G-protein-coupled stimulatory and on two G-protein-coupled inhibitory receptors, which have varying expression profiles in different tissues and conditions, and have different affinities for the endogenous ligand. Studies point to significant roles of adenosine and its receptors in metabolic disease and bone health, implicating the receptors as potential therapeutic targets. This review will highlight our current understanding of the dichotomous effects of adenosine and its receptors on adipogenesis versus osteogenesis within the bone marrow to maintain bone health, as well as its relationship to obesity. Therapeutic implications will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Eisenstein
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shlok V. Chitalia
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (S.V.C.); (K.R.)
| | - Katya Ravid
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (S.V.C.); (K.R.)
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36
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Mallo-Abreu A, Prieto-Díaz R, Jespers W, Azuaje J, Majellaro M, Velando C, García-Mera X, Caamaño O, Brea J, Loza MI, Gutiérrez-de-Terán H, Sotelo E. Nitrogen-Walk Approach to Explore Bioisosteric Replacements in a Series of Potent A 2B Adenosine Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7721-7739. [PMID: 32573250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A systematic exploration of bioisosteric replacements for furan and thiophene cores in a series of potent A2BAR antagonists has been carried out using the nitrogen-walk approach. A collection of 42 novel alkyl 4-substituted-2-methyl-1,4-dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylates, which contain 18 different pentagonal heterocyclic frameworks at position 4, was synthesized and evaluated. This study enabled the identification of new ligands that combine remarkable affinity (Ki < 30 nM) and exquisite selectivity. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) trends identified were substantiated by a molecular modeling study, based on a receptor-driven docking model and including a systematic free energy perturbation (FEP) study. Preliminary evaluation of the CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitory activity in optimized ligands evidenced weak and negligible activity, respectively. The stereospecific interaction between hA2BAR and the eutomer of the most attractive novel antagonist (S)-18g (Ki = 3.66 nM) was validated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Willem Jespers
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE 75124, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | - José Brea
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María I Loza
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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37
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Purines: From Diagnostic Biomarkers to Therapeutic Agents in Brain Injury. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:1315-1326. [PMID: 32542580 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purines constitute a family of inter-related compounds that serve a broad range of important intracellular and extracellular biological functions. In particular, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its metabolite and precursor, adenosine, regulate a wide variety of cellular and systems-level physiological processes extending from ATP acting as the cellular energy currency, to the adenosine arising from the depletion of cellular ATP and responding to reduce energy demand and hence to preserve ATP during times of metabolic stress. This inter-relationship provides opportunities for both the diagnosis of energy depletion during conditions such as stroke, and the replenishment of ATP after such events. In this review we address these opportunities and the broad potential of purines as diagnostics and restorative agents.
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38
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Adenosine-Related Mechanisms in Non-Adenosine Receptor Drugs. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040956. [PMID: 32295065 PMCID: PMC7226956 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many ligands directly target adenosine receptors (ARs). Here we review the effects of noncanonical AR drugs on adenosinergic signaling. Non-AR mechanisms include raising adenosine levels by inhibiting adenosine transport (e.g., ticagrelor, ethanol, and cannabidiol), affecting intracellular metabolic pathways (e.g., methotrexate, nicotinamide riboside, salicylate, and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside), or undetermined means (e.g., acupuncture). However, other compounds bind ARs in addition to their canonical ‘on-target’ activity (e.g., mefloquine). The strength of experimental support for an adenosine-related role in a drug’s effects varies widely. AR knockout mice are the ‘gold standard’ method for investigating an AR role, but few drugs have been tested on these mice. Given the interest in AR modulation for treatment of cancer, CNS, immune, metabolic, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal conditions, it is informative to consider AR and non-AR adenosinergic effects of approved drugs and conventional treatments.
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Kobayashi K, Shimizu N, Matsushita S, Murata T. The assessment of mouse spontaneous locomotor activity using motion picture. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 143:83-88. [PMID: 32178942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) is a useful parameter reflecting physical and mental status of experimental animals. Here we aimed to establish a novel and simple method to assess mouse SLA using motion picture. Movement of C57BL/6 mice was continuously recorded by an infrared video camera connected with a single board computer. The geometric center of mouse outline in each frame was calculated using an image processing library, OpenCV in a programming language Python. Moving distance of the geometric center every second was utilized as an index of mouse SLA. Twenty-four hours assessment of SLA showed that mice repeated active and resting phase. Mice moved more actively during the dark period compared with the light period. Time-frequency analysis of SLA followed by unsupervised clustering classified their active and resting phase. Administration of a sedative, chlorpromazine (5 mg/kg) abolished mouse SLA for 8 h. In contrast, administration of a central nervous stimulant, caffeine (25 mg/kg) increased SLA for 3 h. In conclusion, we here established the automatic measurement system of mouse SLA using motion picture. This system is composed of common equipment and analysis software written in freely available programming language. We also confirmed that it is applicable for drug assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kobayashi
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Shimizu
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Seiji Matsushita
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takahisa Murata
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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40
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Park CW, Han CT, Sakaguchi Y, Lee J, Youn HY. Safety evaluation of FM101, an A3 adenosine receptor modulator, in rat, for developing as therapeutics of glaucoma and hepatitis. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:187-200. [PMID: 32256265 PMCID: PMC7105940 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a critical regulator of inflammation and fibrosis, it affects endogenous cell signaling via binding to the A3 adenosine receptor. FM101 is a potent, highly selective A3 adenosine receptor modulator that has been developed as a treatment for glaucoma and hepatitis. We determined that FM101 is a biased ligand with functional activities both as a G protein agonist and a β-arrestin antagonist. The safety of FM101 was evaluated by administering an acute dose in rats, the results indicated that the approximate lethal dose was greater than 2000 mg/kg. In a subchronic toxicity study, FM101 was administered orally once per day to rats at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day over a period of 28 days. Abnormal posture, irregular respiration, decreased movement, and ear flushing were observed during the early phase of dosing, and loose stools were observed sporadically among the animals that received 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day. Body weight and food consumption were decreased in one male and one female rat in the 1000 mg/kg/day group during the first 2 weeks of observation. However, there were no test substance-related changes or adverse effects observed during our ophthalmological, clinical chemistry, urine, organ weight, and histopathological analysis. These findings indicate that no observed adverse effect level of FM101 was 1000 mg/kg/day in male and female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Woo Park
- R&D Center, Futuremedicine Co., Ltd., Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jiyoun Lee
- R&D Center, Futuremedicine Co., Ltd., Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Youn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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41
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Jarvis MF. Therapeutic potential of adenosine kinase inhibition-Revisited. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00506. [PMID: 31367385 PMCID: PMC6646803 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine (ADO) is an endogenous protective regulator that restores cellular energy balance in response to tissue trauma. Extracellular ADO has a half-life of the order of seconds thus restricting its actions to tissues and cellular sites where it is released. Adenosine kinase (AK, ATP:adenosine 5'-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.20) is a cytosolic enzyme that is the rate-limiting enzyme controlling extracellular ADO concentrations. Inhibition of AK can effectively increase ADO extracellular concentrations at tissue sites where pathophysiological changes occur. Highly potent and selective nucleoside and non-nucleoside AK inhibitors were discovered in the late 1990s that showed in vivo effects consistent with the augmentation of the actions of endogenous ADO in experimental models of pain, inflammation, and seizure activity. These data supported clinical development of several AK inhibitors for the management of epilepsy and chronic pain. However, early toxicological data demonstrated that nucleoside and non-nucleoside chemotypes produced hemorrhagic microfoci in brain in an apparent ADO receptor-dependent fashion. An initial oral report of these important toxicological findings was presented at an international conference but a detailed description of these data has not appeared in the peer-reviewed literature. In the two decades following the demise of these early AK-based clinical candidates, interest in AK inhibition has renewed based on preclinical data in the areas of renal protection, diabetic retinopathy, cardioprotection, and neurology. This review provides a summary of the pharmacology and toxicology data for several AK inhibitor chemotypes and the resulting translational issues associated with the development of AK inhibitors as viable therapeutic interventions.
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Abstract
Adenosine modulation is considered both a paracrine signal coordinating different cells in a tissue and a stress signal. Both functions are ensured by 4 types of adenosine receptors (ARs), which have been studied individually. Mice with knockout of all ARs (quad-AR-KO) now allow enquiring the overall function of the adenosine modulation system. The observed “normal” physiology of quad-AR-KO mice indicates that ARs do not regulate homeostasis and are likely recruited to selectively control allostasis. Does the adenosine modulation system control allostasis rather than regulate homeostasis? This Primer explores the implications of a new study of mice that lack all four adenosine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Jacobson KA, Tosh DK, Jain S, Gao ZG. Historical and Current Adenosine Receptor Agonists in Preclinical and Clinical Development. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:124. [PMID: 30983976 PMCID: PMC6447611 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) function in the body’s response to conditions of pathology and stress associated with a functional imbalance, such as in the supply and demand of energy/oxygen/nutrients. Extracellular adenosine concentrations vary widely to raise or lower the basal activation of four subtypes of ARs. Endogenous adenosine can correct an energy imbalance during hypoxia and other stress, for example, by slowing the heart rate by A1AR activation or increasing the blood supply to heart muscle by the A2AAR. Moreover, exogenous AR agonists, antagonists, or allosteric modulators can be applied for therapeutic benefit, and medicinal chemists working toward that goal have reported thousands of such agents. Thus, numerous clinical trials have ensued, using promising agents to modulate adenosinergic signaling, most of which have not succeeded. Currently, short-acting, parenteral agonists, adenosine and Regadenoson, are the only AR agonists approved for human use. However, new concepts and compounds are currently being developed and applied toward preclinical and clinical evaluation, and initial results are encouraging. This review focuses on key compounds as AR agonists and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) for disease treatment or diagnosis. AR agonists for treating inflammation, pain, cancer, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, angina, sickle cell disease, ischemic conditions and diabetes have been under development. Multiple clinical trials with two A3AR agonists are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shanu Jain
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Jacobson KA, Tosh DK, Jain S, Gao ZG. Historical and Current Adenosine Receptor Agonists in Preclinical and Clinical Development. Front Cell Neurosci 2019. [PMID: 30983976 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00124/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) function in the body's response to conditions of pathology and stress associated with a functional imbalance, such as in the supply and demand of energy/oxygen/nutrients. Extracellular adenosine concentrations vary widely to raise or lower the basal activation of four subtypes of ARs. Endogenous adenosine can correct an energy imbalance during hypoxia and other stress, for example, by slowing the heart rate by A1AR activation or increasing the blood supply to heart muscle by the A2AAR. Moreover, exogenous AR agonists, antagonists, or allosteric modulators can be applied for therapeutic benefit, and medicinal chemists working toward that goal have reported thousands of such agents. Thus, numerous clinical trials have ensued, using promising agents to modulate adenosinergic signaling, most of which have not succeeded. Currently, short-acting, parenteral agonists, adenosine and Regadenoson, are the only AR agonists approved for human use. However, new concepts and compounds are currently being developed and applied toward preclinical and clinical evaluation, and initial results are encouraging. This review focuses on key compounds as AR agonists and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) for disease treatment or diagnosis. AR agonists for treating inflammation, pain, cancer, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, angina, sickle cell disease, ischemic conditions and diabetes have been under development. Multiple clinical trials with two A3AR agonists are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shanu Jain
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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